Belarusian Adventure
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Lithuanian Synagogues: from the First Descriptions to Systematic Research
arts Article Lithuanian Synagogues: From the First Descriptions to Systematic Research Vilma Gradinskaite Independent scholar, 05224 Vilnius, Lithuania; [email protected] Received: 4 March 2020; Accepted: 15 May 2020; Published: 21 May 2020 Abstract: The article presents an analysis of the development stages of synagogue research methodology in Lithuania during the four major historical periods of the country—Lithuania in the Russian Empire (1795–1918), Vilnius Region in the interwar period and the independent Republic of Lithuania (1918–1940), the Soviet period (1940–1990), and the independent Republic of Lithuania restored in 1990. Each chapter of the article deals with the issues of synagogue research, heritage conservation and management, while the part about the restored independent Republic of Lithuania and modern days includes topical issues related to synagogue restoration, commemoration and putting them into operation. The study uses two different sources: archival materials and publications. Written sources and publications are reviewed in chronological order and start from the end of the 18th century. The study employs several research methods—the historical descriptive method, the comparative method and the analysis method. Keywords: Lithuania; synagogues; conservation; restoration; renovation; rebuilding; management; commemoration 1. Introduction The article presents several fields of study: (1) a review of the first descriptions of synagogues in Lithuania; (2) an analysis of the development stages of synagogue research methodology in Lithuania; and (3) a brief reference to synagogue restoration, renovation, rebuilding, commemoration and putting into operation—topics which are currently particularly live in Lithuania today. It is not possible to understand the existing trends in synagogue research in Lithuania without considering the country’s past—the times of the Russian Empire, the interwar period and the Soviet period. -
The Story of Sarah from Ivatzevichi by Leonid Smilovitsky
The Story of Sarah from Ivatzevichi by Leonid Smilovitsky Sarah Kopeliansky of Ivatzevichi was the lone member The Kopelianskys spoke Yiddish and Polish. Bentzion of her immediate family to survive World War II. This story subscribed to Hebrew periodicals from Palestine, including recreates her pre-war life, recounts her service with partisans the newspaper Davar. The journals and newspaper files were fighting the Germans, and her fate to the present. Ivatzevichi bound and shared with friends. Benzoin never returned from belonged to Poland when she was born but is now located in Warsaw without gifts. To his daughter he brought sweets; to Belarus. his wife cuts of cloth, woolen fabric, fur collars for vests and dresses, even silver buttons. From the history of the townlet According to the Lithuanian Record, the estate of Ivatzevichi was transferred in 1519 to Jewish merchants from Grodno.1 From 1654 Ivatzevichi was known as the estate of Yan Victorian, Judge of Slonim, Elder of Skidel and Mosty. For a century it was part of the Slonim District, Novohrudok Province, in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1795. Not far off was “Merechevshchina,” the ancestral estate of Kosciusko.2 During 1863-1864, Ivatzevichi constituted part of the area involved in the uprising of Kastus Kalinovski against the Tsar’s government.3 The laying of the railroad from Brest to Moscow began next to Ivatzevichi in 1871. A small settlement arose where people engaged in forestry, ran a small distillery, a brick factory, and a water mill. During World War I, Ivatzevichi was occupied by the German armies of Kaiser Wilhelm II, and in 1919-1920 by those of Poland. -
Central European Horizons
Central european Horizons VOL. II https://horizontok.hu ISSUE 1 2021 ISSN 2732-0456 The City Left Behind: Changes in the Ethnic Composition of Vilnius During and After World War II Péter Bedők Doi: 10.51918/ceh.2021.1.4 [email protected] Pázmány Péter Catholic University Abstract The population of Wilno/Vilnius numbered over 200 000 people when the Second World War broke out. The city found itself at the crossroads of Po- lish, Lithuanian and belated Belarusian nation building efforts. In the first phase of the war, the multi-ethnic city which was also a centre of a voivods- hip and where Poles were the majority community, came under Lithuanian authority. The Soviet military and diplomatic actions played a key role in this change. The arrival of the Soviet troops halted the extensive “Lithua- nianization” process that had begun. As a result, tensions between the Polish community and the Lithuanian state eased. The Extermination of the Jewish population the city commenced with the German invasion on 24 June 1941. Before the Soviet troops reached the Vilnius Region, the Polish Home Army (AK) gained control over the rural areas. Despite the Polish plans, Vilnius was liberated with the help of the Soviet Red Army on 13 July 1944. The relationship between the Polish and the Soviet army quickly turned hostile. Moreover, violence continued to accompany population movement. Even though the Old Town remained largely intact, the demographic profile of Vilnius altered dramatically. First, it became a Russian dominated space. Following the collectivization, as a result of the influx of the Lithuanians intensified and they gradually became the majority in the city. -
Belarus, Kaliningrad and Gdansk
BELARUS, KALININGRAD AND GDANSK 11 days 3 travel type 10 nights countries Cultural We invite curious travelers to a journey to one of the least travelled parts of Europe and bring home memories from multiple cultural adventures: Discover Minsk – the capital city with impressive monumental buildings of Stalinist architecture. See the magnificent Belarusian palaces of Nesvizh and Mir (both UNESCO Heritage sites); Learn about the most tragic chapters of World War II while visiting the Brest Hero Fortress in Belarus; Visit the “Wolf Lair” in Poland, Hitler’s former field headquarters where he spent over 800 days during World War II; Find your own piece of amber in the Yantarny Amber Mine in the Kaliningrad region, where 90% of the world’s amber comes from; Stay in colorful Gdansk, the oldest city in Poland with a fascinating history. DESCRIPTION Day 1, Minsk Highlights: Minsk city tour Spend this evening to explore Minsk on your own. The city was largely destroyed during the WW2 and later rebuild as an excellent example of Stalinist Neo Classicism with wide avenues, impressive monumental buildings, imposing squares and public gardens. Minsk is a very clean and safe city, a perfect place for curious tourists looking for cultural discoveries. We invite you for a dinner at a traditional Belarussian restaurant. Do you think you know how to cook potato? Wait before you try Belorussian cuisine! Its no surprise that it makes the perfect match with vodka. Overnight: Minsk Meals: D Day 2, Minsk Highlights: Minsk city tour, the “Island of Tears” memorial During the morning city tour you will learn about 900 years history of Minsk, see the most remarkable monuments of the historical center, as well as impressive Neoclassic architecture built to replace ruins left after WW2, i. -
European and National Dimension in Research
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF BELARUS Polotsk State University EUROPEAN AND NATIONAL DIMENSION IN RESEARCH ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЙ И НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ КОНТЕКСТЫ В НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ MATERIALS OF VII JUNIOR RESEARCHERS’ CONFERENCE (Novopolotsk, April 29 – 30, 2015) In 3 Parts Part 1 HUMANITIES Novopolotsk PSU 2015 UDC 082 Publishing Board: Prof. Dzmitry Lazouski (chairperson); Dr. Dzmitry Hlukhau (vice-chairperson); Mr. Siarhei Piashkun (vice-chairperson); Dr. Maryia Putrava; Ms. Liudmila Slavinskaya Редакционная коллегия: д-р техн. наук, проф. Д. Н. Лазовский (председатель); канд. техн. наук, доц. Д. О. Глухов (зам. председателя); С. В. Пешкун (зам. председателя); канд. филол. наук, доц. М. Д. Путрова; Л. Н. Славинская The first two conferences were issued under the heading “Materials of junior researchers’ conference”, the third – “National and European dimension in research”. Junior researchers’ works in the fields of humanities, social sciences, law, sport and tourism are presented in the second part. It is intended for trainers, researchers and professionals. It can be useful for university graduate and post- graduate students. Первые два издания вышли под заглавием «Материалы конференции молодых ученых», третье – «Национальный и европейский контексты в научных исследованиях». В первой части представлены работы молодых ученых по гуманитарным, социальным и юридиче- ским наукам, спорту и туризму. Предназначены для работников образования, науки и производства. Будут полезны студентам, маги- странтам и аспирантам университетов. ISBN 978-985-531-494-4 (P. 1) © Polotsk State University, 2015 ISBN 978-985-531-493-7 MATERIALS OF VII JUNIOR RESEARCHERS’ CONFERENCE 2015 Linguistics, Literature, Philology LINGUISTICS, LITERATURE, PHILOLOGY UDC 821.111.09 GOTHIC REVIVAL IN THE WORKS OF THOMAS CHATTERTON MARYIA ANISIMAVA, IVAN SAVERCHENKO Polotsk State University, Belarus The second half of the 18th century in the history of English literature envisages the decline of Enlightenment ideas under the influence of the gradually increscent Romantic movement. -
GRODNO, Belarus GRODNO, Belarus 69Th Session of the Commission
69th Session of the Commission GRODNO, Belarus GRODNO, Belarus 69th Session of the Commission Population: 357 000 people Administrative districts Area: 142 кm2 1 - Leninsky GRODNO IS HOME TO 451 2 - Oktyabrsky BELARUSIAN HISTORICAL Ethnic Composition: AND CULTURAL SITES, Belarusians, Poles, Russians, Jews, 388 OF WHICHARE Ukrainians, etc. LOCATED IN GRODNO CITY CENTER Religious Composition: Orthodox, Catholics, Protestants, Jews, etc. The city’s unique historical center – monument to the XII-XX century urban planning style GRODNO, Belarus 69th Session of the Commission WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY Opened in 2017 In 2020, the facility treated 162,000 tons of waste 44 000 tons were used by the enterprise 6 000 tons of recycled materials were generated. The sale of recycled materials amounted to 25% of the total revenue of the facility In 2021, we plan to install additional equipment for deeper waste recycling, which will increase recycled material recovery up to 58% GRODNO, Belarus 69th Session of the Commission ENERGY-EFFICIENT HOUSING 120-apartment energy-efficient residential building 2nd generation Saw the commissioning at March 2017 Innovative heating, ventilation and heat supply systems have been introduced. The technologies of recuperation, the use of heat from the ground, urban collectors and gray drains have been applied Equipment and engineering solutions reduce traditional The average heat consumption in the house is 15 kWh per cubic energy consumption meter per year. In energy-efficient houses of the first generation, this figure is 39 kWh GRODNO, Belarus 69th Session of the Commission Kolozha Park GREEN AREAS More than 7,000 trees and bushes are planted in the city every year The area of green zones in Grodno Rumlevo amounts to 44,5 кm2, which equals to 31.3% of the city's total area The largest green urban area is 4 parks - park «Kolozhsky», forest parks «Pyshki», «Rumlevo», «Lososno». -
Beginnings ¶ the Little Town of Lunna Was Established In
Lunna -The town boasted for its shoemakers, tailors, home לונע .Pol. Łunna, Bel. Лунна, Yid owners, annual-fair days, market days, as well as for its fires. Yitzchak Eliashberg, Memoirs from Lunna, http://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/lunna Beginnings ¶ The little town of Lunna divided into two parts: the royal town was established in 1531 on the order and the land belonging to the Sapieha of Queen Bona, who also gave permis- family. On the private estate, a settle- sion for a marketplace and a tavern to ment named Wola emerged, and the be established there. The name Lunna Jews moved there in 1785 after a fire in derives from the Baltic word łunas Lunna. The name Lunna-Wola is often (“mud”), or from the name of a marsh found in the literature. bird, łuń (“harrier”). The settlement was „ Once there was a little shtetl named Lunna. It was situated near the southern bank of the Nieman River and was surrounded by its lush green forests. A small town populated by 300 Jewish families, which was not known for its geniuses, famous rabbis, bright disciples or by any kind of glorious history whatsoever despite the fact that it was written in the Community’s historical documents that it had been traversed by the Napoleon armies at the time of his war against Russia. Trotzky also visited the headquar- ters, which were temporarily situated inside one of the town’s houses, at the time of the war between the Bolsheviks [and] the Poles. ¶ Yitzchak Eliashberg, Memoirs from Lunna, http://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/lunna The Jews of Lunna ¶ Most likely, the inhabited by 665 people, mainly Jews; Jewish community of Lunna emerged Lunna and Wola had separate syna- in the second half of the 16th century. -
Castles, Fortresses, Towers
www.belarustourism.by hospitality beyond borders Castles, Fortresses, Towers Islands of inviolacy and puissance in the ocean of the centuries-long history Castles, Fortresses, Towers 1 11 2 9 5 12 16 6 7 12 3 11 8 17 4 14 3 13 3 1 13 4 19 10 18 14 5 15 6 Table of content 1. Mir Castle . .2 16 2. Nesvizh Castle and Palace Ensemble . 4 3. Novogrudok castle . .6 7 4. Lubcha Castle. 8 5. Krevo Castle . 10 6. Golshany Castle. .11 17 7. Grodno Castles. 12 8. Bykhov Castle . .13 8 9. Smolyany castle . .14 10. Mozyr Castle. 15 11. Lida castle. 16 18 12. Zaslavl Castle . .17 13. Synkovichi Bastion Church. .18 9 14. Malomazheyki Church. 19 15. Kamai Catholic Church. .20 16. Haityushniki House-castle . .21 19 17. Bobrujsk fortress. 22 10 18. Brest Fortress . 23 19. Kamenets Tower . 24 Родовые дворцы и усадьбы ear travelers! Are you craving for the medieval mysteries and unforgettable impressions, exciting trips and new discoveries? Welcome to Belarus! It is often called “the country of castles”. The first stone fortresses appeared here in the XIIth century! The tower of Kamenets rising on the western border of Belarus has been an amazing example of the beauty and grace for more than 7 centuries. Mir and Nesvizh castles included into the UNESCO World Heritage list are stunning and unique constructions. Brest fortress walls remember lots of historic events – tragic as well as fascinating. In this edition we present the most interesting objects of the defense architecture of Belarus. However there are far more of them than this brochure can include. -
Polish Jewry: a Chronology Written by Marek Web Edited and Designed by Ettie Goldwasser, Krysia Fisher, Alix Brandwein
Polish Jewry: A Chronology Written by Marek Web Edited and Designed by Ettie Goldwasser, Krysia Fisher, Alix Brandwein © YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 2013 The old castle and the Maharsha synagogue in Ostrog, connected by an underground passage. Built in the 17th century, the synagogue was named after Rabbi Shmuel Eliezer Eidels (1555 – 1631), author of the work Hidushei Maharsha. In 1795 the Jews of Ostrog escaped death by hiding in the synagogue during a military attack. To celebrate their survival, the community observed a special Purim each year, on the 7th of Tamuz, and read a scroll or Megillah which told the story of this miracle. Photograph by Alter Kacyzne. YIVO Archives. Courtesy of the Forward Association. A Haven from Persecution YIVO’s dedication to the study of the history of Jews in Poland reflects the importance of Polish Jewry in the Jewish world over a period of one thou- sand years, from medieval times until the 20th century. In early medieval Europe, Jewish communities flourished across a wide swath of Europe, from the Mediterranean lands and the Iberian Peninsu- la to France, England and Germany. But beginning with the first crusade in 1096 and continuing through the 15th century, the center of Jewish life steadily moved eastward to escape persecutions, massacres, and expulsions. A wave of forced expulsions brought an end to the Jewish presence in West- ern Europe for long periods of time. In their quest to find safe haven from persecutions, Jews began to settle in Poland, Lithuania, Bohemia, and parts of Ukraine, and were able to form new communities there during the 12th through 14th centuries. -
22413030 | Epost :[email protected]| Web : Karl Johans Gt
Tel : +47 22413030 | Epost :[email protected]| Web :www.reisebazaar.no Karl Johans gt. 23, 0159 Oslo, Norway Best of Belarus Turkode Destinasjoner Turen starter MI Hviterussland - Polen Turen destinasjon Reisen er levert av 10 dager Fra : NOK 22 183 Oversikt Belarus is a country full of intrigue, with a noticeably Soviet feel thanks to its distinctive Brutalist architecture. In stark contrast explore the flora and fauna in the Berezinsky National Park. This trip appeals to those looking to discover a different side to Europe. Minsk - Explore the Belarusian capital and uncover its Soviet history and unique Brazilian-Belarusian fusion street art Castles - Admire the grandeur of the UNESCO-Listed Mir Castle, Brest Fortress and Nesvizh Castle Vitebsk - See one of Belarus's most historic and attractive towns and learn about the artist Marc Chagall Reiserute Day 1 Arrive in Minsk. This exciting 10-day adventure to Belarus begins in the capital city. For those arriving on time our Leader plans to meet you in the hotel reception at 8.30pm for the welcome meeting and for those that wish, there is the chance to go out for dinner. There are no other activities planned today, so you are free to arrive in Minsk at any time. If you would like to receive a complimentary airport transfer today, you'll need to arrive into Minsk National Airport (MSQ), which is around one hours' drive. Should you miss the welcome meeting, your Leader will inform you of any essential information as soon as you catch up. If your flight arrives earlier in the day, perhaps you might choose to get a taste of the city and to sample Belarusian cuisine. -
BELARUS: an Orthodox Nation?
FORUM 18 NEWS SERVICE, Oslo, Norway http://www.forum18.org/ The right to believe, to worship and witness The right to change one's belief or religion The right to join together and express one's belief This article was published by F18News on: 13 November 2003 BELARUS: An Orthodox Nation? By Geraldine Fagan, Forum 18 News Service <http://www.forum18.org> President Aleksandr Lukashenko has implied that Belarus is an Orthodox nation. However this is strongly disputed by those who point to the long history and present existence on Belarusian territory of other confessions. It has been suggested to Forum 18 News Service by an anonymous Orthodox source that the reason for the President's claim is that he "can't reject religion outright as it is too significant, so he needs to be able to rely on it." So, "he takes the first thing which comes to hand and is the largest - the Orthodox Church - not because he is Orthodox or because he cares about the Church but only because of that." An anonymous Protestant source agreed that politicians in Belarus were trying to use the Orthodox Church for political purposes. "The Orthodox Church is the basis of our faith," Belarusian President Aleksandr Lukashenko told parliamentarians during his four-hour state of the nation address in April this year. According to the republic's 2002 religion law, the Orthodox Church plays "the defining role in the state traditions of the Belarusian people", something which government officials are obliged to take into account in their dealings with other religious organisations. -
T. Bernatowicz (Z Zespołem), Archi- Ciechanowieckiego 6 Października 2009 R
Originalveröffentlichung in: Kronika Zamkowa, Nr. 1-2 (59-60) (2010), S. 37-46 Tadeusz Bernatowicz DZIEDZICTWO KULTUROWE NA BIAŁORUSI W INICJATYWACH I DZIAŁALNOŚCI PROFESORA ANDRZEJA CIECHANOWIECKIEGO ZIEMIA PRZODKÓW - TRWAŁOŚĆ PAMIĘCI litycznych i społecznych, ale nadzieja na nie egzystowała wtedy jeszcze w sferze Znakomity pisarz Eustachy Rylski, za mglistych marzeń i życzeń. głębiony w przeszłości, o powieści Wa Podróż-pielgrzymka na Kresy zawiera runek, której akcja rozgrywa się w cza ła w sobie dwie przenikające się per sach napoleońskich, powiedział, że zo spektywy, jakże ważne dla zrozumienia stała „w całości napisana z pamięci". Po istoty działalności Andrzeja Ciechano proszony o wyjaśnienie odpowiedział wieckiego na Białorusi. Jedną z nich jest pytaniem: Jeżeli w genach dziedziczy dbanie o utrwalanie pamięci o dziedzic my własny los, to dlaczego nie mogliby twie przodków, siedzibach antenatów śmy dziedziczyć czegoś tak trywialnego i rodów z Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskie jak pamięć? Być może dostaje się nam go. Jednocześnie jako drugą perspekty coś z pamięci naszych przodków?"1. wę traktować należy otwarcie się na I choć można to uznać za przykład lite współczesną Białoruś, państwo, które te rackiej wyobraźni, to jakże jest ona bliska rytorialnie i narodowościowo stanowi doświadczeniom emocjonalnym zarów częściowego spadkobiercę dawnego no piszącego te słowa, jak i wielu Pola Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, szcze ków, którzy ziemię ojców na Kresach gólnie w wymiarze wielokulturowości musieli opuścić i którzy genetycznie i wielonarodowościowego składu spo stamtąd się wywodzą. łecznego. Głównym przesłaniem stało Jeśli akceptować tę specyficzną per się pojednanie, wzajemne zrozumienie spektywę historiozoficzną i psycholo i współpraca dwóch narodów, polskiego giczną o dziedziczeniu pamięci przod i białoruskiego, dawniej zamieszkują ków, to jakie miejsca stanowiłyby owe cych jedno państwo, Rzeczpospolitą retrospekcyjne przestrzenie Jubilata Obojga Narodów.