Background and Concept Paper for Investigative Monitoring

European Union Water Initiative Plus for the Eastern Partnership (EUWI+ 4 EaP) - Results 2 and 3

ENI/2016/372-403

BACKGROUND AND CONCEPT PAPER FOR INVESTIGATIVE MONITORING

Investigative Monitoring Report Ukraine

Final Report

Responsible EU member state consortium project leaders

Alexander Zinke; Umweltbundesamt (AT)

EUWI+ country representative in Ukraine

Oksana Konovalenko, Representative of the EUWI+ EU Member State Consortium in Ukraine (UA) Responsible international thematic lead expert

Philipp Hohenblum, Umweltbundesamt (AT) Authors

Oksana Konovalenko Philipp Hohenblum Alexander Zinke Arnulf Schönbauer Daniel Trauner Kristina Schaufler Yannick Pochon Florence Pintus

Disclaimer:

The EU-funded program European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+) is im- plemented by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD), both responsible for the implementation of Result 1, and an EU Member States Consortium comprising the Environment Agency Austria (UBA, Austria), the lead coordinator, and the In- ternational Office for Water (IOW, France), both responsible for the implementation of Results 2 and 3. The program is co-funded by Austria and France through the Austrian Development Agency and the French Artois-Picar- die Water Agency.

This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union or of the Governments of the Eastern Partnership Countries.

This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of, or sovereignty over, any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries, and to the name of any territory, city or area.

Imprint

Owner and Editor: EU Member State Consortium Umweltbundesamt GmbH Office International de’l Eau (IOW) Spittelauer Lände 5 21/23 rue de Madrid 1090 Vienna, Austria 75008 Paris, FRANCE

Responsible IOW Communication officer: Chloé Dechelette [email protected]

June 2021

Final Report

PREFACE

Scope of this document is to address the principles of the EU Water Framework Directive’s concept of investigative monitoring. Part I of the document describes the background and relevant technical details of this concept, which are of general relevance for all countries that intend to carry out this tool in line with the WFD. It describes the agreed concept and fundamentals to establish an investigative monitoring. This part, consequently, is the official basis for the national investigations and are integral part of the relevant contracts which lay down the execution of the practical investigation. Part II addresses specific national considerations, which have been identified in the course of EUWI+. They build the basis for national investigations which will be carried out in autumn 2020. Thus, this document acts as a living document and shall summarize the investigative monitoring process for one EUWI+ country from the first considerations to the final conclusions. Part II is intended to be the template for reporting of national results, conclusions and lessons learnt within the practical investigation. It is integral part of the contracts lay down the execution of the practical investigation.

Thus, Part II of this document presents a template for later reporting, once the fieldwork is accomplished. The activity concludes with reflections on lessons learnt, which will be discussed after the final conclusions of the investigations will be available in December 2020.

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CONTENTS

PREFACE ...... 3 PART I – General Issues ...... 7 1. Scope of the Document ...... 8 2. General Terms and Definitions ,...... 9 3. General Aspects of Investigative Monitoring ...... 11 3.1. Planning and preparedness ...... 11 3.2. Suggested pool of institutions to be involved ...... 11 3.3. Design of concept for investigative monitoring within EUWI+ ...... 12 4. Planned Implementation within EUWI+ ...... 15 4.1. Break down to national requirements, Workshop and practical implementation ...... 15 4.1.1. Identification of national entities ...... 15 4.1.2. Identification of subjects for investigative monitoring ...... 15 4.1.3. Workshop ...... 15 4.1.4. Pilot exercise in EaP countries ...... 16 4.1.5. Data management, evaluation, reporting ...... 16 PART II - National chapter Ukraine ...... 18 1. National questionnaire on stakeholders ...... 19 2. Rationale for an investigative monitoring exercise ...... 21 3. Field report ...... 22 3.1. Survey program ...... 22 3.1.1. Selected pilot river basins and sampling sites ...... 22 3.1.2. Sampling period...... 24 3.2. Sampling and field methods ...... 26 3.3. Laboratory analyses ...... 26 4. Results and conclusions ...... 27 5. Bibliography ...... 29 Conclusions for the process of investigative monitoring ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini. 6. Lessons Learnt ...... 28

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General Abbreviations ADA ...... Austrian Development Agency DoA ...... Description of Action DG NEAR ...... Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations of the European Commission EaP ...... Eastern Partnership EC ...... European Commission EECCA ...... Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia EMBLAS ...... Environmental Monitoring in the Black Sea EPIRB ...... Environmental Protection of International River Basins ESCS ...... Ecological Status Classification Systems EU ...... European Union EU-MS ...... EU-Member States EUWI+ ...... European Union Water Initiative Plus FD ...... Floods Directive GEF ...... Global Environmental Fund ICPDR ...... International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River IM ...... Investigative monitoring INBO ...... International Network of Basin Organisations IOWater/OIEau .... International Office for Water, France IWRM ...... Integrated Water Resources Management MSFD ...... Marine Strategy Framework Directive NESB ...... National Executive Steering Board NFP ...... National Focal Point NGOs ...... Non-Governmental Organisations NPD ...... National Policy Dialogue OECD ...... Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development RBC ...... River Basin Council RBD ...... River Basin District RBMP ...... River Basin Management Plan RBO ...... River Basin Organisation ROM ...... Result Oriented Monitoring SCM ...... Steering Committee Meeting (of the EU Action EUWI+) SEIS ...... Shared environmental information system TA ...... Technical Assistance ToR ...... Terms of References UBA ...... Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Environment Agency Austria UNDP ...... United Nations Development Programme UNECE ...... United Nations Economic Commission for Europe WISE ...... Water Information System for Europe WFD ...... Water Framework Directive

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Country Specific Abbreviations Ukraine MEPR ...... Ministry of Environmental Protection and natural resources NAAU ...... National Accreditation Agency of Ukraine SAWR ...... State Agency of Water Resources SEMS ...... State Environment Monitoring System UkrHMC ...... Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center

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PART I – GENERAL ISSUES

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1. SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT

Excerpt from the Logframe of EUWI+:

Sources and Base- Results chain Indicators Targets means of verifi- Assumptions line cation

2.3.5: Investigatory Number of investigatory 0 6 Investigatory Preliminary risk

monitoring of water surveys carried out (sur- survey reports assessment is bodies at risk of high face water chemistry) in for all EaP coun- successful as a pollution or related is- all EaP countries tries basis for site se- sues lection

Activities

The European Union’s Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC1) aims at the improvement and protection of all water bodies at river basin level, including inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and groundwater bodies. Harmonized monitoring programmes are required to describe uniformly the quality of the water bodies involved. According to the WFD, three different types of surface water monitoring programmes have to be established at national levels:

 Surveillance Monitoring  Operational Monitoring  Investigative Monitoring

This document aims at describing the general rationale for the type of investigative monitoring (IM) and providing general considerations on the necessary steps for implementation of an investigative monitoring. Ideally, the document can provide guidance to establish an investigative monitoring action along or back-to-back with the planned field surveys in each of the EUWI+ project countries. Before summer 2020, six webinars have been organised to bring across the concept of investigative monitoring to the six countries and to discuss details of the planned IM surveys. The national experts have been asked to submit a short concept comprising the basic idea behind the investigation, a description of the selected sites, a concept for sampling and analysis of the samples and the expected conclusions. The information received is summarised in PART II of this document in a country specific chapter. PART II will also be the template for later reporting of results, concluding and to summarize lessons learnt.

1 Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Commu- nity action in the field of water policy

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2. GENERAL TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 2,3

Monitoring is a key activity in integrated water management. There are three different principal forms of monitoring foreseen in the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (see also Figure 1 below).  Surveillance monitoring: This serves to supplement and validate impact assessment procedures for all water bodies; to enable the adequate preparation of future monitoring programmes; and to assess long-term changes in natural conditions or as a result of anthropogenic activity. Results of 12 months surveillance monitoring programmes enable the development of river basin management plans.  Operational monitoring: This serves to describe the status of water bodies which are at risk of failing their environmental objectives, to evaluate the effectiveness of measure taken or to monitor according to international obligations. Chemical and physical parameters are analysed 12 times per year, biological quality elements are checked, depending on the quality element, once to six times a year. It is suggested to run two campaigns per RBM cycle4.  Investigative monitoring is undertaken in special cases at certain rivers or river sections when o more data are needed to understand the causes for failure of environmental quality objectives. o results of the surveillance monitoring suggest a mismatch with objectives, but without having an operative site available. o the impact of accidental pollution needs to be assessed. o some more checking is needed of the impact of not yet monitored substances. o Some practical testing of new methods is advised.

2 COMMON IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY FOR THE WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE (2000/60/EC), Guidance Document No 7, Monitoring under the Water Framework Directive 3 COMMON IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY FOR THE WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE (2000/60/EC), Technical Report - 2009 – 025, Guidance Document No. 19, GUIDANCE ON SURFACE WATER CHEMICAL MONITORING UNDER THE WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE 4 EUWI+ Thematic Summary Reports for each EUWI+ country 5 https://erncip-project.jrc.ec.europa.eu/networks/tgs/water

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Figure 1: Surveillance, operational and investigative monitoring in the WFD’s six years cycle

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3. GENERAL ASPECTS OF INVESTIGATIVE MONITORING

3.1. Planning and preparedness

While surveillance and operational monitoring, as part of an integrated water management, is carried out on a pre-determined basis with well-defined sampling sites in the water bodies, defined parameters and monitoring at a certain frequency, investigative monitoring has to be carried out upon special need. Potential reasons for investigative monitoring can be:  The achievement of the good environmental status is at risk, but available data are not sufficient to determine the reason, and samples from more and different sites are needed to investigate the hypothesis why the environmental objective is likely to fail in certain river areas.  (Non-)Deliberate water contaminations, like accidents or spills, or observed fish deaths suggest a severe contamination of a water body, and investigative steps have to be taken to better identify the nature and magnitude of the incident under time critical conditions.

For this reason, investigative monitoring needs a different approach to ultimately identify a problem by addressing it in the most appropriate monitoring design. This requires some flexibility in identifying the best determinants and individual approaches, to serve the needs of each unique situation. Provident organisational planning is therefore of utmost importance. This requires organisational and responsibility structures in place among the relevant authorities and a clear communication between all entities involved, especially when it comes to time-critical conditions along an accident or any other spontaneous contamination. Preparedness of all institutions along a clear and approved concept of investigative monitoring is key to be able to react promptly and properly to situations of uncertainty, which demand a high degree of flexibility and adaptation. In a special case, continuous monitoring stations, which are used to monitor some water quality parameters for drinking water abstraction, can be built in. Involving early warning systems in investigative monitoring campaigns is mentioned here as a supportive instrument.

3.2. Suggested pool of institutions to be involved

This chapter narrows down the EU WFD concept of investigative monitoring to the framework and model application the EUWI+ project and introduces which organization should potentially be involved in investigative monitoring. In order to clarify their roles and responsibilities, it is suggested to bring them together and to discuss roles and responsibilities along a realistic scenario. In terms of water monitoring it is recommended to appoint a Point of Contact (POC) at the relevant entity (e.g. Ministerial Department) being responsible for surface water monitoring to coordinate all activities and to liaise with all other responsible authorities in case of emergencies (e.g. police, civil protection), particularly when it comes to accidental contaminations. The necessary framework for investigative monitoring could be established among the following entities, which play an important role in the national integrated water management. This is a suggested general scheme and obviously needs to be adapted to the national structures and competences in each of the six EUWI+ countries:

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 Ministerial Department responsible for the preparation of the RBMP (MDRBM); particular the entity in charge for the status assessment of water bodies and for drafting the programme of measures; they are the recipients of the monitoring results, take care of data management, the evaluation of results and deduction of measures; they need to work closely together with  Ministerial Department responsible for Surface Water Monitoring (MDSW). Definition of target of monitoring – which question has to be answered by which action; drafting of a monitoring concept which lays down individual actions and which is ideally agreed by all stakeholders. This entity could act as the Point of Contact for the investigative monitoring and take the responsibility to coordinate with all other involved entities.  River Basin Management Authority (RBMA). For the IM, this institution has the knowledge about all pressures identified in the river basin. It can help with the identification of pressures (e.g. industries emitting certain pollutants) which are not fully covered or their impact is not fully clear.  Ministerial Department for Emergency (e.g. in Ministry for the Interior). Involvement in case of an industrial/transport accident with high impact, floods or alike, depending on general national procedures. This entity has in place the procedures to assess and scope an emergency and to communicate restrictions to the affected people (Civil Protection) or affected users (e.g. drinking water utilities).  Blue light organizations. This term summarizes the police, fire fighters and ambulance ser- vices as first responders in case of accidents. Their role is to mitigate the situation and record evidence. Normally, these organizations are the first on site and thus play an essential role in communicating an unusual case to the competent and responsible authorities.  Sampling unit. This is the institution or group which carries out sampling according to well established procedures, even in emergencies; the sampling unit has a strong communication with the involved laboratory or laboratories in order to meet the requirements set for the sampling procedures.  Laboratory. Provides the analytical service ordered by the leading organization. The laboratory is in close contact with the other organizations in order to establish the procedures, which are required to achieve the information, needed (specific parameters, limits of detection etc.). The laboratory produces a report about analysed samples which is essential for the lead organisation to take decisions (e.g. impact-mitigating measures).

3.3. Design of concept for investigative monitoring within EUWI+

Once all relevant entities have been identified, a concept can be derived that clearly lays down the responsibilities of the organisations respectively. There are three conceivable scenarios with different implications on the extent of investigative monitoring:

1. Investigations to determine the reason why a water body is likely to fail the good environmental status; 2. Investigations to determine the magnitude of a spontaneous contamination caused e.g. by a transport or industrial accident or deliberate contamination; 3. Monitoring carried out by an independent entity to assess the quality of water (e.g. drinking water utility).

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These three different scenarios afford a different degree of involvement of the above mentioned entities. Scenario 3 is somehow a specificity, as its data are gathered for an internal reason but could be supportive to other scenarios when it comes to early warning. Above the different degrees of collaboration that is needed in these three scenarios, there is a pattern of interaction between the entities, which is of general importance, and validity.

Table 1: General decisions and pathways for communication to elaborate a concept for investigative monitoring

 Appointment of a Point of Contact (POC) for investigative monitoring taking the overall responsibility to coordinate the monitoring activity and to establish the communication between all involved entities  By: national decision  The determination of chemical and/or biological parameters that have to be analysed.  By: MDRBM, RBMA and/or MDSW  The determination of sites to be sampled and monitored  By: MDRBM, RBMA and/or MDSW  It can consist of existing sites for surveillance of operational monitoring, in case further information is needed . But it may need also additional sites for better determining the magnitude of contamination  Downstream of potential polluters, maybe with reference upstream of a suspected emission point  The determination of pre-requisites for sampling  By: Communication between laboratory, sampling unit and POC  Choice of appropriate sampling and transport containers for each parameter  Stabilization of samples on site and by which means for all parameters  Specification of sample filtration/treatment on site, for all parameters  Specification of the transport conditions  Determination of the sampling procedure (spot, mix by volume/time etc.) to best respond to the problem  By: Communication between laboratory, sampling unit and POC  Definition of necessary and feasible quality parameters as a requirement for the analysis  By: Communication between laboratory, sampling unit and POC  determination of LOD/LOQ for all parameters  definition of (a) standard method(s) for all parameters  Determination of an adequate time for delivery of results  By: laboratories and POC  Delivery of results to the responsible entity (POC)  Assessment of results, deduction of needed measures  MDRBM, MDE, RBMA and/or MDSW with support of laboratory

1. Investigative monitoring triggered by water body at risk

This may be needed, if data from surveillance and operative monitoring suggest that a water body is at risk failing the good environmental status, or if the available set of data is not sufficient to explain why the good status cannot be reached. The assessment of pressures might give an indication of potential emissions, which have not yet been monitored, or the network of sampling sites might not be suitable to deduct conclusions. In this case, a strong collaboration between the RBMA and the MDSW is needed to identify whether further parameters have to be measured or additional measuring sites have to be investigated. A clear exchange with the sampling unit and the laboratory is needed; the concept follows more or less the general decision and communication pathways, as laid down in Table 1.

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2. Investigative monitoring triggered by accidental contamination/emergency

Contaminations as a result of emergencies (accidents) are mostly time-critical events and need a thor- ough organizational preparedness to be tackled promptly and without delay. Apart from recording evidence of an event, samples and analyses are needed to assess the potential impact on the environment, to take appropriate measures to prevent subsequent damages (e.g. for the drinking water supply) and to mitigate the impact situation. Police and fire fighters are mostly the first to be on site as first responders. Depending on the magnitude of contamination, several additional steps have to be taken to investigate the situation and to clarify the impact on the water body and connected uses (e.g. irrigation, recreation). Therefore, the roles and responsibilities should be clear to all entities involved and, ideally, first responders can alert directly the POC at the responsible water authority to enable the chain of action and start with preparing investigations. Relevant information from the field should be delivered to the Point of Contact who then can decide to rapidly send a sampling unit to the site to take samples and to initiate investigations and laboratory analyses.

3. Continuous water quality monitoring

Investigative monitoring might also include alarming or early warning monitoring. In particular, this summarizes monitoring of water bodies close to an abstraction point for drinking water by continuous or semi-continuous monitoring, e.g. by measuring chemical parameters like conductivity, dissolved oxy- gen, turbidity or alike, or biological parameters like fish toxicity. Mostly, continuous water quality monitoring is applied by drinking water utilities to monitor the abnormalities in the composition of the water. Data can be used to feed early warning systems that support taking decisions. Data are normally not promptly available to authorities, as their use for reporting is limited. However, in case of emergencies, this kind of monitoring can assist drinking water suppliers in taking decisions to prevent contamination of the supply system. In case sensors are installed at the point of abstraction from the raw water source, data can help to monitor the status of the water. Involving early warning systems in investigative monitoring campaigns is mentioned here as a supportive instrument.

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4. PLANNED IMPLEMENTATION WITHIN EUWI+

In order to establish a scheme for investigative monitoring in each EUWI+ country, this chapter deals with the necessary pre-requisites that have to be prepared in the countries and which should end up in a workshop to explain how to deal with the concept and to initiate small investigative surveys to test its practical application.

4.1. Break down to national requirements, Workshop and practical implementation

EUWI+ provides an opportunity to introduce and practically test a case of investigative monitoring, and to use the gained experience for responsible water management institutions to conclude subsequent steps of preparedness for future investigative monitoring situations, when swift and clear action by Gov- ernment institutions is needed. The piloting EUWI+ activity will be targeting investigative monitoring triggered at a water body at risk. This will include the available knowledge on pressures in the river basins and information from previous monitoring activities (surveillance monitoring, see chapter 2).

4.1.1. Identification of national entities

For each EUWI+ country it is suggested to identify all entities, which are relevant along the scenario described in Table 1 and to check whether there are additional authorities or institutions to be involved. As a template, Table 2 can be used to compile the relevant national entities. EUWI+ country representatives will support this step with their specific knowledge on the institutions. In the national tables in chapter 5, all relevant data should be completed by the end of May 2020. Responders are invited to amend with the right names of entities or add relevant ones in the table.

4.1.2. Identification of subjects for investigative monitoring

In a second step, specificities in the countries will be identified, which suggest the framework for an investigative monitoring. This can build on the results of former surveys or on the results of the risk assessment carried out in the course of elaborating the river basin management plans. Relevant information should be collected and compiled accordingly, initiated by the country representatives, by the national water management institution (MDSW or RBMD) which will be refined and rendered more pre- cisely by the EUWI+ team (RBMP planning). The result will be a short national chapter of this document, which expands from the general concept to a national chapter for investigative monitoring, containing the relevant institutions, contacts and technical specificities. It is targeted for June 2020.

4.1.3. Workshop

As a third step, a workshop will be held with the countries to bring together all identified entities and key persons (tentatively 3 participants per country, eg. POC, water agency and laboratory) and to discuss the national concept for investigative monitoring. The result will be a concrete step-by-step plan for a pilot investigative monitoring exercise, confirming the institutions and persons to be involved and responsible, the location of sampling, the parameters to be analysed and the overall timeline up to deliv- ering the monitoring report to the MDRBM. As a consequence of the Covid19 lock-down, the workshops will be conducted in July 2020 in a web-based setting.

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4.1.4. Pilot exercise in EaP countries

As soon as the CoVid-19 situations allows and the timing fits to other EUWI+ calendars, a pilot investigative monitoring will take place: It starts with the field action when, at a pre-selected water body with a certain pollution risk issue, national experts take water samples, send them to the pre-selected laboratory for the analyses. The resulting report of the laboratory will then be sent to the MDRBM and other institutions involved in the monitoring conclusions (e.g. MDE, RBMA and/or MDSW).

4.1.5. Data management, evaluation, reporting

The results of the nationally tested investigative monitoring will be documented in an IM report which will include  the overall IM concept (basically the first part of this document),  the report from the workshop (country-specific IM plan) and  the results of the national IM exercise with o sampling and laboratory results and their primary interpretation o lessons learned and o any suitable follow-up action, as deemed necessary.

Depending on the country-specific institutional situation, which determines at which institution the ex- pertise for the IM interpretation is available, the report will be prepared by the MDRBM, MDSW and /or RBMA under the supervision of the EUWI+ team.

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Table 2: General template for specifying national authorities, entities and experts for establishing the framework for investigative monitoring in the EUWI+ countries. All designations are indicative and shall be adopted or replaced by the authentic descriptions in the relevant national chapters.

Entity (in case of additional entities, Contact, please please add below) Function/responsibilities complete information Remark

Ministerial Department responsible for the Preparation of the RBMP

Ministerial Department of Water Resource Protection

Environment Agency Monitoring Department

River Basin To be multiplied for Management additional RB Authority

Department for Emergency coordinator Emergency

(The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine)

Police Contact person for emergency coordination

Fire fighters Contact person for emergency coordination

Sampling Unit for Responsible person for surface water surface water sampling sampling

Laboratory Head of lab

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PART II - NATIONAL CHAPTER UKRAINE

This chapter contains all relevant information, which has been disclosed by the implementing national organisations and institutions. The first part contains the first country feedback, which comprises an appraisal of stakeholders and the summary of the intended investigative monitoring, as received from the country representatives. Break down of national specificities. Please share in your national chapter (tables) all relevant organisational information needed. The templates for specifying national authorities, entities and experts for establishing the framework for investigative monitoring in the EUWI+ countries are provided for each country. All designations are indicative and shall be adopted or replaced by the authentic descriptions in the relevant national chapters. Any additional information deemed relevant for the process (potential river basins, contaminants, information from status assessment etc.) as well as other national institutions or stakeholders to be involved is highly appreciated!

18 ENI/2016/372-403 Final Report Investigative Monitoring Report Ukraine 1. National questionnaire on stakeholders

This chapter describes the organizational landscape for Ukraine. Please add the relevant information in the table below as precise as possible.

Table 3: National authorities, entities and experts for establishing the framework for investigative monitoring in Ukraine.

Entity (in case of additional entities, please add Contact, please complete information/ below) Function/responsibilities name, function, email address Remark Ministry of environment protection and natural resources (MEPR)

Ministerial Department responsible for the preparation of the RBMP Ministerial Department water resource protection Ministry of environment protection and natural resources Head of division department (MEPR) Bon Oleksander 206-31-76 [email protected] State Agency of water resource management The division of water cadastre administration and water Head of the division monitoring MARIIA SHPANCHYK Department of water management, [email protected] State Agency of Water Resources of Ukraine River Basin Management Directorate 1)Upper Dnipro and Desna Head of directorate To be multiplied [email protected] for additional RB

2)Middle Dnipro Urupa Mykola [email protected]

3)Low Dnipro [email protected]

Azyma Vasyl 4)Prypiat [email protected]

Ministry for Emergency or Department for Hydrometeorology Division emergencies in relevant Ministry The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center Deputy Director Anatoliy Prokopenko +380 (44) 239 93 87 [email protected] Police (if deemed necessary) Contact person for emergency coordination

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Entity (in case of additional entities, please add Contact, please complete information/ below) Function/responsibilities name, function, email address Remark Fire fighters (if deemed necessary) Contact person for emergency coordination Sampling Unit for surface water sampling Responsible person for surface water sampling Laboratory Head of lab Central laboratory at the State Enterprise Ukrainian Geological Company in Kyiv of the State Service of Geology and Mineral Resources of Ukraine: Danylo Spector; [email protected] Central Geophysical Observatory (CGO) named after Boris Srezenevsky in Kyiv: Hanna Doroshenko [email protected] Interregional office of protective arrays of Dnipro reservoirs (State Agency for Water Resources): Olexandr Shevchenko; [email protected]

If there is any relevant information or if there are already considerations about potential investigative monitoring activities (specific river basin, pressures, contaminations), please add here:

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2. RATIONALE FOR AN INVESTIGATIVE MONITORING EXERCISE

This chapter contains the concept, which has been received from the expert authorities/organisations in the EUWI+ countries. It describes the intended concept, selected area, sampling sites, parameters to be analysed and the conclusions expected from the investigation. The program of surveillance monitoring of the surface water bodies (SWB) in the Dnipro river basin was approved by the MEPR on 31 December 2020. The State Water Agency has developed a draft surveillance monitoring program (hereinafter - the program), which was agreed with the representatives of the SESU (Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center and CGO). Program activities include monitoring of biological, physicochemical, hydromorphological and chemical (priority and basin specific) parameters at 206 points on 158 SWB. The list of basin-specific parameters will be compiled based on the results of a screening conducted under the EUWI+ Project. In the Dnipro river basin, the measurements of the content of indicators that should be conducted under the supervision of the State Water Agency will be made in water monitoring laboratories of the Eastern (Slovyansk), Northern (Vyshhorod) and Southern (Odesa) regions and relevant laboratories of the SESU (Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center and CGO). Ecological and chemical status of the SWB in the Dnipro river basin has not been established yet due to the absence of results of surveillance monitoring and type-specific classifications to assess the ecological status. In 2021, work is planned to establish type-specific reference conditions and develop classification schemes to establish the ecological status of SWB in the Dnipro river basin. Starting in 2022, monitoring data will be used to establish the ecological status and potential of SWB. Screening monitoring was chosen as there was a need to form a list of basin-specific indicators for the Dnipro river basin. This is foreseen by the national legislation of Ukraine, in particular by the Procedure of State Monitoring of Water Resources, approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 758 dd. 19.09.2018. The selection of the sampling points was made considering: - Results of pressures and impact assessment - Protected areas - List of monitoring points and transboundary parts of watercourses - Surface water bodies that meet reference conditions The list of sampling points (for water and biota) was developed by the experts of the SAWR and the relevant experts of the relevant area. Surface water samples were taken at 27 sites and five samples of biota (fish) were collected at five of these 27 sites. The sampling was carried out from 7th to 16th of October 2020. A wide-scope target screening of >2,200 and suspect screening of >65,000 pollutants were used for analysis of each sample. The results were complemented with target analyses of metals and organic substances. Legacy pollutants brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) and dioxins and dioxin- like compounds were analysed additionally in biota samples (Environmental Institute, 2021). Taking into account the urgency of the work fulfilment and limited time, the coordination was carried out via e-mails and oral communication. The list of people involved in sampling points selection: - Ms Mariia Shpanchyk, SAWR - Ms Olha Lysiuk, SAWR - Mr Serhyi Afanasiev, Institute of Hydrobiology NASU - Mr Oleksii Yaroshevich, Blue rivers - Ms Oksana Konovalenko, EUWI+

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3. FIELD REPORT

The execution of the survey has been tendered to the Environmental Institute (EI), which carried out the sampling and analytical work. Details can be found in the report provided by the EI (reference). However, assistance has been provided by the Ukrainian experts. The sampling of surface water samples was performed by the team of experts from UKRSCES, Odesa. Biota samples were collected by experts from the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. A joint sampling was organized in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone with representatives of the State Agency of Ukraine on Exclusion Zone Management. A joint sampling near the drinking water intake in Vyshhorod was performed with experts of the Interregional Office of Protective Arrays of Dnipro Reser- voirs.

3.1. Survey program

3.1.1. Selected pilot river basins and sampling sites

All 27 sampling sites were located along the Dnieper River Basin (2201 km); their GPS coordinates are provided in Table 4 and their corresponding spatial distribution is shown inFigure 2 The table provides also information on the sampling locations of the biota samples. The selected sampling sites can be characterised with different proxy pressures that can be divided into several categories:  Direct impact by pollution sources;  Reference site;  Influence of the Republic of Belarus;  Wastewater channel from WWTP into the Dnieper River;  Water used for production of drinking water;  Chernobyl zone.

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Table 4: List of sampling sites with geographical coordinates. All sites belong to the Dnipro river basin.

Site River name Site name No. Latitude 1) Longitude 1) Dnipro river (Kaniv reservoir) below the discharge of 1 50°19'0,48"N 30°38'0,09"Е Kyivvodokanal (Vyshenka) Main canal for discharge of Kyivvodokanal - Bortnytsia aeration 2 50°19'32,6"N 30°38'51,46"Е sewage - station Dnipro river (border with the Republic of Belarus, Chernihiv 3 51°54'41,03"N 30°49'17,8"Е region, Kamianka) Dnipro below Dnipro city 4 48°18'44.52"N 35°8'38.78"Е reservoir, Dnipro river below Zaporizhzhia city 5 47°45'32.53"N 35°9'57.84"Е Kosheva river below the waste treatment facilities in Kherson 6 46°35'32,81"N 32°28'31,43"Е Inhulets river Kryvyi Rih (below the mouth of Saksahan river run 7 47°53'2,95"N 33°20'31,17"E into), hydrological station Ros river, Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi 8 49°24'00.0"N 31°14'09.6"E Vorskla river (Nyzhnimlyny reservoir), 144 km, 1,5km downstream of Poltava city, below the mouth of the Kolomak 9 49°33'36"N 34°35'38,4"E river, at bridge of Poltava-Kharkiv road (Hydromet) Seim river 230 km, Pesky village of Putyvl district, border with 10 51°14'2.61"N 34°5'58.69"E the Russian Federation Ustia river 24 km, below the wastewater treatment plant 11 50°39'04.56"N 26°14'46.05"E (WWTP) of "Rivnevodokanal", Rivne Desna river below Chernihiv 12 51°27'26,5''N 31°17'58,1''E Desna river boarder with the Russian Federation, Muravii 13 52°17'12,01''N 33°22'4,63''E Desna river 3 km, Desna drinking water intake, Kyiv 14 50°33'3,6"N 30°34'8,4"Е Khomora river Poninka 15 50°11'19,0"N 27°33'33,5"Е Teteriv river below Zhytomyr 16 50'13'28,1"N 28'42'48,4''Е Dnipro estuary (transitional waters), Stanislav 17 46°35'54,47"N 32°07'05,29"Е Slutch river 203 km, drinking water intake, Novhorod-Volynskyi 18 50'34'28,42''N 27'39'2''Е Samotkan river Vilnohirsk, below mining site 19 48°31'14,16"N 34°5'18,96"E Prypiat river border with the Republic of Belarus, Chernobyl zone 20 51'17'29,0''N 30°13'30,0"E (Chornobyl) Dnipro river (Kremenchuk reservoir), 580 km, Kremenchuk, Vlasivskyi water intake SE "Kremenchukvodokanal" 21 49°4'51,6"N 33°17'9,6"E of Kremenchuk City Council Inhulets river, 265 km, Andriivka 22 47°36'11,71"N 33°12'43,23"E Khomora river, 52 km, drink water intake, Polonne 23 50°11′37.49″N 27°35′47,24″E Samara river, 139 km, hydrological point of the Samara river - Pavlohrad, 40m above the railway bridge Pavlohrad- 24 48°34'20,99"N 35°52'14,73"E Lozova Bilous river Chernihiv 25 51°25'6,2''N 31°15'12''E Ros river, below Bila Tserkva, influence by wastewater 26 49°44'32.3"N 30°16'40.0"E "Bilotserkivvoda" LLC Irpin river, 28 km, Hostomel, mouth of the Bucha river 27 50°33'5,76"N 30°17' 6,42"Е

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1) Latitude, Longitude: Format = Degree with six decimals (e.g. as 44.630139, conversion from 44° 37’ 48.5’’ through calculation 44 + 37 / 60 + 48.5 / 3600)

Figure 2: Map of sampling sites.

3.1.2. Sampling period

Transfer from EI report

Table 5: Sampling dates and information on meteorological and hydrological conditions.

Date of № Sampling site Weather conditions sampling

Dnipro river (Kaniv reservoir) below the 1 11.10.2020 Sunny (16°C) discharge of Kyivvodokanal (Vyshenka) Main canal for sewage - discharge of Ky- 2 11.10.2020 Sunny (16°C) ivvodokanal - Bortnytsia aeration station Dnipro river (border with the Republic of Cloudy, windless 3 11.10.2020 Belarus, Chernihiv region, Kamianka) (16°C) 4 Dnipro reservoir, below Dnipro city 9.10.2020 Sunny (16°C)

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Cloudy, windless 5 Dnipro river, below Zaporizhzhia city 8.10.2020 (17°C) Kosheva river, below the waste treatment Cloudy, windless 6 7.10.2020 facilities in Kherson (22°C) Inhulets river, Kryvyi Rih (below the 7 mouth of Saksahan river run into), hydro- 8.10.2020 Sunny (22°C) logical station 8 Ros river, Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi 12.10.2020 Sunny (18°C) Vorskla river (Nyzhnimlyny reservoir), 144 km, 1,5km downstream of Poltava 9 city, below the mouth of the Kolomak 9.10.2020 Sunny (15°C) river, at bridge of Poltava-Kharkiv road (Hydromet) Seim river, 230 km, Pesky village of Cloudy, windless 10 Putyvl district, border with the Russian 10.10.2020 (19°C) Federation Ustia river, 24 km, below the wastewater Cloudy, windless 11 treatment plant (WWTP) of "Rivnevo- 13.10.2020 (19°C) dokanal", Rivne 12 Desna river, below Chernihiv 11.10.2020 Sunny (12°C) Desna river, boarder with the Russian Cloudy, windless 13 10.10.2020 Federation, Muravii (19°C) Desna river, 3 km, Desna drinking water 14 15.10.2020 Sunny (15°C) intake, Kyiv Cloudy, windless 15 Khomora river, Poninka 13.10.2020 (15°C) Cloudy, windless 16 Teteriv river, below Zhytomyr 14.10.2020 (15°C) Dnipro estuary (transitional waters), Cloudy, windless 17 7.10.2020 Stanislav (21°C) Slutch river, 203 km, drinking water in- Cloudy, windless 18 13.10.2020 take, Novhorod-Volynskyi (17°C) Samotkan river, Vilnohirsk, below mining Sunny, windless 19 9.10.2020 site (22°C) Prypiat river, border with the Republic of Cloudy, windless 20 14.10.2020 Belarus, Chernobyl zone (Chornobyl) (15°C) Dnipro river (Kremenchuk reservoir), 580 km, Kremenchuk, Vlasivskyi water intake Cloudy, windless 21 9.10.2020 SE "Kremenchukvodokanal" of Kremen- (18°C) chuk City Council Cloudy, windless 22 Inhulets river, 265 km, Andriivka 8.10.2020 (22°C) Khomora river, 52 km, drink water intake, Cloudy, windless 23 13.10.2020 Polonne (15°C)

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Samara river, 139 km, hydrological point of the Samara river - Pavlohrad, 40m Sunny, windless 24 9.10.2020 above the railway bridge Pavlohrad- (19°C) Lozova Cloudy, windless 25 Bilous river, Chernihiv 11.10.2020 (11°C) Ros river, below Bila Tserkva, influence 26 12.10.2020 Sunny (18°C) by wastewater "Bilotserkivvoda" LLC Irpin river, 28 km, Hostomel, mouth of the Cloudy, windless 27 11.10.2020 Bucha river (12°C)

3.2. Sampling and field methods

Details of the sampling procedures and the field methods can be taken from the final report of the Envi- ronmental Institute (EUWI+, 2021).

3.3. Laboratory analyses

Details of the applied analytical methods can be taken from the final report of the Environmental Institute (EUWI+, 2021).

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4. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Detailed analytical results can be found in the original report (EUWI+, 2021). The most relevant finding were:  Out of 45 WFD priority substances, atrazine, Cadmium and Nickel exceeded their EQS values in surface waters  Mercury exceeded its EQS in one biota sample  BDEs (Brominated diphenyl ethers) were found in all biota samples at high concentrations  Dioxins and dioxin–like compounds in biota samples were well below EQS values  Cu and Zn are present in the entire basin at environmentally relevant concentrations  Wide scope target screening reavealed the presence of 161 compounds in at least one sample  19 of these compounds were found at more than 10% of the sampling sites with at least one measurement being above the ecotoxicity threshold value  Four sites represented reservoirs for drinking water abstraction wherein a couple of pesticides and on plasticizer exceeded the arbitrary threshold level of 100 ng/L  In biota samples, six out of 2,232 screened compounds were measured at concentrations above toxicity threshold levels

Based on these results of the screening, a list of 21 substances has been identified and added to the list of basin-specific substances for the Dnipro river. These substances will be further monitored under the program of surface water diagnostic monitoring. In fact, such analyses will be done in the monitoring laboratory of Northern region (Vyshhorod) of the Interregional Office of Protective Arrays of Dnipro Reservoirs of SAWR. The laboratory was modernized with the support of the project “European Union Water Initiative Plus for the Eastern Partnership Coun- tries”. The obtained results of the basin-specific substances are crucial for establishing the chemical status of surface water bodies and will be used in the development of the Dnipro River Basin Management Plan.

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5. LESSONS LEARNT

The Ministry of Environment Protection and Nature Resources of Ukraine coordinated the work and requested access for sampling in the exclusion zone. All state authorities coordinated properly. The collaboration between authorities, the sampling teams and the EUWI+ project team was well prepared and went smoothly without complications. Ukraine has chosen this concept of investigative monitoring approach to cover a broad scope of pollutants in the river basin, identify potential contaminations in order to adapt existing monitoring schemes accordingly. The survey has revealed the presence of a number of contaminants, some of them exceed- ing WFD EQS values or other comparable toxicological threshold values. Both water samples and biota samples were analysed. The study clearly recommends the adaptation of monitoring plans towards extending these identified contaminations. The results were jointly presented by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources and the State Agency of Water Resources of Ukraine, the EU Delegation to Ukraine, Environmental Institute and the EUWI+ consortium lead on 25 February 2021. The data enables decision-makers to better identify the sources of the pollutants and implement targeted measures in order to increase the protection of people’s health and the environment in Ukraine

A general observation of the UBA coordination team across all six countries is that the need to collabo- rate among affected entities did not fully work out. In the inception phase of the survey in spring/summer 2020, a series of webinars took place to bring across the principles of this environment assessment tool, to show its role and function among the WFD monitoring schemes, and encourage the beneficiaries to liaise with other relevant entities (water users, affected communes, inspection authorities etc.). For this reason, also this document intended to compile relevant stakeholders beyond the water sampling and analysing responsibility of the beneficiary. In practice, however, an adjustment of actions to be taken, the sharing and discussion of data from the Minister’s office down to the civil protection did not suffi- ciently take place in most cases. More emphasis of this communication and information process would have gone far beyond the limits of this survey. The principle of collaboration and “thinking out of the box” should receive a central role in the future.

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6. BIBLIOGRAPHY

EUWI: “Investigative monitoring of the Dnieper River Basin”, J. Slobodnik, N. Alygizakis, P. Oswald, Environmental Institute, Slovakia (2021)

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