Cartographic Activities in 2007-2011

National Report to the 15th General Assembly of ICA Paris, France, July 2011 www.geomatikk.ntnu.no/NorwayCartography

Trondheim/Hønefoss

June 22nd, 2011

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   www.geomatikk.ntnu.no/NorwayCartography  CartographicActivitiesinNorway2007Ͳ2011 NationalReporttothe15thGeneralAssemblyofICA Paris,France,July2011    Introduction......  page3 CartographicSocieties......  page4 GovernmentalInstitutions......  page6 LargeCityMunicipalities......  page26 PrivateCompanies......  page29 CartographicEducation......  page47 CartographicResearch......  page49

Introduction ThisistheNorwegianreportdescribingCartographicactivitiesinNorwayoverthelastyears.The contentsofthereportisbasedoncontributionfrominvitedgovernmentalinstitutions,private companiesandeducational/researchinstitutions.Thecallforcontributionresultedinpositive answersfrommorethanhalfoftheinvitedpartners.Hence,theactivitiespresentedinthisreport havetobeconsideredasaninsightintheCartographicactivitiesinNorwayratherthanafull overview.Themostcentralinstitutions/companiesarehoweverrepresentedinthereport. Eachinstitution/companyisintroducedtogetherwithacoupleofexamplesofCartographic products. ThematerialinthisreportisalsopresentedontheWebͲsite: www.geomatikk.ntnu.no/NorwayCartography  EditorialBoard:  KristofferJ.Kristiansen,NorwegianMappingAuthority([email protected])  KarstenLien,NorwegianMappingAuthority([email protected])  TerjeMidtbø,NorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology(terjem.ntnu.no) Editor:  TerjeMidtbø,NorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology(terjem.ntnu.no)

3 Cartographic Societies



GeoForum GeoForumwasfoundedin1969andistheNorwegianmembershiporganizationofICA.Thisisthe nationalassociationforpeoplewhoworkwithinGeomatics.ThemissionofGeoForumisto promotetheuseofgeographicinformation,shareinformationandknowledge,contributeto recruitment,buildnetworksetc.GeoForumisanassociationconsistingofacentralsecretariatand 15localorganizations.Inaddition5centrallyorganizeddisciplineͲorientedgroupsareincludedin GeoForum. CoursesandconferencesaremainactivitiesinGeoForum.Yearlymanymeetingsarearranged withindifferentfieldsofinterests.GeoForumalsoorganizesanannualconference(GeoForum 2oXX)wherevariousCartographicworksarepresented.ContributionstotheICCexhibitionare selectedfromthisnational"competition".InmanyyearsJanTerjeBjørkeandKristofferKristiansen haveevaluatedthemapexhibition.WearesorrytosaythatJanTerjeBjørke,Professoranda centralpersoninNorwegianCartography,passedawayatanageof63thisspring. Anationalexhibitionofmapdrawingsmade byschoolchildrenisalsohostedbythis conference.Thebestcontributionsaresentto theBarbaraPetchenikChildren'sWorldMap CompetitionatICC. Inadditiontothecentralconferencemanyof thelocalGeoForumorganizationsarrange localconferencesannuallyoreverysecond year. In2009GeoForumhostedaNordiccoursein Cartography.Thiswasasuccessorofthe earlier"Nordicsummerschoolin Cartography"whichwasorganizedannually alternatingbetweentheNordiccountries.The arrangementinStavanger2009gathered about60participantsfromtheNordic countries. Figure1:TheNorwegianmapjuryformanyyears ͲJanTerjeBjørkeandKristofferJ.Kristiansen.   ICACommissionswithNorwegianrepresentation: EducationandTraining:TerjeMidtbø Geovisualization:TerjeMidtbø MapsandtheInternet:SverreIversen MountainCartography:KristofferJ.Kristiansen

4  Figure2:SectionoftheNorwegianwinneroftheMapexhibitiononthe24thInternational CartographicConference,Chile2009(Hydrographicalmaps).ThemapismadebytheHydrographic DivisionattheNorwegianMappingAuthority. 

5 Governmental Institutions AsinmostcountriesNorwayhasdifferentgovernmentalinstitutionswhichmanagedigital geographicalinformationfordifferentsectorsandpurposes.Asapartofthisresponsibilitythese institutionsalsomaketopologicalandthematicmapsinbothanalogueanddigitalformats.Below someofthemostcentralinstitutionsarepresentedtogetherwithsomeexamplesoncartographic developmentoverthelastyears.



NorwegianMappingAuthority http://www.statkart.no/eng/Norwegian_Mapping_Authority/ TheNorwegianMappingAuthoritycollects,systematises,managesanddisseminatespublicspatial informationatahighlevelofprecision,tothebenefitofourusersandsocietyasawhole.Asthe nationalLandRegistryauthority,wesecurerightsinrealpropertyandhousingcooperativeshares througheffectiveregistrationservices. TheMappingAuthorityleadsandmanagestheworkonthenationalinfrastructureforspatial information.TheregionsweareresponsibleforincludetheNorwegianlandareas,coastalregions andseas. Asthenationalexpertauthorityinourdisciplinaryareas,weareresponsibleforthenational developmentintheseareas,andmustalsocontributetotheinternationaldevelopmentinthe field.TheMappingAuthorityisapublicagencyundertheMinistryoftheEnvironment.

Anationalinfrastructure TheMappingAuthority'smostimportanttaskistoestablishandmanageanationalinfrastructure ofgeographicinformationandpublicpropertyinformation.ThisworktakesplacethroughNorway Digital,apublicsectorcollaboration,andincludesclosecooperationwithlocalmunicipalitiesand largepublicproducersandusersofgeographicinformation.TheNorwegianMappingAuthority organisesandmanagesthiscollaboration.  Ourresponsibilitiesinclude: x anationalgeodeticreferenceframe x servicesforaccurateremotesensingofcoordinates x theproductionandmanagementofnationaldigitalmapseries(landandnautical) x theproductionofnationalprintedmapseries(landandnautical)andpublications (nautical) x registrationofrealpropertyandsharesinhousingcooperatives x theoperationofthenationalregistriesforpublicpropertyinformation(TheNew CadastreandtheLandRegistry) x nationalstandardsformapsandgeographicinformation x thecoordinationandmanagementoftheworkonthenationalinfrastructurefor geographicinformationthroughthepublicsectorcollaborationNorwayDigital x thedisseminationofdataandservices x theoperationoftheinternationalelectronicnavigationalchartcentre,Primar

6 Finances TheMappingAuthority'soperationisfinancedthroughthestatecommissionthatisincludedinthe budgetoftheMinistryoftheEnvironment.Until2010,theLandRegistrywasfinancedthroughthe budgetoftheMinistryofJusticeandthePolice,butasof2011theMinistryoftheEnvironment hasbeengiventhebudgetaryresponsibilityfortheLandRegistry.Inaddition,theMapping Authority'scollaboratorcontributessignificantresourcestojointmappingprojectsthroughjoint financing. TheMappingAuthorityalsoreceivesincomefromthesaleofmaps,mappingdataandproperty information.

Areasofresponsibility TheNorwegianMappingAuthorityhastwomainrolesthatarecloselyintertwined  NorwayDigital Weleadandmanagetheworkonthenationalgeographicinfrastructurethroughthe publicsectorcollaborationNorwayDigital.  Nationalauthorityandproduction Wecarryouttasksrelatedtoourrolesasanationalauthority,anationalexpertagency andanationalproducerofgeographicinformation.Wealsodisseminatedatasetsand services,andpromoteincreaseduseofspatialdata.

NorwayDigital NorwayDigitalistheNorwegiangovernment'sinitiativetobuildthenationalgeographical infrastructure.NorwayDigitalissince2005aworkingcoͲoperationandinfrastructurewith referencedataandthematicdataavailable,morethan100operationalwebmapservices, geoportalandotherservices.ThusNorwayDigitalisanexistingimplementationofthe infrastructuredescribedbytheEuropeanInspireͲdirective.” NorwayDigitalisabroadcollaborationbetweenpublicsectoragenciesandbusinessesthatare responsiblefortheproductionofspatialinformationand/orarelargeconsumersofsuch information.Thecollaborationmainlyincludespublicagenciessuchasmunicipalities,counties, energycompaniesandnationalagencies.Therearemorethan600partnersparticipatinginthe collaboration. ThroughNorwayDigital,allpublicspatialinformationthatthepartiesareresponsiblefor,aremade availabletothepartiesthemselvesandtothegeneralpublic.Allpartiesmakeanannualfinancial contributiontothecollaboration. TheNorwegianMappingAuthoritycoordinatesandleadsthenationalandregionalcollaborations. Weareresponsiblefortheorganisationalagreementsaswellasthetechnicalagreementsthatthe collaborationisbasedon,andweensurethattheseagreementsareobserved. Wemustensurethatthereareguidelines,systemsandroutinesforthecollectionofdataandfor enteringthedatainthedatabases.Weareresponsibleforthedevelopmentandfacilitationof nationalstandardsandforensuringthatthepartnerscomplywiththese. TheNorwegianMappingAuthorityalsodevelopsandoperatesservicesthatmakebothdataand metadata(informationaboutdata)withinNorwayeasilyaccessibledigitallyontheinternetandto theusers.

7 NorwayDigitalwillcontinuetobeanimportantsuperstructureforlargepartsoftheMapping Authority'sactivities.

 Figure3:TheWebportalformapsin"NorwayDigital".  Statecommissionandjointfinancing TheMappingAuthority'sgovernanceandproductiontasksaredefinedbytheMinistryofthe EnvironmentthroughthestatecommissionintheannualBudgetPropositions. Thegeodetictask,nauticalchartingandmanagementtasksarefullyfinancedthroughtheNational Budget(statecommission).Theworkonestablishingandmanagingbasicspatialdatafortheland areaslargelytakesplaceincollaborationwithmunicipalitiesandotherlargepublicusersofmaps throughjointfinancingschemeswithintheGeovekstcollaboration.Thiscollaborationincludes430 municipalities,theNorwegianPublicRoadsAdministration,Telenor,energycompanies,agricultural producersandtheMappingAuthority.TheGeovekstcollaborationisaveryimportantsupplierof datatoNorwayDigital.In2010,NOK135mwereinvestedinGeovekstprojects.

Organisation TheNorwegianMappingAuthorityisorganisedinfourdivisions:TheGeodeticInstitute,Mapping andCadastreandtheLandRegistryarelocatedinourHønefossheadquarters,whilethe HydrographicServiceislocatedinStavanger.Inaddition,wehave12countymappingoffices,as wellasaregionalofficeoftheLandRegistryinUllensvanginHardanger.Ourcustomerservice centreisalsolocatedinUllensvang.WehaveageodeticearthobservatoryinNyͲÅlesundon Svalbard. TheGeodeticInstitute TheInstituteisresponsibleforthenationalgeodeticreferenceframe.Thisisthebasisforall determinationsofcoordinates,surveyingandmapping.TheInstituteoperatesthenational servicesforremotesensingofcoordinates,DposandCpos.Italsoprovidessurveysand determinationsofnationalreferenceframes,geoidandheightreferencesurfaces,orthometric

8 heightandlanduplift.

 Figure4:TheNorwegianMappingAuthority’sGeodeticobservatoryinNyͲÅlesund.Photo:BjørnͲ OweHolmberg.  TheMappingandCadastreDivision Thisdivisionisresponsibleforproducingandmanagingmappingdataandothergeographic informationaboutthelandareas.TheDivisioncollaborateswithmunicipalitiesandotherpublic agencies.TheCountyMappingOfficesmaintainacollaborativerelationshipwiththerespective counties.TheDivisionisresponsibleforthenewnationalregistryofpublicpropertyinformation, TheNewCadastre(matrikkelen).TheDivisionalsomanagesthetasksrelatedtotheActonPlace Names(Lovomstedsnavn),theNationalRegistryofAviationHazardsandadministrative boundaries,andprotectshistoricmapsandaerialphotographs.TheDivisionheadsthepublic sectorcollaborationNorwayDigitalonbehalfoftheentireNorwegianMappingAuthority. TheLandRegistry Thisdivisionisresponsiblefortheregistryofrealpropertyandsharesinhousingcooperatives,and isthusalsoresponsibleforthemanagementofthetheNationalLandRegistry.Theregistryofreal propertytakesplaceattheMappingAuthority'sheadquartersinHønefoss.Theregistryofshares inhousingcooperativestakesplaceinUllensvang,whichisalsothelocationofourcustomer centre. TheHydrographicService ThisServiceisresponsibleforsurveyingtheNorwegiancoastline,includingpolarwaters,andfor preparingandupdatingnauticalchartsanddescriptionsofthesewaters.Theactivitiesalsoinclude studiesoftidesandcurrentsandpublishingtidetables.TheHydrographicServicehasthe operationalresponsibilityfortheinternationalelectronicnavigationalchartcentrePrimar.



NorwegianPolarInstitute http://npweb.npolar.no/english TheNorwegianPolarInstituteisdedicatedtoscientificresearch,mappingandenvironmental monitoringintheArcticandtheAntarcticregions.TheinstituteadvisesNorwegianauthorityon

9 mattersconcerningpolarissues,andisNorway’scompetentenvironmentalauthorityinAntarctica. OfNPI’s160employees,thereare8peopleintheMappingsectionworkingwithmapsand visualizationofgeographicalinformation.Productsaretopographicalmaps,geologicalmaps, books,reportsandpapers.TopoSvalbardisanexampleofamapportalontheInternet TopographicalmapsofSvalbardin1:100.000scaleareourmainmapseries.Itispublishedboth digitallyandaspapermaps.Wealsopublishmapsinsmallerscalesandvarioustouristmaps.We handletheentiremappingprocessfromfieldworkuntilthedigitalfilesaresenttotheprinters. Examplesfromourproduction:

 Figure5:S100ͲA6Krossfjorden,Svalbard 

 Figure6:S250ͲSheet2NortWest,Svalbard

10  Figure7:TOPOSVALBARD(www.npolar.no). 

GeologicalSurveyofNorway(NGU) http://www.ngu.no/enͲgb/ TheGeologicalSurveyofNorwayisthecountry'scentralorganisationforthecollection,processing anddistributionofinformationonthebedrockgeology,superficialdeposits,mineralresourcesand groundwaterofNorway. NGUisagovernmentagencyundertheadministrationoftheMinistryofTradeandIndustry.NGU currentlyhas225employees.AnincreasingnumberͲcurrentlyover100ͲareusingGISintheir workcoveringthewholecartographicprocessfromcollectinginformationtodeliveringuser

11 orientedmaps,oftenasInternetmapservicesinadditiontosomesortofprintedproduct.NGU makesatthismoment22datasetsand15WMSͲservicesaccessiblethroughthenationalSDI "NorwayDigital".ThedatamanagementgroupinNGUhas17employees,organizedinan InformationDivision.Thegroupworksonallcartographicactivities,withaspecialfocuson developingandmanagingthegeographicdatabasesandmapservices.TheMapservicesare availableatwww.ngu.no.InrecentyearstheuseofOpenSourceGeospatialSoftwareformap servicesandwebmapshasincreased.Therehasbeenworkonconnectingtextualinformationto themapsthrough"factsheets"(image)anddevelopingmoreuserorientedmapstobedirectly usedinplanningthroughclassificationsbasedonestimatedvaluesofgeologicalresources(local, regionalandnationallyimportantresources).Twoexamplesofsuchmapservicesareshown below.

 Figure8:Sand&Graveldatabaseandmapservice.

12  Figure9:MAREANOservice(www.mareano.no)containstopography,sedimentcomposition, contaminants,biotopesandhabitatsinNorwegianwaters.Thefigureshowsgrainsizedistribution ofseabedsediments.



NorwegianDirectorateforNatureManagement http://english.dirnat.no/ TheNorwegianDirectorateforNatureManagementisoneoffivegovernmentagenciesunderthe MinistryoftheEnvironment.WeserveasanexecutiveandadvisorybodyfortheMinistry,andour mainareasofresponsibilityareoutdoorrecreationandtheconservationandsustainableuseof biodiversity. Wehaveastaffofabout300,themajoritybasedinTrondheim.Mostofushaveuniversity qualifications,andinmanycasesascientificbackground,butwealsoofferexpertiseinlaw,the socialsciences,economicsandthehumanities. WeassisttheGovernmentinitsenvironmentalprotectionworkatnationalandinternationallevel. WeareresponsibleforimplementingtheGovernment’senvironmentalpolicy,andforidentifying, preventinganddealingwithenvironmentalproblems. Threepeopleareinvolvedinproducingmapsandvisualizations.Twohavemaster’sdegreesin GeographyfromtheDepartmentofGeography,andonedidamaster’sdegreeinPhotogrammetry /RemoteSensingattheDepartmentofGeodesyandPhotogrammetry.Bothdepartmentsare withNTNUinTrondheim. Thesearesomeofourproducts: x Naturebaseisadatabasewhichisusedforproductionofwebbasedmap,papermaps anddistributionofspatialdatatostakeholdersandthegeneralpublic x Visualizationsofalienspecies x Preparationofmapsfordevelopmentofpolicies

13 x Mapsforactionplansrelatedtofocusspecies x Cariboumaps x Wildernessmaps x Ramsarareareporting

Wearecurrentlyworkingonupgradingourcorespatialdatabasesystem,Naturebase,from version3toversion4.Thiswillstreamlinetheimportsystemfrommunicipalitiesthroughcounty levelsanduptonationallevel.Itwillhopefullyalsoshortenthetimefromfieldsurveystodatais availableformanagementpurposesonthesamelevels. In2009theDirectorateconcludedtheanalysisofchangesinwildernessstatusforNorwayinthe period2003to2008.Updatedversionsofwildernessmapsbackto1988werealsomade. ¯

«¬C

Oversiktsbilde tilfall alt C

Tegnforklaring

Økt INON og villmarksprega natur (C) Økt villmarksprega natur (C) Økt INON (C) Trasévalg C Reversert ved C INON per 2008 1-3 km fra inngrep 3-5 km fra inngrep >5 km fra inngrep

Kartgrunnlag: Norge digitalt, DN Kartproduksjon: Direktoratet for Naturforvaltning

Km 01,25 2,5 5 7,5 10  Figure10:Theremovalofpowerlinesleadstoanincreaseofwildernesslikeareas.Themapisfrom anevaluationoftotalthreealternativeswherethisalternativewaschosen.

14 

 Figure11:Overviewofinfrastructure(roadsandpowergrids)withamapofunaffectedareasand amapofwildernesslikeareas.



TheNorwegianForestandLandscapeInstitute http://www.skogoglandskap.no/en/ TheNorwegianForestandLandscapeInstitute(Skogoglandskap)isconductingresearchand providinginformationaboutthelandresources;includinglandcover,forest,soil,vegetationand landscape. SkogoglandskapisaleadingNorwegianscientificinstitutionregardinguseofforestresources, forestecology,landscapeandlandmonitoring.Theinstituteisalsoresponsibleforarangeof nationalmappingprogrammesandresourceinventoriesrelatedtolandcover,forestry,agriculture, landscapeandtheenvironment–includingtheNorwegianpartofthepanͲEuropeanCORINELand Covermap. TheinstituteisanationalinstituteundertheMinistryofAgricultureandFood.Skogoglandskap providesknowledgetotheauthorities,industry,commerceandthepublicinordertocontributeto thesustainablemanagementandformationofvaluesoflandresourcesthroughresearchanddata collecting. Theinstitutehasapproximately220employeesintotal.ThemainofficeisinÅs,justsouthof, andregionalofficesareinNorthernNorway,MidͲNorwayandWesternNorway. Thedataarecollectedthroughfieldsurveys,byimageinterpretationorautomaticallyretrievedby computerassistedimageprocessing.Thecollecteddataarepresentedindifferentways;as

15 reports,statisticsandmaps.Theinstituteproducesalargenumberofvariousthematicmaps,both onpaperandontheweb.Severaldepartmentsandskilledemployeesareinvolvedinthemap designing.Agreateffortisbeingputintocartographytoensurethattheproductsarereadable mapsofhighqualitythatiseasytounderstand.Examplesofthematicmapsaree.g.landresource mapinscale1:50000forall430municipalitiesandinscale1:250000forallcountiesinNorway, grazinglandforsheepandcattleinscale1:20000andriskforerosioninarablelandinscale1:10 000. Themajorityofthesoftwareusedbytheinstituteisproprietary;thedataarestoredinOracle objectͲrelationaldatabase,andESRI’sArcSDEandArcGISareusedfortheproductionofpaper maps.However,theuseofopensourcesoftwareisexpanding,andmoreandmoredataarestored inPostgreSQLobjectͲrelationaldatabaseusingPostGISandGeoToolsfordifferentGIStasks.Paper mapsarestillmadeusingArcMap.Ourinternetapplicationforviewinganddownloadingmapsis entirelybasedonopensourcesoftwarelikeGeoServer,MapServer,OpenLayersandGeoExt. 

 Figure12:PapermapͲRiskforerosion1:10000,2010.

16  Figure13:InternetapplicationͲLandresources1:50000(kilden.skogoglandskap.no),2011. 

DirectorateforCulturalHeritage http://www.riksantikvaren.no/English/ TheDirectorateforCulturalHeritageisresponsibleforthemanagementofallarchaeologicaland architecturalmonumentsandsitesandculturalenvironmentsinaccordancewithrelevant legislation. Weensurethatculturalheritageconsiderationsaretakenintoaccountinallplanningprocesses, andthattheinterestsofculturalheritagearesafeguardedatalllevelsinthesamewayasthe interestsofsocietyasawhole. Througheducationandinformationweareresponsibleforincreasingawarenessamongthe generalpublicaboutthevalueofculturalheritage.Wearealsotheappealsbodyfordecisions madebyculturalheritageauthoritiesatcountyandregionallevel. Oftheca.150employeesatthedirectorate,approximately10areinvolvedincartography.Our maineffortisinensuringthatgeographicdataforculturalheritagemonumentsarereadily availableforregionalandlocalmanagementauthorities,wherethemostimportantmap productiontakesplace. ThreeofourmostimportantprojectsaretheNorwegianNationalCulturalHeritageDatabase, CulturalHeritageSearchandMedievalGIS.

TheNorwegianNationalCulturalHeritageDatabase. In2003theNorwegianDirectorateforCulturalHeritagelaunchedanewdatabaseoverlegally protectedCulturalHeritageobjectsinNorway.Thedatabaseincludesinformationon archaeologicalsitesandmonuments,Samiculturalheritage,maritimeheritage,aswellas

17 protectedbuildingsandchurches.Oneofthemostimportantfeaturesofthedatabaseistheuseof GISinsearchingandmaintainingdata.Thedatabaseisavailableovertheinternettomanagement authoritiesandresearchers.Thedatabasecurrentlycontainsinformationon135,000localities containing280,000singleobjects. Whilethedatabaseiscentralized,theadditionofnewrecords,andupdatingofexistingdatais decentralized.Regionalculturalheritagemanagementauthoritiesareresponsibleforupdatingthe contentofthedatabase.Thisprovidesaccurateandupdatedinformationtoallmanagementlevels simultaneously.WMSservicesfromthedatabasehavegreatlycontributedtobettercontact betweenculturalheritagemanagersandplannersanddevelopers.Theeasyavailabilityofthisdata hasalsoincreasedthevisibilityofculturalheritagewithinplanprocesses.

 Figure14:TheNorwegianNationalCulturalHeritageDatabase.

CulturalHeritageSearch(Kulturminnesøk) CulturalHeritageSearchisaneditedversionofthedatafoundintheNationalHeritagedatabase, andthepresentationanddatathatisavailableisdirectedtowardsthepublic.Thedatabaseuses cachedmapsandaerialphotographsastheprimaryentrancetothelargedatabase.Theindividual heritageobjectsarepresentedwithpictures,moviesanddescriptionwrittenforthepublic.The publicisalsoencouragedtoincludetheirowncommentsaboutheritagemonuments,aswellas askquestionsaboutthemonuments.

18  Figure15:Interactivemapsshowingculturalheritage

MedievalGIS(MabyGIS) ThemanagementneedsinurbanareaswheredevelopmentoftencomesinconflictwithsubͲ surfacemedievalculturallayersaremorecomplexthancanbeaccommodatedwithintheNational CulturalHeritageDatabase.MedievalGISisanapplicationthatprovidesthedetailedinformation necessaryforplanninginurbanareaswithextensivemedievalculturalheritage.

19  Figure16:Applicationshowingdetailedinformationabouturbanareasinthemiddleages.



NorwegianWaterResourcesandEnergyDirectorate(NVE) http://www.nve.no/en/ TheNorwegianWaterResourcesandEnergyDirectorate(NVE)isadirectorateundertheMinistry ofPetroleumandEnergyandisresponsibleforthemanagementofNorway’swaterandenergy resources.NVEisNorway’snationalcentreofexpertiseforhydrology,andhasacentralroleinthe nationalfloodandlandslidecontingencyplanning.NVEalsohastheoverallresponsibilityfor maintainingnationalpowersupplies.NVEisbasedinOsloandhas5regionalofficesandhas approximately550employees. About5Ͳ10personsareinvolvedincartographyrelatedwork.Themaincartographicalproducts aremadeforNVE’smapapplicationsontheweb,likeNVEAtlas(http://atlas.nve.no).Inadditiona rangeofthematicmapsareproducedtobeusedinreports,booksandposters.Suchmapsmay presentwaterresourceanalysisresults,thehydrologicalstationnetworkwithinacatchmentor areaspronetoflooding.

20  Figure17:Flowofwater. 

 Figure18:InformationaboutFjellaasvatnahydroelectricpowerreservoir.

21 

Avinor http://www.avinor.no Avinorisresponsibleforplanning,developingandoperatingtheNorwegianairportnetwork. Avinoroperates46airportsinNorway,thereof12incooperationwiththearmedforces. Operationsalsoincludeairtrafficcontroltowers,controlcentresandtechnicalinfrastructurefor aircraftnavigation. Avinorhasapprox.3000employees,around300attheheadofficeincentralOsloandthe remainingemployeeslocatedatthe46airports.Avinorhasadepartmentfortechnicaland aeronauticalinformationwhichisresponsibleformostofAvinor’scartographicproduction.Inthis department,around7employeesworkwithmapandchartproduction,whereasanother6work withgeographicinformationsystemsandgeographicaldatamanagement. Avinor’scartographicproductionconsistsofthefollowingmappingandchartingproducts: x ChartsforAIP(Aeronauticalinformationpublication):Aerodromecharts,dockingcharts, aeronauticalobstaclecharts,enͲroutecharts,arrivalanddeparturecharts.Thesechartsare availableat:https://www.ippc.no/norway_aip/current/main_eng.html. x Buildingrestrictionareamapsforeachairport.Thesemapsareavailableatwww.avinor.no. x Chartsshowingsignsandmarkings x Airportmaps:security,airsidesafety,emergencyplanning,noisepollution,utilities,etc. 

NorwegianNationalRailAdministration http://www.jernbaneverket.no/en/Startpage/AboutͲUs/ Jernbaneverket(theNorwegianNationalRailAdministration)isthenationalrailwayauthority. Jernbaneverketisresponsibleforthemanagementofthenationalrailwaynetwork,onbehalfof theMinistryofTransportandCommunication. ThroughpublicfundingandwithasocioͲeconomicperspective,ourobjectiveistooperate, maintainanddevelopthenationalrailwaynetwork. TheNorwegianParliamentdeterminestheannualfundingthroughthenationalbudget.LongͲterm planningisdealtwiththroughNorskTransportplan(theNorwegianTransportPlan),inwhichthe Parliamentdrawsuptheeconomicframeworkforthefouryearperiod. Jernbaneverketisresponsiblefor:

x Developingandoperatingarailnetworkthatmeetstherequirementsofsocietyandthe market x Railwaystationsandterminals x Timetabling x Trafficmanagement x Regulationofthepublicrailnetwork x Studiesandplanningintherailsector

Jernbaneverketemploys3000peopleintheentirecountrywhile20oftheseareworkingwithmap

22 productionandvisualisation. Mapproductsincludeschematicmaps,statistics,plansfornewlines(Figure20),locationand conditionofinfrastructureobjects,environmentalmapsincludingnoise,waterandweatherissues, populationmaps(Figure19)andtrafficvolumes.



Figure19:Predictedpopulationin2040.

23  Figure20:Planningrailwaytunnel.



TheNorwegianMeteorologicalInstitute http://met.no TheNorwegianMeteorologicalInstituteisthemeteorologicalserviceforbothTheMilitaryandthe CivilServicesinNorway,aswellasthepublic.Ourmissionistoprotectlife,propertyandthe environment,andtoprovidethemeteorologicalservicesrequiredbysociety.TheNorwegian MeteorologicalInstitutefocuseson: x Meteorologicalservicesforbothprivateandpublicsectors. x MeteorologicalservicesfortheCivilAviationAuthorities. x Meteorologicalservicesformilitarypurposes. x MeteorologicalandclimatologicalobservationsinNorway,itsadjacentseasandthepolar

24 areas. x Researchanddevelopmentforbothprivateandpublicsectors. x Climateresearch. x Advocatingtheuseofopensourcedata. x Contributeto,andadvocatefortheinternationalmeteorologicalcooperation.Norwayisa memberoftheWorldMeteorologicalOrganization(WMO),theEuropeanCentrefor MediumRangeWeatherForecasts(ECMWF),andtheEuropeanOrganisationforthe ExploitationofMeteorologicalSatellites(EUMETSAT).Theinstituteisactivelyinvolvedin theworkoftheseorganisations. TheNorwegianMeteorologicalInstituteissituatedinOslo,andTromsøandthereare about20employeesthatareinvolvedinCartography,representingarangeofthedepartments withintheorganization. met.nodevelopssoftware,suchasDianaandKilden,andnumerousWMSͲsolutionswhere meteorologicalandoceanographicdataispresentedusingmaps.Mapsarealsousedinour productionofradarͲandsatelliteimages.Theprovidedinformationdescribestheweatherand climaticconditionsintimeserieswithdaily,monthly,seasonal,yearlyandnormalvalues. met.no'sservicescoverbothclimaticandforecastingpurposes,andtheyarecontinuously improvedbothbyourowndevelopersandwithcontributionfromotherusers.

 Figure21:PrecipitationinthewesternpartofNorway.

25

Large City Municipalities

Fredrikstad http://www.fredrikstad.kommune.no/no/DiverseͲsider/Translate/ Fredrikstadisacitywith75.000inhabitants.Thelocalauthorityisservingthepeoplewithservices ofschool,health,infrastructureandenvironment.Fredrikstadmunicipalityhave5000employees where7personsareworkingwithcartographicactivities.Bellowsomeexamplesonmapsfromthe municipalityofFredrikstad.

  Figure22:StreetmapofFredrikstadandHvalermunicipality. 

26  Figure23:WebͲclientforIntranetandInternet. 

Drammen http://www.drammen.kommune.no/no/english/ ThemappingdivisionisapartofthemunicipalityorganizationofthecityofDrammen,Norway. Drammenisacitywith60.000inhabitants.Themappingdivision’smainproductsareservices withintheareasofGIT,mappingandgroundproperties.Wearehandlingalldividingoflandand givingoutaddresses,involvedinplanningandmore.Mostoftheservicesaredevelopedbecause ofanewlawforlandregister,andanotheroneforplanandbuildingregulation.Theseregulateour services. OurmarketsaremainlytheinhabitantsandbusinessesofthecityofDrammen.Anyonewhoneeds maps,geographicalinformation,thedividingofland,addressesandsoforth.Architects, contractorsandcitydevelopersareamongstourbiggestcustomers. ThemappingdivisioninthemunicipalityofDrammenconsistsof14people.8ofthemworkwith cartographyandvisualization.Wealsohavearesponsibilityforkeepingthedatauptodate.Thisis donebycontinuouslyaddingtothemapallnewapprovedbuildingsaswellasupdatingmapsfrom aerialphotographyandlaserscanning. Fromthesedataweproduceallsortsofmaps,fromworldcupskimapstomapsshowingareas affectedifthereisabigfloodinourriver. Inlateryears3Dhasbecomeincreasinglypopular.Drammenhasmadea3Dmodelofthewhole city.Wecanalsoofferourservicesasregardingtovisualizationofnewprojects.Howtheyfitinto thesurroundings,sun/shadowanalyzingandmore.

27  Figure24:AnexampleofamapmadefortheFISWorldCupskisprintinDrammen.  

28  Figure25:Anexampleofvisualizationofanewproject.   Private Companies Manyprivatecompaniesaredealingwithgeographicinformationandthevisualizationofthisby theuseofCartographicpresentations.SomeofthemarefocusedonCartographicmethodsand makingthemap,whilethemainfocusofothersmaybecollectionofdata,dataanalysisetc. However,theselastcategoriesalsohaveinterestsinthepresentationofthecollectedandanalysed data.BelowsomeofthecompaniesarepresentedtogetherwithexamplesonCartographic productsmadeoverthelastyears.



Blom http://www.blomasa.com/ TheBLOMGroupisthelargestproviderofgeospatialservicesinEuropeforbothgovernment agenciesandprivatecommercialorganizationsandcompanies.BLOMownsexclusivespatial databasescomposedofmaps,imagesand3Dmodels.Focusedononlineservices,BLOMprovides dataandsolutionstoitscustomersinmanymarketsandallowsitspartnerstocreatehighaddedͲ valueapplicationsbasedonBLOMdatamodelsandservices.ThisstrategyisbackedbyBLOM’s majortechnicalcapacityinaircrafts,cameras,laserscannersandmappingsystems.Thismakesit possibleforprojectstobecarriedoutwithinthecompany,assuringthatahighqualityproductis deliveredbothonͲtimeandtobudget.BLOMhasmorethan1,000employeesandofficesin13 countriesanditsHQislocatedinOslo,Norway.BLOMislistedontheOsloStockExchange(ticker BLO). Thedemandofadvancedandhighqualitygeographicalinformationissteadilygrowing.Blomhas

29 manyyearsofexperienceworkinginbothlocalandcentralgovernment.Historically,Blom providedtraditionalcoreservicessuchasaerialortopographicalsurvey.Asgovernment technologyandrequirementshavechanged,sohavetheservices.Blomnowalsoprovideshosted servicesandsolutionstothegovernmentagenciestoallowthemtousethedatatoprovide efficientandinformeddecisionseasierandfaster. Examplesofkeyproductsandservicesincludeterrainmodelling(DTM/DSM),3Dcitymodelling andforestry.Forestinventoryisaveryinterestingandfastdevelopingbusinessarea.Basedon aeriallaserdata,aerialimageryandfielddatasetsitispossibletoproduceexacttreespecies specificresults.Forestattributesareestimatedandforeachtreespeciesmeandiameter,mean height,numberofstem,basalareaandvolumeisestimated.Correctandeffectiveuseofthese advancedandmodernmapdataareveryimportant.Inotherwords,visualizationandcartography areimportanttopicsinmostofourworkflows,productsandservices. BlomiscurrentlyexecutingsomeofthelargestlaserscanningprojectsinEurope.Twoexamplesare thenationalcoverageof(450000km2)fortheSwedishmapping,cadastralandland registrationauthorityand20000–30000km2annuallyfortheNationalLandSurveyofFinland (contractperiod1stJanuary2010to31stDecember2013).

Blomcountrywidelasercoverageof Blom3DmodelofthecityofStavanger.

 Blomhydrologicalanalysis Blomforestinventory

30 Blomforestinventory Blomhighdensitylaser Figure26:ExamplesonactivitiesinBlom. 

GeodataAS http://www.geodata.no/English/ GeodataiscreatingandpublishingasetofonͲlinecachedmapservicesforthecommercialmarket, firstofalltosupportESRIuserwithwellupdatedandwellperformingbackgroundmapswith adaptedcartographicdesignandcontent. TheservicesarecreatedinArcGISDesktop10.0.PublishingandcachingisdonewithArcGISServer 10.0.Thethreemaingroupsofservicesare: x GeocacheBasis(Basic) x GeocacheLandskap(Landscape) x GeocacheBilder(Pictures)

GeocacheBasisisaneutralbasemapsuitedforusewithabroadvarietyofthematicoverlays. GeocacheLandskap(Figure27)isatopographicmapwithhillshadingandelevationtintsuitedto presentnatureinformationandinformationrelatedtooutdooractivitiessuchashikingandskiing. GeocacheBilderisahighperformancesatelliteimageryandorthographicphotoservice,also suitedforusewithabroadvarietyofthematicoverlays. 

31  Figure27:GeocacheLandskap.



GeomatikkIKTAS http://www.geomatikkͲikt.no/(OnlyinNorwegian) GeomatikkIKTASwasdemergedfromGeomatikkAS20009inordertobettersafeguardthe increasingdemandfornewandbetterdevelopedandintelligentsystemsinGIS.Thefirmhasbeenin existencepriortothedemergerasaseparatedepartmentforabout15years,thedevelopmentof solutionsinGISandtheprovisionofservicesandmanagementofgeographicdatahasbeenan importantrole. GeomatikkIKTAShas45employees,ofwhich about20aresystemdevelopers,about15 advisorsand5aresystemadministrators.Sixof theseemployeesareworkingdirectlywiththe developmentandadaptationtocartography andvisualizationofgeographicdata.Oneof thecompany’smainfieldsisthemanagement ofthelargestdatabaseofelectricity, telecommunications,gasandwaterpipes.Data isupdateddailyandinformationfromthis databaseisavailabletoentrepreneursengagedinexcavationworkinallmajormunicipalitiesin Norway. Thecompanyhassolutionsforscanningarchives,basedmainlyonthetechnicalarchiveswhere georeferencingisanimportantpart.Alldocumentswillbeattachedtoapropertyorabuilding.Here wealsodevelopmobilesolutionsfordownloadingandviewingdocumentsregardingpropertiesand buildingbasedonthemobileunit'sposition.Informationonpropertiesandothergeographical objectscanthusbeobtaineddirectlyfromthearchiveasneeded.

32 AllproductsdevelopedinGeomatikkIKTASare inrelationshipswithgeographicinformation. Mostsystemshaveconnectedmapsolutions whereinformationandpositionobtainedfrom themapislinkedtodataindatabasesthrough theuseofwebͲservicesbetweenthedifferent systems. Thelatestproductswehavedevelopedare registrationofpollutionandtheregistrationof ProprietaryInformationinWEBsolutionswhere themapisanEssentialPartofthesolution.We seeanincreasingneedforupdatedsolutions whereusersdonotneedtoruntheapplications, butwheretheseservicesareoperatedfrom serviceprovidersasGeomatikkIKTASalsooffer.  

RambøllNorway http://www.ramboll.com RambøllNorwayhasforseveralyearsfocusedon3Dmodelsforthevisualizationofdifferent projects.Thishasusuallybeenbuildingprojectsorprojectsconcerninginfrastructure.Thebasic3D modelsaregeneratedfrommapinformation.InNorwaynewermaprelatedinformationcontains 3Dinformationaboutbuildingsetc.Hencethisinformationcanbeusedgenerating3Dmodelsby automaticmethods. Abasic3Dmodelconsistsof: 1. ADigitalElevationModelgeneratedfrommapdata.Atexturegeneratedfrom orthographicphotosisdrapedonthismodel. 2. Allelevatedobjectslikebuildings,fences,hedges,poles,trafficlightsetc. 3. Treeswhicharegeneratedfromairbornelasermeasurements.

33 RambøllNorwayhasdevelopedtheirown“prototypecartography”forthevisualizationofelevated objects(examplebelow).Theexampleshowsa3DvisualizationcaptureddirectlyfromaVRͲ model.

Figure28:3Dmodel.Poles,trafficlights,hedgesandtreesaregeneratedautomatically.

34 NorkartGeoserviceAS http://www.nkgs.no/wip4/ NorkartGeoserviceAS(NKGS)isanindependentandneutralvendorwith50yearsbehindherin theNorwegianmarked.Thecompanydevelopsthemostadvancedsoftwareproductsfor managinganddistributinggeographicinformationinScandinavia.Themainproductsareas follows: x QMSͲageodataserver.AsynchronizingserviceinQMSenableusersAUTOMATICALLYto retrievechangesonly,withouthavingtodownloadentireDBs.AlltheQMS–ownersinthe datanetworkwillthuscontinuouslybesynchronizedwithdatafromeachother. x GIS/LINE–acompletefamilyofGISsoftwarefordatacapture,Ͳproductionand–processing, throughexpertsystemsformaps,cadastre,planandanalysistodataaccessand–distribution. 80%oftheNorwegianmunicipalitiesareGIS/LINEcustomers. x WebAtlas–acompletecoverageofupdatedmapsdataandorthographicphotos,route planningand3Dsystems. x KomTekͲsystemsformunicipalserviceproductionwithinalltechnicalexpertareasasfee administration,propertytaxation,fireprotection,wateranddrainage,garbagedisposaletc. Morethan60%ofthemunicipalitiesinNorwayareKomTekusers.

Outof140employeesapproximatelyhalfofthemaredirectlyorindirectlyinvolvedincartographic activities.TheR&DͲdepartmentisfarthebiggestinthecompany.Allthesoftwareisdeveloped fromscratch,totallyindependentofproductsfromtheworlddominatingsoftwareproducers. ThroughanumberofnetportalstheWebAtlasdelivered550milliondigitalmapstotheNorwegian societyin2010andevenmorethisyear. 



35 Consultancywork,conferencesandcustomereducationarealsoimportantactivitieswithinNKGS. Soisdifferentanalysis,manybasedoncartography.

 

Mesterkart http://www.mesterkart.no(InNorwegianonly) Mesterkartisacompanywhichmainfocusistoproducehighqualitymapsforprinting.Our specialityiscomputergeneratedhillshading.OurmostimportantproductsaretouristͲandhiking maps,otherthematicmaps,wallmaps,andmapillustrationsforbooks.Themapsusuallyhavea scalebetween1:25000and1:1000000.Inadditiontomapproduction,wealsodosome geographicanalysis.Ourcustomersarelocalgovernments,privatecompanies,nonͲcommercial organizationsandprivateindividuals.Mostofourcustomers(andmaps)arefromNorway,butwe alsohavesomecustomersabroad.  Mesterkartwasestablishedin2005byToreTonning.BeforethatTonningworkedwithmap productionintheNorwegianMappingAuthority.Inthisperiodhegottwoawardsforexcellencein cartographyattheICAmapexhibitionsin2001and2003.ToreTonningisstilltheonly“employee” inMesterkart. 

36  Figure29:TurkartHurrunganeͲthelasttouristͲandhikingmapfromMesterkart.Originalsize70x 100cm. 

37  Figure30:AsectionfromTurkartHurrunganeatoriginalscale.

38 

NorconsultInformasjonssystemerAS http://www.nois.no/(InNorwegianonly) NorconsultInformasjonssystemerAS(NOIS)isafullyownedsubsidiaryofNorconsultAS. NorconsultisthelargestconsultingengineeringcompanyinNorwaywithapproximately1750 employees. NorconsultInformasjonssystemeristodayamajorsupplierintheinformationandcommunication technologymarkethavinglongexperienceinthebusinessaswellasbroadͲbasedexpertise.Our majorcompetitiveadvantageisourabilitytocombineourknowledgeofthediscipline,systems andindustryintouserͲfriendlyandintegratedICTsolutions. ThefollowingGISsoftwaresystemsareprovidedbyNorconsultInformasjonssystemer:  ISYWinMapisacompleteGISsolutionformapping,analysisand presentation.WinMapcontainsaflexiblewebbasedviewer,aneffective toolformaintenanceoftheGISdataandadvancedtoolsforspatial  analysis.Itissuitedforallkindsofusersintheorganization,fromthe viewerofgeographicdatatothemostadvanceduserandproducerof geographicdata.  AnopenGISͲsolutionforthepowersupplyanddistributionmarket.The solutioncontainspowerfulanduserfriendlyfunctionsforGISͲanalysis,  aswellasregistrationandmaintenanceofdatarelatedtotheutilities andnetdistributionwithrelatedmaps. Ourorganizationreflectsthedifferentmarketsweoperatewithin.Inthiswayweprovidethebest serviceforourcustomersinadditiontoagoodenvironmentforfurtherdevelopmentofour products NorconsultInformasjonssystemerhascurrently125employeesandiscloselyintegratedwiththe businessofNorconsult,andhasaccesstocompetenceandstafffromNorconsultwhenneeded. TheICTͲenvironmentinNorconsulthas130employeesinthefieldsofprogramming, communicationtechnology,automationtechnologyandITͲsecurity. TheGISdepartmentisresponsibleforourmaintenancesystemswithinGISandNetwork Information(NIS).Thestaffhaslongexperiencewithdevelopment,implementationanduseofthe toolswhichhavebeenonthemarketsincethe80’s. Referenceprojects:

NationalTouristRoutesinNorway. ThetouristattractionNationalTouristRoutesͲscenicroadsforexploringNorway’sbreathtaking landscapesͲcomprises18selectedstretchesfromnorthtosouth.Mountains,fjordsandcoastline formthecoreofthetravelexperience. NorconsultInformasjonssystemerhasproducedallcartographicmappresentationsfortheboards alongthetouristroutes.Themapsareproducedfromthenationalmapseriesinscale1:50000. Oneofthemajorchallengesinthisprojectwastofindmethodstoproduceseveralcartographic productsfromthesamebasemapseries.Contact:JonSundeMæhlen,Projectmanager,NoIS. 

39  Figure31:NationalTouristRoutesinNorway 

“DigitalPlandialog"for12K–Acooperationbetweenmunicipalitiesinthecountyof Thegoalforthisprojectwastoestablisha webmappingapplicationprovidingan integratedarealinformationsystem.Digital PlanDialogisawebportaltoshowthe processstatusanddocumentationforboth approvedareaplansandareaplansunder construction.Thesolutionisusedasa referenceprojectforcartographic representationofareamapsontheinternet. Contact:KåreConradsen, Phone+4790725905  Figure32:DigitalPlandialog  

InterͲmunicipalGISsolutionfortheregionofGjøvik ThemunicipalitiesforGjøvik,Østre, VestreToten,SøndreLandandNordreLand haveselectedNorconsultasthesupplierofa commonGISͲsolutionfortheregion.The projectincludesGISapplicationsforbase mapping,cadastreinformationsystemand toolsforarealplanningbasedonISY WinMapPro. ISYWinMapWebViewisusedfor cartographicmappingontheinternet.Both themappingapplicationsandthewebmap solutionarerunasanASPserviceby Norconsult. Figure33:IntermunicipalGISsolution,Gjøvik Contact:KnutGulbrandsen, phone+47611415

 

40 eMapAS http://www.emap.no/  eMapisamappingcompanythathasproducedmapsforprintsincelate1980’s.Ourmainfocusis custommappingforcustomersandtopublishmapsonourownlabel.Amongstourspecialtiesare topographicmapsforleisureandoutdoor,streetmaps/citymaps,andmapillustrationsforthe commercialandtourist/travelmarket. Currently,eMaphasonlythreeemployees,includingonefullͲtimecartographer,andonewhich spendpartofhistimeoncartographicactivities.Despitethesmallcompanysize,westillconsider ourselvesasignificantcontributorintheNorwegianmappingmarket. ThemapsareproducedusingdesktoppublishingsoftwaresuchasAdobeIllustrator,Photoshop andInDesign.ThedataarepreparedusingGISsoftware,andimportedtoandmanipulatedin IllustratorusingaplugͲinwedevelopedinͲhouse.Weconsidermapproductionasacraftrather thananengineeringprocess,wheredatagoesinandpapergoesoutwithoutdueconsiderationof quality,legibility,fitnessforuseoraesthetics. Generally,wehaveoverthelastdecadeseenadecreaseofqualityinmapdataprovidedbythe NorwegianAuthority,andthenationalgeographicalinfrastructureNorgeDigitalt(NorwayDigital). ThisparticularlyappliestoimportantfeaturesforwayͲfindingintopographicmaps,suchaspaths andtrails.Moreover,dataproducedtosupportthemunicipalitiesinthedailywork,arenotalways suitableforprintedmaps.Wethereforespendmoreandmoretimeonqualitycontrol,andto correctandsupplementpublicdata. Wearealsospendingtimeonimprovingourcartographicstyletoimprovelegibilityand intuitivenessfortheaudience.ThisincludestechniquesdescribedbyTomPattersontogiveour mapsamore“realisticlook”.Oneactivitywhichshouldbeofparticularinterestinthisrespectis theuseofhighͲresolutionlaserͲdatatoproduceshadedreliefaswellastextures,forexamplein forestedareas(seecitymapexamplebelow).Afuturevisionofoursistouselaserdatato automaticallyproducesomekindofrockhachure,ortoextractcragsandcliffs. Anotherresearchactivitythatwearefocusingonisthedevelopmentofadatabasestructurethat willfacilitatemapproductioninarangeofdifferentmapscales.Severalofourmapsthatwe publishcoverthesamearea,butarenowupdatedseparately,onceforeachmapscale.Weneed aninfrastructurethatallowsustoupdateourmapsinonesinglemasterdatabase,fromwhich differentmainproductsandbyͲproductswillderivedatafromwithminimaladaptation. Belowareshowntwoexamplesfrommapsfinishedandprintedin2011.Figure34showsa topographicleisuremapcoveringthemunicipalityofHægebostadinSouthernNorway,Itisprinted inscale1:40000foralocaloutdoorandleisureorganization.ItisbasedonN50mapdatafrom theNorwegianmappingauthority,andsupplementedwithdata,suchaspaths,trails,andpointsof interestcollectedbyalocalprojectgroup. Figure35showsacitymapofthecityofintheSouthͲeasternpartofNorway.Itis publishedonourownlabel,andprintedinscale1:12500.Themapisproducedincooperation withthelocalmunicipalitywhichalsohaveprovidedusdata.Ofparticularinterestistheuseof highͲresolutionlaserdatatoproduceshadedreliefandtextureinforestareas.Laserdatawasalso usedtolookforchangesfromthepreviouseditionofthemap.Wewillalsolookforwardtouse laserdatatodetectchangesforthenexteditionofthemap.

41  Figure34:TopographicleisuremapofHægbostad.

 Figure35:Hamarcitymap.    

42 CappelenDamm http://www.cappelendamm.no(InNorwegianonly) CappelenDammASisthelargestPublishinghouseinNorway.Thecompanypublishesbooksand mapsintendedforthepublicmarket,anddistributesmainlythroughbookstores.Thenumberof employeesfor2010wasappr.350,whileonly3oftheseareworkingwithcartography. Maincartographicproductsare:RoadͲandtouristmapsandatlases,hikingmaps,cityplans. HikingmapsarenowbeingproducedbyusinganewArcInfoproductionline.Earlierourmapshave beenproducedbyusingagraphicenvironment(Adobe). Examplesfromtheproduction: 

 Figure36:TouristmapofMiddleNorway,scale1:335000.  

43  Figure37:Oslostreetatlas2011,scale1:10000.     

44 Statoil http://www.statoil.com Statoilisaninternationalenergycompanywithoperationsin34countries. Buildingon35yearsofexperiencefromoilandgasproductionontheNorwegiancontinentalshelf, Statoiliscommittedtoaccommodatingtheworld’senergyneedinaresponsiblematter. Somekeyinformation: x Equity oil and gas production. x Operates 80% of all oil and gas production in Norway. x Second largest gas exporter to Europe. x World leader of crude oil sales. x World’s largest operator in waters deeper than 100 meters. x World leader in carbon storage Statoilhas20,000employeesworldwidewithoperationsin34countriesandtherearecurrently over1,000registeredusersoftheGISsystemwithanestimated300activeusers.Includedinthese numbersareGISanalysts,“superͲusers”,adedicateddatamanagementgroupandIToperation resources.Manymorearegeneralconsumersofinternalwebmappinginformationthroughthe intranet. StatoilusesGIStechnologytouse,analyse,produceanddisseminateinformationbasedon geospatialinformation.Thisisinadditiontotheuseofmanyotherapplicationsandtechnologies forvisualizationofexplorationandproductioninformation.Theproducttypesinclude: Papermapproducts: x Geological maps and integration of information from various sources/applications x Field layouts (with pipelines, cables, platforms and other infrastructure objects) x Rig move maps used for planning and operations x Environmental information x Wind energy x Licence and activity maps x Information material / visual design Webmapsandmapservices: x Offshore Infrastructure map with near read-time vessel tracking x Inspection web maps (pipelines and structures) x Web map with links to digital videos through web interface x Prospectivity atlas x Project specific web maps for planning and follow up of activities Mapservicesaredevelopedtoincludescaledependentdisplaysandareatunedforoptimal performance: x Satellite imagery x Bathymetric surveys x General base map information (country borders, locations and place names, elevation) Statoiliscurrentlyfocusingmappingtechnologyonautomateddatamanagementroutinesanda

45 mapplugͲindevelopedgiveuserseasyaccesstostandardizedmaplayersandsearchinterface basedonISO19115topiccategories.Statoilalsoseesagrowingneedanduseofwebmappingand mapservicestechnology.Newroutinesandtechnologyforwebmapinterfaceswillbe implementedthisyear. Papermapexample: Themapshownbelowprovidesanoverviewofpipelines,installations,fields,discoveries,and currentlicensingstatusforpetroleumactivitiesontheNorwegiancontinentalshelf.Themap includesatableshowingcompanyoperatorsandpartnershares.Themapisverypopular. Seealsohttp://www.esri.com/mapmuseum/mapbook_gallery/volume25/environmentalͲ management/environmentalͲmanagementͲ3.html



Figure38:ActivitiesontheNorwegianshelf.



46 Webmapexample: MappingandGISisactivelyusedinconnectionwiththeSheringhamShoalOffshoreWindFarm. ThewindfarmislocatedjustofftheNorfolkcoast,U.K. ThewebmapincludesAISinformationontheinstallationvesselsinnearͲrealtimeplottedonthe map.Thewebmapisactivelyusedforplanningandstatus. Seealsohttp://www.scira.co.uk/offshore/FoundationsMap.html

 Figure39:WindfarmmapincludingAIS.

Cartographic Education InNorwayCartographiceducationisprovidedbyGeomaticsandGeographydepartmentsat differenteducationalinstitutions.MostofthesehaveawiderfocuswhereCartographyisapartof courseswithingeographicinformationscienceonbasiclevels.OnaMasterlevelthestudentscan choosetoconcentrateonCartographyinprojectsandMasterThesis.Belowthemostcentral educationalinstitutionsarepresented.



NorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology http://www.ntnu.edu/

47 AttheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology(NTNU)thereareCartographiceducation bothatDivisionofGeomaticsandDepartmentofGeography. AttheDivisionofGeomaticsatNTNUthestudyisfocusedonthecombinationofsubjectswithin GeomaticsandComputingScienceincombinationwithothertechnologicalsubjectsandmore generalcourses.TheGeomaticsgroupofferscourseswithinGIScience/Cartography, PhotogrammetryandGeodesy.AlltogethertheGIScience/Cartographycourseshaveavalueof about65credits(MasterThesisincluded). AtthedepartmentofGeography3ofthe16professorsareinvolvedinteachingandresearch whereinGISrelatedmethodologiesandtechnologiesareapplied.Additionally,thereareone devisingengineeringwhoregularlyworkwithGIS,webͲGISorcartographyandfourPhDstudent usemappingmethodologies(GIS)intheirprojects.AtpresentDepartmentofGeographyatNTNU offersfiveGISsubjects,twoonbachelorlevelandthreeatmasterlevel.Thethreemastercourses aregiveninEnglishandthusattractmanyinternationalstudentsaswellasstudentsfroma numberofdisciplines(includinggeography,biology,engineering,hydrology,andarchaeology).



NorwegianUniversityofLifeSciences http://www.umb.no/english AttheNorwegianUniversityofLifeSciences(UMB)thereisabachelorprogrammeandamasterof technologyprogrammeinGeomaticsattheDepartmentofMathematicalSciencesandTechnology. TheGeomaticsstudyatUMBencompassessurveying/geodesy,photogrammetry/remotesensing andGIScience/cartography.AlltogethertheGIScience/Cartographycoursesmakeupabout70 credits(masterthesisincluded).



UniversityofOslo http://www.uio.no/english/ AttheUniversityofOslo(UiO)CartographiceducationareofferedattheDepartmentof Geosciences.GeomaticsatUiOfocusesonthehandlingofgeographicalinformation:Spatial analysesofgeographicaldata,Remotesensing,GeodesyandPhotogrammetry,withfocusonland resourcemapping,mappingandmonitoringofsurfacemovements,andhazardassessments.



BergenUniversityCollege http://www.hib.no/english/index.html BergenUniversityCollegeoffersabachelorprograminLandsurveyingandLandadministration. TheprogramisfocusedonthecombinationwithinGeomaticsandlandadministration.The geomaticscourses(Landsurveying,GIS,Cartography,Geodesy)haveavalueofabout70credits (Bachelorthesisexcluded).Thenumberofstudentsstartingtheprogramisabout45.

48

Cartographic Research Bothgovernmentalinstitutionsandprivateindustryaredevelopingnewmethodsforvisualizing maps.However,whenitcomestomorefundamentalandthoroughCartographicresearchitisthe responsibilityoftheuniversities.Belowsomerecentresearchareintroduced.



NorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology ͲDivisionofGeomatics SomeexamplesonCartographicrelatedresearchatGeomaticsgroup: x VisualizationoflargerockͲslides.IntheNorwegianfjordstherearemanysteepmountains, andsomeofthemfalldownfromtimetotime!Atthemomentthereareafewcitesthat criticalandareconsequentlygivenspecialattention.Differentspatialrelateddataabout themountainsarecollected,bothoverandundertheground.Thisprojectintroducednew visualizationmethodsforthepresentationofthe3Dsituation.

Figure40:VisualizationofpotentialrockͲslideatÅkneset 

Figure41:Zoomexperimentonhandhelddevice  x Zoominginmap.OneprojectstudiedhowdifferentzoomͲtechniques(stepwiseandsliding) onWebͲmapsinfluenceonhowtheusercanrecognizethemapcontentondifferentzoomͲ

49 level.Asubsequentexperimentstudiedhowchangeincontentofthemapinfluencedzoom operationsonmobilephones. x WebmethodsforCartographicresearch.Tocarryoutdifferentexperimentstherehasbeen developedmethodsforrunningdifferentCartographicexperimentsontheWebandon handheldunits. x IndoorCartography.Theubiquitoususeofwebmapsonbothmobileanddesktopdevices willinevitablydemandaccessinindoorenvironments.Advancesinindoorpositioningare promisingandhypothesizedtobemoreintegratedintheinfrastructureinnearfuture.The cartographyshouldbereadytomeetthisintermsofscientificallyvalidateddesignsand methods.Thisprojectfocusesonthedevelopmentandresearchonnewmethodsfor indoorcartography,inparticularinrelationtolargeenterprises.

 Figure42:IndoorCartography     ͲDepartmentofGeography Thisspring(2011),theDepartmenthadmuchmediacoverduetoitssocialvulnerabilitymapping ofNorwegianmunicipalities.Thearticle(withmap)fromtheNorwegiannewspaperDagbladetis attachedasanexample. Contactperson:JanKetilRød(http://www.svt.ntnu.no/geo/jan.rod/default_e.asp)

50  Figure43:Facsimileofarticleaboutsocialvulnerability.



NorwegianUniversityofLifeSciences UMBhasbeeninvolvedinthedocumentationofthecartographicalcapabilitiesofMapserver,an OpenSourcemapserver. Throughourformeradjunctprofessor,JanTerjeBjørke,UMBhasparticipatedinresearchprojects onperception,cartographicgeneralisation,digitalterrainmodels,fuzzymodelling,cartographic communicationandmore. 

51