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Classroom Management Strategies: the Impact on Student CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: THE IMPACT ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT by Hope Kathryn Sowell Liberty University A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education Liberty University November, 2013 CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: THE IMPACT ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT By Hope Kathryn Sowell A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education Liberty University, Lynchburg Virginia November, 2013 APPROVED BY: CONSTANCE PEARSON, Ed.D, Committee Chair GEORGIA EVANS , Ed.D, Committee Member MICHAEL SCLABRA, Ed.D. Committee Member Scott B. Watson, PhD, Associate Dean of Advanced Programs CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: THE IMPACT ON SCHOOLS. ABSTRACT The purpose of this causal comparative study was to test the theoretical Classroom Management Teacher Behavior Continuum of Wolfgang and Glickman (1980) that suggests that interventionist, noninterventionist, and interactionalist classrooms may differ in student outcomes. This study explored whether student outcomes in statewide standardized tests reading, English language arts, and math differ by interventionist, noninterventionist, or interactionalist teacher instruction management (IM) and behavior management (BM) styles. Survey data from eighty-three 3rd, 4th, and 5th grade teachers regarding instructional and behavioral classroom management beliefs were contrasted in the percentage students passing standardized tests of reading, ELA, and math using MANOVA at a threshold of p < .05. Student performance did not significantly differ by IM style, while interactionalist BM classrooms had a significantly higher percentage of student passing statewide tests of math, reading, and ELA than interventionist classrooms. This line of investigation is important towards fostering best practices for teachers and optimal outcomes for elementary school students. Key Terms: Classroom Management, Proactive, Reactive, Interventionist, Noninterventionist, Interactionalist. iii Acknowledgements I thank God and my Savior Jesus Christ for walking by my side on this long journey. I would like to thank my husband, my daughter, and my mother for all their support, prayers, encouragements, patience, energy, and hard work in helping me accomplish this goal. I would like to thank my countless friends and my editor that cheered me along the way. Finally, I would like to thank all the members of my committee, in particular Dr. Pearson and Dr. Szapkiw, for lifting me up and spiritually taking this journey with me. May God Bless you all! iv Table of Contents Page ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iv List of Figures .................................................................................................................... xi List of Tables .................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 1 Background ................................................................................................................... 4 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................ 8 Purpose Statement ....................................................................................................... 10 Significance of the Study ............................................................................................ 12 Research Questions and Null Hypotheses .................................................................. 13 Research Question 1: Instructional Management and Student Outcomes ............ 13 Research Question 1a ............................................................................................ 13 Research Question 1b ........................................................................................... 13 Research Question 1c ............................................................................................ 14 Research Question 2: Behavior Management and Student Outcomes .................. 14 Research Question 2a ............................................................................................ 14 Research Question 2b ........................................................................................... 14 Research Question 2c ............................................................................................ 15 Null Hypothesis 1 ................................................................................................. 15 v Null Hypothesis 2 ................................................................................................. 16 Identification of Variables .......................................................................................... 17 Operational Definitions ............................................................................................... 18 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................... 22 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 22 Theoretical Framework: Classroom Management Approaches .................................. 25 Interventionist Classroom Management ..................................................................... 26 B.F. Skinner .......................................................................................................... 26 Albert Bandura ...................................................................................................... 28 Rudolf Dreikurs .................................................................................................... 29 Lee Canter ............................................................................................................. 30 Summary of Interventionist Classroom Management .......................................... 32 Noninterventionist Classroom Management............................................................... 33 Carl Rogers ........................................................................................................... 33 Jacob Kounin ........................................................................................................ 34 Harry Wong .......................................................................................................... 35 Summary of Nonnterventionist Classroom Management ..................................... 36 Interactionalist Classroom Management..................................................................... 36 William Glasser .................................................................................................... 36 Summary of Interactionalist Classroom Management .......................................... 38 vi Empirical Research on Classroom Management ........................................................ 38 Summary of Reviewed Literature ............................................................................... 44 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ......................................................................... 46 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 46 Research Design.......................................................................................................... 46 Research Questions ..................................................................................................... 48 Research Question 1: Instructional Management and Student Outcomes ............ 48 Research Question 1a ............................................................................................ 48 Research Question 1b ........................................................................................... 49 Research Question 1c ............................................................................................ 49 Research Question 2: Behavior Management and Student Outcomes .................. 49 Research Question 2a ............................................................................................ 49 Research Question 2b ........................................................................................... 49 Research Question 2c ............................................................................................ 50 Null Hypothesis 1 ................................................................................................. 50 Null Hypothesis 2 ................................................................................................. 51 Participants .................................................................................................................. 52 Setting/Site .................................................................................................................. 53 Instrumentation ........................................................................................................... 54 Demographic Survey ............................................................................................ 54 The Behavioral and Instructional Management
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