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Social Dialogue-Consultation Framework for Promoting Quality and Social Responsibility in Regional/Local Government

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Social Dialogue-Consultation Framework for Promoting Quality and Social Responsibility in Regional/Local Government Methodological Tool: Social Dialogue-Consultation Framework for promoting Quality and Social Responsibility in Regional/Local Government Activity 4.5 1 Table of contents 1. Introduction ____________________________________________________________________ 4 2. Social dialogue in general _________________________________________________________ 4 3. Identity and form ________________________________________________________________ 7 4. Composition of participants _______________________________________________________ 8 5. Sectors of Intervention ____________________________________________________________ 9 6. Founding Organization(s) _________________________________________________________ 9 7. Social Dialogue & Stakeholders in the National Level __________________________________ 10 8. Purpose & Value of Social Dialogue ________________________________________________ 13 9. Social Dialogue Methodology _____________________________________________________ 16 10. Social Dialogue (SD) and Social Partnership in practice (SP) ___________________________ 32 I. Characteristics and Categorization of SP & SD _____________________________________________ 32 II. Categorization of the Concept and the Content of SP and SD _________________________________ 33 III. Social Partnership & Dialogue – Definitions / Forms ______________________________________ 33 IV. Differentiation of SP, SD ____________________________________________________________ 36 V. Basic Principles and Practices of SP and SD at a Central Level (ΕU) _____________________________ 37 VI. Main Preconditions for genuine SP & SD _______________________________________________ 37 11. SOCIAL DIALOGUE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ________________ 38 I. Introduction ________________________________________________________________________ 38 II. Social Dialogue in the European Union ___________________________________________________ 42 III. Developments of SD at the European Level _____________________________________________ 43 IV. Conclusion _______________________________________________________________________ 44 12. European Past Experience (Territorial Employment Pacts- Territorial Partnerships) ________ 45 i. AUSTRIA TERRITORIAL EMPLOYMENTS PACTS ________________________________________ 45 ii. HUNGARY TERRITORIAL EMPLOYMENTS PACTS ______________________________________ 49 2 iii. GREECE – GREEK PARTNERSHIPS _________________________________________________ 52 13. DISCUSSIONS – NEGOTIATIONS – PROPOSALS FOR FUTURE ACTIVITIES __________________ 55 i. Baltic Islands Network position on EU Green Paper on Territorial Cohesion ________________ 55 ii. Territorial Pacts : Making the Most of Europe 2020 Through Partnerships _________________ 59 3 1. Introduction The aim of this model is to contribute towards the creation of a basic methodology which will assist in approaching the social dialogue/consultation in local and sectoral level, in a way that will set up the major motivation requirements of the principal local Actors acting directly or indirectly and “officially” or “unofficially” as Social Partner Organizations. 2. Social dialogue in general According to Prof. M. Rodriguez Pinero, member of the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations of the International Labour Organization, the term "social dialogue" frequently used in the European Union and now extremely widespread, covers "interactions and interrelationships amongst the social partners that surpass, improve upon or enhance the traditional framework of classical collective bargaining and the central role of the collective agreement in labour relations".(Diálogo Social, Participación y Negociación Colectiva, Relaciones Laborales No. 23, December 1995, Madrid). Other academics regard it as one of the "various possible forms of interest intermediation" (Berndt Keller and Fred Henneberger. Prospects for social dialogue in the public sector. European Confederations, sectoral federations and forms of interest intermediation. TRANSFER 1/97). The social dialogue has also been described in terms of its usefulness as "a way and method of processing the varying social interests so as to arrive at basic understandings as to how to build the Social State" (D. Martinez and M. Simon in the Foreword of EI Diálogo Social en los Países Andinos: Nuevo Camino Para Los Sindicatos? J. M. Sepulveda and M. L. Vega. ILO, Lima, 1999). 4 From a practical point of view, let us stick to the most recent definition used by the International Labour Organization: “ Social dialogue represents all types of negotiation, consultation and information sharing among representatives of governments, social partners or between social partners on issues of common interest relating to economic and social policy”. Social dialogue is widely recognized as one of the principles underlying what is known as the European social model, based on good economic performance, a high level of social protection and education and social dialogue. In Europe, the concept of dialogue between governments, employers’ and workers’ organizations is generally accepted as a part of good governance, even if its modalities and its extent may differ substantially from one country to another and are often sensitive to electoral cycles. 5 In general, discussions concerning the social dialogue led to a number of conclusions which have generally been accepted by governments and social partners: • Social dialogue does not supplement but complements classical parliamentary democracy. Allowing large groups in society to participate in the policy formulation and decision-making processes regarding economic and social policy can strengthen and consolidate traditional policy mechanisms. Democracy should not be limited to voting in periodic elections. Social dialogue is flexible: partners may meet whenever it is deemed necessary. But it may also be strategic: aimed at securing long-term rather then short-term gains. On the other hand, social dialogue is fully efficient only in a democracy, in a society which not only professes but also practises human rights (civil. political, economic, social, cultural). • Social dialogue is not in contradiction with the market economy. On the contrary, it can help to sustain its effective functioning by dealing with its social aspects. It may prevent or solve unnecessary and violent social conflicts by achieving acceptable compromises between economic and social imperatives, and it may improve the business and investment environment. It is also an instrument of better productivity and competitiveness. • Social dialogue is not an end in itself, but rather a tool for dealing with various economic and social problems. The European Union considers it as the driving force behind successful economic and social reforms. Social dialogue is recognized as having special merits in such innovative areas such as enhancing skills and qualifications, modernizing the organization of work, promoting equal opportunities and developing active ageing policies. 6 • There is no universal model of social dialogue. It is a concept flexible enough to be adapted to the most diverse situations. Content and impact on real social and economic life are what should be assessed. • Social dialogue is not just a context of crisis management. Unfortunately, governments sometimes turn to the social partners uniquely in a situation of economic crisis when they are seeking support for unpopular measures. This approach is fundamentally flawed: dialogue must be based on mutual trust and confidence built up over long years of cooperation in good faith and on-going participation. Therefore, social dialogue should be used not only in adverse but also in favourable economic circumstances. 3. Identity and form Whoever might the “entity” (“collaborative platform”) be, under whose responsibility and guidance an organized effort of local Social Consultation process will be carried out, it is necessary that this “entity” should have a form, an identity and a structure, which will ensure its credibility. This identity could be described as Territorial Governmental Social Responsibility Process, or by any other way that clearly states its subject and content. The degree of representation/involvement of the various categories of Actors in the Initiative/Consultation process, will determine its credibility and the degree to which it can affect the public opinion. 7 It should remain – at least at the current phase – an unofficial instrument, in which anyone interested should participate equally and which will motivate the “local leaders” of all related categories. This motivation must have a long-standing and collective nature and not a “momentary one”, limited to just a few meetings without ensuring continuance and sustainability. Amongst major requirements for such kind of sustainability rank: 1. Effective local publicity 2. Stability of the individuals participating in the working groups 3. Official and declared support of everyone involved 4. A wider agenda of Local Interest 4. Composition of participants Indicatively, Representatives – officers – experts of: Local and regional Public Authorities; Companies/Organizations of the wider Public Sector; Representation Bodies/Unions of Employees of the Public Sector; Educational – Research – Vocational Training Institutions; Professional Associations; Citizens’ Associations; NGOs acting in various fields towards the benefit of the Community; 8 Knowledge Transfer - Dissemination Actors; Chambers; Local Developmental
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