Issue No. 4 Fall 2019

Enterprise Report Restoring Liberty, Opportunity, and Enterprise in America

Cultivating Free Enterprise By AEI President Robert Doar

While it has been a busy summer here at AEI, I did manage to get away at the end of August to spend some time at our family’s Hudson Valley farm in northern Dutchess County, New York. There, the principle activity is work. We make hay, fix fence lines, mow lawns, and repair stone walls. Now, we also host parties, swim in the pond, and run races, so it isn’t all work. And the hardest worker of us all is not actually a Doar. It’s my wife Sara’s 81-year- old mother Julie, the real farmer, who still manages the Silamar Farm stand on Route 22 every day, offering everything from vegetables and flowers to pies and ice cream. Julie, who can still finish theNew York Times crossword as fast as any AEI scholar, reminds us that life is like the farm, where the work is never done, challenges persist, and the fruits of one’s labor are typically realized only after many months of hard work. I’ve been reflecting on these truths back in Washington: our job at AEI is never done. There are no permanent victories in the competition of ideas, and real progress only comes with hard work. Even as the benefits of free enterprise, Robert Doar, AEI President and Morgridge Scholar

individual liberty, and the rule of law are self-evident to many of us, we must remind each successive generation of the ideals of classical liberalism, the frameworks of American constitutionalism, and the virtues of a true market-based economy. We must be vigilant in defending our principles in the public square and vigorously make the case that free enterprise and limited government are the solution to, not the cause of, the challenges “Today, one of the primary facing our country and the world. threats to the future of free Today, one of the primary threats to the future of free enterprise comes from the enterprise comes growing belief among young people that capitalism is deeply flawed. I am proud that AEI from the growing belief scholars are on the forefront of efforts to combat this trend through their research, analysis, among young people that and deep engagement with young people through our extensive student programming. capitalism is deeply flawed. In this Enterprise Report, you will read how our internship program and growing I am proud that AEI outreach to AEI alumni are now connecting thousands of students and young people scholars are on the with ideas promoting the free enterprise system and America’s founding principles. forefront of efforts to The incredible and fast-growing demand for these programs speaks to the fact that young combat this trend through people today are hungry for educational opportunities based in open intellectual inquiry, their research, analysis, timeless principles, and civil discourse. and deep engagement You will also read about major initiatives led by AEI’s Education Policy Studies scholars with young people through to build and expand robust networks of education thought leaders and practitioners from our extensive student around the country. These programs not only enable AEI scholars to broaden the impact programming.” of their own work but also lay the foundation for a new multidisciplinary generation of education policy leaders who will influence the debates of tomorrow. Of course, all our outreach programs and impact are fueled by AEI scholars’ great work. To that end, I am thrilled to announce a new slate of resident and visiting scholars in AEI’s Social, Cultural, and Constitutional Studies division. Their work will broaden and deepen our understanding of the principles that underlie American life and the challenges facing our society while restating for the next generation the principles that have made America great. In addition to these scholars, new visiting scholars and fellows including Paul Ryan (former Speaker of the House), Glenn Hubbard (former chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers), and Ian Rowe (founder of Public Prep Charter Schools) will bolster AEI’s work in economics, entitlements, health care, and education. I have returned to AEI and Washington invigorated by my time on the farm and fortified by the tremendous support from the AEI community. Let’s get to work, New Resident and Visiting Scholars Join Social, Cultural, and Constitutional Studies

AEI’s newly launched Social, Cultural, and is a leading conservative J. D. Vance is Constitutional Studies (SCCS) research thinker and writer, a New York Times bestselling author of Hillbilly Elegy: division, led by Yuval Levin, has brought columnist, and most recently author of A Memoir of a Family and Culture in onboard several new AEI resident and To Change the Church: Pope Francis Crisis (Harper, 2016). He is a social critic, visiting scholars and fellows. and the Future of Catholicism (Simon & investor, and activist. At AEI, Vance will Schuster, 2018). He will work on a write a book on men and fatherhood Matthew Continetti is a new resident book about decadence as a way of in America as a way of understanding fellow at AEI. He is a prominent journalist, understanding American culture. current social crises. analyst, author, and intellectual historian of the right. He has been the editor-in-chief Diana Schaub is a political scientist at Greg Weiner is a professor of political of the Washington Free Beacon and was Loyola College in Maryland and one and provost at Assumption an editor at . At AEI, of America’s leading political theorists. College and most recently the author of he will serve as an in-house historian of the She is most recently the coeditor of Old Whigs: Burke, Lincoln, and the American right to ground the ongoing What So Proudly We Hail: The American Politics of Prudence (Encounter, 2019). debates about the future of the right. He Soul in Story, Speech, and Song Weiner will pursue a research agenda will be working on a book about the roots (Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2013). focused on constitutional revival. of today’s intra-conservative debates, At AEI, Schaub will focus on a book about particularly in the intellectual history of Abraham Lincoln. the 1970s. Continetti will also host a series of high-profile events at AEI to convene at AEI the right’s leading thinkers to discuss conservatism’s past, present, and future. The Social, Cultural, and Constitutional Studies division at AEI now houses National Affairs, a quarterly magazine founded by Yuval Levin in 2009 and Visiting Scholars and Fellows the conservative movement’s premier policy journal. National Affairs just Michael Brendan Dougherty is a released its 10th anniversary edition, which includes contributions from journalist, the author of My Father Left new AEI Visiting Scholar Greg Weiner on morality versus moralism, Robert Me Ireland: An American Son’s Search George (Princeton University) and Ryan Anderson (Heritage Foundation) for Home (Sentinel, 2019), and senior on the virtues of liberalism, Ruth Weiss (Harvard University) on , writer at . At AEI, he Samuel Hammond (Niskanen Center) on the China shock, and Jonathan will begin a project on the republican Rauch (Brookings Institution) on polarization. tradition in American political life.

Paul Ryan Joins AEI as Distinguished Visiting Fellow

“I am delighted that Paul Ryan will be joining AEI. Paul was a policy innovator throughout his career in Congress, and we look forward to having him continue his important work at AEI. I know that he will bring his passion, experience, and knowledge to AEI, and we will be the better for it.” —Daniel A. D’Aniello, Chairman

Paul Ryan, who served as the Speaker of the US House of Representatives from October 2015 to January 2019, has joined AEI as distinguished visiting fellow in the practice of public policy. He is also a professor of the practice at the University of Notre Dame, where he is teaching political science and economics. At AEI, Ryan will focus on opportunity, mobility, the social safety net, and entitlement reform.

3 Internships AEI Shapes Future Leaders

Wage to $15 an hour will reduce job creation and hurt low-skilled workers;” and 2) “In the future, international treaties such as NATO, NAFTA, and the TPP should be a high priority for the United States to establish and maintain peaceful and successful international relations with other countries.” Interns formed teams to prepare for debate preparation on the resolutions, conducting research and creating counterarguments and questions for the other side. More AEI’s internship program annually summarized AEI research for than 100 interns, staff, and scholars receives more than 5,000 applications roundups and memos distributed from AEI and Brookings attended for approximately 175 intern positions to policymakers, and attended the debate. (spread over the spring, summer, and fall) networking events with policymakers. from 82 colleges and universities—an For the first time this summer, AEI acceptance rate of less than 4 percent. • Interns for AEI’s Critical Threats offered scholarships to talented students Over the summer, AEI welcomed Project (CTP) contributed to daily who would otherwise not be able to 63 interns to pursue meaningful threat assessments on the conflict participate in an AEI internship due to projects in collaboration with AEI scholars in Yemen, tracked developments financial restrictions. AEI awarded and staff. Schools represented included in the coup d’état in the capital $1,000 monthly stipends to six students Columbia University, Dartmouth College, city of Aden in real time, and from schools including the City University Northwestern University, Duke University, produced useful analysis that of New York, Vanderbilt University, the University of Notre Dame, and the contributed to CTP’s final analysis Hamilton College, Dartmouth College, University of California, Berkeley. This of the situation. and the . fall, we are welcoming 52 interns from In addition to their work with colleges around the country. • An intern for AEI Research Fellow AEI scholars and staff, interns are offered Rebecca Burgess assisted in produc- regular professional and educational “My AEI internship was one of the most ing an interactive map illustrating the development events including weekly valuable and rewarding experiences location of Veterans Affairs medical meetings and career development talks I’ve had. Not only did it help me learn centers and veterans’ population from AEI scholars and staff, resume review more about the issues facing America density, collaborating closely with and mock interviews, and site visits and potential solutions, but it pushed AEI’s graphic design and web teams. around Washington, such as the me to learn more about my own The resulting map was released to Pentagon, US Capitol, White House, passions and interests.” coincide with the implementation of and Library of Congress. —Summer 2019 intern, Williams College ’20 the 2019 MISSION Act in June 2019 The intern program creates an and has been viewed more than incredible talent pipeline for AEI. The AEI internship experience focuses 10,000 times on AEI’s website, help- Of 33 assistant and associate positions on substantive research and projects, not ing drive interest in Burgess’ work. filled in the past year, eight were former administrative tasks. Projects undertaken AEI interns—comprising nearly a quarter of by summer 2019 interns included: • AEI interns collaborated to lead the our entry-level hires. first-ever AEI–Brookings Institution Visit www.aei.org/internships • Government relations interns Intern Debate. The debate featured to learn more about AEI internship accompanied AEI scholars to Capitol discussion on two resolutions: opportunities. Internship applications Hill for testimonies and briefings, 1) “Raising the Federal Minimum are accepted on a rolling basis.

4

Legacy Gift AEI Expands Alumni Offerings Establishes

AEI is expanding our offerings to keep volunteer to serve as a mentor or mentee. Next Generation former employees, interns, and These relationships are meant to provide Endowment Fund Academic Programs participants valuable support and guidance to alumni better connected with AEI and each mentees as they navigate their careers. AEI recently established the Next other throughout their professional lives. Generation Endowment Fund with a In July, we hosted the first-ever AEI Reading Series. The AEI Alumni generous bequest intention from alumni reception at AEI headquarters. Reading Series will bring together an David C. Knight, who served as AEI’s More than 200 AEI alumni attended, intimate group of AEI alumni for a director of development in the 1980s. ranging from former interns and discussion over readings on both recent The bequest was inspired by Knight’s employees now serving in senior policy issues and timeless topics. time at AEI and his desire to guarantee roles in government, media, and Yuval Levin will lead the first reading future generations of young people the business to recent college graduates. series. Participants in the reading series same opportunity to intern and study This fall, we are launching new are selected through a competitive with AEI scholars. opportunities for AEI alumni. application process. In making this bequest, Knight said:

Mentorship Program. This program For more information on any of AEI’s “AEI’s interns are the lifeblood of the will cultivate meaningful, professional alumni offerings, contact Jane Brady future and, with it, the AEI mission mentor and mentee relationships among Knight at [email protected]. that is so vital to the free enterprise AEI’s most accomplished alumni. Alumni movement. I hope this planned gift will of all AEI programs and career fields can help ensure that AEI’s work continues to shape future generations with the Betsy DeVos, Kellyanne Conway, Discuss principles of free enterprise, individual liberty, and the importance of an open Educational Freedom at AEI Event competition of ideas.”

The Next Generation Endowment Fund will ensure that AEI continues identifying, mentoring, and developing the next generation of policy practitioners, scholars, and strategists with the ideals of freedom and free enterprise well into the future. The fund will support the best avenues for outreach, such as AEI’s internship program; campus outreach, which includes hundreds of student leaders on campuses across the country; and the On October 1, Secretary of Education discussion moderated by AEI’s Nat Summer Honors Program, which annually Betsy DeVos, White House Senior Malkus with a group of state leaders, brings hundreds of competitively selected Counselor Kellyanne Conway, and several including Tennessee Representative students to AEI for policy education and state decision makers gathered at AEI for John DeBarry, Pennsylvania Speaker of leadership training. a public discussion on Secretary DeVos’ the House Mike Turzai, and Arizona If you are interested in making a current recent proposal for Education Freedom Treasurer Kimberly Lee. The event was contribution or planned or estate gift to the Scholarships, a federal tax credit school attended by more than 100 people, Next Generation Endowment Fund, or if choice initiative. Robert Doar opened the film crews from CNN, CSPAN, you would like more information on ways event with an introduction of Secretary Getty Images, and Cronkite News, to give to AEI through an estate or planned DeVos, who participated in a discussion and was viewed by nearly 550 people gift, please contact Nicole Ruman Skinner with Conway moderated by AEI Director via livestream. at [email protected]. of Education Policy Studies Rick Hess. The event concluded with a panel

5 & your foundation doesn’t go off course is to set a termination date—and the earlier Q that date, the more protected you will be. Kim Dennis Better yet, give more away while you are alive. Not only does this ensure your philanthropic dollars will be spent the AAEI recently welcomed Kim Dennis to our Board of Trustees. Since way you want, but it also establishes a 1996, she has served as president and CEO of the Searle Freedom pattern for those you entrust with your Trust, a grant-making foundation established by the late Daniel C. resources to follow after you are gone. Searle to support public policy research. From 2002 to 2006, she also directed the National Research Initiative, a Searle-funded What motivates you to work in program of AEI. Dennis first began working in the grant-making philanthropy? arena in 1980 as a staffer for the John M. Olin Foundation and When you work in philanthropy, you later became the first executive director of the Philanthropy are essentially connecting one person’s Roundtable. She cofounded and serves as chairman of the board resources to other people’s talents in of Donors Trust and serves as an officer of its sister organization, Donors Capital Fund. pursuit of a purpose defined by the donor. She has also served on the boards of the Arthur N. Rupe Foundation, the Earhart It’s not your money, your talent, or your Foundation, the W.H. Brady Foundation, the Philanthropy Roundtable, the Property vision. To be motivated to work in and Environment Research Center, and George Mason University. philanthropy, you must be able to embrace that. Since I’m not rich, have very little talent, and wholeheartedly share Dan What is AEI’s role among think tanks There are no perfect metrics to predict Searle’s vision, that’s easy for me to do. and within the broader policy world? that; it’s more a matter of judgment that Nothing is more rewarding to me than Among think tanks, AEI represents what comes from developing an awareness helping other people succeed in putting we all wish America could be more like over time of the strengths and weak- Dan Searle’s resources to use on behalf of these days—a place for civil conversation nesses of the various policy organizations, his mission. The trust will sunset in 2025, and thoughtful debate. Rather than stake closely following the work of their which gives us six years to make this coun- out dogmatic positions, AEI searches scholars, and having a sense of what try a freer place for the next generation. If across ideologies and disciplines for policy issues are more or less likely to that’s not motivating, I don’t know what is. workable solutions based on solid gain traction at any given time. evidence and analysis. It is like the What is your favorite AEI memory? grown-up of the think tank world. One There are many examples of major I might as well be honest; my favorite of the Institute’s greatest strengths in my charitable foundations straying from memories are of the martini parties that opinion is that there is no AEI party line. their founders’ original intent. What David Gerson and I used to throw in my advice do you give to donors who want AEI’s own scholars often disagree with office after hours, when assorted scholars to safeguard their legacy? one another, and their (mostly) friendly and assistants would happen by and join First of all, a clear, tight mission statement internal debates set the tone for their in the festivities. I also loved dancing to is essential. Next is a governing document discussions outside AEI’s walls. Eric Felten’s orchestra at the annual that makes sure the right procedures are dinners. Speaking of the annual dinners, In your role as president and CEO of in place to ensure your intent is upheld. my favorite Irving Kristol lecture ever Searle Freedom Trust, how do you evalu- But no matter how much you get right on was Charles Murray’s, in part because ate the impact of potential grantees? paper, ultimately you will be beholden to it was a great talk, but also because Evaluating public policy efforts is more of people to carry out your wishes. So who it was the shortest Kristol lecture I an art than a science. We look at grants you appoint to your board—and to your can remember. on two dimensions—quality and impact. staff if you have one—is critical, and the Often a study or project we fund is of procedures you put in place for replacing How have things changed or very high quality but for whatever reason them are just as critical. stayed the same at AEI over your doesn’t have much influence. Sometimes In the end, though, I have one over- two decade affiliation? a grant will result in a product that gets arching piece of advice: sunset. Over I see AEI’s evolution during this time in more attention than we think it actually time, just about every foundation will stray three phases: the DeMuthian, the deserves. Ideally, you are looking for from the donor’s intent as the memory of Arthurian, and now the Doarian. I am projects that are likely to end up in the that individual fades and is replaced by guessing the Dorian is going to be upper right-hand quadrant: high quality the motivations of the people in charge of more like the DeMuthian. Except in a and high impact. the spending. The only way to make sure prettier building.

6 “The Education Policy Academy AEI Education Policy Studies is a rare opportunity to engage with other young education Convenes Practitioners, Researchers researchers on fundamental questions regarding how best AEI Education Policy Studies is leading to translate research into several major initiatives that seek to policymaking. The sessions connect AEI scholars’ research to were deeply engaging and education researchers and practitioners. kindled a number of new ideas This summer, to bridge the divide and possibilities for my future between federal policymakers in research work.” Washington and on-the-ground practi- —Education Policy Academy Participant tioners in schools across the country, AEI collaborated with North Carolina State University to host the first-ever AEI Adjunct Fellow Michael McShane bringing 20 graduate students across Federal Policy Institute. The Federal led subsequent sessions and moderated disciplines to AEI for an intensive four- Policy Institute brought together roughly panels featuring prominent figures in day immersion in the world of education. 60 principals and school leaders to DC education, covering topics including Academy classes were taught by leading for three days of in-depth exposure to how education policy is made and scholars and focused on topics including education policy, offering practical how different fields such as research, school choice, teacher quality, and school insights into how those leaders can apply advocacy, and journalism influence finance. The program also included lessons on policy in their own schools. policy. In addition to policy education, seminars, evening speakers, and AEI Director of Education Policy principals and school leaders were cohort-building activities. Studies Frederick M. Hess led the trained on how they can effectively opening session, focusing on the history work with, improve, or change policies of school reform, emphasizing how affecting schools. Former Council of Economic many of today’s systems and routines Complementing our outreach to Advisers Chairman Joins AEI as are from an education system built for education practitioners, AEI Education John H. Makin a previous era and how principals and serves as an intellectual leader in the school leaders can actually influence education research space. In July, AEI Visiting Scholar education policy. held the Education Policy Academy, Glenn Hubbard recently joined AEI New Visiting Fellow, as the John H. Makin Visiting Scholar. president of strategic partnerships and He is a former chairman of the President’s Domestic Policy public affairs. There, he developed global Council of Economic Advisers and is Ian Rowe Joins AEI and domestic campaigns to mobilize currently the dean of Columbia Business young people to vote, complete college, School. He specializes in public and preserve the environment, and fight corporate finance and financial markets A product of the New York City public global poverty. and institutions. Hubbard has written school system, Ian Rowe is a social entre- Before MTV, Rowe was the director more than 90 articles and books, preneur who has worked for more than of strategy and performance measure- including two textbooks, on corporate 20 years in the public, private, and ment at the White House USA Freedom finance, investment decisions, banking, nonprofit sectors, to effect positive change Corps office, which formed after energy economics, and public policy. in the lives of young people worldwide. September 11 to encourage every He served as a deputy assistant secretary As CEO of Public Prep, he provides the American to make a lifetime commitment at the US Treasury Department and as a strategic direction for the nation’s oldest in service of others. He was an early consultant to, among others, the Federal and only network of single-sex elementary staff member of Teach for America, Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve and middle public charter schools. where he helped develop a compre- Bank of New York. Before Public Prep, Rowe was the deputy hensive portfolio model of teacher director of postsecondary success at the assessment. He is chairman of the board The John H. Makin Visiting Scholar is made Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, where of Spence-Chapin and a founding board possible by Gwendolyn Van Paasschen, in he worked to increase college completion member of Malaria No More. He is also honor of her late husband, John Makin, who rates among low-income young adults. an Echoing Green Fellow and a Harvard was an AEI scholar from 1984 to 1995 and Before that, he was MTV’s senior vice Initiative for Social Enterprise Fellow. 2010 to 2015.

7 AEI New Video Series Opioid Crisis Documentary Miniseries

In July, AEI released a three-part Faces of Policy documentary miniseries. The series highlights Sally Satel’s research from the several months she spent conducting field research on the opioid crisis in Ohio and learning from Part 1: The Roots of Addiction health care practitioners and community The first installment explores the root causes of addiction, including alleviating leaders on the front lines of the crisis. mental and emotional pain, and features several individuals who have struggled Drawing from her time spent in Ohio, with addiction discussing their experience with opioids. Satel also recently published a paper documenting her field research on Part 2: The Worst Pain You Can Imagine the opioid crisis. In this installment, Satel explains that while overprescription is one contributing This series marks the first time that factor to the opioid epidemic, indiscriminate efforts to control prescribing is making AEI has worked with nonexperts in life miserable for people who need these drugs to manage intense chronic pain. the field to produce a video series. Part 3: Purpose in Life AEI’s video team sent a camera kit to In the final installment, Satel explains that solving the opioid epidemic requires remote interviewees who recorded compassionate interventions that will first stabilize drug abusers and help them find their experiences with opioids. an emotionally satisfying purpose in life. YouTube promoted the series through its Social Impact channel, and each AEI released the docuseries on our YouTube page and as a stand-alone website: installment has been viewed nearly http://facesofpolicy.com/. 16,500 times.

New AEI Podcast, WTH Is Going On? with Danielle Pletka and Marc Thiessen Save the Date AEI will honor former Ambassador to the In June, Danielle Pletka and Marc Thiessen launched a new weekly policy podcast United Nations and Governor of South called What the Hell Is Going On? interviewing prominent guests who help make Carolina Nikki Haley with the Irving sense of the world. Thus far, their guests have included AEI’s Frederick Kagan on Kristol Award at the AEI Annual Dinner Iran, Nicholas Eberstadt on North Korea, and Roger Noriega on Mexico, as on October 29, 2019, at the National well as Sen. Rob Portman (R-OH) on US-China trade negotiations, US Special Building Museum in Washington, DC. Representative for Venezuela on the Trump administration’s strategy Please contact Max Towey at in Venezuela, Director of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum Piotr Cywinski [email protected] for information on the rise of anti-Semitism today, and Gen. Michael Petraeus on the war in about purchasing tickets or tables. Afghanistan. You can subscribe to the podcast on Apple, Ricochet, or wherever podcasts are downloaded. The Irving Kristol Award is the Listen to the podcast at www.aei.org/tag/what-the-hell-podcast. highest honor conferred by AEI. AEI gives the award annually to an individual 1789 Massachusetts Avenue, NW who has made exceptional intellectual Washington, DC 20036 and practical contributions to improve 202.862.5800 | aei.org government policy, social welfare, or political understanding. Visit www.aei. org/irving-kristol-award for more 8 about Irving Kristol Award recipients.