Filed? Peace and Protective Orders
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Multilateral Peace Operations and the Challenges of Organized Crime
SIPRI Background Paper February 2018 MULTILATERAL PEACE PROJECT SUMMARY w The New Geopolitics of Peace OPERATIONS AND THE Operations III: Non‑traditional Security Challenges initiative CHALLENGES OF was launched with support from the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, co‑sponsored ORGANIZED CRIME by Ethiopia, and in continued partnership with the Friedrich‑ jaÏr van der lijn Ebert‑Stiftung (FES). This phase of the initiative seeks to enhance understanding I. Introduction about peace operations and non‑traditional security Multilateral peace operations are increasingly confronting a set of challenges such as terrorism interrelated and mutually reinforcing security challenges that are relatively and violent extremism, new to them, that do not respect borders, and that have causes and effects irregular migration, piracy, which cut right across the international security, peacebuilding and organized crime and environmental degradation. It development agendas.1 Organized crime provides one of the most prominent aims to identify the various examples of these ‘non-traditional’ security challenges.2 perceptions, positions and There are many different definitions of organized crime depending on the interests of the relevant context, sector and organization. The United Nations Convention against stakeholders, as well as to Transnational Organized Crime defines an ‘organized criminal group’ as stimulate open dialogue, ‘a structured group of three or more persons, existing for a period of time cooperation and mutual and acting in concert with the aim of committing one or more serious crimes understanding by engaging key or offences . in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other stakeholders and mapping the material benefit’.3 However, this definition is not unchallenged. -
Building Peace at the Nexus of Organized Crime, Conflict and Violent
PolicyFBA Brief Brief 01/2015 BUILDING PEACE AT THE NEXUS OF ORGANIZED CRIME, CONFLICT, AND VIOLENT EXTREMISM INTERNATIONAL EXPERT FORUM ON TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY PEACE-BUILDING BY: CHRISTIAN ALTPETER Organized crime, armed conflict and violent extremism are all becoming increasingly intertwined. Fragility, weak institutions and conflicts provide an attractive environment and breeding ground for illicit networks and extremist organizations and these connected groups can seriously impede peace-building efforts and threaten human security. SUMMARY › Organized crime, conflict, and violent extremism all thrive when any state is weak or its structure is absent. Where there is a lack of security, a want of access to justice, and poor service provision, then organized crime often fills the void by taking over certain functions of the state. › Traditionally, crime and violent extremism have not formed a part of the peace-building agenda but instead have been treated as separate matters for law enforcement strategies. › Dealing with organized crime and violent extremism in countries and societies emerging from conflict requires a multidimen- sional peace-building approach that includes the perpetrators of organized crime and those involved in armed conflict and violent extremism. UN Security Council mandates for peacekeeping operations must be so arranged that they include the fight against organized crime. › Strengthening social cohesion and inclusiveness, trust and legitimacy of the government concerned and its institutions must be at the centre of peace-building strategies, together with realizable peace dividends. › The UN, the EU and other actors must meet such challenges with comprehensive policies and approaches because military, diplomatic or police methods alone will not suffice. -
1 United States District Court Northern District Of
Case: 1:08-cv-05098 Document #: 31 Filed: 09/18/09 Page 1 of 14 PageID #:<pageID> UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS EASTERN DIVISION ARLINGTON HOSPITALITY, INC., et al., Appellants/Cross-Appellees, No. 08 C 5098 v. Judge James B. Zagel ARLINGTON LF, LLC, Appellee/Cross-Appellant. MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER I. Introduction This case is on appeal to this Court for the second time. Arlington Hospitality (“Debtor”) filed for bankruptcy and entered into a debtor-in-possession (“DIP”) financing agreement with Arlington LF (“LF”). The Bankruptcy Court entered an Interim Order approving the DIP agreement. Under the Interim Order, Debtor was required to pay certain fees immediately, which it did not do. After approximately one month, LF refused to continue lending money to Debtor. After a trial, the Bankruptcy Court found that LF anticipatorily repudiated the agreement. LF appealed to this Court, which reversed and remanded, finding that Debtor repudiated the agreement shortly after the Interim Order was promulgated because Debtor neglected to pay the fees which were due. On remand, Debtor made several new arguments that LF in fact repudiated first. The Bankruptcy Court, considering itself bound by my prior ruling, found again for LF. The Bankruptcy Court also awarded LF a portion of certain fees and default interest for which LF had motioned. Debtor now appeals the Bankruptcy Court’s ruling and LF cross-appeals the amount of the fee award. For the following reasons, I reverse the decision by the Bankruptcy 1 Case: 1:08-cv-05098 Document #: 31 Filed: 09/18/09 Page 2 of 14 PageID #:<pageID> Court on remand and find that in light of Debtor’s new arguments, LF did in fact anticipatorily breach the agreement, and therefore LF is not entitled to any fees or default interest. -
Bougainville Peace Agreement >> Table of Contents >> Bougainville Peace Agreement
Peace Agreements Digital Collection Bougainville Peace Agreement >> Table of Contents >> Bougainville Peace Agreement Bougainville Peace Agreement Signed at Arawa 30 August 2001 Introduction and Outline This agreement is a joint creation by the Government of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea and Leaders representing the people of Bougainville ("the Parties") to resolve the Bougainville conflict and to secure a lasting peace by peaceful means. It is intended to further the objectives of The Burnham Truce, the Lincoln and Ceasefire Agreements and other agreements and understandings between the parties. This Agreement will be implemented through consultation and co-operation, and will form the basis for drafting constitutional amendments and other laws in order to give legal effect to this Agreement. The Bougainville Parties will work through the autonomous Bougainville Government when it is formed. The Agreement has three pillars. They are as follows. 1. Autonomy The Agreement provides for arrangements for an autonomous Bougainville Government operating under a home-grown Bougainville Constitution with a right to assume increasing control over a wide range of powers, functions, personnel and resources on the basis of guarantees contained in the National Constitution. 2. Referendum The agreement provides for the right, guaranteed in the National Constitution, for a referendum among Bougainvilleans’ on Bougainville’s future political status. The choices available in the referendum will include a separate independence for Bougainville. The referendum will be held no sooner than ten years, and in any case no later than fifteen years, after the election of the autonomous Bougainville Government. The actual date of the referendum will be set taking account of standards of good governance and the implementation of the weapons disposal plan. -
World Peace Through Law
Denver Journal of International Law & Policy Volume 2 Number 1 Spring Article 3 May 2020 World Peace through Law Charles Rhyne Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/djilp Recommended Citation Charles Rhyne, World Peace through Law, 2 Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 1 (1972). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Denver Sturm College of Law at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denver Journal of International Law & Policy by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],dig- [email protected]. WORLD PEACE THROUGH LAW CHARLES RHYNE* In view of the realities of today's world, man cannot live in isolation if he expects to live in peace. The world situation must be everyone's concern; each of us must act, collectively and individually if we are to avoid the total destruction which threatens world peace. We live in a world all of us know more about, think more about and worry more about than ever before. Age old bar- riers of time and distance are gone; the lives of all peoples are inextricably intertwined. For instance: international trade was affected by the United States' enactment of a 10'/; surcharge on imports; the outbreak of war between India and Pakistan in December, 1971 affected everyone almost immediately as has the continuation of the Middle East conflict; states and peoples will be vastly affected by China's presence in the U.N. Since no one nation can by itself control drugs, money, en- vironment, pollution, weather, airplane hi-jacking, poverty, hunger, disease and many other subjects of considerable con- cern to the world community, transnational cooperation has be- come, in fact, a necessity. -
How Do Interim Intervention Orders Work?
Breaches of the interim order Tips for safety If the Respondent makes prohibited contact with you Change the locks and install new deadlocks, Family Violence after the order has been served, you should contact security doors, window locks, alarms and sensor Intervention Orders your local police station to report the breach. Record 1 lights. the names of any police officers you speak with. Financial assistance to make your home safer may You should write down and keep the dates, times and be available from the Victims of Crime Assistance HOW DO INTERIM other details of the breaches. Tribunal (VOCAT). Speak to your lawyer or the INTERVENTION ORDERS Court’s Applicant Practitioner about VOCAT. Police will only charge the Respondent for a breach if they think that there is evidence which proves ‘beyond WORK? Turn off location settings in your mobile phone reasonable doubt’ that the breach happened. and keep the phone charged. Can I get immediate Photos of damage and/or injuries, names of witnesses Consider buying a pre-paid mobile so the and medical reports are useful. Keep copies of texts, Respondent doesn’t know your number. If you protection from the emails and Facebook messages. drive, keep petrol in your car. Court system? In circumstances where it is your word against the Keep important documents in a safe place outside Respondent’s, it is helpful to police if you can the family home. remember details such as what the Respondent was wearing when you saw him or her, what sort of car he Carry a copy of the interim or final intervention or she was driving, its registration number etc. -
Equity in the American Courts and in the World Court: Does the End Justify the Means?
EQUITY IN THE AMERICAN COURTS AND IN THE WORLD COURT: DOES THE END JUSTIFY THE MEANS? I. INTRODUCTION Equity, as a legal concept, has enjoyed sustained acceptance by lawyers throughout history. It has been present in the law of ancient civilizations' and continues to exist in modem legal systems.2 But equity is no longer a concept confined exclusively to local or national adjudication. Today, equity shows itself to be a vital part of international law.' The International Court of Justice--"the most visible, and perhaps hegemonic, tribunal in the sphere of public international law" 4-has made a significant contribution to the delimitation,5 development of equity. Particularly in cases involving maritime 6 equity has frequently been applied by the Court to adjudicate disputes. Equity is prominent in national legal systems and has become increas- ingly important in international law. It is useful, perhaps essential, for the international lawyer to have a proper understanding of it. Yet the meaning of equity remains elusive. "A lawyer asked to define 'equity' will not have an easy time of it; the defimition of equity, let alone the term's application in the field of international law, is notoriously uncertain, though its use is rife."7 Through a comparative analysis, this note seeks to provide a more precise understanding of the legal concept of equity as it relates to two distinct systems oflaw: the American and the international. To compare the equity administered by the American courts with that administered by the World Court, this note 1. See sources cited infra notes 10, 22. -
Peace Officers on Campus
Peace Officers on Campus 1. Who are peace officers? Texas Code of Criminal Procedures (TCCP), Article 2.12 lists peace officers as including, but not limited to the following: a. Sheriffs and their deputies b. Constables and deputy constables c. Marshalls or police officers of an incorporated city, town, or village d. Rangers and officers commissioned by the Public Safety Commission and the Director of the Department of Public Safety e. Officers commissioned under Texas Education Code (TEC) §37.081 f. Law enforcement agents of the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission 2. What authorizes the Board to employ police officers? TEC §37.081 authorizes the District’s Board of Trustees to employ security personnel and commission police officers. It is the Board’s responsibility to determine the jurisdiction of police officers employed by the District. 3. What is the jurisdiction of Katy ISD police officers? Board policy CKE (LOCAL) specifies this jurisdiction as follows: “…all territory within the boundaries of the District and all property, real and personal, outside the boundaries of the District that is owned, leased, or rented by or otherwise under the District’s control.” 4. What authority and powers do District police officers have? Katy ISD police officers, by policy, have the authority to: Katy Independent School District Peace Officers on Campus Administration, Governance and Legal Affairs, May 2018 1 of 6 g. Protect the safety and welfare of any person in the jurisdiction of the District and protect the property of the District. h. Enforce all laws, including municipal ordinances, county ordinances, and state laws, and investigate violations of law as needed. -
Provisionally Permanent? Keeping Temporary Custody Orders Temporary Under the Hague Convention on International Child Abduction
COMMENTS PROVISIONALLY PERMANENT? KEEPING TEMPORARY CUSTODY ORDERS TEMPORARY UNDER THE HAGUE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION CHRISTINE T. Di GUGLIELMOt INTRODUCTION In 1980, the Hague Conference on Private International Law' cre- ated the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction2 (Convention) as an attempt to supply parents with a legal tool to assist them in achieving the return of children removed across international boundaries without consent of the left-behind parents. " The Convention has been in force in the United States for t A.B. 1997, Brown University;J.D. Candidate 2003, University of Pennsylvania. I would like to acknowledge Stephen J.Cullen for introducing me to the Shealy case and Professor Harry Reicher for his helpful feedback. Special thanks to Matthew Di Gugli- elmo; Henry and Terri Walters; Stephanie Walters; and Jim and Francesca Di Guglielmo for their love and encouragement. Finally, I thank the editors of Volume 151 of the University of PennsylvaniaLaw Review for their dedication and diligence. 'The 1980 Hague Conference consisted of twenty-seven member states, three participating states, three international governmental organizations, and three nongovernmental organizations. See Procks-verbaux et Documents de travail de la Premi're commission, in 3 HAGUE CONFERENCE ON PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW, ACRES ET DOCUMENTS DE LA QUATORZItME SESSION, ENLEVEMENT D'ENFANTS [ACTs AND DOCUMENTS OF THE FOURTEENTH SESSION, CHILD ABDUCTION] 253, 253-55 (1982) (listing the members of the First Commission of the Hague Conference on Private In- ternational Law). 2 Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, Oct. 25, 1980, T.I.A.S. -
Strengthening Interim Measures in International Arbitration
NOTES STRENGTHENING INTERIM MEASURES IN INTER- NATIONAL ARBITRATION STEPHEN BENZ* ABSTRACT Interim measures are playing an increasingly important role in the interna- tional arbitration system. However, interim measures are plagued by two inter- related problems. First, this Note analyzes institutional rules and published arbitral case law to show that some arbitral tribunals have established lower standards for issuing interim measures relative to national courts. Second, this Note analyzes the national courts of the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom to show the discordance among national courts in the enforce- ment of interim measures issued by a tribunal. This paper highlights the inter- related nature of these two problems, and proposes an international convention that harmonizes the enforcement of interim measures, while at the same time raising the standard necessary to issue interim measures. I. INTRODUCTION .................................... 144 II. INSTITUTIONAL RULES ON INTERIM MEASURES . 148 A. The ICC 2012 Arbitration Rules .................... 148 B. ICSID Arbitration Rules .......................... 149 C. LCIA Arbitration Rules .......................... 150 D. UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. ..................... 150 III. PUTTING MEAT ON THE BONES: EXAMINING THE FIVE FACTORS FOR ISSUING INTERIM MEASURES. ........................... 151 A. Factor 1: A Prima Facie Showing of Jurisdiction: The Case of Pey Casado v. Chile ............................. 152 B. Factor 2: A Prima Facie Showing of Merit as Shown in ICC Case No. 10596. ............................... 154 C. Factor 3: Irreparable Harm or Merely Harm? An Examination of Paushok v. Mongolia . 156 D. Factor 4: Proportionality of the Interim Measure . 162 E. Factor 5: Urgency as Shown in Railroad Development Corp v. Guatemala ................................... 163 F. A Proposal for Reform: The Need to Raise the Standards . -
CIVIL EVENT HISTORY CODES AFDV Affidavit Judgment Entered AMND Claim Amended ANUM Accession Number APDS Appeal Dismissed APPL Ap
CIVIL EVENT HISTORY CODES AFDV Affidavit Judgment Entered AMND Claim Amended ANUM Accession Number APDS Appeal Dismissed APPL Appeal to Circuit Court ASGN Assignment of Judgment BADC Bad Check Received BANK Bankruptcy Entered BATC Check Batch Number BNKR Bankruptcy Removed BODY Body Attachment BONF Bond Forfeiture Judgment Recorded BRCL Recall Body Attachment BUSR Introduction of Business Records CABJ Lien of ABJ sent to Circuit Ct. CCAR Appeal Returned from Circuit Ct. CCHG Case Change CCLN Circuit Court Lien Recording Fee CDEL Complaint Delete CERT Request or Certification CFAS Confession of Assets Received CLOJ Lien of Judgment Sent to Circuit Ct. CNSL Consolidated Cases COMM Comment COND Condemnation-Immediate Possession and Title Order CSNT Consent Judgment Entered DAFJ Affidavit Judgment Entered DEFN Intention to Defend Filed DFLT Judgment in Default Entered DPSD Defendant present, Plaintiff not present, Show cause dismissed. DSML General Dismissal DSM6 Dismissal (3-506) Entered DSM7 Dismissal (3-507) Entered DVAP Domestic Violence Appeal Filed DVCC Records Sent to CC/Petition to Modify DV Order Filed DVEX Domestic Violence Ex Parte DVIO Domestic Violence Interim Order DVPM Domestic Violence Petition to Modify DVPO Domestic Violence Protective Order DVPR Domestic Violence Petition to Rescind DVSC Domestic Violence Show Cause EARN Earnings Withholding Order Issued EEPT Emergency Evaluee Transported EEPU Emergency Evaluee Not Located FILN Initial Case Filing FRGN Recording of Foreign Judgment GRPT Garnishee Report of Employment Received -
Maintenance and Custody Act
Maintenance and Custody Act CHAPTER 160 OF THE REVISED STATUTES, 1989 as amended by 1990, c. 5, s. 107; 1994-95, c. 6, s. 63; 1997 (2nd Sess.), c. 3; 1998, c. 12, s. 2; 2000, c. 29, ss. 2-8; 2012, cc. 7, 25 © 2013 Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Nova Scotia Published by Authority of the Speaker of the House of Assembly Halifax This page is intentionally blank. CHAPTER 160 OF THE REVISED STATUTES, 1989 amended 1990, c. 5, s. 107; 1994-95, c. 6, s. 63; 1997 (2nd Sess.), c. 3; 1998, c. 12, s. 2; 2000, c. 29, ss. 2-8; 2012, cc. 7, 25 An Act Respecting the Maintenance of Spouses, Common-law Partners and Dependants title amended 2000, c. 29, s. 2 Table of Contents (The table of contents is not part of the statute) Section Short title........................................................................................................................................... 1 Interpretation..................................................................................................................................... 2 Court order ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Priority .............................................................................................................................................. 3A Factors considered............................................................................................................................. 4 Obligation of maintained spouse or partner......................................................................................5