Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT

GRANHAM HILL MARLBOROUGH WILTSHIRE

Planning G Heritage FEBRUARY 2014 Specialist & Independent Advisors to the Property Industry

Local Planning Authority: WILTSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL

Site centred at: 418726, 168530

Author: HANNAH SMALLEY BSC AIFA

Approved by: ROB BOURN MA, Cert Archaeol, MIFA

Report Status: FINAL

Issue Date: FEBRUARY 2014

CgMs Ref: HS/16591

No part of this report is to be copied in any way without prior written consent.

Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however, CgMs Limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report.

CONTENTS

Executive Summary

1.0 Introduction and Scope of Study

2.0 Planning Background and Development Plan Framework

3.0 Geology and Topography

4.0 Archaeological and Historical Background, including Assessment of Significance

5.0 Site Conditions, the Proposed Development and Impact on Heritage Assets

6.0 Summary and Conclusions

Sources Consulted

Appendix 1: NMR and HER data map

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site location Fig. 2 1668 Map of Savernake Forest Fig. 3 1773 Andrews and Dury map of Wiltshire Fig. 4 1847 Preshute Tithe map Fig. 5 1886 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 Fig. 6 1900 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 Fig. 7 1923 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 Fig. 8 1943 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 Fig. 9 1970 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 Fig. 10 1986 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 Fig. 11 1994 Ordnance Survey 1:2500

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 1 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

LIST OF PLATES

Plate 1: Looking southwest towards the study site Plate 2: Looking south from Granham Close towards the service yard and garage Plate 3: From Granham Close, looking east towards the car sales centre Plate 4: Hand Car Wash unit in the southern extent of the study site Plate 5: From Granham Hill, looking west towards the study site Plate 6: View of Bridleway to the northwest of the study site Plate 7: Looking south towards the study site from the Pewsey Road Bridge

© CgMs Limited No part of this report is to be copied in any way without prior written consent. Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however CgMs Limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report. © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office, OS Licence No. 100014723

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 2 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

Executive Summary

This assessment considers land at Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire. This report forms the desk-based assessment required by paragraph 128 of the NPPF and the saved Policy HH1 of the Kennet Local Plan, to identify the presence of heritage assets and, where present, to assess impact on their significance.

The proposed development will not impact upon the significance of any archaeological designated heritage assets.

This assessment has established that the study site has a low potential to contain buried archaeological remains of all periods; such activity is likely to have been limited to that of former agricultural practices. Substantial landscaping and 20th century development will have wholly or partially removed any archaeological deposits within the study site, should they have been present.

Based on the above, it is considered that their should be no requirement for further archaeological work in relation to proposed development at the study site.

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 3 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF STUDY

1.1 This archaeological desk-based assessment has been researched and prepared by Hannah Smalley of CgMs Consulting for McCarthy and Stone (Developments) Ltd.

1.2 The assessment considers land off at 183 Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire, hereafter referred to as the study site. The study site is 0.26ha in extent and is centred at grid reference 418726, 168530 (Fig. 1).

1.3 In accordance with government policy on archaeology and planning (Section 12 of the National Planning Policy Framework) and the saved Kennet Local Plan policies, this assessment draws together the available archaeological, topographic and land-use information in order to clarify the archaeological potential of the study site.

1.4 Additionally, in accordance with the Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk Based Assessments (Institute of Archaeologists 2012), the assessment includes the results of a site inspection, an examination of published and unpublished records and charts historic land-use through a map regression exercise.

1.5 As a result, the assessment enables relevant parties to assess the significance of archaeological assets on and close to the site and assesses the potential for hitherto undiscovered archaeological assets, thus enabling potential impacts on assets to be identified along with the need for design, civil engineering or archaeological solutions.

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 4 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

2.0 PLANNING BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK

2.1 In March 2012, the government published the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), which replaced national policy relating to heritage and archaeology (Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment).

2.1.1 Section 12 of the NPPF, entitled Conserving and enhancing the historic environment provides policy for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the conservation and investigation of heritage assets. Overall, the objectives of Section 12 of the NPPF can be summarised as seeking the:  Delivery of sustainable development  Understanding the wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits brought by the conservation of the historic environment  Conservation of England's heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance, and  Recognition that heritage contributes to our knowledge and understanding of the past.

2.1.2 Section 12 of the NPPF recognises that intelligently managed change may sometimes be necessary if heritage assets are to be maintained for the long term. Paragraph 128 states that planning decisions should be based on the significance of the heritage asset, and that level of detail supplied by an applicant should be proportionate to the importance of the asset and should be no more than sufficient to review the potential impact of the proposal upon the significance of that asset.

2.1.3 Heritage Assets are defined in Annex 2 of the NPPF as: a building, monument, site, place, area or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions. They include designated heritage assets (as defined in the NPPF) and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing).

2.1.4 Annex 2 also defines Archaeological Interest as a heritage asset which holds or potentially could hold, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point. Heritage assets with archaeological interest are the

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 5 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

primary source of evidence about the substance and evolution of places, and of the people and cultures that made them.

2.1.5 A Designated Heritage Asset comprises a: World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conservation Area.

2.1.6 Significance is defined as: The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. This interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting.

2.1.7 In short, government policy provides a framework which:

 Protects nationally important designated Heritage Assets (which include World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings, Protected Wreck Sites, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields or Conservation Areas).  Protects the settings of such designations.  In appropriate circumstances seeks adequate information (from desk based assessment and field evaluation where necessary) to enable informed decisions.  Provides for the excavation and investigation of sites not significant enough to merit in-situ preservation.

2.2 In considering any planning application for development, the planning authority will be mindful of the framework set by government policy, in this instance the NPPF, by current Development Plan Policy and by other material considerations.

2.3 The Kennet Local Plan 2011 currently provides the local planning policy. This will ultimately be replaced by the emerging Wiltshire Core Strategy (currently in preparation), in the meantime, a number of the local plan policies has been saved for continued use until the formal adoption of the Core Strategy which will form part of the Local Development Framework. The following saved policies are relevant to the study site.

POLICY HH1 PROTECTION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS

PLANNING PERMISSION WILL NOT BE GRANTED FOR DEVELOPMENT WHICH WOULD HAVE AN ADVERSE IMPACT ON THE

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 6 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEPOSITS OR REMAINS ON OR UNDER A SITE OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE (WHETHER SCHEDULED OR NOT) OR ITS CHARACTER OR SETTING. SITES OF SIGNIFICANT REGIONAL OR LOCAL IMPORTANCE, ESPECIALLY THOSE WHICH MAKE A POSITIVE CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTORIC LANDSCAPE, WILL ALSO BE PROTECTED FROM INAPPROPRIATE DEVELOPMENT.

2.4 The emerging Wiltshire Core Strategy contains the following draft policy on the historic environment:

CORE POLICY 58 ENSURING THE CONSERVATION OF THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT

DEVELOPMENT SHOULD PROTECT, CONSERVE AND WHERE POSSIBLE ENHANCE THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT, AND SHOULD NOT HAVE AN UNACCEPTABLE IMPACT ON THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT, PARTICULARLY WHERE THIS COULD BE AVOIDED OR MITIGATED.

DESIGNATED HISTORIC ASSETS AND THEIR SETTINGS WILL BE CONSERVED, AND WHERE APPROPRIATE ENHANCED, INCLUDING:

i. ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS ii. THE WORLD HERITAGE SITES WITHIN AND ADJACENT TO WILTSHIRE iii. BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OF SPECIAL ARCHITECTURAL OR HISTORIC INTEREST iv. THE SPECIAL CHARACTER OR APPEARANCE OF CONSERVATION AREAS v. HISTORIC PARKS AND GARDENS vi. IMPORTANT LANDSCAPES, INCLUDING REGISTERED BATTLEFIELDS AND TOWNSCAPES.

DEVELOPMENT WILL BE REQUIRED TO CONSERVE AND SEEK OPPORTUNITIES TO ENHANCE STRUCTURES AND AREAS OF HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE THROUGHOUT WILTSHIRE, INCLUDING THE CHARACTER, SETTING AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DESIGNATED AND OTHER LOCALLY OR REGIONALLY SIGNIFICANT NON-DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS, INCLUDING:

vii. THE SENSITIVE RE-USE OF REDUNDANT AND UNDER-USED HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND AREAS WHICH ARE CONSISTENT WITH THEIR CONSERVATION ESPECIALLY IN RELATION TO THE VIABLE RE- USE OF HERITAGE ASSETS AT RISK viii. OPPORTUNITIES TO ENHANCE WILTSHIRE’S HISTORIC PUBLIC REALM BY ENSURING THAT ALL DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING TRANSPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORK, IS SENSITIVE TO THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT

DISTINCTIVE ELEMENTS OF WILTSHIRE’S HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT, WHICH CREATES A SENSE OF LOCAL CHARACTER AND IDENTITY AND VARIATION ACROSS THE COUNTY, WILL BE CONSERVED, ENHANCED AND THEIR POTENTIAL TO CONTRIBUTE TOWARDS WIDER SOCIAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS WILL BE EXPLOITED, WHERE APPROPRIATE AND IN A SENSITIVE MANNER, INCLUDING:

ix. THE INDIVIDUAL AND DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER AND APPEARANCE OF WILTSHIRE’S HISTORIC MARKET TOWNS AND VILLAGES

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 7 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

x. NATIONALLY SIGNIFICANT PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS AND LANDSCAPES xi. THE STONEHENGE AND AVEBURY WORLD HERITAGE SITE xii. HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES RELATED TO THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY xiii. HISTORIC RURAL STRUCTURES INCLUDING THRESHING BARNS, GRANARIES, MALT HOUSES, DOVECOTS AND STABLES xiv. ECCLESIASTICAL SITES INCLUDING CHURCHES, CHAPELS AND MONUMENTS xv. THE HISTORIC GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES xvi. THE HISTORIC WATERWAYS AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES INCLUDING CANALS AND RIVER COURSE xvii. HERITAGE ASSETS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MILITARY.

2.5 This assessment therefore seeks to establish whether archaeological evidence from the site or its vicinity suggests that the site is an area containing heritage assets as defined by the NPPF and whether saved policies contained within Kennet Local Plan 2011 are relevant in this instance.

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 8 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

3.0 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

3.1 Geology

3.1.1 The solid geology of the study site comprises undifferentiated Chalk of the Lewes Nodular, Seaford and Newhaven Chalk Formations. There is no superficial geology recorded within the site, although adjacent river terrace deposits may extend into the study site, associated with the nearby River Kennet (British Geological Survey 1974, map sheet 266).

3.1.2 No site-specific geotechnical information was available at the time of writing (February 2014).

3.2 Topography

3.2.1 The study site is located in the Kennet Valley, situated c.40m east of the River Kennet. The study site lies approximately 136m Above Ordnance Datum (AOD). It is clear that the study site has been subject to terracing and landscaping associated with 20th century development.

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 9 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND INCLUDING ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

Timescales used in this report:

Prehistoric Palaeolithic 450,000 - 12,000 BC Mesolithic 12,000 - 4,000 BC Neolithic 4,000 - 1,800 BC Bronze Age 1,800 - 600 BC Iron Age 600 - AD 43

Historic Roman AD 43 - 410 Saxon/Early Medieval AD 410 - 1066 Medieval AD 1066 - 1485 Post Medieval AD 1486 - 1899 Modern AD 1900 - Present

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 This assessment is based on a consideration of evidence in the Wiltshire Historic Environment Record (HER), the National Monuments Record (NMR) and the National Heritage List (NHL) for the study site and a zone 1km in extent around its boundary (the study area). The Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre was also visited in order to examine historic maps relating to the site.

4.1.2 The study site is located beyond Marlborough’s Conservation Area and the Registered Historic Park and Garden of Marlborough College. The study site is not situated within additional areas of potential heritage consideration as identified within the Local Plan (Area of Special Quality or Area of Minimal Change). There are no designated or non-designated heritage assets recorded within, or immediately adjacent to the study site. A number of designated and non-designated heritage assets are recorded in the wider study area. These are considered in the relevant sections below and are identified as either HER, NMR or NHL depending on the data source, followed by the unique reference number. A map showing the location of data mentioned in the text can be found at Appendix 1.

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 10 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

4.1.3 This chapter reviews existing archaeological evidence for the study site and the archaeological/historical background of the general area, and, in accordance with the NPPF, considers the potential for as yet undiscovered archaeological evidence on the study site.

4.1.4 Chapter 5 subsequently considers the site conditions and whether the theoretical potential identified in this chapter is likely to survive.

4.2 Previous Archaeological Investigations

4.2.1 No previous intrusive archaeological investigations have been conducted within the study site itself or in close proximity. However, numerous archaeological investigations have been conducted throughout the wider surrounding area. The results of a number of these investigations will be discussed in the relevant sections below.

4.3 Prehistoric

4.3.1 It is clear from records held within the HER and NMR that the Marlborough region has been occupied throughout the prehistoric period. The scheduled Castle Mound (NHL1005634), located over 360m to the north of the study site, is widely believed to be of prehistoric origin, bearing similarities to that of Silbury Hill, although the evidence is largely circumstantial (Wiltshire County Archaeology Services 2004, 9).

4.3.2 Early utilisation of the landscape is demonstrated by the recovery of stone hand axes and flint tools of the Palaeolithic period (HER MWI14036-38) present within the study area. This utilisation and later settlement of the landscape continues into the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods, with flint artefacts recorded over 500m to the south of the study site, throughout the areas of Graham Hill and Salisbury Hill (HER MWI14223, MWI14063, MWI14043, MWI14058, MWI14062, MWI14060, MWI14057) and recorded elsewhere in the town (HER MWI14046-7). A possible late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age settlement site has been identified at Ducks Meadow during evaluation works (HER MWI14069, EWI5733), 460m east of the study site. Flint artefacts attributed to these periods were also recovered from shallow cut features recorded 500m to the south of the study site during archaeological works on the A345 (HER EWI6059).

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 11 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

4.3.3 Evidence for continued activity into the Bronze Age and Iron Age is present across the Graham Hill and Salisbury Hill areas, over 500m to the south of the study site (HER MWI14080, MWI14074, MWI14078. Cropmark evidence for ring ditches across these areas are also likely to be attributed to these periods (HER MWI14207, MWI14202-3). Possible Iron Age activity has been recorded at St John’s School, c.120m south of the study site, during archaeological investigations. While, the majority of archaeological features recorded were undated, an Iron Age pottery fragment was recorded during the evaluation (HER MWI14091). Although small scale occupation activity has been recorded to the south, there is no evidence of extensive Iron Age settlement at Marlborough (Wiltshire County Archaeology Services 2004, 9).

4.3.4 The area has clearly been utilised throughout the prehistoric period. However, no evidence for prehistoric activity is known within or in close proximity to the study site. Therefore a low potential for activity within the study site is identified. Furthermore, the study site’s close proximity to the River Avon may limit such activity to agricultural use.

4.4 Roman

4.4.1 The major focus for Roman settlement in Marlborough lies 2km to the east of the town near Mildenhall. Known as Cunetio, it was the largest town in Roman Wiltshire. A Roman road, running east-west along the Kennet Valley was situated to the north side of the later, medieval High Street, over 500m north of the study site. The presence of the nearby substantial town helps explain the number of Romano-British finds recovered from Marlborough (Wiltshire County Archive Service 2004, 10). A number of Roman isolated pottery sherds and find spots are recorded within 400m of the study site (HER MWI14101, MWI14103, MWI14113, MWI14100, MWI14093).

4.4.2 Further evidence of Roman settlement activity is noted closer to the study site, represented by the villa site of Brown’s Farm (HER MWI14233 and MWI 14109), situated over 950m to the southeast.

4.4.3 The local area was clearly occupied during the Roman period. However, there is no evidence to suggest that settlement activity occurred within or in close proximity to the study site. No such activity has been recorded during nearby evaluation works (HER EWI5914). The study site’s position close to the River Kennet would suggest that activity in this area may have been limited to that of

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 12 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

agricultural use, such as seasonal grazing. A low potential for Roman activity is therefore identified, with any activity likely to be limited to isolated find spots.

4.5 Saxon/Early Medieval

4.5.1 The Domesday Book and other early post conquest sources suggests Saxon origins for the settlement at Marlborough, although evidence in the archaeological record is lacking (Wiltshire County Archive Service 2004, 11). A chance recovery of a Saxon metalwork pin is recorded c.150m southwest of the study site (MWI14110). The focus of settlement activity during this period is likely to have been at the crossroads of the Roman road and ancient north-south route that crossed the river heading towards the Savernake Forest (in the vicinity of Kingsbury Street, Silverless Street and The Parade), situated over 700m northeast of the study site. It is also likely that the prehistoric mound (c.350m northwest of the study site) was lightly fortified in the Saxon period, commanding a view over the Kennet Valley to the west.

4.5.2 The study site is situated well beyond any settlement focus at this time. Once again the study site is likely to have been utilised for agriculture. A low potential for Saxon/early medieval activity is identified for the study site.

4.6 Medieval

4.6.1 Following the Norman Conquest, a castle was constructed which utilised the prehistoric mound (the Mount) (HER MWI14125), c. 350m north of the study site. Throughout this period, the medieval settlement of Marlborough expanded and developed. A planned layout was established at the end of the 12th century, forming the High Street and market area, which linked the earlier established settlement at the eastern end of Marlborough with the civil settlement associated with the Normal Castle. The HER delineates the historic extent of this medieval Town (HER MWI14133). The study site is situated beyond the medieval settlement limits.

4.6.2 Several mills along the River Kennet served Marlborough Castle and its neighbourhood, none are precisely mentioned until the 12th century (Crowley 1983, 160-184). Castle Mill, shown on the 1664 map of Savernake Forest (Figure 2), is located to the west of the study site. The mill is described as ‘new’ in 1227, and later acquired the name of Castle Mill by 1377 (Crowley 1983, 160- 184). Castle Mill remains present on the 1773 Andrews and Dury map of

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 13 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

Wiltshire (Figure 3), but is no longer present by the 1847 Preshute Tithe map (Figure 4).

4.6.3 During this period, the study site is situated beyond the limit of known settlement activity in the area. As with earlier periods, the study site is likely to have been utilised as area of agricultural land, located adjacent to medieval route leading from Marlborough to Preshute and south towards Pewsey. A low potential for archaeological activity of this period is identified, such activity is likely to be limited to agricultural practices.

4.7 Post-Medieval and Modern

4.7.1 No heritage assets of these periods are recorded within or in close proximity to the study site.

4.7.2 In these periods understanding of settlement, land-use and the utilisation of the landscape is enhanced by cartographic sources, which can give additional detail to data contained within the HER and NMR.

4.7.3 The 1668 map of Savernake Forest (Figure 2) shows that the study site is situated on the south side of the medieval routeway from Marlborough to Preshute and Pewsey. This routeway is now represented by the present day Granham Close and adjacent bridleway. Castle Mill is shown to the west of the study site.

4.7.4 By 1773 (Figure 3), the crossing of Cool Bridge (Prewsey Road bridge) has been established and the road to Pewsey has been re-routed up Granham Hill. Castle Mill continues to be depicted to the west of the study site.

4.7.5 The 1847 Preshute Tithe map provides the earliest detailed mapping of the study site (Figure 4). By this date Granham Hill road has been constructed, defining the eastern bounds of the study site. The study site occupies a single agricultural field, described as an area of field gardens and paths (allotments) in the tithe apportionment. Castle Mill is no longer depicted.

4.7.6 The study site itself remains unchanged on the 1886 Ordnance Survey (Figure 5). A series of building are depicted to the east of Granham Hill road. The 1900 Ordnance Survey (Figure 6) once again describes the study site as allotment gardens.

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 14 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

4.7.7 The 1923 and 1943 Ordnance Survey show the construction of two rectangular buildings within the northern part of the study site (Figures 7 and 8). By 1970, an additional roadside building has been constructed along Granham Close and an Agricultural Engineering Works has been built within the southern half of the study site. Residential development rapidly expands to the southwest and northeast of the study site.

4.7.8 By 1986 (Figure 9) the present day car sales building has been built along with an additional commercial unit in the south (present day hand car wash facility). Minor alterations are present on the 1994 Ordnance Survey (Figure 11) but on the whole, the study site remains unchanged to present day.

4.7.9 The study site remained an area of agricultural land throughout the Post- Medieval period. The area is utilised as allotment gardens from at least the mid 19th century through to the early part of the 20th century. The study site is subject to modern development from the mid 20th century onwards. A low potential for significant archaeological remains of this period is identified for the study site.

4.8 Designated Heritage Assets

4.8.1 This assessment considered archaeological designated heritage assets only. Detailed assessment of built heritage assets are will be addressed in a separate report.

4.8.2 There are no designated archaeological heritage assets within the study site or immediate surrounding area. The Scheduled Monument Castle Mound (NHL1005634) is located over 350m northwest of the study site. The Mound is located within the grounds of Marlborough College, which comprises the former castle grounds and later the grounds of Marlborough House and formal gardens. The southern boundary of Marlborough College is clearly defined by the River Kennet. The study site is located beyond these bounds and the setting of the castle monument, which is primarily defined by the historical castle limits and later Historic Park and Garden grounds. Furthermore, the study site is screened from the nearby Registered Historic Park and Garden and Marlborough Conservation Area by mature trees and a belt of vegetation associated with the River Kennet.

4.9 Historic Landscape

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 15 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

4.9.1 The study site is located beyond the historic core of Marlborough, and is not located within any other designated area. The study site formerly laid within agricultural land adjacent to the River Kennet. From the later of the 20th century the study site and surrounding area was subject to commercial and residential development. No elements of the study sites original historic landscape survives.

4.10 Assessment of Significance

4.10.1 The schedule monument of Castle Mound is of national significance. However, this assessment has established that no designated heritage assets of national significance lie within or in close proximity to the study site for their significance or setting to be impacted by proposed development.

4.10.2 A low potential for as yet unknown buried archaeological deposits of all periods is identified for the study site. However, modern landscaping, terracing and development of the study site during the mid 20th century will have wholly or partially removed any potential archaeological deposits within the study site. Should limited archaeological deposits within the study site survive, these are considered to be of more than local significance and will not be of such significance as to preclude development.

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 16 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

5.0 SITE CONDITIONS, THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT ON HERITAGE ASSETS

5.1 Site Conditions

5.1.1 A site visit was carried out on 28th January 2013. The study site comprises a car sales and service garage, a hand car wash premise and associated car parking (Plates 1-5).

5.1.2 To facilitate the construction of these commercial units, the study site has undergone hard landscaping and terracing of the site (Plates 3 and 5). The car sales unit has been cut into the valley side of Granham hill, a basement level is present on the northern side of this building (Plate 5).

5.1.3 A line of mature trees are present to the immediate south of the study site, forming the boundary of the bridleway way that runs parallel to Granham Close (Plate 6). These trees provide screening of the study site from that of Marlborough Conservation Area and the Registered Historic Park and Garden of Marlborough College (Plate 7).

5.1.4 The modern terracing and construction of the commercial units will have wholly or partially removed archaeological deposits within the site, should they have been present.

5.2 The Proposed Development

5.2.1 The current proposals are for the construction of apartments for the elderly, including access, car parking and landscaping. No formal layout plan was available at the time of writing.

5.3 Potential Archaeological Impacts

5.3.1 The proposed development will not impact upon the significance of any archaeological designated heritage assets.

5.3.2 The study site has a low potential to contain buried archaeological remains of all periods, such activity is likely to have been limited to that of former agricultural practices. Furthermore, substantial landscaping and 20th century development

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 17 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

will have wholly or partially removed archaeological deposit within the study site, should they have been present.

5.3.3 The proposed development would impact on any buried archaeological remains that may be present. However, the presence of such deposits is considered to be limited and adversely effected by mid 20th century development of the site.

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 18 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

6.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

6.1 This desk-based assessment has established that there are no archaeological designated heritage assets located within or in close proximity to the study site. The study site is situated beyond the setting of the scheduled Castle Mound, the monument’s significance and setting will be unaffected by the proposed development.

6.2 The study site is situated beyond the historic core of Marlborough, its location adjacent to the River Kennet suggests that the study site it likely to have been utilised as an area of agricultural land. A low potential for buried archaeological remains of all periods is identified for the study site. Substantial landscaping and 20th century development will have wholly or partially removed archaeological deposit within the study site, should they have been present.

6.3 Based on the above, it is considered that their should be no requirement for further archaeological work in relation to proposed development at the study site.

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 19 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

SOURCES CONSULTED

General Wiltshire Historic Environment Record (HER) Wiltshire and Swindon Heritage Centre National Monuments Record, Swindon (NMR) National Heritage List (NHL)

Bibliographic

Chandler, J. G. 1977. A History of Marlborough

Crowley. D. A (ed). 1983. A History of the County of Wiltshire Volume 12: Ramsbury and Selkley hundreds: the borough of Marlborough

Evans. D. 2003. Land at St John’s School, Orchard Road, Marlborough, Wiltshire. Cotswold Archaeology (2003.089)

Kennet District Council. 2003. Marlborough Conservation Area Statement

Williams, A. and Martin, G. 1992. Domesday Book, A Complete Translation

Wiltshire County Archaeology Service. 2004. The Archaeology of Wiltshire’s Towns. An Extensive Urban Survey - Marlborough

Cartographic

1668 Map of Savernake Forest 1773 Andrews and Dury map of Wiltshire 1847 Preshute Tithe map 1886 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 1900 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 1923 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 1943 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 1970 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 1977 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 1986 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 1991 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 1994 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 1889 Ordnance Survey 1:10680 1901 Ordnance Survey 1:10680 1925 Ordnance Survey 1:10000

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 20 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

1943 Ordnance Survey 1:10680 1961 Ordnance Survey 1:10000 1982-83 Ordnance Survey 1:10000 2006 Ordnance Survey 1:10000 2013 Ordnance Survey 1:10000

Websites Archaeological Data Service – www.ads.ahds.ac.uk Heritage Gateway - www.heritagegateway.org.uk National Soil Resource Institute, Cranfield University - https://www.landis.org.uk/soilscapes/ A vision of Britain through time - http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 21 L:\Archaeology\Current Jobs\16000-16999\16591 - Granham Hill, Marlborough\Corel HS/03.02.2014 Gloucestershire Oxfordshire

Bristol Berkshire

Wiltshire

Somerset

Hampshire

Not to Scale: Illustrative Only Legend

Site Location N

Figure 1: Site Location

Planning• Heritage www.cgms.co.uk

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [2013] L:\Archaeology\Current Jobs\16000-16999\16591 - Granham Hill, Marlborough\Corel HS/03.02.2014

Not to Scale: Illustrative Only Legend

Approximate location of study site N

Figure 2:Map of Savernake Forest, 1668

Planning• Heritage www.cgms.co.uk

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 L:\Archaeology\Current Jobs\16000-16999\16591 - Granham Hill, Marlborough\Corel HS/03.02.2014

Not to Scale: Illustrative Only Legend

Approximate location of study site N Figure 3:Andrews and Dury map of Wiltshire, 1773

Planning• Heritage www.cgms.co.uk

Not to scale Illustrative only Legend

Site boundary N

Figure 4:Preshute Tithe map, 1847

Planning• Heritage www.cgms.co.uk

1:2500 @ A4 Legend

Site boundary N

Figure 5:Ordnance Survey map, 1886 0 100 m Planning• Heritage 1:2500 www.cgms.co.uk

1:2500 @ A4 Legend

Site boundary N

Figure 6:Ordnance Survey map, 1900 0 100 m Planning• Heritage 1:2500 www.cgms.co.uk

1:2500 @ A4 Legend

Site boundary N

Figure 7:Ordnance Survey map, 1923 0 100 m Planning• Heritage 1:2500 www.cgms.co.uk

1:2500 @ A4 Legend

Site boundary N

Figure 8:Ordnance Survey map, 1943 0 100 m Planning• Heritage 1:2500 www.cgms.co.uk

1:2500 @ A4 Legend

Site boundary N

Figure 9:Ordnance Survey map, 1970 0 100 m Planning• Heritage 1:2500 www.cgms.co.uk

1:2500 @ A4 Legend

Site boundary N

Figure 10:Ordnance Survey map, 1986 0 100 m Planning• Heritage 1:2500 www.cgms.co.uk

1:2500 @ A4 Legend

Site boundary N

Figure 11:Ordnance Survey map, 1994 0 100 m Planning• Heritage 1:2500 www.cgms.co.uk

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 CgMs L:\Archaeology\Current Jobs\16000-16999\16555 - 183 Westbury-on-Trym\Graphics\Corel

Plate 1: Looking southwest towards the study site Plate 2: Looking south from Granham Close towards the service yard

Plate 3: From Granham Close, looking east towards the car sales Plate 4: Hand Car Wash unit in the southern extent of the study site

Plates 1-4 CgMs L:\Archaeology\Current Jobs\16000-16999\16555 - 183 Westbury-on-Trym\Graphics\Corel

Plate 5: From Granham Hill, looking west towards the study site Plate 6: View of Bridleway to the northwest of the study site

Plate 7: Looking south towards the study site from the Pewsey Road

Plates 5-7 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

Appendix 1: NMR and HER data map

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 22 L:\Archaeology\Current Jobs\16000-16999\16591 - Granham Hill, Marlborough\GIS\Map\Marlbrough designated assets.mxd RS / 22.01.14

169500 1005635

Planning ● Heritage www.cgms.co.uk

169000 Site Boundary Scheduled Monuments Listedbuilding Listed Building Registered Parks And Gardens Conservation Area 1001239

1005634 168500

1000472 168000 ±

Scale at A3: 1:8,000 0 250 m

Appendix 1: Designated Heritage Assets 167500

417500 418000 418500 419000 419500 420000 © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Contains, or is based upon, English Heritage's National Heritage List for England data © English Heritage. L:\Archaeology\Current Jobs\16000-16999\16591 - Granham Hill, Marlborough\GIS\Map\Marlbrough HER mons.mxd RS / 22.01.14

MWI14105 MWI14177 Roman 169500 The Old Bowling Green MWI14108 on The Common MWI14149 Roman Medieval MWI14088 MWI14124 Early Medieval (Saxon) Iron Age MWI14158 Medieval Planning ● Heritage MWI14082 MWI14112 Roman www.cgms.co.uk Iron Age MWI14115 Roman MWI14170 Undated MWI14130 Medieval MWI14172 MWI14096 MWI14155 Medieval Undated Roman MWI14156 MWI14164 Medieval MWI14106 MWI13382 Medieval Roman Post Medieval MWI14163 MWI14127 Medieval to LateMWI14099 C19 MWI14123 Medieval Roman Early Medieval (Saxon) MWI14150 Medieval MWI14121 MWI14157 MWI14047 Roman Medieval MWI14235 Neolithic MWI14151 MWI14092 MWI14036 169000 North of Cotton House Medieval Roman MWI14162 Medieval MWI13393 Palaeolithic Undated MWI14153 MWI14152 MWI14120 MWI14144 MWI14128 Medieval Medieval Roman Medieval MWI14046 Mesolithic Medieval MWI14084 MWI14160 Site Boundary MWI14111 Iron Age Medieval Monument Points MWI14093 MWI14159 Roman Medieval MWI14148 Medieval Roman MWI14076 Monument Lines Bronze Age MWI14161 MWI14171 Preshute MWI14125 Monument Marlborough Mount Medieval Polygons MWI14100 MWI14146 MWI13384 Post Medieval MWI14136 Preshute Roman Medieval MWI14133 Marlborough MWI14069 Neolithic MWI14091 MWI14069 Iron Age Ducks Meadow, Isbury Road

MWI14116 Roman MWI14136 Preshute MWI14174 Undated MWI14078 Bronze Age 168500 MWI14110 Roman MWI13388 Post Medieval MWI14211 Postern Hill

MWI14167 Marlborough MWI14122 MWI14175 Undated College Grounds (Registered) Early Medieval (Saxon)

MWI13381 MWI14222 Salisbury Hill MWI14168 Undated Granham Hill

MWI14196 Granham Hill MWI14101 Roman

MWI14223 Undated MWI14104 Roman MWI14113 Roman MWI14203 Salisbury Hill MWI14103 Roman

MWI14037 Palaeolithic MWI14202 Granham Hill MWI14233 Brown's Farm 168000 MWI14057 Neolithic MWI14207 Granham Hill MWI14080 Bronze Age MWI14038 Palaeolithic MWI14058 Neolithic MWI14043 Mesolithic MWI14063 Neolithic MWI14238 North-east of Brown's Farm ± MWI13394 Undated MWI14233 Brown's Farm MWI14195 North-east of MWI14062 Neolithic MWI14109 Browns Farm Granham Farm Scale at A3: 1:8,000 MWI14074 Bronze Age 0 250 MWI14145 Pantawick MWI14060 Neolithic m MWI13385 Modern

MWI14213 South of Pantawick Appendix 1: HER Monuments 167500 417500 418000 418500 419000 419500 420000 © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Contains, or is based upon, English Heritage's National Heritage List for England data © English Heritage. L:\Archaeology\Current Jobs\16000-16999\16591 - Granham Hill, Marlborough\GIS\Map\Marlbrough NMR mons.mxd RS / 22.01.14

220508 220676

169500 220548 1424936 1193874 220680 220678NOS 142 AND 143 HIGH STREET NOS 10 AND 11 KINGSBURY STREET 220681 43 KINGSBURY STREET Planning ● Heritage 220557 220561 969744 www.cgms.co.uk

220679 THE HERMITAGE AND HYDE CLOSE 220677 1108948MARLBOROUGH THE MERCHANTS HOUSE 969737 1187681 220551 220542 3-4 HIGH STREET 220588 618117 969747 121-124 HIGH STREET 1315989 1160492 538092 515927 1348473 THE GEORGIAN 220633 1348461 220603 RESTAURANT COOLE BRIDGE 169000 220659 902755 1062813 MARLBOROUGH 220644 220570 THE PORTERS LODGE MARLBOROUGH WHITEFRIARS 220682 220684 NOS 36 AND 37 HIGH STREET BARTON FARM 220545 220573 Site Boundary 1062821 ST MARGARETS PRIORY NORTH BLOCK ST KATHERINES CHANTRY NMR Monument 1062823 1062809 NMR Monument 1013309 1062814 MUSEUM BLOCK COTTON HOUSE 1062864 NMR Monument 220514 220683 THE OLD SICK HOUSE 502658 THE MOUNT MARLBOROUGH CASTLE HOUSE MARLBOROUGH LOW 1013306 1062849 LEVEL STATION SCIENCE BLOCK AT MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE A HOUSE 1193871

969753 ST GEORGES CHURCH 969743 502657 MARLBOROUGH HIGH

168500 619086 220647 969746 LEVEL STATION

1062875 969755

969751

1248725 1465199 1465505 MARLBOROUGH HORSE 1465396 220560 1465500

220627 220517 168000 220612 969754 969756 220523 1465144 ± 220526 PANTAWICK

Scale at A3: 1:8,000 0 250 m

Appendix 1: NMR Monuments 167500

915815 EWI7296 EWI4321 EWI4315 Planning ● Heritage EWI7296 EWI4315 1495978 1332502 www.cgms.co.uk

1160737 1128871 1376266 EWI4332 EWI4315 1379561 EWI4315 EWI2627 EWI6661 1492363 878585 1556498 EWI6837 EWI4315 EWI4323 EWI5093 EWI4988 EWI5794 1443669 644760 EWI5384 1340379 # EWI4987 EWI2619 1462110 EWI5736 EWI5079 EWI4324 904354 ## 1307669 1498781 EWI6669 644768 ## # EWI4324 EWI3221 # 1212766 EWI4319 # # EWI4324 EWI6208 169000 644771 # # EWI6346 1534181 EWI4324 EWI978 644769 EWI4329 1566277 EWI4324 EWI2628 1443682 1435835 1534179 EWI4331 905866 EWI5645 Site Boundary # EWI4325 EWI5812 1485853 1352382 1362744 1337248 EWI6219 Event Lines 1568097 1073599 644901 EWI5389 EWI2765 1485910 EWI6940 EWI5733 EWI5102 # Event Points 1337485 # EWI6458 EWI5152 Event Polygons EWI2626 EWI2625 EWI6076 1470090 1367080 644762 644767 NMR Event 644765 EWI2624 1105913 644766 1495980 EWI4929 644763 ######## 1409321 1386408 644761 644764 1522002 1337490 EWI4312 EWI2620 1541524 EWI4318 1261649 EWI2621 EWI6747 EWI4314 168500 EWI2623 EWI6859 1498626 EWI2622 1558216 1528331

EWI6724 1470094

EWI4333 # 1332486 EWI6859

EWI5914 #EWI5410

EWI7297 1324740 905865 EWI6059 168000 1357118 EWI7277 1485864 ±

Scale at A3: 1:8,000 0 250 m

Appendix 1: HER and NMR Events 167500 417500 418000 418500 419000 419500 420000 © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Contains, or is based upon, English Heritage's National Heritage List for England data © English Heritage. Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

Designated Heritage Assets

Scheduled Monuments

NHL Name 1005635 Earthworks on Marlborough Common 1005634 Castle mound

Listed Buildings

NHL Name Grade 1034258 CHURCH OF ST PETER AND ST PAUL II* 1243334 NUMBERS 40 TO 42 (CONSECUTIVE) INCLUDING RAILINGS II 1243097 KATHARINE HOUSE II 1034213 GATEWAY IN WALL TO RIGHT OF NUMBERS 107 AND 108 II 1258390 II

1034274 II

1258407 HYDE CLOSE AND THE HERMITAGE II* 1243382 II

1365416 II

1034269 COTTON HOUSE II 1034238 II

1034246 II

1272981 THE QUEENS HEAD INN II 1034265 II

1262007 II*

1034257 FAR END INCLUDING RAILINGS II 1034239 II

1272819 K6 TELEPHONE KIOSK OUTSIDE PUBLIC LIBRARY (NUMBER 0672 52181) II 1365367 II

1365415 II

1273043 II

1272980 II

1243383 II

1273305 PROSPECT PLACE II 1034232 II

1034261 II

1365419 THE CENTRAL GARAGE II 1365386 II

1365410 II

1034204 II

1365377 II

1365420 II

1365444 II*

1034276 II

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 23 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

1034218 II

1258608 ELM COTTAGE INCLUDING RAILINGS II 1259778 II

1034266 BARTON FARM HOUSE II 1365412 THE BRIDGE GARAGE II 1034192 II

1034249 II

1272982 II

1034205 II

1243237 II

1253281 II

1034279 II

1034210 ALBANY COTTAGE INCLUDING RAILINGS II 1252912 LITTLEFIELD II 1034198 II

1261853 THE PRIORY II 1034268 BARTON HILL II 1273074 II

1258792 THE FIVE ALLS PUBLIC HOUSE II 1034228 II

1365422 RANGE OF FORMER STABLING AND COACH HOUSES II 1034242 II

1365418 NUMBER 100, INCLUDING OUTHOUSE TO REAR II PAVEMENT IN FRONT OF WHOLE ROW, AND UP TO ARCHWAY TO HIGH 1034260 II STREET 1261999 NUMBER 58 INCLUDING IRON RAILINGS II 1034275 II

1243242 II

1365392 THE GREEN DRAGON PUBLIC HOUSE II 1034247 CINEMA II 1243235 II

1034263 II

1365408 II

1243340 SALISBURY ROAD LODGE GATE II 1365436 B HOUSE II 1034222 II

1034193 II

1034208 STABLES AND COACH HOUSE TO FIVE ALLS PUBLIC HOUSE II 1272909 II

WALL TO FORMER STABLEYARD OF ST PETER'S RECTORY, EXTENDING 1242844 II FROM NUMBER 50 TO NUMBER 51 1243037 II

1258849 II

1034194 II

1034248 II

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 24 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

1259061 CHAPEL II 1365432 RAILINGS TO ST PETER'S AND ST MARY'S JUNIOR SCHOOL II 1034240 WALL TO GARDEN OF NUMBER 9, EXTENDING AS FAR AS NUMBER 12 II 1253045 NUMBER 8 INCLUDING RAILINGS IN FRONT II 1253055 II

1365401 ELMHURST II 1259058 PORTER'S LODGE II 1243379 II

1034217 II

1243608 II

1259065 FORMER STABLES TO MARLBOROUGH CASTLE HOUSE II 1365409 II*

1365407 NUMBER 26 INCLUDING RAILINGS II 1243575 NUMBER 8 INCLUDING RAILINGS II 1273330 II

1034254 LLORAN HOUSE II 1253167 II

1034262 MESSRS FREES' WAREHOUSE II BOUNDARY WALL, RAILS, PIERS, GATES AND OVERTHROW TO STREET OF 1243159 II CONGREGATIONAL CHAPEL 1261854 II

1034207 II

1259062 A HOUSE II 1034245 THE AILESBURY ARMS HOTEL II 1365414 II

1243377 II

1252840 II

1365402 VIRGINIA COTTAGE II 1034259 II

1034252 II

1252942 II

1034236 II

1273068 II

1034253 II

1243231 II

1259066 MEMORIAL HALL II 1273152 SCIENCE BLOCK II 1261967 II

1261961 II

1243099 II

1272917 II

1034197 II

1365389 II

1273151 GROTTO AT BASE OF SOUTH SIDE OF CASTLE MOUND II

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 25 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

1365393 II

1259063 MASTER'S LODGE II 1243622 II

1243098 II

1243233 II

1243238 NUMBER 22 INCLUDING RAILINGS IN FRONT II GARDEN WALL BETWEEN NUMBER 14A AND THE PADDOCK, RETURNING 1034196 WEST, AND THEN SOUTH AS GARDEN WALL OF GALLOWS CLOSE AND II SYCAMORE 1258313 II

1034215 II

1034200 KINGSBURY HILL COTTAGE AND MERLE COTTAGE II 1243617 HYDE CROSS II 1034226 II

1243618 THE LODGE II 1243378 II

1259055 MUSEUM BLOCK II PAVEMENT RUNNING FROM IN FRONT OF NUMBER 5 TO JUST PAST NUMBER 1365387 II 9 1253344 II

1365391 II

K6 TELEPHONE KIOSK OPPOSITE NUMBER 7 THE GREEN (NUMBER 0672 1243612 II 52194) 1253158 THE BEAR HOTEL II 1242985 NUMBER 107, INCLUDING RAILINGS II 1258201 II

1243050 II

1273100 II

1273067 CONGREGATIONAL CHAPEL II 1365421 II

1034251 II

1034234 II*

1273150 ARCADE BETWEEN MUSEUM BLOCK AND BRADLEIAN BUILDING II 1034212 II

1365399 II

1273044 PRESHUTE HOUSE II 1272808 CHURCH COTTAGE II 1262023 MANT HOUSE II 1034270 ROSE COTTAGE II 1034209 II

1034250 STABLE BLOCK TO NUMBER 28 (THE PRIORY) II 1034230 II*

1034214 II

1034229 II

1262075 II

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 26 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

1034256 II

1273511 II

1243380 II

1272802 II

1259057 NORTH BLOCK II 1273367 KINGSBURY HILL HOUSE II 1034203 NUMBERS 1 TO 12 (CONSECUTIVE) INCLUDING PAVEMENT IN FRONT II 1272952 II

1034224 CROMWELL HOUSE II 1034255 II

1273045 II

1365390 II

1258155 THE CASTLE AND BALL HOTEL II 1258852 II

1034233 MIDLAND BANK II 1034219 II

1034223 II

1258296 II

1258767 II

1259796 THE GEORGIAN RESTAURANT II 1243032 MASONIC HALL II 1243042 THE CROWN HOTEL II 1243088 II

1253343 IVY HOUSE HOTEL II 1258174 II

1034281 II

1243420 GREENWAYS II 1365396 II

1253338 II*

1034273 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE GYMNASIUM II 1243094 II

GATEPIERS, GATES AND RAILINGS RUNNING AS FAR AS WEST OF CHAPEL, 1259059 II WITH EXTENSION SOUTH ABUTTING CHAPEL 1258855 ST PETER'S AND ST MARY'S JUNIOR SCHOOL II 1365403 II

1365443 II

1365413 II

1243031 II

1365406 II

1034201 II

1273065 II

1034211 NUMBERS 45 AND 46, INCLUDING RAILINGS II 1243381 RAILINGS AT ROSETREE AND ROSETREE II 1034244 II

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 27 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

1034271 LODGE TO UPCOT II 1034220 II

1034243 NUMBERS 36 AND 37, INCLUDING PAVEMENT IN FRONT II 1272801 CLEMENTS MEADOW II 1272983 WALL IN FRONT OF LINDEN LODGE II 1258854 II

1259784 II

1365398 COACH HOUSE BEHIND CASTLE AND BALL HOTEL II 1034206 II

1034267 BARTON FARM STABLES II 1243234 II

1034264 NEWTON HOUSE II 1034195 NUMBER 14 INCLUDING RAILINGS AND WALLS II 1365395 II

1272918 II

1259064 OLD SICK HOUSE II 1034303 COACH HOUSE BETWEEN NUMBERS 11 AND 12 II 1259056 BRADLEIAN BUILDING II 1034216 II

1365442 II

1243580 II

1034277 II

1257278 II*

1262015 PRESHUTE VICARAGE II 1258718 II

1034225 POTTERS END II 1243100 CHURCH OF ST GEORGE II* 1272926 LINDEN LODGE II 1365400 GARDEN WALLS IN FRONT OF NUMBER 8 AND WYE HOUSE II 1365388 II

1243236 II

1365397 II

1034280 II

1365417 THE SUN PUBLIC HOUSE II 1258451 II

1242889 II

1034241 II

1365423 WALL TO HERMITAGE AND HYDE CLOSE II 1258829 KENNET HOUSE INCLUDING RAILINGS AND SNETTISHAM HOUSE II 1034221 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY II 1243603 BRICK WALLS FACING PATH TO REAR OF NUMBERS 136-138 HIGH STREET II 1034278 II

1243241 NUMBER 36 TO 39 (CONSECUTIVE) INCLUDING RAILINGS II 1242852 THE TOWN HALL II

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 28 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

1243232 II

1243053 II

1034272 SOUTHFIELD II 1034202 II

1034199 NUMBERS 29 TO 31 (CONSECUTIVE) INCLUDING RAILINGS II 1034235 STABLES AND COACH HOUSE TO THE HERMITAGE II 1034227 II

1365394 ST PETER'S RECTORY II 1258759 II

1034237 II

1034231 II

1365404 II

1253276 II

1365405 NUMBER 14A INCLUDING COURTYARD TO SOUTH OF IT II 1273163 C HOUSE I 1365424 II

1273242 NUMBERS 25 TO 34 (CONSECUTIVE) INCLUDING RAILINGS II 1034302 PARISH CHURCH OF ST MARY I

Registered Historic Park and Gardens

NHL Name Grade 1000472 TOTTENHAM HOUSE AND SAVERNAKE FOREST II* 1001239 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE II

Conservation Area

CA_Name CA_ID MARLBOROUGH CA/E/143

Non-designated Heritage Assets

HER Monuments

MonUID Name MonType LANDSCAPE PARK, PARK, HA HA, POND, CONSERVATORY, Tottenham Park ORANGERY, FORMAL GARDEN, FOUNTAIN, SUMMERHOUSE, MWI19022 (Registered) DEER PARK, COLUMN, PARK PALE, WALLED GARDEN, FISHPOND, ZOO, ORCHARD Ducks Meadow, MWI14069 SETTLEMENT Isbury Road MWI14222 Salisbury Hill HOLLOW WAY North-east of MWI14238 OVAL ENCLOSURE Brown's Farm MWI14207 Granham Hill RING DITCH North-east of MWI14195 SETTLEMENT Granham Farm MWI14202 Granham Hill RING DITCH

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 29 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

North-east of MWI14238 OVAL ENCLOSURE Brown's Farm MWI14233 Brown's Farm LINEAR FEATURE MWI13381 Granham Hill HILL FIGURE MWI14125 Marlborough Mount MOTTE AND BAILEY The Old Bowling MWI14177 Green on The ENCLOSURE Common MWI14133 Marlborough TOWN MWI14136 Preshute SETTLEMENT LANDSCAPE PARK, PARK, HA HA, POND, CONSERVATORY, Tottenham Park ORANGERY, FORMAL GARDEN, FOUNTAIN, SUMMERHOUSE, MWI19022 (Registered) DEER PARK, COLUMN, PARK PALE, WALLED GARDEN, FISHPOND, ZOO, ORCHARD LANDSCAPE PARK, PARK, HA HA, POND, CONSERVATORY, Tottenham Park ORANGERY, FORMAL GARDEN, FOUNTAIN, SUMMERHOUSE, MWI19022 (Registered) DEER PARK, COLUMN, PARK PALE, WALLED GARDEN, FISHPOND, ZOO, ORCHARD North-east of MWI14195 SETTLEMENT Granham Farm MWI14171 Preshute WATER MEADOW MWI14136 Preshute SETTLEMENT MWI14136 Preshute SETTLEMENT MWI14203 Salisbury Hill RING DITCH MWI14145 Pantawick SETTLEMENT LANDSCAPE PARK, PARK, HA HA, POND, CONSERVATORY, Tottenham Park ORANGERY, FORMAL GARDEN, FOUNTAIN, SUMMERHOUSE, MWI19022 (Registered) DEER PARK, COLUMN, PARK PALE, WALLED GARDEN, FISHPOND, ZOO, ORCHARD LANDSCAPE PARK, PARK, HA HA, POND, CONSERVATORY, Tottenham Park ORANGERY, FORMAL GARDEN, FOUNTAIN, SUMMERHOUSE, MWI19022 (Registered) DEER PARK, COLUMN, PARK PALE, WALLED GARDEN, FISHPOND, ZOO, ORCHARD LANDSCAPE PARK, PARK, HA HA, POND, CONSERVATORY, Tottenham Park ORANGERY, FORMAL GARDEN, FOUNTAIN, SUMMERHOUSE, MWI19022 (Registered) DEER PARK, COLUMN, PARK PALE, WALLED GARDEN, FISHPOND, ZOO, ORCHARD MWI14233 Brown's Farm LINEAR FEATURE MWI14233 Brown's Farm LINEAR FEATURE MWI14233 Brown's Farm LINEAR FEATURE MWI14233 Brown's Farm LINEAR FEATURE MWI14222 Salisbury Hill HOLLOW WAY MWI14222 Salisbury Hill HOLLOW WAY MWI14222 Salisbury Hill HOLLOW WAY MWI14222 Salisbury Hill HOLLOW WAY Marlborough College MWI14167 Grounds GARDEN, GROTTO (Registered) MWI14213 South of Pantawick SITE MWI14213 South of Pantawick SITE MWI14211 Postern Hill FIELD SYSTEM

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 30 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

MWI14109 Browns Farm VILLA MWI14109 Browns Farm VILLA North-west of MWI14206 TEMPLE Browns Farm North-west of MWI14206 TEMPLE Browns Farm North-west of MWI14206 TEMPLE Browns Farm MWI14109 Browns Farm VILLA MWI14109 Browns Farm VILLA MWI14109 Browns Farm VILLA MWI14109 Browns Farm VILLA MWI14233 Brown's Farm LINEAR FEATURE MWI14233 Brown's Farm LINEAR FEATURE MWI14233 Brown's Farm LINEAR FEATURE MWI14196 Granham Hill HOLLOW WAY MWI14196 Granham Hill HOLLOW WAY MWI14196 Granham Hill HOLLOW WAY MWI14196 Granham Hill HOLLOW WAY MWI14196 Granham Hill HOLLOW WAY MWI14196 Granham Hill HOLLOW WAY MWI14196 Granham Hill HOLLOW WAY North of Cotton MWI14235 RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURE House MWI13388 St John's School FINDSPOT MWI14174 St John's School POST HOLE Coombe End House MWI14046 Associated finds (now Court) Coombe End House MWI14162 FINDSPOT (now Court) Coombe End House MWI14120 PIT (now Court) MWI14163 2, New Road FINDSPOT 3 New Road, MWI14164 PIT Marlborough Undated pits at MWI14175 Preshute Lane, PIT Manton West of Browns MWI14074 FINDSPOT Farm Garden of 16 MWI14076 FINDSPOT George Lane Between Cardigan MWI14082 FINDSPOT Road & Back Lane MWI14084 St Margarets Mead BURIAL MWI14036 Gas Works FINDSPOT MWI14037 Granham Hill FINDSPOT MWI14043 Pantawick FINDSPOT MWI14047 Barton Farm FINDSPOT

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 31 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

MWI14057 East of Pantawick FINDSPOT South-east of MWI14058 FINDSPOT Pantawick North-west of MWI14060 FINDSPOT Browns Farm MWI14062 Pantawick, SE of FINDSPOT MWI14063 Granham Hill FINDSPOT MWI14088 The Green FINDSPOT Nr Coombe End MWI14092 ROAD House Marlborough College MWI14093 FINDSPOT Gymnasium South of MWI14096 FINDSPOT Summerfield MWI14099 The Gasworks MIDDEN MWI14100 Marlborough Mount FINDSPOT MWI14101 Granham Hill FINDSPOT MWI14103 Granham Hill FINDSPOT North-east of MWI14104 FINDSPOT Browns Farm MWI14105 Herd Street FINDSPOT MWI14106 Summerfield FINDSPOT MWI14108 St Marys Church FINDSPOT MWI14110 Treacle Bolly FINDSPOT Garden of 16 MWI14111 FINDSPOT George Lane MWI14113 Granham Hill BOWL BARROW Cricket Field, The MWI14122 FINDSPOT College Summerfield, Sun MWI14123 FINDSPOT Lane MWI14127 The Parade HOSPITAL, GRAMMAR SCHOOL MWI14128 99, High Street CHANTRY COLLEGE The Sanatorium At MWI13393 CEMETERY the College MWI13394 Pantawick SETTLEMENT Garden of MWI14168 Greenhithe, BURIAL Granham Hill South-west of MWI14170 WATER MEADOW Poulton South of MWI14130 FINDSPOT Summerfield MWI14144 Barton Farm SETTLEMENT Garden of 3, Isbury MWI14146 FINDSPOT Road St Margarets Priory, MWI14148 PRIORY Isbury Road Old School Gardens, MWI14149 PIT Herd Street MWI14038 Pantawick FINDSPOT

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 32 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

MWI14150 Burt's Yard FINDSPOT Old Tannery, Angel MWI14151 Associated finds Yard MWI14153 The Priory FRIARY MWI14223 Granham Hill LONG BARROW Former Gardens of MWI14115 Associated finds Wye House Former Garden of MWI14124 FINDSPOT Wye House Former garden of MWI14155 Associated finds Wye House Former garden of MWI14172 Associated finds Wye House Former garden of MWI14156 FINDSPOT Wye House The Police Station MWI14152 PIT George Lane Ducks Meadow, MWI14069 SETTLEMENT Isbury Road Waitrose MWI14157 Supermarket FINDSPOT Carpark Chandler's Yard, MWI13382 POST HOLE Back Lane Land East of MWI14078 Associated finds Salisbury Road Land East of MWI14116 Associated finds Salisbury Road MWI14159 111 High Street Associated finds South of the College MWI14160 Associated finds Tennis Court MWI14158 13 Silverless Street BURIAL Treetofts, Salisbury MWI14161 BUILDING Road, Marlboro Treetofts, Salisbury MWI13384 BUILDING Road, Marlboro Marlborough MWI13385 Landing Ground, AIRFIELD Brown's Farm St John's School MWI14080 grounds, Granham DITCH Hill Portfield, Cold MWI14112 FINDSPOT Harbour Lane MWI14121 95 London Road PIT MWI14091 St John's School FINDSPOT MWI14171 Preshute WATER MEADOW MWI14136 Preshute SETTLEMENT MWI14136 Preshute SETTLEMENT MWI14136 Preshute SETTLEMENT MWI14133 Marlborough TOWN MWI31536 Pillbox in PILLBOX (TYPE FW3/22)

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 33 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

Marlborough The Old Bowling MWI14177 Green on The ENCLOSURE Common The Old Bowling MWI14177 Green on The ENCLOSURE Common The Old Bowling MWI14177 Green on The ENCLOSURE Common MWI14202 Granham Hill RING DITCH MWI14207 Granham Hill RING DITCH MWI14203 Salisbury Hill RING DITCH

Her Events

EvUID Name EWI7297 Watching Brief Northwest of Brown's Farm EWI2619 THE GASWORKS EWI2620 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE EWI2621 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE EWI2622 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE EWI2623 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE EWI2624 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE EWI2625 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE EWI2626 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE EWI2627 MARLBOROUGH EWI2628 SANATORIUM THE COLLEGE EWI4319 Evaluation at 109 High Street, Marlborough EWI4324 Watching Brief on Test Pits at The Tannery, Angel Yard, Marlborough EWI4324 Watching Brief on Test Pits at The Tannery, Angel Yard, Marlborough EWI4324 Watching Brief on Test Pits at The Tannery, Angel Yard, Marlborough EWI4324 Watching Brief on Test Pits at The Tannery, Angel Yard, Marlborough EWI4324 Watching Brief on Test Pits at The Tannery, Angel Yard, Marlborough EWI2765 ST MARGARETS PRIORY EWI4333 Recording of a Burial at Granham Hill EWI4929 Wiltshire Archaeological Magazine (Wiltshire Heritage Studies) Volume 93, 105-119 EWI4987 Wiltshire Archaeological Magazine (Wiltshire Heritage Studies) Volume 93, 259 EWI4988 Wiltshire Archaeological Magazine (Wiltshire Heritage Studies) Volume 93, 259 EWI5093 Desk Based Assessment at 23-25 High Street, Marlborough EWI5410 Victoria County History of Wiltshire Volume XII, p162 EWI6458 ST MARGARETS PRIORY EWI6837 Watching Brief at 4-5 Angel Yard, Marlborough EWI6859 Magnetometer Survey at Land adjacent to Salisbury Road EWI6899 Archaeological Evaluation at Chantry Lane, Marlborough EWI6940 Archaeological Evaluation at York Lodge, High Street, Marlborough EWI5914 Watching Brief and Evaluation on Land at St John's School, Orchard Road, Marlborough

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 34 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

EWI6747 Watching Brief at The Heywood Block, Marlborough College Evaluation for the Proposed A345 Access Road for St John's School, Granham Hill, EWI6059 Marlborough EWI7277 Excavation on the Proposed A345 Access Road for St John's School EWI5736 Evaluation to the Rear of 111 High Street, Marlborough EWI4315 Evaluation of Land to the Rear of Wye House, Marlborough EWI4325 Watching Brief at The Police Station, George Lane, Marlborough EWI5102 Watching Brief on Land Adjacent to Tree Toft, Salisbury Road, Marlborough EWI5384 Evaluation at the Former Portman Building Society Premises, Marlborough EWI4329 Evaluation at Waitrose, High Street, Marlborough EWI5079 Watching Brief at Waitrose, High Street, Marlborough EWI6720 Watching Brief at 104-105 High Street, Marlborough EWI6219 Evaluation at the Proposed Riverbank Theatre, George Lane Car Park, Marlborough Desk Based Assessment and Archaeological Recording at the Marlborough Mound, EWI4312 Marlborough College EWI5733 Evaluation at Ducks Meadow, Marlborough EWI4331 Evaluation at Marlborough College Swimming Pool EWI4321 Evaluation at Old School Gardens, Herd Street, Marlborough EWI5389 Watching Brief at Marlborough College Pool, Marlborough EWI4332 Evaluation at Chandler's Yard, Back Lane, Marlborough EWI4314 Evaluation on Land East of Salisbury Road, Marlborough EWI6208 Evaluation at 95 London Road, Marlborough EWI6669 Watching Brief at Proposed New Staff Houses, Marlborough College EWI6724 Watching Brief at Preshute Garden Cottage EWI5748 Excavation at St Martin's Mews, Marlborough EWI7296 Excavation and Watching Brief at Kingsbury Hill House EWI5645 Evaluation on Land at Sempringham, Marlborough EWI3221 Assessment of Land at Cowbridge Estate (Burt's Yard), London Road EWI4323 Evaluation at Burt's Yard, Marlborough EWI5152 Evaluation at Treetoft, Salisbury Road, Marlborough EWI6179 Excavation on the Spiral Path on Marlborough Mound, Marlborough College EWI6076 Watching Brief at The New Art School Building at Marlborough College, Marlborough EWI978 Evaluation at Coombe End House, London Road, Marlborough EWI5812 Evaluation at 18 Salisbury Road, Marlborough EWI4318 Desk Based Assessment at Marlborough College EWI5794 Watching Brief at 2 New Road, Marlborough EWI5796 Watching Brief at 2 New Road, Marlborough EWI6661 Watching Brief at 3 New Road, Marlborough EWI6346 Watching Brief on Land Adjacent to 95 London Road, Marlborough

NMR Monuments

HOB_UID NAME DESCRIPTION Roman road running from Wickham to Batheaston. It can be 1030069 seen in places as sections of fine agger and by a striking

alignment of hedgerows usually followed by a parish

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 35 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

boundary. Parts of the course of the road can be seen as an earthwork on aerial photo Also known as the Kennet Valley Line, the Berks and Hants Extension was created to link Reading with the West country, BERKS AND HANTS 1359722 creating a more direct route. The extension ran from EXTENSION RAILWAY Hungerford, the terminus of the Berks and Hants branch line, to Devizes, and was c Dismantled Railway. This had its origin in 2 independent MIDLAND AND SOUTH companies. The Swindon, Marlborough and Andover Railway 971169 WESTERN JUNCTION was incorporated in 1873 and opened from Red Post Junction RAILWAY to Grafton on May 1st 1882, connecting through to Swindon in 1883. In 1884 it was A Roman bronze fragment found at Cold Harbour Lane, 969744 Portfield. 16th century pair of houses with mid 17th century interior features and late 17th and 18th century alterations with 19th 220677 THE MERCHANTS HOUSE century shop fronts. The building is of three storeys with an attic. The triple gabled front is tile-hung with shaped tiles to the up Lodge to Marlborough College designed and constructed by 1062813 THE PORTERS LODGE G.E Street. 220644 Fragment of Ro carved stone

Gatepiers, gates and railings at Marlborough College 1062814 designed and erected by G.E Street in 1876-7. 220681 43 KINGSBURY STREET House circa 1654-6 THE GEORGIAN Early 18th century tile hung house of three storeys. Altered 538092 RESTAURANT early 19 and 20th century, now in use as a restaurant. 220633 COOLE BRIDGE Modern bridge on site of Md bridge Two probable post medieval clay pits visible as an earthwork 1465505 and mapped from lidar imagery as part of the English

Heritage: Savernake Forest NMP project. (1) A single probable post medieval pit visible as an earthwork 1465500 and mapped from lidar imagery as part of the English

Heritage: Savernake Forest NMP project. THE HERMITAGE AND 220679 C17 houses including stables and wall HYDE CLOSE 220557 IA bronze brooch

Lower Palaeolithic handaxe found at gas works in 969747 Marlborough. Object was found on the floodplain geology Roman pottery dating from the 1st to the 3rd century was 220603 found along witha coin near Coombe End House. 969743 Treacle Bolley, Roman coin.

Medieval and Post Medieval Town. Marlborough is mentioned in 1070. A charter was granted to the town in 1204 by King 902755 MARLBOROUGH John, which included the right to an annual fair and weekly market. Henry 111 granted a second fair in 1229 and a third was granted in 1 1315989 7 Kingsbury Street is probably 18th or 19th century in origin.

Medieval or post medieval hollow ways climbing Salisbury Hill. Visible as braided earthwork tracks on aerial photographs, 1465199 these were mapped as part of the English Heritage: Savernake Forest NMP project. 969751 SW of school, Late Bronze Age sherd.

1160492 Boundary wall, rails, piers, gates and overthrow to street of

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 36 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

Congregational Chapel. The wall is low and rendered with brick piers with stone caps. The iron, spearhead railings are early 19th century and the gates have concave top bar spearhead rails and 19thc farmhouse. 15thc thatched timber barn. 18thc stables 220684 BARTON FARM and granary. Romano British surface finds may indicate a possible 220560 settlement site. Numerous earthworks may represent

quarrying. A hoard of at least 531AE coins, ranging from Licinius (AD 308-24) to Constantine II (AD 337-40), in mint condition, was 220517 found in 1890, buried in an earthen pot on Grantham Hill. Most

of the coins were formerly in the J W Brook collection, this collecti Debris from a building of Roman or Early Medieval date found in 1888 while levelling the ground for a tennis court at 220542 Summerfield House. Finds included roofing tiles, nails, pottery,

a coin of Trojan and a Saxon 'styca' (coin). Although occasionally sugg 969754 Pantawick, Mesolithic flint implements.

NOS 36 AND 37 HIGH 220682 Early C18 frontage on older building STREET 3-4 High Street consists of two narrow timber-framed ranges, originally of two storeys, built end to end and parallel to the 1187681 3-4 HIGH STREET street. The two ranges share a central truss supported on a brick party wall. The latter feature is probably a remant of two earl 1 -1a The Green. Two 18th century brick built houses on the north side of The Green. Number 1 is two stories with a tile 220676 roof and is listed grade II. Number 1 is three stories with a

hipped slate roof and is listed grade II*. It has been used as council 220561 Roman Relief of Fortuna, carved in stone, built into church

The four buildings formed a block whose frontage seemed circa 1800. On 1.1.93, fire damaged most of the properties, 618117 121-124 HIGH STREET but also uncovered evidence of early rebuilding. Number 121 appears the oldest building and all were remodelled in the late 18th or early House dated 1776, thought to be a refronting of an older 515927 building, with a 19th century shop front. Built of vitrified and

red brick. NOS 142 AND 143 HIGH 220678 C18 houses STREET 220551 Alleged Romano British settlement site.

Small Second World War reinforced concrete pillbox set low 1424936 by brick wall, adjacent to shop Kingsbury Street, Marlborough. Cropmarks of an incomplete double ditched polygonal enclosure thought to be Prehistoric or Roman in date which 1465144 was mapped from aerial photographs as part of the English Heritage: Savernake Forest NMP project. A fragment of a Neolithic stone axe found at Barton Farm in or 220588 before 1943, is in Devizes Museum. Earthwork remains of a linear bank of uncertain date mapped 1465396 from mapped from lidar imagery as part of the English

Heritage: Savernake Forest NMP project. Early Medieval Marlborough. There is evidence that 1108948 MARLBOROUGH Marlborough was a pre-Conquest settlement. The place name

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 37 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

Kingsbury suggests the presence of a royal residence. Domesday records Marlborough as a royal estate, which extended from the Kennet north and so ST KATHERINES Remains of 15th century chantry priest's house with later 220573 CHANTRY alterations Second World War Pillbox situated in a wall in Kingsbury 1193874 Street, Marlborough. The loopholes have been filled in. Grotto at the base of the castle mound in the grounds of Marlborough College. It was originally part of the late 1062875 17th/early 18th century garden design for Marlborough Castle

House and comprises a domical vaulted roof and round headed niche. NOS 10 AND 11 220680 Late C18 houses KINGSBURY STREET 969737 Barton Farm, Roman brooch.

Considerable numbers of prehistoric flints found 1899 and again in the early 1920s, latterly by Graham Clark, in the 220523 Brown's Farm - Granham Hill - Panterwick area and environs.

The whereabouts of the finds is uncertain, though some of Clark's are said to Built between 1871-1872 and currently in use as a dormitory for Marlborough College. Constructed of concrete (to a 1013309 COTTON HOUSE method patented by Charles Drake in 1868) in Arts and Crafts style. The architect was G.E. Street. Lower Palaeolithic handaxe found, in 1923, opposite 969746 Marlborough College on the north side of Granham Hill. Chapel at Marlborough College constructed in 1883-6 by 1062823 Bodley and Garner replacing a chapel constructed by Blore

during the 1840s. 220496 IA brooch and coins

Second World War Type 22 Pillbox. Constructed in concrete on the banks of the river Kennet at the junction of Pewsey 1193871 Road and George Lane. Loopholes on the George Lane side

are still visible but the pavement has been raised covering the lower parts of th An Early Bronze Age copper flat axehead in Devizes Museum 1348473 was purchased prior to 1934 from a Miss May of Marlborough.

No further details. 220541 Me (or later)perforated macehead

Site of Carmelite Friary founded circa 1316. At its suppression in 1538 it was recorded as being dilapidated. It was finally MARLBOROUGH 220570 demolished in 1820, and there is documentary evidence that WHITEFRIARS some fragments were re-used in the Priory, a 19th century house built Designed by W.G Newton in 1921, constructed in 1925. Part 1062877 MEMORIAL HALL of Marlborough College. Remains of a late 17th/early 18th century garden to Marlborough Castle House, which now form part of the 619086 grounds of Marlborough College. Formal gardens were laid

out to the north west and south east of the house, and included a parterre and gazons coupes Site of railway station on the Midland and South Western MARLBOROUGH LOW 502658 Junction Railway opened in 1882, closed to passengers in LEVEL STATION 1961 and fully closed in 1969. A large mound, possibly a motte and bailey within the grounds 220514 THE MOUNT of Marlborough College. The first documentary evidence for the existence of a castle is during the reign of King Stephen,

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 38 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

who held it in 1139 from the Empress Matilda. It is possible that it e 969755 Roman and Bronze Age pottery was found on Posterne Hill.

Building designed by Edward Blore in 1845-50, with additions 1062807 B HOUSE by Edwin H Crocker carried out during the 1880s. Part of Marlborough College. The cropmarks of a winged Roman villa was discovered during the drought of 1975 at Browns Farm by aerial 969756 photography and subsequent fieldwork. Tiles, tesserae and

2nd to 4th century AD potsherds were found on the surface. The villa, compound enclosure a A Middle Bronze Age palstave from the Marlborough area is in 1348461 Devizes Museum. A mound on Granham Hill has been suggested to be a possible long barrow. It is 76 metres long, 13 metres wide, 220612 and up to 2.3 metres high at the eastern end and 3.1 metres

high at the western end. It has suffered damage from the presence of a parish bound Outhouse to rear of No.133 High Street, which was probably built in the 17th century. It is partly timber-framed with 513885 chequered brick, the rear being tile-hung. The two-storey building has a pitched old tile roof with three gables. Former Wesleyan chapel built in 1816, polygonal rear aded in 1872, and superseded by the adjacent chapel in 1910, after 1487723 which it became a Masonic Hall. Red brick. Pitched slate roof.

1 storey to Oxford Street, capped by moulded stone cornice and brick MARLBOROUGH OPEN The Marlborough open air pool opened in 1919. It was 1440993 AIR POOL demolished in the late 20th Century. Building designed in 1871-2, constructed in 1873 by G.E 1062818 BRADLEIAN BUILDING Street. Part of Marlborough College. This church, along with St Mary's and St George's (Preshute) was one of those devised upon the Bishop of Salisbury by the CHURCH OF ST PETER 220674 Bishop of East Anglia in or before 1091. AND ST PAUL Extant in 1232, the church is now mainly a mid or late 15th century rebuild. Plan of aisled Arcade linking the Museum Block and Bradleian Building at 1062817 Marlborough College, designed in 1871-2 by G.E Street, and

constructed in 1874. Founded 1160, probably on the site of an earlier church documented in 1091. Plan of aisled nave, chancel and West 220675 ST MARYS CHURCH tower. The aisles are 15th century, and the South arcade is of 1653 following a fire which caused much destruction and required heightening Building designed and constructed by Edward Blore in 1845- 1062849 A HOUSE 50, with additions carried in the 1880s by Edwin H Crocker. The figure was cut in 1804 by boys from a school run by a Mr Greasley, the figure was annually scoured by boys from the 1248725 MARLBOROUGH HORSE school until Greasley's death in 1830. In 1873 the figure was restored, since then the figure has been scoured regularly, it is now ma Building constructed in 1893 by Thomas Garner, part of 1062821 NORTH BLOCK Marlborough College An unusual small industrial complex in the town centre. At the front of the site is a 17th century timber-framed house 1305659 KATHARINE HOUSE (Katharine House), now a shop. This prominent building faces a small square, has 2-storeys plus an attic, and about 3 bays.

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 39 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

It has a ti Parish church of Preshute. This church, along with St Mary's and St Peter's churches, was probably one of those churches 969753 ST GEORGES CHURCH `devised' by Bishop William Beaufay of East Anglia, (died 1091), to Bishop Osmund of Salisbury. 12th century 4-bay arcade, 15th centu 220582 IA silver coin

A small priory of probably not more than 5 or 6 Gilbertine canons dedicated to St Margaret. Founded 1199-1200 , 220545 ST MARGARETS PRIORY dissolved 1539. Situated south of the town on the south bank of the Kennet. A Palaeolithic knife-blade of Broom chert, found at 220548 Marlborough. The lower storey of the Marlborough College Gymnasium incorporates the former Town Gaol. The gymnasium was built 1142691 TOWN GAOL in 1908. The architect was C. E. Ponting. It is constructed in chequer brick with rusticated rubbed brick pilasters, and a pitched slate roof 220526 PANTAWICK Alleged Romano British settlement. Building designed and constructed by William White in 1863, 1062864 THE OLD SICK HOUSE part of Marlborough College. Designed and constructed by Edward Blore in 1845-50 with 1062861 THE MASTERS LODGE additions carried out during the 1860s by William White. Late Mediaeval anchorite cell and two hermitages. One of 220659 these was in Sun Lane, now Hyde Lane. The Hermitage,

although not Mediaeval, may occupy the site in Hyde Lane. A doubtful barrow of Bronze Age date. Romano British pottery 220627 was found. Site of railway station on the Marlborough and Savernake line, MARLBOROUGH HIGH 502657 (later the Andversford and Andover line) opened in 1864, LEVEL STATION closed to passenger traffic in 1933 and to all traffic in 1964. Country house constructed in 1699 on the site of an earlier MARLBOROUGH CASTLE house which was constructed in 1621. The house was used 220683 HOUSE as a coaching inn between 1750 and 1843, and then as a private school, known as Marlborough College from 1843. Eighteenth century stables to Marlborough Castle House. Now 1062873 part of Marlborough College. CONGREGATIONAL Congregational chapel built in 1817. It has two storeys of brick 1159700 CHAPEL with a hipped tiled roof. Trapezoidal enclosure of a probable Medieval bowling green. 220508 Roman pottery has been found. 220647 Anchoresses cell recorded at Preshute in 1215.

An iron padlock key of Early Medieval date was found in the 969740 Summerfield area of Marlborough. It is now in Devizes

Museum. Science block of Marlborough College, built in 1933 of SCIENCE BLOCK AT reinforced-concrete and brick in a `functional' style to designs 1013306 MARLBOROUGH by Professor W G Newton. It comprises a three-storeyed, COLLEGE rectangular, central block with four two-storeyed wings on each side. The cent Museum block of Marlborough College originally designed by 1062809 MUSEUM BLOCK G.E Street and executed by A.E Stret and A.W Blomfield. Additions of 1880s carried out by Edwin H Crocker. A Late Bronze Age socketed bronze axehead found in the 1348465 Marlborough area in circa 1908. Now in Devizes Museum. 220585 A silver sceatta date was found near Marlborough circa 1850.

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 40 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

A 16th century school is built on the site of a hospital founded 220567 ST JOHNS HOSPITAL in 1215 and dissolved in 1548.

NMR Events

ACT_UID NAME DESCRIPTION 1337485 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE

REAR OF THE ROYAL OAK, 1337248 111 HIGH STREET An archaeological watching brief was carried out during MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE: 1485910 groundworks for a new art school building. No pre-19th NEW ART SCHOOL BUILDING century material was recovered. Site code: BDM06. Monitoring of development MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE, 1462110 groundworks recorded no significant archaeological BARTON DENE activity. Information from OASIS Online Form. FORMER PORTMAN 1379561 BUILDING SOCIETY

PREMISES 1376266 LAND AT MARLBOROUGH

904354 MARLBOROUGH

1435835 LAND AT SEMPRINGHAM

1073599 GEORGE LANE

Site code: 56090. Seven trenches excavated, recording a Mesolithic flint scatter of 91 pieces and a Romano-British COOMBE END HOUSE, 1485853 pit. LONDON ROAD

NMR Microfilm Index; PRN: 13913. MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE 1352382 SWIMMING POOL 644761 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE

LAND ADJACENT TO 95 Monitoring of development groundworks recorded 18th- 1498781 LONDON ROAD 19th century features and finds. SMR No: 2005.131. 644765 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE

644901 ST MARGARET'S PRIORY

Site code: PGM08. Monitoring of development groundworks recorded two undated pits. Information from PRESHUTE GARDEN 1498626 OASIS Online Form. COTTAGE, MANTON

NMR Microfilm Index; PRN: 14669. Site code: 57040. A watching brief was carried out during the excavation of two service trenches. No archaeology COOMBE END HOUSE, 1534179 was encountered. LONDON ROAD

NMR Microfilm Index; PRN: 13913. DUCKS MEADOW, 1105913 MARLBOROUGH MARLBOROUGH MOUND, Site code: 69920. Evaluation and watching brief during 1522002 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE works at the mound recorded no significant archaeology. Site code: 65260. A watching brief was carried out in two stages during demolition and groundworks for new residential development. A medieval pit, and undated 1492363 LAND AT 3 NEW ROAD features and deposits were recorded.

NMR Microfilm Index; PRN: 11132.

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 41 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

Site code: AYM10. Monitoring of redevelopment groundworks recorded a possible burgage boundary ditch 1556498 LAND AT 4-5 ANGEL YARD as well as elements of the later tannery. Information from OASIS Online Form. LAND EAST OF SALISBURY 1261649 ROAD BURTS YARD, 878585 MARLBOROUGH MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE: 1357118 NEW MUSIC SCHOOL 1324740 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE

Site code: CLM10. Two trenches excavated, revealing a 1566277 LAND AT CHANTRY LANE number of pits of 13th-14th century date. Information from OASIS Online Form. 644767 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE

1337490 MARLBOROUGH MOUNT

A number of parallel linear features were observed along a LAND AT ST JOHN'S section of the proposed A345 access road. These 1528331 SCHOOL, GRANTHAM HILL appeared to represent post-medieval and/or modern agricultural activity. 644760 THE GASWORKS

MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE, A watching brief was carried out during groundworks at the 1541524 THE HEYWOOD BLOCK site. No archaeology was encountered. 644763 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE

905866 109 HIGH STREET

GRANHAM HILL, 1332486 MALBOROUGH 644768 44 HIGH STREET

OLD SCHOOL GARDENS, 915815 HERD STREET LAND ADJACENT TO 'TREE 1386408 TOFT', SALISBURY ROAD Evaluation in association with geotechnical works recorded LAND AT ST. JOHN'S 1470094 three possible undated post holes and a probable post- SCHOOL, ORCHARD ROAD medieval furrow. Evaluation in advance of a new residential development 1470090 18 SALISBURY ROAD did not record any sugnificant archaeology. 905865 BEHIND 108-9 HIGH STREET

644769 SANATORIUM THE COLLEGE

WAITROSE STORE, HIGH 1340379 STREET REAR OF WYE HOUSE, 1128871 DEVELOPMENT CELLS A B &

D COWBRIDGE ESTATE 1307669 (BURTS YARD), LONDON

ROAD, MARLBOROUGH CHANDLER'S YARD, BACK 1160737 LANE Monitoring of development groundworks recorded 1443669 LAND AT 2 NEW ROAD medieval finds and post-medieval features. Site code: YHM12. Two trenches excavated, recording a 1568097 YORK LODGE, HIGH STREET possible medieval pit and a post-medieval or later wall footing. Information from OASIS Online Form.

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 42 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Granham Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire

Site code: 59000. Evaluation in advance of proposed development recorded a shallow Romano-British pit. 1495978 LAND AT 95 LONDON ROAD

NMR Microfilm Index; PRN: 12976. Site code: 57200. Single trench excavated across the spiral path, recording 17th century activity only. MARLBOROUGH MOUND 1409321 Commissioned by the Marlborough Mound Trust. (SPIRAL PATH)

NMR Microfilm Index; PRN: 9869. Site code: 59450. Excavation within the footprint of a new COOMBE END HOUSE, daycare centre recovered 41 pieces of worked flint. 1534181 LONDON ROAD NMR Microfilm Index; PRN: 13913. Five trenches excavated for the proposed A345 access ST JOHN'S SCHOOL, 1485864 road to the school, recording two prehistoric ditches and a GRANHAM HILL possible pit base. THE TANNERY, ANGEL 1332502 YARD, MARLBOROUGH LAND AT 'TREE TOFT', 1367080 SALISBURY ROAD WAITROSE STORE, HIGH 1212766 STREET 644764 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE

Salvage recording following the discovery of a burial ST MARTIN'S MEWS, 23-25 1443682 identified further inhumations associated with the Carmelite HIGH STREET priory. MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE 1362744 SWIMMING POOL 644762 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE

644771 GRANHAM HILL

644766 MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE

LAND ADJACENT TO Survey carried out over 6ha in advance of proposed 1558216 SALISBURY ROAD development. Information from OASIS Online Form. PROPOSED RIVERBANK Evaluation in advance of proposed development recorded 1495980 THEATRE, GEORGE LANE no significant archaeology. CAR PARK

CgMs Consulting HS/16591 43