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Internet Culture Wesley Cooper Wesley Cooper Chapter 7 Internet Culture Wesley Cooper for surfers, a commercial space much in need of Introduction zoning, the mother of all Swiss Army knives, a tool palette for artists, a lucid dream or magic, a The internet is a magnet for many metaphors. telephone or newspaper or holodeck, a monster It is cyberspace or the matrix, the “information that has escaped DARPA’s control, the Linux superhighway” or infobahn or information hair- penguin, sliced bread, an addiction, the Grand ball, a looking-glass its users step through to Canyon, and on and on. meet others, a cosmopolitan city with tony and Before attempting to think through these shady neighborhoods, a web that can withstand metaphors, it is worthwhile to note at the outset nuclear attack, electric Gaia or God, The World that we regular users of the internet are only a Wide Wait, connective tissue knitting us into a minority, even in societies that have passed group mind, an organism or “vivisystem,” a petri through industrialization and are now exploring dish for viruses, high seas for information pirates, economies in which information technology has a battleground for a war between encrypters and become central. There are important technical, decrypters, eye candy for discreet consumers of moral, and political issues about conversion of a tsunami of pornography, a haven for vilified this minority into a majority, including whether minorities and those who seek escape from stulti- that would be a good thing, whether it is fying real-world locales, a world encyclopedia required by fairness, how much priority should or messy library or textbook or post office, chat be given to information technology in develop- “rooms” and schoolrooms and academic confer- ing countries especially relative to processes of ences, a vast playground or an office complex, a industrialization, and so forth. It is clear, how- cash cow for the dot.coms, The Widow Maker, ever, that desire for connection to the Net is not training wheels for new forms of delinquency a minority taste, something only for a military or practiced by script kiddies and warez d00des, a academic elite, but rather it corresponds closely wild frontier with very little law and order, the to the enormous demand for the ubiquitous com- glimmer in the eyes of virtual-reality creators, a puter itself at every social level. So the prospect workshop for Open Source programmers, a poll- of a global electronic metropolis, in which citizens ing booth for the twenty-first century, a market- can reliably be expected to be netizens, is not an place for mass speech, a jungle where children idle dream, or nightmare. The internet is so new are prey, a public square or global village, a mall that we don’t know yet whether it has an Aristo- or concert hall, a stake for homesteaders, a safari telian telos of some benign or malign nature, or 92 Internet Culture whether instead it will always be a loose and that the self is an outmoded social construct, disjointed Humean thing, evading every attempt and so forth. Postmodernist theory should be to discern an underlying unity. sharply distinguished from postmodern culture. Although the internet is bringing us together, The latter, however it is to be characterized in it also keeps us apart in two general ways. First, detail, is a large social fact; the former, whether time spent online is inevitably time spent in a it is true or false or meaningful or nonsensical, is greater or lesser degree of detachment from one’s precisely a theory; one can be a participant in physical surroundings, including local others. postmodern culture without espousing post- Second, the connection to distant others is itself modernist doctrine. Interpretations of postmodern a form of detachment, as coolly a matter of busi- culture, including many insightful ones, point to ness as online banking or as etiolated a form of the need for a theory of personhood and personal sociability as a chat room. The major issue about identity that does full justice to the changes in the former is simply time management. Almost us, and gives us a way of thinking constructively everyone has decided that local detachment is all about them. Many different disciplines, from right, because we do it when reading, watching philosophy to psychology, from linguistics to television, listening to music, and so forth. But sociology, from anthropology to literary studies, there are still questions about how internet use should converge so as to develop such a theory. will impact on these other forms of detachment, The internet is changing our relationship to for instance in reading less or, worse, less well. nature, not only in the way that postmodernist The latter issue is more complex. Detachment theorists emphasize, by “thickening” the layers of from distant others can be valued for purposes of images that mediate our perception of the external efficiency, as with banking, or because it affords world and our interactions with it, but also by anonymity to members of unpopular subcultures, starting to lessen the stress on nature caused by as with some chat rooms, or because one happens the technologies of the industrial revolution. The to find that level of sociability to one’s liking. two are related. The thickened layers can include There is not anything evidently wrong with any the images that constitute the emerging tech- of this, putting criminal or pathological cases aside nology of teleconferencing, and the lessened – hacking into banks, planning terrorist attacks, stress, we have reason to hope, will take the escaping from life, and so on. Perhaps the major form of reduced environmental damage caused issue about online detachment will have to do by planes, trains, and automobiles; alternatives with its transformation as more “bandwidth” gets to fossil fuel will depend, either at the research piped into our ever more versatile computers, stage or in implementation, on digital techno- giving them audiovisual and even tactile powers logy to harness the energy of the sun, the wind, to create experiences that are very different from hydrogen, and so forth. The layers can include invoking File Transfer Protocol from a command the electronic paper that is clearly visible now line to send scientific data from node A to node B. on the technological horizon, and the relief for The internet is also changing us. Users of the nature will be felt by our forests. The power of internet are not the people they would have been computer modeling should also be mentioned, a in the absence of the computer revolution. At new way of representing the world that is prov- one level this is a truism: experiences change us. ing its value for understanding, monitoring, and But many interpreters of postmodern culture, controlling natural processes, from the human the culture of postindustrial societies particularly genome to the weather; it is changing the way as influenced by information technology such as traditional sciences are undertaken as well as the internet (and computers, CDs, etc.), detect a birthing relatively new sciences such as cognitive change in us that is understated even by emphas- psychology, artificial intelligence, and nanotech- izing that our personalities have become differ- nology. These changes in the images or representa- ent. Some of these interpretations are pretentious tions that we rely upon are introducing social babble, including much theorizing that passes as changes as well, ranging from less reliance on postmodernist philosophy or psychology when the amenities of cities for educational and enter- it opines that there is nothing outside the text, tainment purposes, to new forms of populism as 93 Wesley Cooper groups organize on the internet despite lack of be . the thinking that inquires into the truth access to high-cost tools. The great engine of of Being and so defines man’s essential abode acculturation, schooling, is now producing genera- from Being and toward Being is neither ethics tions for whom computer use is second nature, nor ontology” (1977: 87). This chapter returns a presence in the classroom since the first year. to Heidegger under the heading of dystopian This large fact presents a challenge to the exist- inherence, making the case that Heidegger’s ence of a “mainstream culture,” since this gen- philosophy of technology does indeed betray a eration will be influenced by such various cultural significant value commitment, contrary to its aim forces that even the cultural fragmentation occa- at something more profound, a commitment that sioned by the 500-channel television will only undermines its authority as a model for under- hint at the upshot. Let this thought be the back- standing the internet. ground to the question whether the internet and The general Heideggerian idea of a value information technology not only are having im- inherent in technology is instanced in the state- pact on the larger culture, but also whether they ment that the high technology of factory farming, have a culture of their own. or “agribusiness,” is inseparable from a bad way of relating to nature, understanding it, and treat- ing it simply as something to be processed in wholesale fashion for satisfaction of human Internet Culture? appetites. Heidegger’s idea has been adopted mainly by dystopian theorists like his translator Is there internet culture, something more sub- Michael Heim, who argues in The Metaphysics stantial than shared mastery of the email or of Virtual Reality that the “Boolean logic” of chatroom “smiley,” or is that an oxymoron? Is the computer marks a “new psychic framework” the internet a tool, or something more? Is the that “cuts off the peripheral vision of the mind’s internet improving education or corrupting it? eye” and generates infomania (1993: 22, 25), Is the space of cyberspace a place to explore as he indicates in the following passage.
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