DOCSLIB.ORG

Scaling up Diversity to Scale up Nutrition Nutrition Behaviour and Effective Interventions for Women and Infants in Zambia and Togo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Scaling up Diversity to Scale up Nutrition Nutrition Behaviour and Effective Interventions for Women and Infants in Zambia and Togo SLE BERLIN 2018 Centre for Rural Development (SLE) Berlin SLE PUBLICATION SERIES - S277 Scaling up diversity to scale up nutrition Nutrition behaviour and effective interventions for women and infants in Zambia and Togo Martin Thomas Schlecht, Sascha Berndt, Josefine Greber, Jan Marinko, Ukeme Okon Archibong , Anja Schmidt, Carolin Speckhahn, Hanna Weinsheimer PERSPECTIVES OF URBAN AGRICULTURE IN MAPUTO AND CAPE TOWN AND CAPE IN MAPUTO AGRICULTURE PERSPECTIVES OF URBAN 2019 ISSN: 1433-4585 ISBN: 3-936602-98-0 S 275 S 275 Scaling up diversity to scale up nutrition Nutrition behaviour and effective interventions for women and infants in Zambia and Togo Seminar für Ländliche Entwicklung | Centre for Rural Development SLE has been offering practice-oriented vocational education and training for future experts and managers in the field of international development cooperation since 1962. The courses range from Postgraduate Studies to Training Courses for international experts in Berlin to practice-oriented research and Consultancy for Organizations and Universities active in the field of development cooperation. Martin Thomas Schlecht Teamleiter, M.Sc. Urban Ecosystem Sciences E-Mail: [email protected] Ukeme Okon Archibong M.Sc. Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics and Subtropics E-Mail: [email protected] Sascha Berndt M.A. Development Economics E-Mail: [email protected] Josefine Greber M.Sc. Human Security E-Mail: [email protected] Jan Marinko M.A. International Economics E-Mail: [email protected] Anja Schmidt M.Sc. Agricultural Development E-Mail: [email protected] Carolin Speckhahn M.Sc. Horticultural Science E-Mail: [email protected] Hanna Weinsheimer M.A. Geography and Spatial Planning E-Mail: [email protected] SLE Postgraduate Studies on International Cooperation for Sustainable Development PUBLICATION SERIES S277 Study in cooperation with Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) Scaling up diversity to scale up nutrition Nutrition behaviour and effective interventions for women and infants in Zambia and Togo Martin Thomas Schlecht Ukeme Okon Archibong Sascha Berndt Josefine Greber Jan Marinko Anja Schmidt Carolin Speckhahn Hanna Weinsheimer Berlin, August 2019 Supported by SLE PUBLICATION SERIES S277 Editor Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin SLE Postgraduate Studies on International Cooperation for Sustainable Development Hessische Str. 1-2 10115 Berlin Germany Phone: +49 30 2093-46890 FAX: +49 30 2093-46891 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.sle-berlin.de Backstopper Dr. Susanne Neubert Print Zerbe Druck & Werbung Planckstr. 11 16537 Grünheide Germany Distribution SLE Hessische Str. 1-2 10115 Berlin Germany Cover photo Josefine Greber Copyright 2019 by SLE 1st Edition 2019 (100) ISSN 1433-4585 ISBN 9783-3-947621-03-3 Preface i Preface For 57 years, the Centre for Rural Development (SLE) at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin has trained 20 postgraduates annually to become professionals equipped with excellent knowledge and skills in the field of German and international development cooperation. Three-month empirical research projects conducted in cooperation with German or international development agencies form an integral part of this one-year course. Participants work in interdisciplinary teams supervised by experienced team leaders and carry out innovative, future-oriented research on development problems that prevail on the ground on a local or national scale. This strengthens global knowledge and provides partner organisations in the host country with strategies and tools. Here, it is vital to involve a wide range of actors in a process, which includes surveys and consultations at the household, expert and policy levels. Most studies refer to rural (or urban) development themes and have a socio- economic focus, such as the enhancement of agricultural livelihoods or the design of regimes to manage natural resources sustainably. Up to now, our partner countries have either been developing or transformation countries, and occasionally fragile states. In the future, however, studies may also take place in the global north, since the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global concern. Some studies develop new methodologies, published in handbooks or guidelines. Further priorities are evaluations, impact analysis and participatory planning. Throughout the years, SLE has carried out more than 200 cooperation projects in over 90 countries. This series publishes the results. The present study on food and nutrition security in Zambia and Togo was carried out in cooperation with the GIZ/FANSER in Zambia, GIZ (GFA) ProSecAl in Togo and with the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) in Bonn, Germany. We wish you a stimulating read. Yours sincerely, Prof. Dr. Bernhard Grimm Dr. Susanne Neubert Dean of the Faculty of Life Sciences Director of the Centre for Rural Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Development (SLE) ii Acknowledgements Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincere thanks to Dr. Petra Windisch, Sabine Triemer and Claudia Lormann-Nsengiyumva of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) in Bonn for commissioning this study and for providing invaluable conceptual support at the beginning of this research. In both countries, we were warmly received and welcomed by the GIZ and GIZ/GfA staff, individuals from the affiliated implementing agencies, and members of local, regional and governmental ministries and agencies. We are grateful and feel privileged to have met and discussed this research. We are thankful to all for hosting the team. Special thanks go to the FANSER-Team in Zambia and the ProSecAl team in Togo for their support in preparing and implementing the study. We truly enjoyed working with Moritz Heldmann, Ricarda Schwarz and David Bexte from the FANSER- Team in Zambia and with Dr Kerstin Hell, Raymond Keke and Laurent Akpabie from the ProSecAl offices in Lomé and Tsevié. In Zambia, we received tremendous support from the GIZ office in Lusaka and the regional office in Chipata. The whole GIZ provided us great logistical and administrative support and great insights and advice on the topic. Sincere thanks also go to our wonderful Zambia research team from University of Zambia (UNZA) and our scientific cooperating partners from Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute (IAPRI). Dr Rhoda Mofya-Mukuka and Jairos Sambo (IAPRI) greatly supported us with scientific and regional advice, logistics and dedication during data analysis. Without the commitment and hard work of Kennedy Chilimboyi, Charles Mwamba, Japhet Mutunga, Augustine C. Kaunda, Isabel Sakala, Brenda Makamba, Musanda Ngulube, and Mungaila H. Moment the team would not have been able to conduct our household interviews and focus group discussions and gain such deep understanding of smallholder farmers’ living realities. Furthermore, we want to thank all staff and volunteers from CRS and Care international, for their time and dedication allocated to us and for allowing us insight into their work in Eastern Province. In Togo, the GIZ country office in Lomé and the ProDRA office supported us with amazing logistical and administrative assistance. Further, we received great advice and insights from GIZ and GfA practitioners, namely Dr Florent-Dirk Thies and Dr Katja Halabi. Especially, we want to express our gratitude to Déborah Badombena- Wanta and Holanyo K. Amevo from the ProSecAl programme for joining us during Acknowledgements iii our field research. During preparation, field work and analysis Dr Mawuli K. Chuchoro from the Université de Lomé (UL) and Kossi Tete Agbéko Apaloo and Essodolom Paka from the Institut Togolaise de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA) provided us with great scientific support and background information as well as tremendous support during data analysis. We also greatly value the commitment and dedication of our fellow researchers from the University of Lomé (UL), namely Edem Gligbe Awovi, Afi Agbobli, Kao Akla, Aïchatou Tchamouza, Koffi Komi and Duyiboe K. Emmanuel. Most importantly, our cordial thanks and sincere gratitude go to all farmers and families, volunteers and staff in the project regions, not forgetting the agencies and organizations at provincial and national levels, who provided us with their expert knowledge and insights. We truly hope this study benefits the knowledge on food and nutrition security in both project regions and can contribute to the wellbeing of the target group. Also, we do not want to forget to thank Dr. Robert Rudolf and Dr. Christoph Klotter for the scientific and professional support in the analysis of the data. Furthermore, we would like to thank all other individuals and organizations who provided tireless support and guidance to the study through their invaluable advice and comments in preparing and implementing the study. Special thanks go to the director of the Center for Rural Development, Dr. Susanne Neubert and also to Dr. Karin Fiege as well as other staff members for their great support throughout the study. Table of contents v Table of contents Preface ................................................................................................................ i Acknowledgements ............................................................................................ ii Table of contents ................................................................................................ v List of tables ....................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Scaling up Diversity to Scale up Nutrition Nutrition Behaviour and Effective Interventions for Women and Infants in Zambia and Togo
    SLE BERLIN 2018 Centre for Rural Development (SLE) Berlin SLE PUBLICATION SERIES - S277 Scaling up diversity to scale up nutrition Nutrition behaviour and effective interventions for women and infants in Zambia and Togo Martin Thomas Schlecht, Sascha Berndt, Josefine Greber, Jan Marinko, Ukeme Okon Archibong , Anja Schmidt, Carolin Speckhahn, Hanna Weinsheimer PERSPECTIVES OF URBAN AGRICULTURE IN MAPUTO AND CAPE TOWN AND CAPE IN MAPUTO AGRICULTURE PERSPECTIVES OF URBAN 2019 ISSN: 1433-4585 ISBN: 3-936602-98-0 S 275 S 275 Scaling up diversity to scale up nutrition Nutrition behaviour and effective interventions for women and infants in Zambia and Togo Seminar für Ländliche Entwicklung | Centre for Rural Development SLE has been offering practice-oriented vocational education and training for future experts and managers in the field of international development cooperation since 1962. The courses range from Postgraduate Studies to Training Courses for international experts in Berlin to practice-oriented research and Consultancy for Organizations and Universities active in the field of development cooperation. Martin Thomas Schlecht Teamleiter, M.Sc. Urban Ecosystem Sciences E-Mail: [email protected] Ukeme Okon Archibong M.Sc. Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics and Subtropics E-Mail: [email protected] Sascha Berndt M.A. Development Economics E-Mail: [email protected] Josefine Greber M.Sc. Human Security E-Mail: [email protected] Jan Marinko M.A. International Economics E-Mail: [email protected] Anja Schmidt M.Sc. Agricultural
    [Show full text]
  • Togo: Legislative Elections of July 20131 Radim Tobolka, Univerzita
    Togo: Legislative Elections of July 20131 Radim Tobolka, Univerzita Hradec Králové [email protected] Final draft, 22 April 2014 Since the previous presidential election of 2010, Togolese politics have seen important changes. The legislative elections which took place on July 25, 2013 accelerated this process of change. No violence, or large-scale fraud, was reported either during the vote or the subsequent compilation of results. The elections confirmed the demise of Gilchrist Olympio’s Union des forces de changement (UFC), which was considered the most radical opposition party until its power-sharing deal with President Faure Gnassingbé’s Rassemblement du peuple togolais (RPT) in 2010. Meanwhile, the incumbent Gnassingbé clique remained firmly in power due to the effective performance of their electoral party machine: the newly formed Union pour la République (UNIR). This party secured more than two-thirds (68%, n=62) of the seats in parliament. UNIR’s closest rival was Jean Pierre Fabre’s Alliance nationale pour le changement (ANC) which won 16 seats: a fact that highlights the current Togolese government’s large parliamentary majority. Background Togolese politics under President Faure Gnassingbé continues to follow the same pattern established under the dictatorial regime of his father Eyadéma Gnassingbé (1967-2005). The backbone of Togo’s political establishment is the military where at least two-thirds (65%) of the army are Kabyè, which is the ethnic group of the Gnassingbé family (Toulabor 1999:106–107). France has provided military advisors and logistical support to the Togolese armed forces since the 1963 coup d’état in which Eyadéma Gnassingbé took an active part.
    [Show full text]
  • Addressing School Related Gender Based Violence in Togo: a Scoping Study
    Addressing School Related Gender Based Violence in Togo: A Scoping Study Freya Johnson Ross, Rosie Westerveld, Jenny Parkes, Elaine Unterhalter, Jo Heslop UCL Institute of Education FINAL VERSION – REVIEWED AND VALIDATED 18/07/2017 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 3 List of acronyms ...................................................................................................................................... 4 List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction and Overview ................................................................................................................. 6 2. Concepts and Methods ....................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Sampling and data collection ........................................................................................................ 7 2.2 Key concepts ................................................................................................................................. 8 2.3 Ethical considerations ................................................................................................................... 8 3. Contexts, Patterns and Perspectives on SRGBV in Togo ....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • BTI 2020 Country Report — Togo
    BTI 2020 Country Report Togo This report is part of the Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI) 2020. It covers the period from February 1, 2017 to January 31, 2019. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of governance in 137 countries. More on the BTI at https://www.bti-project.org. Please cite as follows: Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2020 Country Report — Togo. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2020. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Contact Bertelsmann Stiftung Carl-Bertelsmann-Strasse 256 33111 Gütersloh Germany Sabine Donner Phone +49 5241 81 81501 [email protected] Hauke Hartmann Phone +49 5241 81 81389 [email protected] Robert Schwarz Phone +49 5241 81 81402 [email protected] Sabine Steinkamp Phone +49 5241 81 81507 [email protected] BTI 2020 | Togo 3 Key Indicators Population M 7.9 HDI 0.513 GDP p.c., PPP $ 1761 Pop. growth1 % p.a. 2.4 HDI rank of 189 167 Gini Index 43.1 Life expectancy years 60.5 UN Education Index 0.514 Poverty3 % 73.2 Urban population % 41.7 Gender inequality2 0.566 Aid per capita $ 44.8 Sources (as of December 2019): The World Bank, World Development Indicators 2019 | UNDP, Human Development Report 2019. Footnotes: (1) Average annual growth rate. (2) Gender Inequality Index (GII). (3) Percentage of population living on less than $3.20 a day at 2011 international prices. Executive Summary The Gnassingbé clan has ruled the country since 1967.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Farmers' Perceptions of and Adaptations to Climate Change and Variability
    Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 6, 1441-1454 Published Online December 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/as http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2015.612140 Understanding Farmers’ Perceptions of and Adaptations to Climate Change and Variability: The Case of the Maritime, Plateau and Savannah Regions of Togo Agossou Gadédjisso-Tossou West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo Received 9 November 2015; accepted 18 December 2015; published 23 December 2015 Copyright © 2015 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Togolese agriculture is predominantly rain-fed and hence fundamentally dependent on the vaga- ries of weather. Thus, it is negatively affected by climate change. The present study assesses far- mers’ perceptions and adaptation to climate change to enhance policy towards tackling the chal- lenges climate change poses to the farmers in the study area. Descriptive statistics and multi- nomial logit (MNL) were used to analyze data obtained from a cross-sectional survey executed during the 2013/2014 agricultural production year in the maritime, plateau and savannah regions of Togo. The analysis of farmers’ perception to climate change reveals high increase in tempera- ture and decrease in rainfall. These results are in line with the trend analysis of climate data that records from 1961 to 2013 about the study area especially on the temperature. Furthermore, the results show that crop diversification, change in crops, find off-farm jobs, change of the amount of land, change of the planting date and plant short season variety are the adaptation methods em- ployed by the farmers.
    [Show full text]
  • Ngo Assessment in Togo
    NGO ASSESSMENT IN TOGO: Institutional and Technical Capability Assessement of Non-Governmental Organizations Active in the Health and Population Sector in Togo prepared by: Franklin Baer Eileen McGinn Arthur Lagacd in collaboration with Samuela Bell October 1993 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Phase II NGO Assessment team expresses its sincere thanks to OAR/Togo for its warm hospitality and assistance in conducting this study. A special thanks to Samuela Bell for her Phase I inventory of NGOs which was certainly the richest resource of information for the Phase II team. Thanks also to Sara Clark, John Grant, Karen Wilkens and Barbara McKinney with whom the team worked most closely. The team also acknowledges the devoted hard work of the many NGOs - large or small, national or international, urban or rural - who are working tirelessly throughout Togo to improve the health and well being of the Togolese population. The assessment team hopes that the projects proposed by this report will rapidly develop into practical interventions. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: NGO ASSESSMENT IN TOGO 1. Assessment Title: Istitutional and Technical Capability Assessment of Non-Govemmenta' Organizations Active in the Health and Population Sector in Togo 2. Objectives: The objectives of Phase II of the NGO assessment were to: " Select a sample of NGOs for in-depth assessment; " Assess the institutional capabilities of these NGOs in HPN sector; " Identify activities NGOs wish to sustain, expand or initiate in the areas of health services, family planning/HIV, and cost recovery/drug supply; * Identify NGOs capable of contracting with OAR/Togo; and * Identify options & modalities for AID assistance to NGOs.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Ewe Unification Movement in the United States
    HOME AWAY FROM HOME: A STUDY OF THE EWE UNIFICATION MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES BY DJIFA KOTHOR THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in African Studies in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012 Urbana, Illinois Master’s Committee: Professor Faranak Miraftab, Chair Professor Kathryn Oberdeck Professor Alfred Kagan ABSTRACT This master’s thesis attempts to identity the reasons and causes for strong Ewe identity among those in the contemporary African Diaspora in the United States. An important debate among African nationalists and academics argues that ethnic belonging is a response to colonialism instigated by Western-educated African elites for their own political gain. Based on my observation of Ewe political discourses of discontent with the Ghana and Togolese governments, and through my exploratory interviews with Ewe immigrants in the United States; I argue that the formation of ethnic belonging and consciousness cannot be reduced to its explanation as a colonial project. Ewe politics whether in the diaspora, Ghana or Togo is due to two factors: the Ewe ethnonational consciousness in the period before independence; and the political marginalization of Ewes in the post-independence period of Ghana and Togo. Moreover, within the United States discrimination and racial prejudice against African Americans contribute to Ewe ethnic consciousness beyond their Togo or Ghana formal national belongings towards the formation of the Ewe associations in the United States. To understand the strong sense of Ewe identity among those living in the United States, I focus on the historical questions of ethnicity, regionalism and politics in Ghana and Togo.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimal Land Allocation of Maize, Cassava and Teak for Small Landholders in Southern Togo, West Africa
    Optimal Land Allocation of Maize, Cassava and Teak for Small Landholders in Southern Togo, West Africa By Amber Lily Kenny Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN FORESTRY MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 2007 The thesis, “Optimal Land Allocation of Maize, Cassava and Teak for Small Landholders in Southern Togo, West Africa” is hereby approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN FORESTRY. SCHOOL OF FOREST RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES SIGNATURES: ADVISOR: ____________________________________ Dr. Blair D. Orr DEAN: ____________________________________ Dr. Margaret R. Gale DATE: ____________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................ ii LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................ v ABSTRACT....................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION................................................................ 1 SECTION ONE—GENERAL BACKGROUND........................................... 5 CHAPTER TWO - BACKGROUND OF TOGO............................................... 6 Climate and Topography........................................................................ 9 Politics and History of Togo..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ECOWAS Peace & Security Report
    ISSUE 10 | OCTOBER 2014 ECOWAS Peace & Security Report Politicians talk past each other as Togo’s 2015 elections approach Introduction While the presidential election in Togo is scheduled for the first quarter of 2015, politicians have still not reached agreement on the implementation of the policy reforms of the 2006 Global Political Agreement. The events of recent months illustrate the seriousness of the political impasse on these issues, which are central to the governance of the country. While the presidential election in Togo is scheduled for the first quarter of 2015, politicians have still not reached agreement on the implementation of the policy reforms of the 2006 Global Political Agreement. The events of recent months illustrate the seriousness of the political impasse on these issues, which are central to the governance of the country. On 30 June 2014, the National Assembly rejected the bill on constitutional and institutional reforms that had been tabled a week earlier by the Government.1 This bill proposed limiting the presidential term to two five-year periods, allowing a two-round presidential election, creating a Senate, reforming the Constitutional Court, defining the prerogatives of the Prime Minister and instituting new eligibility criteria for the presidency. This rejection reflects the failure of the so-called ‘Togo Telecom’ political dialogue, which ended in June 2014. The dialogue failed to reach consensus on the implementation of constitutional and institutional reforms, some of which concerned preparations for the 2015 election. For eight years, the conditions for implementing these reforms have regularly been put back on the agenda without any significant progress being observed.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Density by Local Authorities,1970 3
    Migrationin WestAfrica a 1g DemographicAspects Public Disclosure Authorized K. C. Zachariah and Julien Cond6 Public Disclosure Authorized , X / NK I X N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~V Public Disclosure Authorized f - i X-X Public Disclosure Authorized N ,1~~~~~1 A Joint World Bank-QEODStudy Migration in West Africa Demographic Aspects A Joint World Bank-OECD Study With the assistance of Bonnie Lou Newlon and contributions by Chike S. Okoye M. L. Srivastava N. K. Nair Eugene K. Campbell Kenneth Swindell Remy Clairin Michele Fieloux K. C. Zachariah and Julien Conde Migration in West Africa Demographic Aspects Published for the World Bank Oxford University Press Oxford University Press NEW YORK OXFORD LONDON GLASGOW TORONTO MELBR(OURNEWELLINGTON HONG KONG TOKYO KUALA LUMPUR SINGAPORE JAKARTA DELHI BOMBAY CALCUTTA MADRAS KARACHI NAIROBI DAR ES SALAAM CAPE TOWN © 1981 by the InternationalBank for Reconstructionand Development/ The WorldBank 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington,D.C. 20433 U.S.A. All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise,without the prior permissionof Oxford UniversityPress. Manufactured in the United Statesof America. The viewsand interpretationsin this book are the authors' and should not be attributed to the OECD or the World Bank, to their affiliatedorganizations, or to any individual acting in their behalf. The maps have been prepared for the convenienceof readers of this book;the denominationsused and the boundaries showndo not imply, on the part of the OECD, the World Bank, and their affiliates,any judgment on the legal status of any territory or any endorsementor acceptance of such boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapport ENG- Conciliation ITIE Togo 2012
    REPUBLIQUE TOGOLAISE EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES TRANSPARENCY INITIATIVE EITI TOGO REPORT ON THE RECONCILIATION OF EXTRACTIVE PAYMENTS AND REVENUES FOR THE YEAR 2012 August 2015 This report is established by request of the Multistakeholders Group of EITI Togo. The views expressed in this report are those of the Reconciler and in no way reflect the official opinion of EITI Togo. This report has been prepared solely for use of EITI Togo for the purpose it is intended. Collecte et conciliation des paiements et des recettes du secteur extractif au titre de l’année 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 5 Background ................................................................................................................................... 5 Objective ................................................................................................................................... 5 Nature and extent of our work ......................................................................................................... 5 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 7 1.1. Revenue from the Extractive Sector ....................................................................................... 7 1.2. Exports ................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3. Report Scope .........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductions Supplied by EDRS Are the Best That Can Be Made from the Original Document
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 464 871 SO 033 815 TITLE A Transnational View of Basic Education: Issues of Access, Quality, and Community Participation in West and Central Africa. INSTITUTION Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC. SPONS AGENCY Agency for International Development (IDCA), Washington, DC. Bureau for Africa. PUB DATE 2002-01-06 NOTE 229p.; Prepared by Support for Analysis and Research in Africa project with subcontractors Tulane University, JHPIEGO, Morehouse School of Medicine, and Population Reference Bureau. This document is a synthesis of studies by Educational Research Network for West and Central Africa. CONTRACT AOT-C-00-99-00237-00 AVAILABLE FROM SARA Project, AED, 1825 Connecticut Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20009. Tel: 202-884-8069; Fax: 202-884-8447; Web site: http://www.aed.org/. PUB TYPE Collected Works General (020) Information Analyses (070) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Access to Education; *Community Involvement; Comparative Education; *Educational Quality; Educational Research; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign Countries; *Geographic Regions; Literature Reviews; *School Holding Power IDENTIFIERS Africa (Central); Africa (West); Basic Education; Development Education; Educational Issues; Research Synthesis ABSTRACT Most African countries_have devoted considerable attention to educating the generations of people born since the independence era. Despite their efforts, however, African governments continue to face rising illiteracy, grade-repetition, and drop-out rates, as well as growing
    [Show full text]