Wild of Hayward Regional Shoreline

Common Name Version

A Photographic Guide

Sorted by Form, Color and Family with Habitat Descriptions and Identification Notes

Photographs and text by Wilde Legard District Botanist, East Bay Regional Park District

New Revised and Expanded Edition - Includes the latest scientific names, habitat descriptions and identification notes Decimal Inches

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9

1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches

Notes:

A Photographic Guide to the Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline

More than 2,000 of native and naturalized plants grow wild in the San Francisco Bay Area. Most are very difficult to identify without the help of good illustrations. This is designed to be a simple, color photo guide to help you identify some of these plants. This guide is published electronically in Adobe Acrobat® format so that it can easily be updated as additional photographs become available. You have permission to freely download, distribute and print this guide for individual use. Photographs are © 2014 Wilde Legard, all rights reserved.

In this guide, the included plants are sorted first by form (Ferns & Fern-like, Grasses & Grass-like, Herbaceous, Woody), then by most common flower color, and finally by similar looking flowers (grouped by genus within each family). Each photograph has the following information, separated by '-':

COMMON NAME According to The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of , Second Edition (JM2) and other references (not standardized). (Scientific Name) According to JM2 and eFlora (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html). Origin & Longevity Native, Naturalized, or Waif (not reproducing without human care). Annual, Biennial, Perennial, or a combination. Family Name Common family name according to JM2, (Bloom date range) Period during the year when the blooms, according to JM2 and other sources. '-' if plant does not bloom (ie. Ferns). Habitat Habitat description according to JM2 and other sources. ID Characteristics Plant description with identification characteristics and other notes, based on multiple sources including: Annotated Checklist of the East Bay Flora, Second Edition (2013), JM2, Plants of the San Francisco Bay Region (Revised Edition), and Weeds of California and Other Western States. Additional notes Occasionally, an additional note may appear (ie. NOXIOUS weed, INVASIVE weed, Fed & Calif. ENDANGERED, etc.).

Revision: 3/2/2014 Fern-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 1

CALIFORNIA MAIDENHAIR (Adiantum jordanii) SMOOTH SCOURING RUSH (Equisetum BROAD-LEAVED CATTAIL (Typha latifolia) GIANT REED (Arundo donax) Naturalized Native Perennial - Brake Fern Family - - - Shaded laevigatum) Native Perennial - Horsetail Family - Native Perennial - Cattail Family - (Jun–Jul) - Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Sep) - Moist hillsides, moist woodland - Leaves 8-28" long - - Moist, sandy or gravelly areas - Stems 1 kind Unpolluted to nutrient-rich freshwater (brackish) places, seeps, ditchbanks - Stem 6-33' tall, with many rounded symmetrical segments, each only, 12-71" tall, unbranched. Sheath w/dark marshes - Plant 4.9-9.8' tall. Widest leaves matures woody. Leaves evenly spaced on stem. with < 4 irregular lobes. Cultivated. Sudden Oak band only at the top. 0.4-1.1" wide. Flower cluster with no gap Flower cluster 8-28" tall, up to 5" wide. Spikelet Death carrier. between flower types. ~0.5" long. NOXIOUS weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 2

SLENDER WILD OAT (Avena barbata) WILD OAT (Avena fatua) Naturalized Annual - RIPGUT GRASS (Bromus diandrus) Naturalized SOFT CHESS (Bromus hordeaceus) Naturalized Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed sites - Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Open, gen Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Fields, Disturbed sites - Plants gen 24-32". Spikelets Plants 1-5' tall. Spikelets 0.7-1.3" long. Low awn disturbed areas - Plant 6-40" tall. Spikelet 1-2.8" disturbed areas - Plant 4-26” tall. Leaf hairy. 0.8-1.2" long. Awns 0.8-1.8" long. Lemma tip 1-1.6" long. Lemma tip bristles < 0.04" long. long. Lemma body 0.8-1.2" long, awn > 1.2" long. Flower cluster 1-5” long, dense, some stalks > bristles >= 0.1" long. Seeds EDIBLE whole or Seeds EDIBLE whole or ground for flour. Barbed seeds can stick in flesh of animals. spikelet. Spikelet 0.5-0.9”. Lemma 0.26-0.4”, awn ground for flour. INVASIVE weed. INVASIVE weed. INVASIVE weed. 0.16-0.4”. INVASIVE weed.

RED BROME (Bromus madritensis subsp. HAIRY PAMPAS GRASS (Cortaderia jubata) SALT GRASS (Distichlis spicata) Native BROME FESCUE (Festuca bromoides) rubens) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Sep–Feb) Perennial - Grass Family - (Apr–Sep) - Salt Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (May–Jun) - (Mar–Jun) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plant - Disturbed sites, many habitats, esp coastal - marshes, coastal dunes, moist, alkaline areas - Uncommon. Dry, disturbed places, coastal-sage 4-20". Flower cluster condensed, branches Plant 6-23' tall. Leaf blades 0.1-0.5" wide, Stem 4-20” long. Leaves 0.8-4” long, flat, stiff. scrub, chaparral - Stem < 20". Inflor 0.6-6" tall, obscure, < spikelets. Stem & sheathes hairy. sheathes hairy. NOXIOUS weed. Flower cluster 0.8-3” long, narrow. Spikelets dense, lower branches erect. Spikelet 0.2-0.4" INVASIVE weed. straw-colored to purple, 2-20/group, 0.24-0.8” long, awn 0.1-0.3" long. long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 3

RYE GRASS (Festuca perennis) Naturalized MEDITERRANEAN BARLEY (Hordeum marinum HARE BARLEY (Hordeum murinum subsp. WALL BARLEY (Hordeum murinum subsp. Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Sep) - Dry to subsp. gussoneanum) Naturalized Annual - leporinum) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - murinum) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - moist disturbed sites, abandoned fields - Stem Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Dry to moist, (Feb–May) - Moist, gen disturbed sites. Common (Feb–May) - Moist, gen disturbed sites - Stem 20-40" tall. Spikelet 0.2-0.9" long, > glume, disturbed sites - Stem 4-20". Leaf blades to 32" - Stem 12-43" tall. Central spikelet stalk ~0.06" 1-2'. Leaf auricles notable. Central spikelet stalk awned or awnless. Sterile shoots at base. long, auricles < 0.08". Central lemma awn long. Central floret << lateral florets. INVASIVE 0-0.02". Central floret gen = lateral florets. INVASIVE weed. 0.25-0.7" long. INVASIVE weed. weed. INVASIVE weed.

RABBITFOOT GRASS (Polypogon SEACOAST BULRUSH (Bolboschoenus COMMON TULE (Schoenoplectus acutus var. SOUTHERN BULRUSH (Schoenoplectus monspeliensis) Naturalized Annual - Grass robustus) Native Perennial - Sedge Family - occidentalis) Native Perennial - Sedge Family - californicus) Native Perennial - Sedge Family - Family - (Apr–Aug) - Moist places, along streams (Summer) - Brackish to saline coastal marshes - (Summer) - Common. Marshes, shores, fens, (Spring–summer) - Common. Brackish to fresh - Stem 8-39". Leaf 0.4-8" long, 0.16-0.24" wide. Plant 20-60" tall. Stem sharply triangular. Flower shallow lakes, often emergent - Stem 3.3-13' tall, marshes, shores - Stem 3.3-13' tall, slender, Flower cluster 0.4-6.7" long, plume-like. Glume cluster dense, stemless, just above bracts. fat, round x-section, blue-green. bright green, bluntly 3-angled. Flower cluster awn > 0.14". Lemma awn gen < 0.1". INVASIVE. Spikelets 5-25, 0.4-1.2" long. somewhat open. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 4

NAKED LADIES (Amaryllis belladonna) GRAND HOUND'S TONGUE (Cynoglossum PURPLE OWL'S-CLOVER (Castilleja exserta PURPLE SANICLE (Sanicula bipinnatifida) Naturalized Perennial - Amaryllis Family - grande) Native Perennial - Borage Family - subsp. exserta) Native Annual - Broom-rape Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Mar–May) - (Jul–Sep) - Disturbed sites, often around (Feb–May) - Chaparral, woodland - Stem 1-3'. Family - (Mar–May) - Open fields, grassland - Open grassland, gen on serpentine, or pine/oak abandoned home sites - Stems leafless, 1-2' tall. Leaf stalk 3-6". Leaf blade 3-6" cm long, broadly Plant sticky, short-hairy. Flower cluster tipped woodland - Plant 5-24" tall. Leaves 1.6-7.5" long, Flowers large and pink (sometimes white or oval. Flowers bright blue w/inner white teeth. white, pale yellow or rose. Flower upper lip 1-2x divided on a winged central axis. Flowers yellow at the base). Escaped ornamentals. hooked, fuzzy. dark purple. Fruits prickly.

SMALL CLARKIA (Clarkia affinis) Native Annual - ALKALI HEATH (Frankenia salina) Native LONG-BEAKED FILAREE (Erodium botrys) REDSTEM FILAREE (Erodium cicutarium) Evening Primrose Family - (May–Jun) - Openings Perennial - Frankenia Family - (Apr–Sep) - Salt Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - in woodland, chaparral - Stem < 32". Buds erect, marshes, alkali flats - Matted subshrub, to 1' tall. (Mar–Jul) - Dry, open or disturbed sites - Stem (Feb–Sep) - Open, disturbed sites, grassland, ovary 8-grooved, sepals united on side. Petals Leaf blade 0.16-0.6" long, <= 0.24" wide. Petals 4-35" tall, coarse-hairy. Leaves lobed. Petals scrub - Stem 4-20". Leaves compound, leaflets 0.2-0.6" long, pale pink to dark wine-red, often white to pink or blue-purple, 0.24-0.55" long; gen pink, 0.3-0.5" long. Sepals w/reddish tip. Fruit dissected. Sepal tip bristly. Petal pink to purple. purple-flecked. 6 stamens. beak 2-4.7" long. Fruit beak 0.8-2". INVASIVE. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 5

GREENSTEM FILAREE (Erodium moschatum) HAIRY DOVE'S FOOT GERANIUM (Geranium WESTERN BLUE-EYED-GRASS (Sisyrinchium WESTERN MARSH-ROSEMARY (Limonium Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - molle) Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - bellum) Native Perennial - Iris Family - californicum) Native Perennial - Leadwort Family (Feb–Sep) - Open, disturbed sites - Stem 4-24", (Feb–Aug) - Open to shaded sites, disturbed (Mar–May) - Common. Open, gen moist, grassy - (Jul–Dec) - Common; coastal dunes, salt short-hairy. Leaves compound, leaflets toothed. ground - Stem 4-17" tall. Petals red-purple, areas, woodland - Stem < 25" tall. Leaves marshes - Plant < 14" tall. Leaves all at base, Sepal tip glabrous. Petals 0.4-0.6" long, pink. 0.1-0.4" long, notched. Sepals awnless. Fruit iris-like. Petals 6, blue-purple with dark veins, blades 2-6" long, thick, unlobed. Flowers Fruit beak 0.8-1.6" long. smooth, wrinkled. 0.4-0.7" long. lavender to whitish.

BULL MALLOW (Malva nicaeensis) Naturalized RADISH (Raphanus sativus) Naturalized Annual - MINIATURE LUPINE (Lupinus bicolor) Native ARROYO LUPINE (Lupinus succulentus) Native Annual - Mallow Family - (Mar–Jun) - Disturbed Mustard Family - (May–Jul) - Disturbed areas, Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. Annual - Pea Family - (Feb–May) - Abundant. places - Stem 0.7-2'. Leaf blade 1.2-4.7" wide, fields - Stem 16-51" long. Petals 0.6-1" long, Open or disturbed areas - Plant 4-16", hairy. Open or disturbed areas, often seeded on 5-7 shallow lobes. Bractlets white to purple. Fruit a fat cylinder w/constrictions Flower 0.16-0.4" long, banner longer than wide, roadbanks - Plant 8-40" tall, fleshy, sparsely egg-shaped,0.16-0.2" long. Petals pink to between seeds. INVASIVE weed. upper keel ciliate near tip, pedicel < 0.12". Fruit hairy. Flowers 0.5-0.7" long, whorled, gen blue-violet, 0.2-0.5" long. 0.12-0.24" wide. blue-purple, petal claws short-hairy. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 6

CALIFORNIA GILIA (Gilia achilleifolia subsp. SLENDER ANNUAL PHLOX (Microsteris gracilis) PADRE SHOOTING STAR (Dodecatheon MOSQUITOBILLS SHOOTING STAR achilleifolia) Native Annual - Phlox Family - Native Annual - Phlox Family - (Mar–Aug) - Dry to clevelandii subsp. patulum) Native Perennial - (Dodecatheon hendersonii) Native Perennial - (Mar–Jun) - Open or shaded, gen grassy places, moist areas - Plant < 8" tall, glandualr-hairy. Primrose Family - (Mar–May) - Moist places, Primrose Family - (Mar–Jul) - Gen in shady sites sandy or rocky soil - Leaves linear-lobed. Flowers Leaves 0.4-1.2" long. Flowers 0.3-0.5" long, often on serpentine or in ± alkaline sites - Leaf - Leaf blade length generally <2x width. Flower lavender, 0.4-0.8" long, throat > tube, 8-25 in tubes yellow, lobes bright pink to white. blade length >2x width. Flowers often white. parts 4s or 5s. Filament tube solid black. hemispheric head. Filiment tube w/light spots below anthers.

ITALIAN THISTLE (Carduus pycnocephalus BULL THISTLE (Cirsium vulgare) Naturalized ARTICHOKE THISTLE (Cynara cardunculus WEEDY CUDWEED (Pseudognaphalium subsp. pycnocephalus) Naturalized Annual - Biennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Oct) - subsp. flavescens) Naturalized Perennial - luteoalbum) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Sunflower Family - (Mar–Jul) - Roadsides, Common. Disturbed areas - Plant 12-79" tall. Top Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed places - Family - (Apr–Aug) - Disturbed sites, fields, pastures, disturbed areas - Stems 8-79", narrow of leaves bristly; leaf base forming decurrent Plant 1.6-8' tall. Artichoke head 1.6-6" diam, streambeds - Heads 0.12-0.16" long, yellowish, spiny-wings. Lower leaves 4-10 lobed, heads 2-5, wings on stem. Flowers purple, gen 1-2" wide. spine-tipped. Flowers blue or purple, 1.2-2" long. female flowers < 0.08" long, pappus bristles flower bracts woolly. NOXIOUS. NOXIOUS weed. NOXIOUS weed. connected. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 7

MILK THISTLE (Silybum marianum) Naturalized ANNUAL SALTMARSH ASTER FULLER'S TEASEL (Dipsacus sativus) CURLY DOCK (Rumex crispus) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Sunflower Family - (Feb–Jun) - (Symphyotrichum subulatum var. parviflorum) Naturalized Biennial - Teasel Family - (May–Jul) - Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (All year) - Roadsides, pastures, disturbed areas - Stem Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Disturbed areas, fields, vacant lots, pastures - Abundant. Disturbed places - Stem 16-39" tall. 1-10', stout. Leaves spiny, shiny green w/white Marshes, disturbed places - Heads white to pink, Plant gen < 6' tall. Leaf pairs fused around stem. Flower cluster dense, valves 0.2-0.24", winged veins and spots. Flowers red-purple. INVASIVE solitary, in leaf axils and stem ends, <50 rays. Flower cluster lavender, 5-10 cm long, bracts around tubercles, smooth edged. 1 tubercle weed. Flower head bracts sharp-tipped. spreading. INVASIVE weed. enlarged. INVASIVE.

FAT-HEN (Atriplex prostrata) Native Annual - SEA BEET (Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima) PACIFIC PICKLEWEED (Salicornia pacifica) FLESHY RUSSIAN THISTLE (Salsola soda) Goosefoot Family - (Apr–Oct) - Wet places, Naturalized Annual - Goosefoot Family - Native Perennial - Goosefoot Family - (Jul–Nov) - Naturalized Annual - Goosefoot Family - marshes - Plant 4-48" tall, branched at base. (Feb-Sep) - Moist sandy places, disturbed areas - Salt marshes, alkaline flats - Plant 4-28" tall, (Jul–Oct) - Uppermost intertidal zone, saline or Leaves alternate, blades 0.4-3.5" long, triangular, Plant succulent. Stem < 32" tall. Leaf blades < 4" branching from base, branches opposite. Flower muddy flats, open areas in salt marshes - Plant green, not dense-scaly underneath. long. Fruits fall in clusters. clusters 0.8-3.3" long, 0.1-0.2" wide. 6-18" tall, succulent, branched from base, not red-striped. INVASIVE weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 8

RUSSIAN THISTLE (Salsola tragus) Naturalized DWARF NETTLE (Urtica urens) Naturalized CUT-LEAF PLANTAIN (Plantago coronopus) SPINY COCKLEBUR (Xanthium spinosum) Annual-Perennial - Goosefoot Family - (Jul–Oct) - Annual - Nettle Family - (Jan–Jun) - Disturbed Native Annual-Biennial - Plantain Family - Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Common. Disturbed places - Plant < 5' tall. Stem areas, stream banks, shaded areas in grassland, (Apr–Jul) - Coastal bluffs, salt marshes, trampled Disturbed, seasonally wet, often alkaline sites, in gen red-striped, widely branched. Leaves oak woodland, chaparral, coastal-sage scrub, places, chaparral, grassy flats - Leaves 1.6-10" grassland, marshes, watercourses - Plant 4-24". succulent, 0.3-2" long, upper spine-tipped. riparian woodland - Leaf teeth sharp. Petals 2 long, tooth-like lobes. Flower: stems 1-6, 2-20" Stem node spines 0.6-1.2" long, golden, gen NOXIOUS. large, 2 small, free to base. tall, cluster 0.8-8" long. 3-lobed. Bur 0.4-0.5" long.

COCKLEBUR (Xanthium strumarium) Native COMMON FIDDLENECK (Amsinckia intermedia) WARRIOR'S PLUME (Pedicularis densiflora) SHEEP SORREL (Rumex acetosella) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Native Annual - Borage Family - (Mar–Jun) - Native Perennial - Broom-rape Family - Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (Apr–Jul) - ± Disturbed, seasonally wet, often alkaline sites, in Abundant. Open, generally disturbed places - (Mar–May) - Dry chaparral, oak/pine forest - Disturbed, often acidic places - Stem < 16". Leaf grassland, marshes, watercourses - Plant 4-32" Plant 0.5-3' tall. Flowers orange with 5 red spots, Hairy. Stem 2.4-22". Basal leaves 5-28 cm long, gen basal, blade 0.8-2.4" long, lower tall. Stem spineless. Bur 0.4-1.2"+ long. 0.3-0.4" long, 0.2-0.4" wide, tube straight. 13-41 segments. Flowers deep-red to red-purple, arrowhead-shaped w/2 lobes. Flowers yellowish, 0.9-1.4" long, lower lip 1/8th upper. turn reddish. INVASIVE. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Red/Orange Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 9

SCARLET PIMPERNEL (Anagallis arvensis) CALIFORNIA FIGWORT (Scrophularia VENUS THISTLE (Cirsium occidentale var. SEASIDE HELIOTROPE (Heliotropium Naturalized Annual - Myrsine Family - (Mar–May) californica) Native Perennial - Snapdragon Family venustum) Native Biennial - Sunflower Family - curassavicum var. oculatum) Native Perennial - - Common. Disturbed places, ocean beaches - - (Mar–Jul) - Common; damp places, chaparral, (May–Jul) - Disturbed areas, grassland, Borage Family - (Feb–Oct) - Moist to dry, saline Plants 2-16" tall. Flowers 0.2-0.3" long, salmon or roadsides - Stem 2.6-4' tall, square x-section. woodland - Plant 1.6-9.8' tall. Head bract cluster to alkaline soils, gen near water - Plant fleshy. occasionally blue. Leaves TOXIC, can cause Leaves opposite, to 7" long, triangular, toothed. 0.6-2" tall, 0.6-3" diam. Flowers gen bright Leaf 0.4-2.4 cm long. Flowers white w/ yellow dermititis. Flowers 0.3-0.5" long, upper lips red to maroon, red-pink to red, 0.9-1.4" long. center, 0.12-0.2" long. lower paler or yellowish.

VARIABLE-LEAF NEMOPHILA (Nemophila WHITE FIESTA FLOWER (Pholistoma FOOL'S ONION (Triteleia hyacinthina) Native POISON HEMLOCK (Conium maculatum) heterophylla) Native Annual - Borage Family - membranaceum) Native Annual - Borage Family - Perennial - Brodiaea Family - (Mar–Jul) - Naturalized Biennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - (Feb–Jun) - Common. Forest, chaparral, (Feb–May) - Beaches, bluffs, ravines, wooded Grassland, vernally wet meadows, occ drier Common. Moist, esp disturbed places - Plants roadsides, streambanks - Flower 0.1-0.4" long, slopes, desert washes - Stem 2-36" tall. Flowers slopes - Flowering stem 1-2' tall. Leaves 4-16", 2-10' tall. Stems purple-spotted. Leaves fern-like, unspotted, bract appendages < 0.04" long in fruit. gen 2-10, 0.12-0.24" long, < 0.4" wide, white, no 0.16-0.9" wide. Flower stalks 0.2-0.6" long. gen 2x divided. Flowers white. TOXIC. INVASIVE bractlets. Flowers white, 0.35-0.6" long. weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 10

CALIFORNIA MAN-ROOT (Marah fabacea) WHITE BUTTERFLY MARIPOSA LILY GOOSE GRASS (Galium aparine) Native Annual ALKAL-MALLOW (Malvella leprosa) Native Native Perennial - Gourd Family - (Feb–Apr) - (Calochortus venustus) Native Perennial - Lily - Madder Family - (Apr–Jun) - Grassy, ± shady Perennial - Mallow Family - (Apr–Nov) - Valleys, Streamsides, washes, shrubby open areas - Vine Family - (May–Jul) - Sandy (often granitic) soil in places - Stem 12-35" long, weak, brittle. Leaves gen saline - Stem 4-16" long. Leaf blade 04.-1.4" 6-20' long. Leaves moderately lobed. Flowers grassland, woodland, yellow-pine forest - Flowers 0.5-1.6" long, in whorls of 6-8. Flowers white, long, toothed, densely short-hairy. Petals cream or white, < 0.3" wide. Fruit spiny all over. white w/square yellow nectary; 2 red patches 4-lobed. Fruits covered w/short, hooked hairs. cream-white to yellow, 0.4-0.6" long. above. Petals 1.2-2" long.

COMMON HOREHOUND (Marrubium vulgare) CLIMBING MORNING-GLORY (Calystegia GOLDENTHREAD (Cuscuta pacifica var. HORNED SEA ROCKET (Cakile maritima) Naturalized Perennial - Mint Family - (Mar–Nov) - purpurata subsp. purpurata) Native Perennial - pacifica) Native Annual - Morning-glory Family - Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - (May–Nov) Disturbed sites, gen overgrazed pastures - Stem Morning-glory Family - (May–Jun) - Chaparral, (Jul–Oct) - Gen on Salicornia, Jaumea in coastal - Beach dunes - Plants low. Stem <= 32" long. 4-24" long. Leaf blades 0.6-2.2" long. Flower coastal scrub - Stem strongly climbing. Leaf salt marshes, tidal flats - Vine. Stem thread-like. Early leaves divided into long lobes; petals bract w/10 hook-tipped teeth. Flowers white, triangular, lobes strongly angled. Bractlets Flowers white, ~0.2" long. 0.1-0.3" wide, white to lavender. Fruit horned. ~0.2" long. INVASIVE. smooth, small, distant. INVASIVE weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 11

PERENNIAL PEPPERGRASS (Lepidium JIMSON WEED (Datura stramonium) Naturalized BLACK NIGHTSHADE (Solanum nigrum) WILD LICORICE (Glycyrrhiza lepidota) Native latifolium) Naturalized Perennial - Mustard Family Annual - Nightshade Family - (Jun–Aug) - Sandy Naturalized Annual - Nightshade Family - Perennial - Pea Family - (May–Jul) - In colonies, - (Jun–Sep) - Pastures, disturbed areas, fields, soils, open, often disturbed areas - Plants < 4' (Mar–Oct) - Disturbed places - Flower 0.4" wide moist, gen open, disturbed areas incl grassland, saline meadows, streambanks, tall. Flowers white or pale blue-purple, 2.5-3.5" w/deep lobes, white. Anthers 0.08" long. Seeds streambanks, roadsides, alkaline soils or not - sagebrush scrub, edge of marshes - Plant long; calyx 1.2-1.6" long. Cultivated. All parts very 0.08". Bracts 0.08-0.12" long, not curled back in Plant to 47" tall. Leaflets 9-19. Flowers whitish, 14-47". Petals white. NOXIOUS. TOXIC. fruit. 0.43-0.55". Fruit w/hooked prickles.

WHITE SWEETCLOVER (Melilotus albus) CALIFORNIA TEA (Rupertia physodes) Native BICOLOR LEPTOSIPHON (Leptosiphon bicolor) COMMON CHICKWEED (Stellaria media) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - Perennial - Pea Family - (May–Sep) - Woodland - Native Annual - Phlox Family - (Mar–Jun) - Naturalized Annual - Pink Family - (Feb–Sep) - (May–Sep) - Locally abundant. Pastures, open Stem ~1.6'. Leaflets 3, triangular to Common. Open, grassy areas, chaparral, Oak woodland, meadows, disturbed areas - Plant disturbed sites - Stem 1.6-6.6' long. Leaflets 3, lance-shaped, 1.4-2.8" long, sticky. Flower bracts woodland - Plant 0.8-8.3" tall, hairy. Flower lobes 2.8-20" tall. Stem w/line of hairs on 1 side. Sepals 0.4-1" long, toothed. Flowers white, 0.14-0.2" not hairy, lobes =. Flowers white or yellow, ~0.1" long, pink or white; tube red; stigma 0.12-0.18" long. Petals white, 2-lobed, 0.7-0.9x long. banner 0.4-0.55" long. <=0.02" long. sepals. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 12

ENGLISH PLANTAIN (Plantago lanceolata) CALIFORNIA SAXIFRAGE (Micranthes YARROW (Achillea millefolium) Native Perennial MAYWEED (Anthemis cotula) Naturalized Annual Naturalized Annual - Plantain Family - (Apr–Aug) californica) Native Perennial - Saxifrage Family - - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Sep) - Many habitats - - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Aug) - Common. - Common. Disturbed areas - Leaves basal, (Feb–May(Jun)) - Moist, shady places - Plant Plant 4"-7' tall. Stem white-hairy. Leaves finely Disturbed areas, fields, coastal dunes, chaparral, hairy, 2-10" long, <= 1" wide. Flowers + stem 6-14" tall. Leaves 1.6-4" long, at base, dissected. Flower cluster flat-topped. Flowers oak woodland - Leaves finely divided into 8-31" tall, flower cluster 0.8-3" long. INVASIVE, egg-shaped, >= 0.08" wide, toothed. Petals white to pink. Widely used in folk medicine. thread-like lobes. Flowers > 0.6" wide, many on lawn weed. white, 0.1-0.18" long. top of a well-branched stem.

MARSH BACCHARIS (Baccharis glutinosa) HORSEWEED (Erigeron canadensis) Naturalized SMALL-FLOWERED FIDDLENECK (Amsinckia FENNEL (Foeniculum vulgare) Naturalized Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Annual - Sunflower Family - (All year) - Disturbed menziesii) Native Annual - Borage Family - Perennial - Carrot Family - (May–Sep) - Coastal freshwater and saltwater marshes, places - Plant 8-79" tall. Gen 1 main stem (May–Jul) - Shade-tolerant, open, disturbed Roadsides, disturbed sites - Plants 3-6.5' tall, streambanks - Plant herbaceous, sticky, 3-6' tall. branching above. Disk flowers yellow; rays white areas at forest/woodland edges - Flowers yellow anise-scented. Stems waxy-blue, canelike. Leaf blades lance-shaped, < 5" long, 0.5-1.2" or pink, <= 0.04" long. Head bracts 0.12-0.16" to orange-yellow, generally spotted, 0.2-0.3" long, Flowers yellow. Leaf segments thread-like, edible wide. tall,0.08-0.12" wide. 0.1" wide. Leaves coarse-hairy. when young. INVASIVE weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 13

POISON SANICLE (Sanicula bipinnata) Native NEW ZEALAND SPINACH (Tetragonia CLIMBING BEDSTRAW (Galium porrigens var. ERECT-POD WINTER CRESS (Barbarea Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–May) - Open tetragonioides) Naturalized Annual - Fig-marigold porrigens) Native Perennial - Madder Family - orthoceras) Native Perennial - Mustard Family - grassland or pine/oak woodland - Plants 5-24" Family - (Apr–Sep) - Common. Sand dunes, (May–Aug) - Among shrubs in chaparral, forest - (Mar–Jul) - Meadows, streambanks, moist tall. Leaves 2x pinnate. Flowers yellow, male bluffs, margins of coastal wetlands - Stem Stem 4-59" long. Leaves 0.1-0.7" long, oval to woodland, grassland - Stem 8-24". Lower leaves flower stalk < fruit. Reported to be slightly TOXIC. crawling, 1'+. Flowers yellow, 1-3/cluster, 0.2" egg-shaped, in whorls of 4. Flowers yellow to red, w/large terminal lobe, upper clasping stem. wide. 4-lobed. Petals bright yellow, 0.2-0.3" long.

BLACK MUSTARD (Brassica nigra) Naturalized SHORTPOD MUSTARD (Hirschfeldia incana) HEDGE MUSTARD (Sisymbrium officinale) EASTER ROCKET (Sisymbrium orientale) Annual - Mustard Family - (Apr–Sep) - Common. Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Mustard Family - Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - (Apr–Sep) Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - (May–Jun) Disturbed areas, fields - Plant 1-6' tall. Petals (Apr–Oct) - Disturbed areas - Stem 16-60". - Disturbed areas, fields, pastures - Stem 10-22" - Disturbed areas, fields, roadsides - Stem 8-32" bright yellow, 0.3-0.4" long. Fruit upright, pressed Longest leaves 1.6-4" long, dense-hairy. Petals tall, thin, wiry. Petals 0.1-0.16" long, pale yellow. tall. Petals 0.28-0.35" long, light yellow. Fruit against stem. INVASIVE weed. pale yellow, ~0.2" long. Fruit appressed. Fruit 0.4-0.55" long, awl-shaped, appressed. 2.4-4" long, spreading, stalk same width as the Fall-blooming. INVASIVE. fruit. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 14

BERMUDA BUTTERCUP (Oxalis pes-caprae) BIRD'S-FOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus) CALIFORNIA BURCLOVER (Medicago SOURCLOVER (Melilotus indicus) Naturalized Naturalized Perennial - Oxalis Family - Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Jun–Sep) - polymorpha) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - (Apr–Oct) - Open, (Jan–May) - Disturbed areas, roadsides, Open, disturbed areas - Leaflets 5, 0.16-0.9" (Mar–Jul) - Common. Chaparral, oak woodland, disturbed areas - Stem 4-24" long. Leaflets 3, grassland, dunes - Flowering stem < 12" tall. long. Flower cluster 3-7 flowered on0.6-4.7" stalk. streambanks, roadsides, disturbed areas - Stem 0.4-1" long. Flowers yellow, ~0.1" long. Leaflets in 3s, < 1.4" long. Petals yellow, < 1" Flowers bright yellow, 0.4-0.55" long, banner 4-20". Flower yellow, 0.14-0.24" long. Spiny spiral long. Ornamental. INVASIVE weed. often reddish. fruits. INVASIVE.

SHARP POINT FLUVELLIN (Kickxia elatine) YELLOW STAR-THISTLE (Centaurea solstitialis) FITCH SPIKEWEED ( fitchii) Native COMMON SPIKEWEED (Centromadia pungens Naturalized Annual - Plantain Family - (Apr–Oct) - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Perennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Nov) - subsp. pungens) Native Annual - Sunflower Disturbed, open places - Plant low, sticky-hairy. (May–Oct) - Invasive, roadsides, disturbed Grassland, ± alkaline flats, vernal pools, Family - (Apr–Nov) - Grassland, saltbush scrub, Some or all leaves arrow-shaped. Flowers yellow grassland or woodland - Plant 4-39" tall. Leaves woodland, disturbed sites, serpentine - Plant disturbed sites - Spiny. Leaves smooth or rough or blue, with violet upper lip; 0.3-0.6" long. woolly, extend down the stem. Flower bract 2-20" tall. Leaves below flowers spiny, sticky. to the touch. spines 0.4-1" long. NOXIOUS weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 15

BRASS-BUTTONS (Cotula coronopifolia) STINKWORT (Dittrichia graveolens) Naturalized WESTERN GOLDENROD (Euthamia ROSILLA (Helenium puberulum) Native Biennial - Naturalized Perennial - Sunflower Family - Annual - Sunflower Family - (Sep–Nov) - occidentalis) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family Sunflower Family - (Jun–Aug) - Streambanks, (Mar–Dec) - Common. Saline and freshwater Disturbed areas - Plant 8-24" tall, - (Jul–Nov) - Marshes, streambanks, meadows - seepage areas, lake margins - Plant 20-63". marshes, mud flats - Plant 2-16"+ tall, smooth, ± camphor-scented, glandular. Flowers yellow. Stem < 6.6', smooth. Leaves < 4" long, <= 0.24" Flower head spherical, disk flowers ~0.1" long, fleshy. Leaves linear to lance-shaped w/linear Flower-head bracts Aster-like. Fall bloomer. wide, w/dark glandular pits. Flowers yellow, rays yellow on sides, brown-purple on top; rays teeth or lobes. INVASIVE. INVASIVE weed. 0.06-0.1" long. 0.15-0.4" long, point down.

BRISTLY OX-TONGUE (Helminthotheca TELEGRAPH WEED (Heterotheca grandiflora) FLESHY JAUMEA (Jaumea carnosa) Native PINEAPPLE WEED (Matricaria discoidea) echioides) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jun–Oct(± all Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Dec) - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Sunflower Family - (All year) - Common. year)) - Disturbed areas, dry streambeds, sand Coastal salt marshes, bases of sea cliffs - Stem (Feb–Aug) - Abundant. Disturbed sites, Disturbed areas - Stem 1-6.5' tall, bristly. Leaf dunes - Plant 0.3-8' tall, bristly, sticky, branched trailing. Leaf gen 0.6-2" long, fleshy. Flower head riverbanks - Plant 4-12" tall, sweet-scented. 2-8" long, covered with prickly bumps. Flower above. Leaf 0.8-2.8" long, lower clasp stem. Rays yellow, 0.5-0.8" long; rays 0.4-0.2" long, disks ~ Heads pineapple-shaped, ~ 0.4" wide; head stalk heads 0.8-1.6" wide. INVASIVE weed. 25-40, 0.2-0.3" long. 0.25" long. Aromatic. to 0.6" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 16

COMMON GROUNDSEL (Senecio vulgaris) PRICKLY SOW THISTLE (Sonchus asper subsp. COMMON SOW THISTLE (Sonchus oleraceus) JOHNNY-JUMP-UP (Viola pedunculata) Native Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - asper) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - (All year) Perennial - Violet Family - (Feb–Apr) - Open, (Feb–Jul) - Common. Disturbed areas - Plant (All year) - Common. Slightly moist disturbed - Abundant. Disturbed places - Plant 4-55" tall. grassy slopes, hillsides, chaparral, oak woodland, 4-24" tall, not hairy, w/1-10+ stems. Flower head sites, along streams - Plant 4-48". Leaf teeth Leaf teeth soft to touch. Basal lobes of upper gen full sun - Plant 2-15" tall. No basal leaves. bracts with black-tips. Milky sap. prickly. Basal lobes of upper leaves rounded, leaves sharply pointed, straight to curving Petals gold-yellow, lower 3 brown-veined, upper curving downward. upward. 2 red-brown on back.

BLACK SAGE (Salvia mellifera) Native Perennial BLUE WITCH (Solanum umbelliferum) Native COAST LIVE OAK (Quercus agrifolia var. BLUE OAK (Quercus douglasii) Native Perennial - Mint Family - (Mar–Jun) - Coastal-sage scrub, Perennial - Nightshade Family - (All year) - agrifolia) Native Perennial - Oak Family - - Oak Family - (Apr–May) - Dry slopes, interior lower chaparral - Shrub 3.3-6' tall. Leaf 1-2.8" Shrubland, mixed-evergreen forest, woodland - (Mar–Apr) - Valleys, slopes, mixed-evergreen foothills, woodland - Tree 20-66', deciduous. Bark long, toothed, hairy underneath. Flowers blue, Plant gen < 39", upper stem hairs branched, forest, woodland - Tree 30-80'. Leaves convex, checkered into scales. Leaves 1.2-2.4" long, white or lavender, tube 0.2-0.4" long, in clusters dense. Flowers 0.6-1" wide, purple, with green hair-tuft below in vein axils. Acorns on 1st year bluish green, unlobed to shallowly lobed, lacking 0.6-1.6" wide. spots at the base. twigs, shell glabrous inside. bristles. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 17

MONTEREY PINE (Pinus radiata) Native WESTERN POISON OAK (Toxicodendron CALIFORNIA SAGEBRUSH (Artemisia BLUE GUM (Eucalyptus globulus) Naturalized Perennial - Pine Family - - - Closed-cone-pine diversilobum) Native Perennial - Sumac Family - californica) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Perennial - Myrtle Family - (Oct–Jan) - Common. forest, oak woodland - Tree < 125' tall. Mature (Apr–Jun) - Canyons, slopes, chaparral, coastal (Aug–Nov) - Coastal scrub, chaparral, open Disturbed areas - Tree < 200' tall. Flowers single, bark black, deep-grooved. Needles 3 per bundle, scrub, oak woodland - Shrub or vine. Leaflets 3, woodland - Shrub 2-8.5' tall, rounded. Leaves large, gen stemless. Leaves 4-12" long, 1-1.6" 2.4-5.9" long. Seed cone 2.4-6" long, asymmetric, red in fall, mid leaflet stalked. Flowers green. 0.4-4", hairy, thread-like, lt green to gray. Flower wide; used medicinally by Aboriginals. INVASIVE opening 2nd year. Fruits white. TOXIC. heads < 5 mm wide. Sage-scented. weed.

CHRISTMAS BERRY / TOYON (Heteromeles PEPPER TREE (Schinus molle) Naturalized COYOTE BRUSH (Baccharis pilularis subsp. MULE FAT (Baccharis salicifolia subsp. arbutifolia) Native Perennial - Rose Family - Perennial - Sumac Family - (Jun–Aug) - Washes, consanguinea) Native Perennial - Sunflower salicifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - ((May)Jun–Aug) - Chaparral, oak woodland, slopes, abandoned fields - Tree 16-60' tall. Family - (Jul–Dec) - Coastal bluffs, woodland, (All year) - Riparian woodland, canyon bottoms, mixed-evergreen forest - Shrub-tree < 33' tall, Flowers white to yellow. Leaves compound, grassland, disturbed sites, occ on serpentine - disturbed sites, often forming thickets - Shrub < evergreen. Leaf 2-4" long. Petals white, < 0.16" leaflets stemless. Fruits pink to red, 0.2-0.3" Shrub < 15' tall, brittle, common. Leaves gen 13' tall, often sticky. Leaves to 6" long, with 1-3 long. Fruit bright red. diam. 0.6-1.6" long. main veins. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Yellow Wild Plants of Hayward Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 18

HOLLYLEAF REDBERRY (Rhamnus ilicifolia) TREE TOBACCO (Nicotiana glauca) Naturalized BLACKWOOD ACACIA (Acacia melanoxylon) BIRCH-LEAF MOUNTAIN-MAHOGANY Native Perennial - Buckthorn Family - (Mar–Jun) - Perennial - Nightshade Family - (Apr–Aug) - Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Feb-Mar) - (Cercocarpus betuloides var. betuloides) Native Chaparral, montane forest - Shrub < 13' tall, Open, disturbed flats or slopes - Shrub or small Uncommon. Disturbed areas - Tree < 100' tall. Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–May) - Dry, rocky evergreen w/stiff branches. Leaf blades 0.8-1.6" tree, waxy-blue. Leaves 2-8" long. Flowers Leaves simple, 0.2-1.2" wide, 3-5 main veins. slopes, chaparral - Shrub 3-10'. Leaf 0.4-1" long, long, toothed. Fruits 0.2-0.3" wide, red. yellow, 1.2-1.4" long. INVASIVE. TOXIC to Flowers pale yellow, 2-8 per head. INVASIVE end toothed. Flower 0.16-0.3" wide. Hairy fruit livestock. weed. styles 2-3.5" long.

MARSH GUMPLANT (Grindelia stricta var. ARROYO WILLOW (Salix lasiolepis) Native angustifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family Perennial - Willow Family - (Jan–Jun) - Common. - (May–Dec) - Tidal wetlands - Plant 3.3-6.6' tall, Shores, marshes, meadows, etc - Shrub-tree, woody base, evergreen. Leaves 0.4-6" long, bark smooth. Leaf-like stipules. Leaf egg-shaped, fleshy, not resinous. Flower rays yellow, 16-56, waxy below. Fruit smooth, bract persistent, dark, 0.5-0.7" long. stamens 2. Notes:

Decimal Inches

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9

1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches

Notes: