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Volcanic Evolution of the Southern Quinn Canyon Range: Implications for Regional Correlation of Volcanic Units

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Volcanic Evolution of the Southern Quinn Canyon Range: Implications for Regional Correlation of Volcanic Units UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 12-1-2012 Volcanic Evolution Of The Southern Quinn Canyon Range: Implications For Regional Correlation Of Volcanic Units Christina Emery University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Geochemistry Commons, Geology Commons, and the Volcanology Commons Repository Citation Emery, Christina, "Volcanic Evolution Of The Southern Quinn Canyon Range: Implications For Regional Correlation Of Volcanic Units" (2012). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/4332713 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VOLCANIC EVOLUTION OF THE SOUTHERN QUINN CANYON RANGE: IMPLICATIONS FOR REGIONAL CORRELATION OF VOLCANIC UNITS By Christina Ann Emery Bachelor of Science in Geology University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 2005 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science in Geoscience Department of Geoscience College of Science The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas December 2012 THE GRADUATE COLLEGE We recommend the thesis prepared under our supervision by Christina Emery entitled Volcanic Evolution of the Southern Quinn Canyon Range: Implications for Regional Correlation of Volcanic Units be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geoscience Department of Geoscience Eugene I. Smith, Ph.D., Committee Chair Terry L. Spell, Ph.D., Committee Member Wanda T. Taylor, Ph.D., Committee Member Chih-Hsiang Ho, Ph.D., Graduate College Representative Tom Piechota, Ph.D., Interim Vice President for Research & Dean of the Graduate College December 2012 ii ABSTRACT Volcanic Evolution Of The Southern Quinn Canyon Range: Implications For Regional Correlation Of Volcanic Units By Christina Emery Dr. Eugene Smith, Committee Chair Professor of Geoscience University of Nevada, Las Vegas The southern Quinn Canyon Range lies in an area of the Great Basin subjected to large-volume Oligocene-Miocene silicic volcanism and smaller volume basaltic volcanism during the Pliocene. Three major ash-flow tuff units were correlated in the southern Quinn Canyon Range (the Pahranagat Tuff, Clifford Spring Tuff, and the Cow Canyon Tuff) with regional units by utilizing U/Pb and 40 Ar/ 39Ar geochronology, geochemical correlation, and field mapping. Isotopic analysis suggests that basalt in the southern Quinn Canyon Range is part of the Death Valley-Pancake Range Basalt Zone and is similar to Reveille Range Episode 1 and 2 basalts. Further comparison of geochemical data from samples within the Death Valley-Pancake Range Basalt Zone show isotopic differences between the northern and southern end of the Death Valley- Pancake Range Basalt Zone with the northern end having an asthenospheric derived signature. Depth of melting calculations of basalt samples also suggest an asthenospheric source. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am most grateful for my advisor Dr. Eugene Smith for seeing my potential and taking me as a student and for his patience, encouragement, and guidance. I would like to thank my advising committee including: Dr. Wanda Taylor, Dr. Terry Spell, and Dr. Chih-Hsiang Ho for their support and suggestions. I would also like to thank Dr. Mike Nicholl for his advisement and support for entering the graduate program. I am indebted to Keith Cooper for his assistance in the field but most of all his never ending support on my journey. My family and friends for their support, and lastly, I would like to acknowledge the individuals that aided in analysis work including: Dr. Denise Honn, Dr. Axel Schmitt, Dr. Al Dieno, and Racheal Johnsen. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS APPROVAL PAGE ......................................................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. v LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................... 5 Regional Geology ...................................................................................................................... 5 Ash-flow Tuff Stratigraphy ....................................................................................................... 5 Kawich Range and Pahranagat Formation ................................................................................ 6 Reveille Range .......................................................................................................................... 7 Quinn Canyon Range ................................................................................................................ 8 Basalt Volcanism ....................................................................................................................... 9 Mining in the Southern Quinn Canyon Range ........................................................................ 10 CHAPTER 3 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGY ................................ 13 Major, Trace, and Rare-Earth Geochemistry........................................................................... 13 Isotope Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 13 Petrographic Analysis .............................................................................................................. 14 40 Ar/ 39Ar Geochronology ....................................................................................................... 14 U/Pb geochronology ................................................................................................................ 15 Depth of Melting ..................................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER 4 GEOCHEMICAL DATA RESULTS .................................................................. 18 Basalts ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Andesites ................................................................................................................................. 18 Dacites ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Rhyolites .................................................................................................................................. 19 CHAPTER 5 GEOCHRONOLOGY RESULTS ....................................................................... 23 CHAPTER 6 MIOCENE STRATIGRAPHY AND CORRELATION TO REGIONAL UNITS ............................................................................................................................. 25 v Pahranagat Tuff ....................................................................................................................... 26 Younger Pahranagat Tuff ........................................................................................................ 27 Cow Canyon Tuff .................................................................................................................... 28 Clifford Spring Tuff ................................................................................................................ 29 CHAPTER 7 MAFIC COMPOSITIONAL COMPARISON .................................................... 37 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 39 CHAPTER 8 DEPTH OF MELTING ....................................................................................... 44 CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................. 48 APPENDIX A SIMS U/Pb Zircon Analysis Results ................................................................... 49 APPENDIX B 40Ar/39Ar Sanidine Analysis Results .................................................................... 53 APPENDIX C Southern Quinn Canyon
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