The Journal of The Journal of SanSan DiegoDiego Volume Winter 62 2016 Number 1 • The Journal of History HistoryHistory The Journal of San Diego History

Founded in 1928 as the San Diego Historical Society, today’s San Diego History Center is one of the largest and oldest historical organizations on the West Coast. It houses vast regionally significant collections of objects, photographs, documents, films, oral histories, historic clothing, paintings, and other works of art. The San Diego History Center operates two major facilities in national historic landmark districts: The Research Library and History Museum in and the Serra Museum in Presidio Park. The San Diego History Center presents dynamic changing exhibitions that tell the diverse stories of San Diego’s past, present, and future, and it provides educational programs for K-12 schoolchildren as well as adults and families.

www.sandiegohistory.org

Front Cover: Town of Palma del Río, birthplace of Cabrillo, photos by Rafael Morales. Document containing Cabrillo’s testimony in Cádiz, February 22, 1532, in which he states that he is a native (natural) of Palma de Micer Gilio (Palma del Río), courtesy of the Archive General de Indias, Justicia 707, N.6, image 25. Overlay of Cabrillo’s landing in 1542 as filmed in August 2016 by the National Park Service.

Back Cover: Surfers, Shore, San Diego, , Photo by Sebastien Burel, Adobe Stock.

Design and Layout: Allen Wynar

Printing: Crest Offset Printing

Editorial Assistants: Cynthia van Stralen Travis Degheri Joey Seymour

Articles appearing in The Journal of San Diego History are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life.

The paper in the publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Science-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.

The Journal of San Diego History

IRIS H. W. ENGSTRAND MOLLY McCLAIN Editors

THEODORE STRATHMAN DAVID MILLER Review Editors

Published since 1955 by the SAN DIEGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY 1649 El Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego, California 92101 ISSN 0022-4383 The Journal of San Diego History

VOLUME 62 SUMMER-FALL 2016 NUMBERS 3 & 4

Editorial Consultants Published quarterly by the San Diego History Center at 1649 El Prado, Balboa MATTHEW BOKOVOY Park, San Diego, California 92101. University of Nebraska Press A $60.00 annual membership in the WILLIAM DEVERELL San Diego History Center includes University of Southern California; subscription to The Journal of San Director, Huntington-USC Institute Diego History and the SDHC Times. of California and the West All back issues are accessible at www. VICTOR GERACI sandiegohistory.org. University of California, Berkeley Articles and book reviews for publication consideration, as well as DONALD H. HARRISON editorial correspondence, should be Publisher, San Diego Jewish World addressed to Editors, The Journal of San J. MICHAEL KELLY Diego History, Department of History, Committee of 100 Balboa Park , 5998 Alcalá Park, San Diego, CA 92110 ROGER W. LOTCHIN University of North Carolina Chapel Hill All article submissons should be computer generated, double-spaced JOHN PUTMAN with endnotes, and follow the Chicago San Diego State University Manual of Style. Authors should ANDREW ROLLE submit an electronic copy in Microsoft The Huntington Library Word. Photographs must be submitted separately at 300ppi. ROGER SHOWLEY The San Diego Union-Tribune The San Diego History Center assumes no responsibility for the statements or ABE SHRAGGE opinions of the authors or reviewers. Independent Historian ©2016 by the San Diego History Center RAYMOND STARR ISSN 0022-4383 San Diego State University, emeritus Periodicals postage paid at San Diego, CA Publication No. 331-870 PHOEBE S. K. YOUNG (619) 232-6203 University of at Boulder www.sandiegohistory.org

Note: For a change of address, please call (619) 232-6203 ext. 102 or email [email protected]

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CONTENTS

VOLUME 62 SUMMER-FALL 2016 NUMBERS 3 & 4

ARTICLES Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Citizen of Guatemala and Native of Palma del Río: New Sources from the Sixteenth Century Wendy Kramer 217 David Lion Gardiner: A Yankee in Gold Rush California, 1849-1851 Molly McClain 249 Tourmaline Canyon: Surfers vs. Homeowners during the 1960s Brooke Johnson Schmidtt 273 Why The Y?: The Origin of San Diego YWCA’s Clay Avenue Branch for African Americans Charla Wilson 303 A Monument to an Event that Never Happened Roger Newton 323

BOOK REVIEWS 331

EXHIBIT REVIEW 336

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Exhibit Review and Book Notes

339 The Journal of San Diego History

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Gayle Hom Kim Fletcher William Lawrence Lucy C. Jackson Tom Karlo John Morrell Bob Kelly BOARD OF TRUSTEES Ann Navarra Helen Kinnaird Thompson Fetter, President Susan B. Peinado Yvonne W. Larsen Joe Craver, Vice President Sandra Perlatti David Malcolm Robert J. Watkins, Vice President Kay Porter Seth W. Mallios, Ph.D. Frank Alessi, Treasurer Margie Warner Jack Monger Ann Hill, Secretary Allan Wasserman Rana Sampson Robert F. Adelizzi, President Emeritus Tom Wornham Hon. Lynn Schenk Hal Sadler FAIA, President Emeritus Roger Zucchet Drew Schlosberg TRUSTEES Mary L. Walshok, Ph.D. ADVISORY BOARD Chuck Bieler Stephen B. Williams Malin Burnham Richard Bregante Hon. Pete Wilson Thomas A. Caughlan, USMC, Ret. Ray Carpenter Karin E. Winner M. Wayne Donaldson, FAIA Debra Cushman-Parrish Iris Engstrand, Ph.D. Dan Eaton

INDIVIDUAL GIFTS The San Diego History Center gratefully acknowledges the generous support of individuals contributing above $1,000 since June 1, 2015-June 1, 2016. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Adelizzi Mr. and Mrs. Kim Fletcher Mrs. Kay Porter Mr. and Mrs. Frank Alessi Mrs. Jacqueline M. Gillman Mr. and Mrs. Hal Sadler Mr. and Mrs. Willis Allen Ms. Connie K. Golden Laurie and Rowan Sefton-Henson Mr. and Mrs. C. Neil Ash Mr. James M. Hall Mr. John Thornton Mr. and Mrs. Charles Bieler Mrs. Ann Hill and Dr. John D. Hill Mr. Albert E. Trepte Mr. Steven L. Black Ms. Gayle Hom Dr. Robert D. Wallace Mr. and Mrs. Richard Bregante Mrs. Lucy and Mr. Tom Jackson Dr. Mary L. Walshok, PhD David and Jeffrey Brockett Ms. Janet Klauber Mrs. Nell Waltz Mr. and Mrs. Malin Burnham Mr. Peter R. LaDow Mr. and Mrs. John H. Warner Mr. and Mrs. David Canedo Mr. and Mrs. William Lawrence Mr. and Mrs. Allan Wasserman Mr. Ray Carpenter Ms. Susan Leonard Mr. and Mrs. Bob Watkins Mr. and Mrs. Jeff Cavignac Pamela Hamilton Lester and Mrs. BJ Williams Mrs. Jane Cowgill James Lester Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Williams Mr. and Mrs. Joe W. Craver Mr. and Mrs. Edward C. Malone The Honorable Pete Wilson and Ms. Debra Cushman-Parrish Mr. and Mrs. Scott McMillin Mrs. Gayle Wilson Mr. Tom and Ms. Berit Durler Mr. and Mrs. James Milch Ms. Karin E. Winner Mr. Dan Eaton Mr. and Mrs. John Morrell Mr. Joseph Wong Mrs. Anne L. Evans Ms. Ann Navarra Mr. Thomas Wornham Mr. and Mrs. Thompson Fetter Dan Pegg Mr. Keith York and Ms. Jessica Hanson Mr. Nicholas M. Fintzelberg Ms. Sandra Perlatti Mr. and Mrs. Roger Zucchet

CORPORATE AND FOUNDATION SUPPORT The San Diego History Center gratefully acknowledges the generous support of businesses and foundations contributing above $1,000 since June 1, 2015-June 1, 2016. Alfred C. Berner Estate Jewish Community Foundation PCL Construction Allison and Robert Price Family Foundation Fortress Fence and Landscape Design Philip Klauber Estate The Arthur and Jeanette Pratt Memorial Fund The Gilbert J. Martin Foundation Phyllis H. Paul Trust Bank of America Gildred Development Co. Price Philanthropies Foundation BB&T John Burnham Insurance Heartland Meat Co. Quest for Truth Foundation The Beatrice F. Knott Estate The Heller Foundation of San Diego The Robert David Lion Gardiner Bert’s Office Trailers Hensel Phelps Foundation, Inc. BrightView Landscape Development I. Lehman Trust R. E. Staite Engineering, Inc. Brochett Dental Corp. Ike Kligerman Barkley Architects P.C. Rick Engineering Cannon Constructors South, Inc. Jerome’s Furniture RJC Architects Carleton Management, Inc. Las Patronas Robinson Electric Carmel Mountain Ranch Veterinary Hosp. Layer 3 Security Services The Ruth Lane Charitable Foundation Chula Vista Electric The Legler Benbough Foundation Samuel I. and John Henry Fox Foundation City of San Diego Commission for Lindsey Veterinary Hospital San Diego County Veterinary Medical Assoc. Arts and Culture MA Engineers San Diego Hist. Society Endowment Fund Cisterra Marian and Walter Trevor, Jane Trevor Scott Fence Company Concrete Contractors Interstate Fetter and Thompson Fetter Fund Silvani Decedent’s Trust B The Corky McMillin Companies Meyer Charitable Foundation Turner Construction Company County of San Diego Michael Baker International U.S. Bank Cushman Foundation ModernSanDiego.com Union Bank of California David C. Copley Foundation MWE Engineering, Inc. VCA Inc. DCI Engineers New School of Architecture VCA Animal Specialty Group De Falco Family Foundation, Inc. The Paper Company Veterinary Specialty Hospital Duane Morris LLP Patrons of the Prado Wells Fargo Bank The Favrot Fund The Paula B. and Oliver W. Jones Family Willis Towers Watson Fidelity National Title Insurance Foundation Zoological Society of San Diego The Foster Family Fund of the Paul Bechtner Foundation

340 The San Diego History Center gratefully acknowledges the generosity of the Robert D.L. Gardiner Foundation and the Quest for Truth Foundation for their ongoing support of The Journal of San Diego History

Contributions to support The Journal may also be made to The Journal of San Diego History Fund at

The San Diego Foundation (619) 235-2300 or (858) 385-1595 [email protected]