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Mbeya Water Master Plan Summary Volume 3

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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA DANISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY • DANIDA 8 I 4 ,1 T Z.M B 8 >2 MBEYA WATER MASTER PLAN SUMMARY VOLUME 3 I »•»••••• **,,,.••••••• CARL BRO • COWICONSULT • KAMPSAX - UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA DANISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY • DANIDA MBEYA WATER MASTER PLAN SUMMARY VOLUME 3 ,«•••••• («•••••* LISRA!" y j\; ;T AT!G f-i AL REFE; •CNCF. CB'iïU l£ FOR 7':.-?.' ! ( ;, ^/ WATE Cf> :ùt 1 i r^ SUPPLY AND S -XNiTA'i ,) P.O. Po AD î'l« : i -Cue Tel. (0; 0; t., 4 ^ i i ti>,t. 141/142 V CARL BRO • COWICONSULT • KAMPSAX - KRiiGER • CCKK 1982 GUIDE TO MBEYA WATER MASTER PLAN POPULATION 3/2, 4A/2/4, 12/3 DEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK 3/2, 4A/2/3/5 , 12/2 FRAMEWORK AGKICULTURE 3/2, 4A/3/5, 11/3, 12/2 INDUSTRY 3/2 INVENTORY 5A/1, 12/4 VILLAGES AND DEVELOPMENT 4A/4 EXISTING TRADITIONAL W.S. 4A/6, 12/5 WATER SUPPLY IMPROVED W.S. 4A/6 HUMAN CONSUMPTION 3/5, 5A/4, 12/8 WATER USE AND LIVESTOCK DEMAND 3/5, 5A/4, 12/9 DESIGN CRITERIA TECHNICAL ASPECTS 3/5, 5A/4 p- 0. TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS 5A/5, 12/7 WATER SUPPLY WATER QUALITY 3/5, 4A/6, 4B/7, 5A/3, 12/5/10/11 os SOURCE SELECTION 3/6, 4B/7, 12/5 LJJ PLANNING CRITERIA H PRIORITY CRITERIA 3/5, 5A/2, 12/12 COST CRITERIA 5A/2/6, 12/12 REHABILITATION 4B/8 PROPOSED SINGLE VILLAGE SCHEMES 4B/8 SUPPLIES GROUP VILLAGE SCHEMES 4B/8 SCHEME LAY-OUT AND DETAILS 5B, 5C, 5D PACT ECONOMIC COST 3/6, 4B/9/10, 5B, 5C, 5D FINANCIAL COST 3/6, 4B/9/1O STRATEGIES 3/6, 4B/10 PROGRAMME 3/6, 4B/10 IMPLEMENTATION ORGANISATION 3/6, 4B/11, 12/6 PARTICIPATION 3/6, 4B/10/11, 12/6 RAINFALL 3/3, 7/3 EVAPORATION 3/3, 7/4 HYDROLOGY RUNOFF 3/3, 7/5/6 w MODELLING 3/3. u 7/7 BÎ BALANCES 3/3, 7/7/8 O CO t- GEOLOGY 9/5 GROUNDWATER DOMAINS ;/4 9/7 3/4 § HYDROGKOLOGY GEOPHYSICS 9/8 CHEMISTRY 3/4 9/9 GROUNDWATKR DEVELOPMENT 3/4 9/12 o DRILLING 3/4 9/11 a! WATER RELATED IRRIGATION 11/4, 12/9 PROJECTS HYDROPOWER 11/4 NOTES THE CHAPTERS RKFERRED TO ARE THOSE WHERE THE MAIN DESCRIPTIONS APPEAR. THE REFERENCE CODF. 5A/6 MEANS, VOLUME 5A, CHAPTER 6. CONTENTS VOLUME 3, SUMMARY Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.1 General 1.1 2. DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT 2.1 2.1 Regional character 2.1 2.2 Development strategies 2.3 2.2.1 General 2.3 2.2.2 Agriculture 2.4 2.2.3 Livestock 2.6 2.2.4 Fishing 2.7 2.2.5 Industry 2.7 2.3 Population growth and village development 2.8 2.3.1 Population growth 2.8 2.3.2 Village character 2.10 2.3.3 Village facilities 2.13 2.4 Existing water supply structure 2.15 2.4.1 Improved water supplies 2.15 2.4.2 Design and construction 2.15 2.4.3 Operation and maintenance 2.16 2.4.4 Traditional sources 2.16 3. HYDROLOGY AND SURFACE WATER RESOURCES 3.1 3.1 General 3.1 3.2 Rainfall 3.2 3.3 Evaporation 3.5 3.4 Runoff 3.6 3-5 Index area studies 3.9 3.6 Water balances 3.10 3.7 Recommendations 3.12 4. HYDROGEOLOGY AND GROUNDWATER RESOURCES 4.1 4.1 Geology and structure 4.1 4.1.1 Geology 4.1 4.1.2 Structure 4.2 4.2 Geomorphology 4.3 4.3 Groundwater occurrences 4.4 4.3.1 The Basement Complex 4.4 4.3.2 The Karroo basins 4.7 4.3-3 Neogene deposits 4.8 4.3.4 Springs 4.8 4.4 Groundwater chemistry 4.9 4.4.1 The Basement Complex 4.9 4.4.2 The Karroo Basins 4.9 4.4.3 Neogene deposits 4.9 4.4.4 Springs 4.10 4.5 Geophysical investigations 4.11 4.6 Drilling programme 4.11 4.6.1 Results of drilling 4.11 4.6.2 Recommendation for future drilling 4.12 4.7 Future hydrogeologic data collection 4.14 CONTENTS VOLUME 3, SUMMARY Page 5. WATER USE AND DESIGN CRITERIA 5.1 5.1 General 5.1 5.1.1 Study methodology 5.1 5-1.2 Village inventory 5.1 5.1 .3 Household surveys 5.2 5.2 Priority criteria 5.3 5.2.1 General 5.3 5.2.2 Selection of scheme type 5.3 5.2.3 Implementation 5.6 5.3 Water quality criteria 5.9 5.3-1 General 5-9 5.3.2 Water sampling and testing 5-9 5.3.3 Analyses and presentation 5.10 5.3.4 Evaluation and application 5.13 5.4 Design criteria 5.16 5.4.1 General 5.16 5.4.2 Planning period 5.18 5.4.3 Water demand 5.18 5.4.4 Peak factor 5.19 5.4.5 Storage 5.20 5.4.6 Level of service 5.20 6. FUTURE WATER SUPPLY 6.1 6.1 General 6.1 6.2 Source selection 6.4 6.3 Layout of future water supply systems 6.5 6.4 Cost estimates 6.10 6.5 Implementation 6.12 6.5.1 Strategy 6.12 6.5.2 Construction procedure and programme 6.12 6.5.3 Operation and maintenance 6.13 6.5.4 Recurrent costs 6.13 6.6 Organisation and Management 6.14 7. WATER RELATED PROJECTS 7.1 7.1 General 7.1 7.2 Irrigation 7.2 7.2.1 Agricultural conditions 7.2 7.2.2 Irrigation potentials in Iringa Region 7.5 7.2.3 Irrigation potentials in Ruvuma Region 7.6 7.2.4 Irrigation potentials in Mbeya Region 7.7 7.2.5 Recommendations on irrigation 7.8 7.3 Hydropower 7.10 7.3*1 Power supply situation 7.10 7.3.2. Hydropower development 7.12 7.3-3 Hydropower potential assessment 7.13 7.3.4 Hydropower potential in Iringa Region 7.13 7.3-5 Hydropower potential in Ruvuma Region 7.14 7.3.6 Hydropower potential in Mbeya Region 7.15 7.4 Conclusions and recommendations on hydropower 7.16 CONTENTS VOLUME 3, SUMMARY Page CONTENTS VOLUME 3, SUMMARY Page MAIN RECOMMENDATIONS 8.1 8.1 General 8.1 8.2 Hydrology 8.1 8.3 Hydrogeology 8.2 8.1» Water Quality 8.3 8.5 Water Engineering 8.3 8.5.1 General principles 8.3 8.5.2 Scheme priority 8.U 8.5.3 Source selection and design 8.5 8.5.4 Scheme construction 8.6 8.5.5 Operation and maintenance 8.7 8.5.6 Organisation and management 8.8 8.6 Water-Related Projects 8.9 8.6.1 Irrigation 8.9 8.6.2 Hydropower 8.10 8.7 Recommendations from the Socio-Economic Studies 8.11 8.7.1 Design criteria 8.11 8.7.2 Complementary programmes 8.11 8.7.3 Organisation at village level 8.12 8.7.M Village participation 8.12 8.7.5 Operation and maintenance 8.13 1.1 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 General Improvements in the rural water supply situation in Tanzania have in recent years grown into a major policy matter for the central Government. Policy decisions regarding provision of piped water supplies giving ease of access to domestic points and providing clean, potable and dependable water have been taken. The objective of serving every villager is still quite distant although remarkable progress is being made. On a national basis approximately U0% of the rural villages are presently served while the regions under study are lagging behind this figure with an average percentage supplied of 22$. These figures, however, do not take account of the schemes not operating nor of the proportion of population served. The benefits of an improved water supply are i.a. shorter walking distances, higher reliability and health improvements. The improved water supply, when combined with education in better hygienic practices, and the improved health facilities should be able to contribute to the general well-being of the rural population. This volume purports to summarise some of the main topics of the Water Master Plan. One of these is the development context outlining the plan- ning framework while the hydrology and hydrogeology studies are concerned with establishing the extent of the resources, surface water as well as groundwater. The present water use in the villages is studied and appro- priate design criteria derived after which the main plan has been pre- pared. Finally, the potential for development within other water-using sectors, like irrigation and hydropower, has been evaluated. 2.1 2. DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT 2.1 Regional character Mbeya Region has a predominantly agricultural based economy, with the majority of the population depending on agriculture for their livelihood although only 5 per cent of the total area is cultivated. The c lima to logical and topographical variations in the region result in considerable variations of life-style and densities. In the north of the region the topography is dominated by flat, high plains and mean annual rainfalls of around 500 mm are experienced. These areas have little potential for rain-fed agriculture, and cattle herding for subsistence is most predominant in this part of the region. In the central and particularly southern highland areas of the region, rainfall is more reliable with mean annual figures of up to 2500 mm.
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    International Journal of Science Arts and Commerce Vol. 2 No. 2, April-2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ARTS AND COMMERCE A HISTORY OF RUNGWE DISTRICT IN TANZANIA FROM PRE-COLONIAL TO COLONIAL PERIOD Reginald Mwakilambo Department of History, The Open University of Tanzania Abstract This article highlights the historical events that occurred in Rungwe District, Tanzania in pre colonial and colonial periods. It gives an analysis of the situation during the pre-colonial period and how the district became integrated in the capitalist economic system after the establishment of colonial rule. Capitalist relations were in terms of the establishment of cash crop estates as an element of colonial economic structure. Both peasant-type and estate productions involved productions for exports to metropolitan countries by firmly solidifying world capitalist economic relations as the metropoles were set ready to receive processed products from the district. 1.0 Introduction Rungwe District lies between longitudes “80 30′ and 90 30′ E” and latitudes “330 and 340 S” in the southern part of Mbeya Region.1 It is bordered by Mbeya District to the North, Makete District in Njombe Region to the East, Kyela District in the South and Ileje District in the West. The district consists of four divisions, which are “Ukukwe, Busokelo, Pakati and Tukuyu.”2 The geographical boundaries of the district have never been fixed in the past, but they have been changing by differently defined by the previous colonial governments of the Germans and British, and later by the independent government of the United Republic of Tanzania. The beginning of German colonial rule in Rungwe District was in 1893 by the German explorer Major Von Wissmann who founded a government station at a place along Lake Nyasa which was given the name “Langenburg” in the honour of “Prinz von Hohenlohe-Langenburg” the champion of German colonial endeavours (currently known as Lumbila in Ludewa District).
  • Drivers of Livelihoods Diversification in Rungwe District

    Drivers of Livelihoods Diversification in Rungwe District

    Journal of Sustainable Development; Vol. 12, No. 4; 2019 ISSN 1913-9063 E-ISSN 1913-9071 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Drivers of Livelihoods Diversification in Rungwe District Atupakisye S. Kalinga1, Richard Y. M. Kangalawe2 & James G. Lyimo2 1 The Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 2 University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Correspondence: Atupakisye S. Kalinga, The Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy, P.o. BOX 9193, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tel: 255-7-8437-0266. E-mail:[email protected] Received: May 1, 2019 Accepted: June 22, 2019 Online Published: July 30, 2019 doi:10.5539/jsd.v12n4p86 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n4p86 Abstract This paper examined the factors influencing livelihoods diversification in Rungwe district. Specifically, the study assessed the livelihoods activities in the study area and determined the drivers of livelihoods diversification. The study was carried out in six villages of Rungwe District, Mbeya Region in which about 253 households were interviewed for the study. Data was collected through documentary review, household interviews, focused group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KIIs), transect walks and field observation. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 20 and Excel spreadsheet. While chi-square test was conducted to determine the associations between influencing factors and livelihoods activities, content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The study results showed that there were various livelihoods activities in the study villages such as cash crop production, livestock keeping, trade and wage labour. Livelihoods diversification was influenced by factors like markets, climate, population, land shortages, institutions, policies, and livelihoods assets.