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Best Practice Guide to Fire Safety Fire Industry Association Best Practice Guide to Fire Safety Contents Introduction 3 Maintenance 20 Best Practice Guide to Fire Safety Fire Industry Association Best Practice Guide to Fire Safety Contents Introduction 3 Maintenance 20 Premises Affected 4 Recording, Planning, Informing, The Responsible Person 5 Instructing and Training 21 Sowhodoesfiresafety FireSafetyRecords 21 legislationapplyto? 5 EmergencyPlans 21 Whatarethedutiesofthe InformandInstruct 22 ResponsiblePerson? 5 FireSafetyTraining 22 The Fire Risk Assessment 6 Enforcement 23 EnforcingAuthority 23 The Five Steps to Completing PowersofInspectors a Fire Risk Assessment 7 orEnforcementOfficers 24 Step1:Identifythefirehazards 7 AlterationNotices 24 Step 2:Identifythepeopleatrisk 7 EnforcementNotices 25 Step3:Evaluate,remove,reduce ProhibitionNotices 25 andprotectagainstfirerisk 7 OffencesandPenalties 25 Step4:Record,plan,instruct, Appeal 25 informandtrain 8 Delivertrainingtoemployees, Further Guidance 26 particularlythosewithspecificduties (firemarshals)Seethesection 8 Reference 27 Step5:Regularlyreviewthe fireriskassessment 8 Protective Measures 9 StructuralandPassiveFireProtection 9 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems 10 Means of Escape 11 Emergency Lighting 12 Signs and Notices 14 EscapeSigns 15 SafetySignsandNotices 16 Fire Fighting Equipment and Facilities 17 Portable FireExtinguishers 17 Hose Reels 18 SprinklerandOtherWater-Based FixedFireExtinguishingSystems 18 Tudor House, Kingsway Business Park GaseousFixedFire Hampton, Middlesex, TW12 2HD ExtinguishingSystems 19 Phone: +44 (0) 20 3166 5002 OtherFixedFireExtinguishingSystems 19 Website: www.fia.uk.com 2 | BEST PRACTICE GUIDE TO FIRE SAFETY Introduction Everyyearpeopledieorareseriouslyinjuredasaresult offiresinnon-domesticproperties.Besidesthehuman risk,firecostsUKbusinessmillionsofpoundsdueto propertydamage,fines,compensation,andinsurance premiums.Manybusinessesfindthattheyarenotable torecoverfromtheeffectsofafire. •Whoisresponsibleforfiresafetyin non-domesticpremises? •Whataretheirdutiesandresponsibilities? •HowcanIkeeppeopleandpropertysafe? •Whatarethepossibleconsequencesoffailuretoact? •WherecanIgethelpandguidance? Thisguidewillhelptoanswerthesequestions andhelpyoutosuccessfullymanagefiresafetyin commercialpremises. UKfiresafetylegislationplacesemphasisonpreventing firesandreducingrisk.Anyonewhohassomecontrol overpremisesmusttakereasonablestepstoreducethe likelihoodoffireandmakesurepeoplecansafelyescape ifthereisafire.Theregulationsapplytovirtuallyall non-domesticpremisesintheUnitedKingdom;inEngland andWalesthecommunalareas(commonparts)ofblocks offlats,arealsoincluded. Ifyouareanemployerorhavecontroloverthepremises oractivitiesthattakeplaceonthepremises,thenyou haveresponsibilitiesunderfiresafetylegislation.Itisyour dutytoensurethesafetyofthepeopleinthepremises. Inthecaseofpeoplewhoarenotemployersbuthave controloverpremises,theextentofyourresponsibility willdependontheextentofyourcontrol.Asthiscan beacomplicatedissue,itissensiblefororganisationsto identifyclearlywhoisresponsibleforwhat. UKfiresafetylegislationhasslightregionalvariations whichresultindifferenttermsusedfortheperson onwhomthelegislationimposesfiresafetyduties. InEnglandandWalesthispersonisknownasthe ‘ResponsiblePerson’,inScotlandtheterm‘DutyHolder’ isoftenused,whiletheterm‘AppropriatePerson’isoften usedinNorthernIreland.Inthisguidewewillrefertothis personasthe‘ResponsiblePerson’.Otherdifferenceson requirementsofthelegislativeregimesarediscussedin thisguide. BEST PRACTICE GUIDE TO FIRE SAFETY |3 Premises Affected UKfiresafetylegislationappliestovirtuallyall non-domesticpremisesandcoversnearlyevery typeofbuilding,structureandopenspace,suchas: •Officesandshops •Factoriesandwarehouses •Sleepingaccommodation,hotels,hostels,andB&Bs •Residentialcarepremises,includingcarehomes andhospitals •Communityhalls,placesofworshipandother communitypremises •Thesharedareasofproperties(HMO’s)inwhichseveral householdslive(housinglawsalsoapply). Pleasenote,inScotlandandNorthernIrelandthe legislationappliestothewholeHMO,notjustthe communalarea •Pubs,clubsandrestaurants •Theatresandcinemas •Educationalpremises,schoolandsportscentres •Outdoorevents,tentsandmarquees ItdoesNOTapplyto: •Privatehomes •Anythingthatflies,floatsorrunsonwheels (unlessitisstaticandusedlikeabuilding) •Theundergroundpartsofmines •Fields,woodsorlandthatformspartofagriculture orforestryundertaking 4 | BEST PRACTICE GUIDE TO FIRE SAFETY WHAT ARE THE DUTIES OF THE RESPONSIBLE PERSON? Legislationsaysthat,ifyouareanemployeroraperson havingcontroloverpremises,youareresponsiblefor thesafetyofeveryonewhomightlawfullybeonyour premises.Thisincludesemployees,visitorsormembers ofthepublicintheimmediatevicinityofyourpremises (i.e.atanopen-airentertainmentvenue)whomightbe affectedbyafire. TheResponsiblePerson,eitherontheirownorwithany otherResponsiblePerson,mustdotheirbesttomake surethateveryoneonthepremises,ornearby,can escapesafelyifthereisafire.Youshouldpayparticular attentiontopeoplewhomayhaveadisabilityoranyone whomayneedspecialhelp. Youmustaddressthefollowingissues: •Carryoutafireriskassessmentandidentifypossible The hazardsandrisks •Takegeneralfireprecautions •Principlesoffirepreventionaretobeapplied Responsible •Firesafetyarrangements,firesafetypolicyand procedures •Takeaccountofthoseparticularlyatrisk,i.e.veryyoung Person people;thosewithspecialneedsordisabilities;and peopleworkingwithdangeroussubstancessuchas SO WHO DOES FIRE SAFETY LEGISLATION flammableliquids APPLY TO? •Providesuitablearrangementstowarnpeopleof Thelawappliestoyouifyouare: afireinthebuildingsuchas,aFireDetectionand •Controllingthepremises Alarm(FD&A)system •Anemployerorself-employedperson •Eliminateorreduceriskfromdangeroussubstances •Responsibleforapartofadwellingthatis (chemicalsetc.) usedforbusinesspurposes •Additionalemergencymeasuresinrespectof •Acharitableorvoluntaryorganisation dangeroussubstances •Acontractorwitharesponsibilityformaintenance •Provideadequatemeansofescapeinthecaseofafire ofanypremisesor,forexample,thefireprotection suchassufficientandsuitablefireexits;firedoorsand measuresinthepremises.Contractorsandconsultants compartments;signs,noticesandemergencylighting carryingoutfireriskassessmentsalsohavedutiesunder •Takemeasuresforfirefightinge.g.fireextinguishers thelegislation •Aneffectivefireemergencyplantobefollowedinthe •Providingaccommodationforpayingguests eventofafire •Theownerormanagingagentofablockofflatsin •Maintenanceofallfiresafetysystemsandequipment EnglandandWales •Ensurecapabilitiesofemployeeswhoaregivenspecial tasksintermsoffiresafetyandfireprocedures,and Inanybuildingwherethereismorethanone providetrainingtoallemployeesandotherswhomay ResponsiblePerson,theymustallworktogetherto needit co-operate,co-ordinateandshareinformationwith •Regularlyreviewalltheseprocessesandamend othersasfarasisnecessarytocomplywithregulations. ifnecessary BEST PRACTICE GUIDE TO FIRE SAFETY |5 The Fire Risk Assessment AtthecoreofthelegislationliestheFireRiskAssessment. Thisisanorganisedappraisalofyourpremisestoenable youtoidentifypotentialfirehazardsandthosewhomight beindangerintheeventoffireandtheirlocation.You shouldevaluatetherisksarisingfromthehazardsand decidewhethertheexistingfireprecautionsareadequate andidentifyanymeasuresthatneedtobetakento furtherremoveorreducethefirerisk. Fireauthoritiesnolongerissuefirecertificatesandthose Competencedoesnotnecessarilydependonthe previouslyinforcehavenolegalstatus.However,any possessionofspecificqualifications.Insmallsimple firecertificatesissuedinthefewyearsbeforethenew buildingsand/orwherethefireriskisrelativelylow,it legislationcameintoforcemaybeagoodstartingpoint ispossiblethatanemployeemaystudytheappropriate foryourfireriskassessment.Ifyourpremiseshavebeen guidancedocument,andwithaccesstoexternalhelp designed,builtandapprovedinaccordancewithBuilding andadvice,conductasatisfactoryfireriskassessment. Regulations,thenthefireprecautionsformingpartofthe However,forhigherriskormorecomplexpremisesa structure,suchasfiredoors,firealarmsandemergency higherlevelofknowledgeandexperienceisrequired lighting,shouldbeacceptable.However,itiscriticalthat ofthefireriskassessor.Inthiscase,ariskassessorwill theseandotherelementsofthefireprecautionsare needtohavethespecificappliedknowledgeandskills relevanttotherisksandhazards.Theseotherelements ofanappropriatelyqualifiedspecialist.Evidenceof includetheuseofthebuilding;theprovisionoffire specialisttrainingandexperience,ormembershipofa fightingequipment;thetrainingofpersonnelandthe professionalbody,canenablesuitablecompetencetobe managementandmaintenanceofallfireprecautions. demonstrated. Ifyourorganisationemploysfiveormorepeople;or Numerousexamplesofinconsistenciesinfirerisk yourpremisesarelicensed;oranalterationsnotice assessmentshaveleadtowidespreadcallsforadefinition isinforceyoumustrecordthesignificantfindingsof ofcompetence.Whatisneededisastandardagainst theassessment.Butitisgoodpracticetorecordyour whichtobenchmarkassessorstooffersafety,security, significantfindingsinanycase. andassurancefortheuser. Itisveryimportantthatthepersoncarryingoutthefire Severalprofessionalbodiesoperateriskassessorregisters riskassessmentiscompetenttodoit.Thelawrequires andtherearecertificationschemesinplaceforboth thatwhereemployersdelegatethistasktoemployees individualsandcompanies.TheFireIndustryAssociation theymusttakeintoaccounttheircapability.Legalliability believesthatcompanies(includingsoletraders)trading mayariseonthepartofboththeResponsiblePerson intheprovisionoffireriskassessmentsshouldbethird andthefireriskassessorifthefireriskassessmentis partycertificatedforthepurpose.Certificationshouldbe inadequateandpeopleareplacedatriskofseriousinjury
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