Edward Gallard – 1835-1914. By:- Neil H Smith 7 th May 2008 Rev 6f 14th January 2018

Edward Gallard – Pioneer fruit grower. 29 th With links to the beginnings of white settlement in Oct 1835 to 9 th Oct 1914 .

Edward (Ted) Gallard was born in Southborough, a small village about halfway between Tonbridge and Tunbridge Wells , in Kent UK on 29 th Oct 1835, the son of Matthew Gallard and Frances Ann Smith. Œ They lived in a 300-year-old house near a water-driven flour -mill. Edward was 3 YO when he arrived in Sydney on the “James Pattison” on 11 th Dec 1838, with his parents, older brothers Robert , and Frank , and younger brother George . This crew left home the afternoon before their journey began and stayed with grandfather Matthew Gallard and grandmother Susannah . At one am the next morning they boarded a waggon to take the thirty-mile trip to the docks on the river Thames at Gravesend from where they sailed on 11 th August 1838. Accommodation on the ship was divided into three sections, single women, married women with children, and all men. Sheep were penned in one long boat and pigs in the other. During the voyage there was a gale that blew the mainmast overboard and the long boat containing the pigs was overturned. The pigs were soon down in the ladies’ quarters turning over pots and pans and generally making a mess. Soon after the ship passed Cape of Good Hope, and turned into the “Roaring Forties”. They passed through Bass Strait and arrived off South Head in late November 1838, but were blown back out into the Tasman Sea by strong westerlies. The family was very unsettled initially. The first month or so was spent in a rented room in George St North, then a house in Clarence St North, then to the lower end of Liverpool St, where young George died on 2 nd June 1839 (ref. V578-23A). They next went to Surry Hills and then back to Kent St, between Market and King where Susan was born 3 rd May 1840 (ref. V367-24A). Soon after that they moved to Cumberland St, opposite the Women’s Watch House. Later in 1840 they took all their belongings up the Lane Cove river by boat and father Matthew built a hut at Turramurra not far from the road to Bobbin Head. Emma was born here on 23 rd February 1842 (ref. V863-26A) with Mrs Boyde as midwife. They soon moved again further out along Bobbin Head Road, Pymble, then on 1 st January1843 to Pearce’s Corner near Hornsby. By Easter 1843 they were at Thornleigh with father Matthew working for Mr Purchase. Henry ( Harry ) was born at Thornleigh on 17 th October 1844 (ref. V979-30A) with Mrs Duffy assisting as midwife. The brothers Frank and Bob commenced splitting timber shingles and laths for a minimum 18 shillings per week. Pay for lath was 3 shillings per thousand, and shingle was 6 shillings per thousand. The family removed again in 1845 to Fred Harris’ Clear at Pennant Hills where Rosina was born on 12 th July 1846 (ref V405-55). Matthew built a house and Mark was born there on 16 th April 1848 (ref. V1056-33A). Soon after Mark’s birth the family moved to Dural, Oburn’s Farm, and then to Castle Hill, to work for Ned Fuller on West’s Farm in 1849 where Frances was born on 15 th December (ref. V284-35). In January 1850 they moved to Barren Ridge Camp at Epping. Matthew became ill in June 1850 from and died of an enlarged liver on 29 th October 1850 (ref. V305-36A). He had been sawing timber for income and so 15 YO Ted and 17 YO Bob took it in turns to replace their father to work the sawpit with Frank. In 1851 gold was discovered at Ophir (Summer Hill) and by 1852 the Gold Rush had an adverse impact on business and provisions rose in price. In the winter of 1852 Ted went to the diggings to help Frank construct buildings and dig for gold on the side. On their return home they found sawn timber was in great demand so they cut timber again and took it to Sydney for sale, making 46 pounds on one trip and 42 pounds a few weeks later. In early 1853 the 3 brothers bought 12 acres on the east side of North Road [called Victoria Road until about 1878], Marsfield from Tom Small for 6 pounds 10 shillings per acre. About 6 months later they bought another 12 acres of an adjoining block for 8 pounds four shillings per acre from John Bateman. On the 18 th April 1854 (ref V1115-41B) Bob married Elizabeth Bellamy and built a house on the block nearest Ryde. Meanwhile the boys continued to cut timber at Epping, and decided to build a house for mother Frances and their younger siblings on one of the allotments on North Road. They cut timber from their land and had put about 60 pounds into the house before running out of funds. They then went and cut more timber, some from their farm this time and cleared 90 pounds in 4 weeks from making 1,000 wheel fellies. The house was finished and furnished in 1854 and the family moved in. Notes. See photo of Frank and Ted outside the house

Page 1 of 6 Edward Gallard – 1835-1914. By:- Neil H Smith 7 th May 2008 Rev 6f 14th January 2018 About 1856 Ted and Frank decided to take another trip to the diggings, prompted by the gold discovery at Stoney Creek. James Hitchcock went with them and they initially took the coach from Parramatta to Penrith and then tramped to Stoney Creek and camped under a blanket on the Wellington Road around 3 rd September 1856 when it snowed. They stayed here for 2-3 months making 3 to 4 pounds per man per week, and decided to head for Kings Plains near Bathurst. They did not stop there instead they trekked via Orange and Blayney to Bathurst then, Goulburn where they arrived at 10:00am. James Hitchcock had to return to Sydney so Ted and Frank took the 9.00pm coach from Goulburn to Yass that arrived at 1:00pm the next day. From there they took a coach to Bowning, and camped at Mother Hanlam’s Hotel. Early the next day they set out for Gundagai, travelling 36 miles before camping overnight completing the next 14 miles to reach Gundagai by 9:00am. The next night was spent on the banks of the Murrumbidgee at the mouth of Adelong Creek and the next day they reached Tarcutta. The following day they crossed the Billabong Creek and camped at the coach terminus 25 miles from Albury. They took a coach again and when they were within 7 miles of Albury they noticed the fields of wheat. After lunch they took the punt across the Murray River walked across the river flats to Wodonga. From here they took a coach to Beechworth arriving about sunset in early December 1856. After breakfast the next day they sent out for Nine Mile (on the Stanley Road), and bought some supplies at Madman’s Gully store. They arrived in Nine Mile that afternoon and stayed about 8 months building an 8ft x 6ft room onto their tent to keep out the winter chill. They ate about a pound of steak each for each meal. 5 pounds was sent home to mother each time they visited Beechworth. Sometime after August 1857 they decided to leave the Ovens River goldfields and join the rush to Mt Ararat goldfields. They were joined by Tom Fleming, whom they had met in the goldfields and travelled via Benalla, crossed the Goulburn River at Murchison, over Mt Pleasant, through Bendigo, crossed the Loddon River, through Carisbrook, Maryborough and finally camped at Mt Pleasant Creek about 4 miles from Stawell. They stayed in this area for 4 months and climbed Mt William in the Grampians for sight seeing on one Sunday. Early in 1858 they returned to the Ovens goldfields the way they had previously come, and were in Beechworth for Franks’ 25 th birthday. On 11 th March 1858 they decided to return to Marsfield, via Melbourne. The steerage passage on SS London was 3 pounds fifteen shillings (excluding bed and blankets) and both men were seasick on the way up the coast. They were home around the 25th March 1858. A year later the 24 YO Edward married 21 YO Miss Sarah Smith on 16 th July 1859/2868 in St Anne’s C of E in Ryde. The minister was George P. Turner and the witnesses were Frank Gallard and Sarah’s sister Hannah Smith. His occupation given on the MC was Sawyer. Sarah was born in the colony on 10 th Nov 1838/V742-22, the daughter of currency lad James Smith and currency lass, Susannah Bellamy. Sarah bore Edward five sons and seven daughters. Three of the children were born in Pennant Hills where Edward went to work for five years from about 1867 to 1872. Granny Gallard (Sarah Smith) is remembered by her grandaughters for the little white drawstring bags she made for them. They also recall her wearing long dark dresses and a little bonnet. She had beautiful crochet pieces all over the furniture in her house. Notes. See photo of Edward Gallard, and Sarah Gallard with daughters Grace and Alice. š Also photo of Sarah and Ted outside the house ”May Cottage’ The nearest neighbours to Edward Gallard on the south side of North Road [between Lovell & Balaclava] were:- 1897 – George Tuckwell, Frank Gallard, Alfred Gallard, J J Goulding, Edward Gallard, T E Bellamy, Byron Gallard, Richard Hunt, Enoch Wilkinson, James. Cornish, Carlo Giuliani. 1899 – George Tuckwell, Frank Gallard, Alfred Gallard, Thomas Small, Edward Gallard, W J Sherlock, Alfred Robins, Byron Gallard, Richard Hunt, Enoch Wilkinson, James. Cornish, Mrs Giuliani. 1904 – George Tuckwell, Frank Gallard, James Cornish, Thomas Small, Edward Gallard, Mrs M Cutbush, Ernest Carpenter, Enoch. Wilkinson, Walter Gallard, Mrs Giuliani. 1919 - David Young and David Hearne. Edward settled down as a fruit grower and with the help of his brothers built the house in North Rd, Ryde now Denistone East. The house became known as ”May Cottage” because of the May bushes outside along with a big old chestnut tree. It had a stone flagged kitchen and was close to the Five ways and not too far from George Lovell who lived down North Rd, closer to Ryde. On 8 th June 1870 Frank and Edward Gallard were among 201 persons who signed the Third and final

Page 2 of 6 Edward Gallard – 1835-1914. By:- Neil H Smith 7 th May 2008 Rev 6f 14th January 2018 petition to have the Ryde locality declared the Municipal District of Ryde divided into three wards. On the 6 th Feb 1861 they had been among the 146 residents who had opposed the original petition. Around 1869 Edward had begun to plant large numbers of the apple trees he developed from the rootstock he had obtained from Maria Ann Smith (nee Sherwood) on her orchard nearby. The grafting {if there was any] and development work may have been done on his father in law’s land at Pennant Hills. In 1880 he purchased lot 12 (about 12 acres, or 4.85 ha) of what was known as Granny Smith’s farm from her son Thomas Smith, while Charles Smith sold lot 13 (also 4.85 ha) to Gustave Duchateau in 1892. These two lots were bounded by North Rd, Irene Crs, Abuklea Rd , and Threlfall St. ƒ Edward was buried with his wife Sarah, in the Baptist section of Field of Mars Cemetery (Graves 14 & 16) on 10 th October 1914. Notes on children of Edward and Sarah. Lydia Sarah (b 4 th May1860/11928, d 11thApril 1919/24449). She married Edwin Henry Small, and they had seven boys and two girls. It was 12 YO Edwin who accompanied his father Tom Small to check out the cooking apple grown by Granny Smith. Ada Sabina (b 21 st May 1862/13280, d 1942/22462). She married Eleazer “Harry” Hicks, and had four boys and three girls. Eleazer was a witness at the wedding of Amy Susannah Gallard. Frances Ann (b 4 th April 1864/14494, d 1940/4666). She married Albert William Small, and had six boys and four girls, and lived in Corunna Rd. The youngest, Mabel Francis Small (1911- 1974) recorded her memories of Granny Gallard used above. Silas James (b 1 st May 1866/14550, d 7 th Dec 1935/17648. He married Lucy Sarah Hicks, and they had nine sons and three daughters in Abuklea Rd, farm. Hyram Smith (b 18 th May 1868/14333 Pennant Hills, d 1938/10737). He married Annie Julia O’Shea, and they had a son and a daughter at “Sunnybrae” in Corunna Rd. Mary ( Amy ) Susannah was born on 25 th May 1870/15009 at Pennant Hills. She married George Alfred Lovell on 16 th Aug 1890/6565 at St Anne’s C of E Ryde. The witnesses were Eleazer Hicks and Isabella May Gallard and the minister was Harry H Britten. They had five sons and seven daughters. George died on 17 th Aug 1917/13515 at Marsfield after fighting cancer. He used to smoke a pipe and he had developed cancer of the throat. His tongue and larynx were removed but it was too late. To help keep her younger ones, Hannah 12, Helen, 9, Bob 7, and Maud 5, Amy Susannah cleaned the local primary school, a private house, the School of Arts as well as ironing for the Vincentian priests next door in Curzon Hall. She sold lot 606 to Zanco, and lot 609 to the newly arrived (English) Goddard family who built a new home there. The Goddard children Phyllis and Sid were friends with the younger Lovell children. Lot 610 and the untouched lot 611 were sold after Amy’s death on 22 nd August 1926/14394. Their orchard had consisted of three blocks (609 – Peaches in black soil, 610 – persimmons in clay, & 611) on Balaclava Road located between Harry Smith’s “Curzon Hall” and John Jurd’s on the corner of Balaclava and Sebastopol Rd. The fourth block on Sobraon Road Marsfield was lot 606 planted to peaches adjoined 609. Seymour Matthew (b 1 st May 1872/15453 Pennant Hills, d 13 th June 1923/7800). He married Hilda Maria Giuliani, and they had one son Sidney Leonard born 15 th Feb 1908 at Epping, died 5 th Feb 1964 at Marrickville. Byron Edward [“Uncle Barb” to Maud Lovell] was born 17 th May 1874/18727 and died 19 th Oct 1946/27586. He married Alice Adelaide White, and they had three sons and three daughters. He had the first shop, a grocery, on the corner on Corunna Rd, and Balaclava Rd until 1915. In 1910 the family moved to rented house in Hunts Ave and in 1917 they purchased further up the street at 21 Hunts Ave. He was a generous man and failure to collect debts probably brought about the premature demise of his business. The shop continued to be operated as general store by other families. Alice May (b 14 th May 1876/19758, d 2 nd Jan 1959). She married John Alfred Rae, and they adopted a girl. Walter George (b 11 th Mar 1878/21591, d 6 th Jan 1940/5108). He married Emma Wilkinson a friend of Amy Susannah. They lived in Gosford and had eight sons and three daughters. Grace Victoria (b 24 th May 1880/23852, d 1 st Oct 1910/3108). Did not marry. Rosetta (b 9 th Feb 1881/14228, d 12 th Sep 1881/6179).

Page 3 of 6 Edward Gallard – 1835-1914. By:- Neil H Smith 7 th May 2008 Rev 6f 14th January 2018 Ancestors of Edward. Matthew Gallard [b 12 th June 1808, d 29 th Oct 1850] married Frances Ann Smith on 26 th June 1830 at St Martins in the Fields in London. He was the son of Matthew Gallard [born Southborough 7 th Jan 1780, d 1854], and Susannah Habens [born Kent 1784, d 1862]. They had married in 1807. Sometime after her husband’s death Frances Ann became a Mormon and moved to Salt Lake City, Utah. She may have re-married William Frost in 1879 at the age of 72. Her daughters Susan, Rosina , and Frances joined her. The parents of Matthew were Alexander Gallard (b 1754) and Elizabeth Cole (b 1758 in Kent). Susannah Habens ‘father was John Habens (or Stileman) born 1754. The parents of Francis Ann Smith were Joseph Sr Smith born 1775 in Birmingham who was a gun barrel maker, died about 1813, and Sophia Bassett born 1779 also in Birmingham. Sophia remarried a Mr. Stedman. Ancestors of Sarah Smith Sarah Smith was the second daughter of James Smith (b 4 th Mar 1816, d 14 th Nov), see photo, a large landowner and orchardist in Pennant Hills built his stone house at Thompson’s Corner. James and his wife Susannah Bellamy (b 7 th June 1821, d 7 th Oct 1890) married in St John’s Parramatta in 1837. James Smith was the second son of William Smith (a convict b 1784 Warwick, d 30 th Sep 1865), and Isabella Brown (b 1790 Newcastle upon Tyne, d 4th November 1864). They lived on a 30 acre property called “Thornyfield” farm 3 miles up the (the Pennant Hills) road from Parramatta. The farm was auctioned on 27 th November 1865. Susannah Bellamy was the daughter of currency lad James Zadock Bellamy (b 9 th May 1798, d 6 th Mar 1875) and currency lass Hannah Singleton (b.16 th March 1802, d 14 th Oct 1869). William Bellamy and Ann Faye were convicts, William Singleton was a convict who arrived on the “Pitt” on 14 th February 1792 with most of his family and John Small was a convict on the “Charlotte” that was part of the first fleet. Notes on Streets. Quarry Road was formerly known as Terry’s Road and ran from the two quarries in the hollows along Buffalo creek near Pidding Road. Another Quarry Rd, was in Dundas Valley where stone was quarried in the Pennant Hills Quarry for the streets of Sydney (not far from where Neil & Lyn Smith lived in 55 Supply St.). Most of the Hills District east of Parramatta was known as Pennant Hills. That they were so called because of the pennants flown from the wharf at Kissing Point (east of Ryde) to Flagstaff Hill (above Dundas) and beyond is a bit of a myth because no official evidence has been found that a signalling system existed. Governor Hunter in 1800 described the area north of the Parramatta River as the Pendant Hills, and Pendant did appear on some of the early maps. The Great North Road that was built to access Gladesville, began at Parramatta Road, Five Dock, crossed the river by punt between Abbottsford and Gladesville, and wound its way north through Ryde and beyond to the Hunter Valley. The opening of Gladesville bridge in 1881 and Iron Cove bridge in 1882 reduced the significance of the Great North Road. ‡. Five Ways was the name given to the intersection of Balaclava Road, North/Corunna Rd, and Hunts Ave, but there is also five streets at is the junction of North Rd, Quarry/Lovell Rd, and Gallard St, The Field of Mars cemetery was accessible from the Ryde tram by walking down Cressy Road and Maud Lovell [b 18 th Sep 1912] went often for a few years. Notes on the Granny Smith Apple. ƒ Maria Ann “Granny” Smith (nee Sherwood) had married Thomas Smith in Ebony, Kent on 8 th Aug 1819. Both were farm labourers and were recruited under a NSW government bounty scheme. They arrived from their home in Beckley, Sussex on 27 th Nov 1838 on the “Lady Nugent”, with their children; Thomas – 16YO, Stephen – 13YO, Charles – 8YO, Sarah – 6YO, who married Henry Johnston, Maria Ann – 1YO who married James Spurway. Henry and James were half brothers. Maria and Thomas originally worked for others in Ryde but in 1855 bought their own land at Eastwood for six hundred and five pounds. Maria Ann first grew a spur type mutant apple by chance in 1868 at Eastwood, after disposing of some gin cases brought from the Sydney markets containing remains of other apples (French Crabs from Tasmania) among ferns and grass by a creek on her orchard. Waxy skin and good keeping properties are characteristic of the French Crab. Thomas Small, a prominent local orchardist [then 39YO] and neighbour of the Gallards, was invited to comment on these seedling apples. He pronounced them good for cooking while his twelve year old

Page 4 of 6 Edward Gallard – 1835-1914. By:- Neil H Smith 7 th May 2008 Rev 6f 14th January 2018 son Edwin Henry (Lydia Gallard’s future husband) sampled them and said they were good to eat as well. Maria Ann Smith planted a few trees but it was Edward Gallard who took Maria Smith’s rootstock and developed the Granny Smith apple so widely grown by so many for the next 140 years. Maria’s sons in law James Spurway, and Henry Johnston, along with (the unrelated) Edward Gallard were the first fruit growers to pioneer the cultivation, and marketing of the Granny Smith Apple in volume. Aunty Hannah Shanks (nee Lovell) often [erroneously] mentioned grandmother Sarah Gallard (nee Smith) when we talked about the Granny Smith apple. The “Smith’s” seedling was first exhibited at the Castle Hill Show in 1890, and by 1891-92 the “Granny Smith” apple had begun to win prizes in the cooking apple class. Today the apple is grown in countries wherever there are long hot summers. The Granny Smith apple is:- • A growers apple. High yields, 6 week harvest period. Pest and disease resistant. • It satisfies the packer and marketer. • It stands up well in the markets and has good shelf life. • It is a perennial favourite of consumers. Notes on some other Gallards. Edwards’s older brother Frank Gallard (b 25 th Feb 1833, d 30 th Jun 1914), a carpenter by trade had been a member of Ryde Council from 1871 to 1878 and again in 1886 & 1887. He attended every council meeting except for the time he was on jury duty. He may have encouraged his near neighbour George Lovell to take his place on council in 1884. Gallard St bears his name. Frank married Susannah Martha Small (b 12 th May 1841, d 1907) and the lived at “Woodbines”. Frank and Susannah are buried in the Wesleyan section of Field of Mars - graves 95 & 99. Luke Gallard (b 3 rd Feb 1864, d 15 th Mar 1938) was the son of Robert Gallard, and Elizabeth Bellamy was trained in entomology at Sydney Technical College. He worked for the NSW Dept of Agriculture and was in charge of the Experimental section of the Narara (Gosford) Insect Laboratory from 1908 -1911, and was the fruit inspector in Ryde-Pennant Hills from 1912 until his retirement. ƒ. He did a considerable amount of work on the Mediterranean fruit fly. Mark Edward Gallard (b 29 th Apr 1899, d 27 th Jan 1971, Reg No 50871) was the son of Silas James Gallard and Lucy Hicks. He married Emily Young on 16 th July 1921 against his parent’s wishes because she was not a Baptist. He was a journalist and became news editor of the Daily Telegraph Pictorial. In 1933 he was hired by Ezra Norton to increase the appeal of the Sunday Truth, and became founding editor of the Daily Mirror in 1941. He protected his staff from the irascible Norton but genuinely respected Norton’s independence, drive, and expertise. He retired from management in 1955 and from the board in 1958. A colleague Errol Coote dedicated his book “Hell’s Airport” to Mark Gallard in 1934 “one of the whitest men I know”. Ion Idriess also a friend, regularly inscribed books to Mark. Sabina Grace known as “Bina” (pronounced Buy-na) was born on 4 th Aug 1901 in her family’s grocery shop on the corner of Corunna and Balaclava Roads, Marsfield. In 1910 the family moved to a rented property in Hunts Ave Eastwood [as Marsfield had been renamed in 1907]. Then in 1917 they had the opportunity to purchase a property further up the street at 21 Hunts Ave. Bina lived almost her entire life there and did not give up gardening until she was 96. Shortly after she had to go into a nursing home in Eastwood. She reached the century in the Chesalon nursing home at Beecroft and died there on 22 nd June 2002. Bina was a keen family historian and preserved many family photos. Notes. Bina and her sister Grace met Maud Smith (nee Lovell) at the Pioneers Day at Castle Hill Showground in 1988. Walter E Gallard (b 1913) was also there. Every year from that time on Bina rang Maud her on her birthday (18 th Sep).

Page 5 of 6 Edward Gallard – 1835-1914. By:- Neil H Smith 7 th May 2008 Rev 6f 14th January 2018 Sources: - ‚ Nat Owles ƒ http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs Biographies for:- Mark Gallard; Maria Ann “Granny” Smith; http://www.ww2roll.gov.au WW2 Nominal Rolls http://www.ryde.nsw.gov.au/ryde/msherwood.htm http://www.awm.gov.au WW1 Nominal Rolls. Granny Smith and her apple. Also Bas Van Den Ende http://www.naa16.naa.gov.au http://[email protected] „ Conversations with Maud Smith (Lovell). & Lyn Dokon † NSW Attorney General’s Dept. On-line historical lists. (Smith). Ron Callow. Lovell - Smith – Patterson FT http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au LDS Church Records. http://www.familysearch.org http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au Gladesville Bridge ‡ State Library of Victoria. Genealogy Section. ˆ Sands Directory Leichhardt LH919.441. SLV GM117 EASTWOOD-MARSFIELD Partners in History by Alex ‰ State Records Authority of NSW. McAndrew http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/indexes/searchform http://www.ryersonindex.org Newspaper Death Notices. http://www.coraweb.com.au On line index of sources “A Desperate Set of Villains” , Manning Clark’s History of Australia Barbara Hall 2000-2003. ISBN 0616 39361 8. Gives a brief Abridged by Michael Cathcart account of all people on the ship “Marquis Cornwallis”. Ann ISBN 0 522 84523 1. Melbourne University Press 1993. Fay – convict, Bellamy FT. www.trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del

Photocopy documents on hand. Pages from a book containing brief pioneer family Pages from a book containing brief pioneer family histories:- Bellamy, Singleton. From Nat Owles histories:- pages 9-12 Bellamy, pages 5-7 Smith. From Nat Owles Map of “The Green Hills” by Bryan Thomas 1981. From Nat Family tree from John Lovell b 1696 to Mary Ann Lovell b Owles. 1845. From Nat Owles. Plus Lovell-Gallard family tree (on jumbo sheet) Œ Memoirs of Frank Gallard. Written by Archie Small, 1 st Sept 1975, produced by Lottie Gallard, and preserved by Bina Gallard. Obtained from the Family.

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