KI-NA-24835-EN-C E UROPEAN European Science COMMISSION Research Area in Society This publication, introduced and edited by René von Schomberg, consists of a series of research articles reflecting on how to proceed towards Responsible Research and Innovation in the Information and Communication Technologies and Towards Responsible Security Technology fields. Research and The authors who contributed to this publication are coordinators or participants to major FP7 Innovation in the projects funded under the Science in Society Programme. A total of 10 projects have inspired Information and the authors to reflect and address various governance and ethics issues underlying Communication the responsible development of these new technologies. Technologies A deliberative approach to the responsible and Security development of these technologies implies inclusive governance, based on broad stakeholder Technologies Fields involvement, public debate and early societal intervention in research and innovation, among other, by means of ethics assessments and various technology and privacy impact assessments. Research and Innovation Policy European Commission Towards Responsible Research and Innovation in the Information and Communication Technologies and Security Technologies Fields Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union 2011 – 217 pp. – 17.6 x 25.0 cm ISBN 978-92-79-20404-3 ISSN 1018-5593 doi: 10.2777/58723 EUROPE DIRECT is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. The views expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessar- ily reflect the views of the European Commission. 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Printed in France PRINTED ON ELEMENTAL CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHED PAPER (ECF) EUROPEAN COMMISSION Towards Responsible Research and Innovation in the Information and Communication Technologies and Security Technologies Fields Edited by René von Schomberg1 A Report from the European Commission Services 1 Dr. René von Schomberg is based at DG Research and Innovation of the European Commission. This report is written for the publication series of the Ethics and Gender Unit of DG Research and Innovation. The views expressed here are those of the authors and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the European Commission. 2011 Directorate General for Research and Innovation Table of contents Acknowledgements by the editor 5 Introduction Towards Responsible Research and Innovation in the Information and Communication Technologies and Security Technologies Fields René von Schomberg 7 CHAPTER 1 IT for a Better Future. How to integrate ethics, politics and innovation Bernd Carsten Stahl 17 CHAPTER 2 Responsible research and innovation in ICT: The case of privacy Walter Peissl 35 CHAPTER 3 Toward a Normative Ethical Governance of Technology. Contextual Pragmatism and Ethical Governance Stephen Rainey and Philippe Goujon 47 CHAPTER 4 ICTs and responsible innovation: imaginaries of information and community Kjetil Rommetveit 71 CHAPTER 5 Precaution and privacy impact assessment as modes towards risk governance David Wright, Raphaël Gellert, Serge Gutwirth & Michael Friedewald 83 4 TOW AR D S R ESP O NSIB CHAPTER 6 Privacy Practices and the Claim for Accountability L E R ESEARCH Daniel Guagnin, Leon Hempel and Carla Ilten 99 AN D I NN CHAPTER 7 Code of Conduct for FP7 Researchers on medical OV and biometric data privacy ati O N IN Zaharya Menevidis, Samantha Swartzman, Efstratios Stylianidis 115 THE I NF O R M CHAPTER 8 Privacy Perception in the ICT era and beyond ati O N Aharon Hauptman, Yair Sharan and Tal Soffer 133 AN D COMMU nicati CHAPTER 9 Telecare and Older People: Re-ordering social relations O Maggie Mort, Celia Roberts and Christine Milligan 149 N T ECHN OLO ANNEX I Policy Brief on: Whole Body – Imaging at airport GIES checkpoints: the ethical and policy context AN D S Emilio Mordini 165 EC U RIT Y T ECHN ANNEX II Note on authors and projects 211 OLO GIES F ANNEX III Agenda workshop in the European Parliament 215 IE LD S ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS BY THE EDITOR 5 Acknowledgements by the editor The contributions to this volume are based on presentations made at a workshop hosted by the Scientific and Technological Assessment Unit of the European Parliament in November 2010. I want to thank Miklós Györffi, who was instrumental in enabling the hosting of this successful event. I also want to express my gratitude to the following Members of Parliament who addressed the workshop, Mr Jorgo Chatzimarkakis, Member of the “Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe” Mrs Silvia-Adriana T‚ ICA˘U, Member of the “Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats” I am gratefull the for various input to this workshop by the following colleagues of the European Comission Francis Pe¯teris Svilans from the ”Data protection” unit of DG Justice, Maria-Eva Engdahl from DG Enterprise and Peteris Zilgalvis from DG Information Society for responding to the various presentations Prabhat Agarwal of DG Information Society, who addressed the workshop and who organised a workshop chaired by Director General Robert Madelin on Future Technology and Society on 19 November 2010. This workshop was also attended by most of the contributors to this volume. See:http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/fet-open/ events-future-technology-and-society_en.html Lino Paula of the Ethics and Gender Unit of DG Research and Innovation, who chaired a session of the workshop and who is project officer of the projects TECHNOLIFE and EFORTT. Marie Cocquyt , Roya Kamran, Jolanta Klimczak-Morabito of the Ethics and Gender Unit of DG Research and Innovation for substantial technical, organisational and logistical support Introduction: Towards Responsible Research and Innovation in the Information and Communication Technologies and Security Technologies Fields René von Schomberg1 1 Dr. René von Schomberg is based at DG Research and Innovation of the European Commission. This report is written for the publication series of the Ethics and Gender Unit of DG Research and Innovation. The views expressed here are those of the authors and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the European Commission. - - - - - when confronted with Radio Frequency example hy Responsible Research and Innovation? hy Responsible Research W tech of occurrence the between decades) several be can (this lag time significant a is There nical inventions (or planned promising research) and the eventual marketing of products techno and scientific of impacts societal The processes. innovation and RTD from resulting use the as such advances technological major Even predict. to difficult are advances logical been not have Europe in GMOs of introduction the of partialfailure the and internet ofthe bodies. by governing anticipated At the with implying we same confronted are the thatdilemma, time, Collingridge ethical issues could be easily addressed early Once predict. of to difficult the technology is development stage the initial in this whereas on during technology design and development the social and ethical consequences become clearer, the development and its is difficulttrajectory to change. advanced far often of technology is to be have aligned they with societal new technologies For accepted to by become society, needs and ICT values. generally has been very successful in delivering new processes and products that have been new embraced generations by of However, consumers. ICT tech nologies are more controversial, as their increased pervasiveness into people’s daily life This book brings together early results of research and coordination projects funded under the European Commission funded Science in Society programme (FP7) which addresses the Development Research and phase Technology or the application phase of new technologies. These projects yield insights on how our understanding of change may privacy in the light of security to related values ethical other against weighed is privacy how and technologies, those only address not do usually efforts coordination and research These convenience. practical and particular technologies single, since issue will the be privacy shaped by the simultaneous use legislation. and national EC directives relevant technologies