List of Marine Fishes of the Arctic Region Annotated with Common Names and Zoogeographic Characterizations November 2013 . Photo: Shawn Harper, University of Alaska Fairbanks of Alaska University Harper, Shawn . Photo: Boreogadus saida Polar cod, cod, Polar Acknowledgements CAFF Designated Agencies: • Directorate for Nature Management, Trondheim, Norway • Environment Canada, Ottawa, Canada • Faroese Museum of Natural History, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands (Kingdom of Denmark) • Finnish Ministry of the Environment, Helsinki, Finland • Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Reykjavik, Iceland • The Ministry of Domestic Housing, Nature and Environment, Government of Greenland • Russian Federation Ministry of Natural Resources, Moscow, Russia • Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden • United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska CAFF Permanent Participant Organisations: • Aleut International Association (AIA) • Arctic Athabaskan Council (AAC) • Gwich’in Council International (GCI) • Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC) • Russian Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON) • Saami Council This publication should be cited as: Mecklenburg, C.W., I. Byrkjedal, J.S. Christiansen, O.V. Karamushko, A. Lynghammar and P. R. Møller. 2013. List of marine fishes of the arctic region annotated with common names and zoogeographic characterizations. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri, Iceland. Front cover photo: Polar cod, Boreogadus saida: Shawn Harper, University of Alaska Fairbanks Layout, photographs and editing: the authors For more information please contact: CAFF International Secretariat Borgir, Nordurslod 600 Akureyri, Iceland Phone: +354 462-3350 Fax: +354 462-3390 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.caff.is ___ CAFF Designated Area Arctic Marine Fish List, 11 November 2013 List of Marine Fishes of the Arctic Region Annotated with Common Names and Zoogeographic Characterizations By: Catherine W. Mecklenburg, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA; and Point Stephens Research, Auke Bay, Alaska, USA; [email protected] Ingvar Byrkjedal, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Jørgen S. Christiansen, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway Oleg V. Karamushko, Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Murmansk, Russia Arve Lynghammar, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway Peter R. Møller, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Gymnocanthus tricuspis Enophrys lucasi Limanda proboscidea November 11, 2013 Hypsagonus quadricornis 1 Arctic Marine Fish List, 11 November 2013 Introduction A recent review of historical and new records of Assessment (Christiansen et al. 2013), resulting in species presence produced an annotated list of the a smaller number of listed species. However, it marine and diadromous fishes occurring in the encompasses all the sentinel and desirable fish arctic region (Mecklenburg et al. 2010). Consider- monitoring stations identified in the CBMP’s able new taxonomic and distributional information Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Plan (Gill has already accumulated since that review went to et al. 2011:57). The listed marine species are, press (June 2010). In addition to bringing the therefore, the subjects of the CBMP’s Marine Fish scientific names list up to date with new or re- Expert Network (MFEN). moved species and various nomenclatural changes, Common names, or vernaculars, for all the in this edition we have provided the most common marine fishes in the region were previously not or officially recommended English, French, Nor- available in any one published list. In the present wegian, and Russian vernaculars. Zoogeographic list (Table 1), with few exceptions the English characterizations (e.g., arctic, arctic-boreal, boreal) names for North American fishes occurring at con- from the earlier review (Mecklenburg et al. 2010) tinental shelf depths are from the official list of the are also included, with a few additions following American Fisheries Society and American Society the same definitions. of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (Page et al. The listed species have all been found, at least 2013). Although that work capitalizes the common once, in the area defined as the arctic region in the names, we follow prevailing usage in other coun- recent review (Figure 1). The arctic region was tries and only capitalize proper noun references defined faunistically. Its southern boundaries such as in Adolf’s eelpout, Norway pout, and reflect the southern limit of most arctic-adapted Atlantic poacher. Individually authored family fish species’ distributions. In the Pacific Ocean, chapters in the classic treatise on northeastern for instance, they do not generally occur south of a Atlantic fishes (Whitehead et al. 1984–1986) line extending from the Russian coast just north of provided most of the English names for deepwater Cape Navarin and curving southward toward St. species; sources also included the recent Green- Matthew Island, and then northward to Alaska’s land checklist (Møller et al. 2010) and original Yukon Delta. The boundary generally reflects the descriptions of the species. The French names are position of the Polar Front, north of which en- from lists and guides to Canadian Arctic and vironmental conditions are optimal for arctic western Atlantic fishes (McAllister 1990, Coad species. In the Atlantic side of the arctic region the and Reist 2004, Nozéres et al. 2010), as well as the boundary is more complex and defined as well by AFS–ASIH list. The Norwegian names are mostly seafloor topography such as sills and ridges or from Pethon (2005) and the species nomenclature other conditions believed to restrict movement of database of the Norwegian Biodiversity Informa- species. Other arctic region definitions are in use tion Centre (Artsnavnebase 2013). A few new which cover a larger area, but they also encompass Norwegian and Russian names were invented for warmer waters and, consequently, large numbers the atlas of Barents Sea fishes (Wienerroither et al. of subarctic or boreal species that have not entered 2011). Russian names are mainly from the Fishes truly arctic waters. If those species are discovered of the Northern Seas of the USSR (Andriashev in the arctic region, they will become subjects of 1954), the five-language dictionary of animal great interest as possible reflections of climate names (Reshetnikov et al. 1989), and the catalog change. This faunistic definition circumscribes a of Kamchatka fishes (Sheiko and Fedorov 2000). somewhat smaller total area than, for instance, the The Russian names are given in cyrillic and trans- definition used in the recent Arctic Biodiversity literated to the Latin alphabet. 2 Arctic Marine Fish List, 11 November 2013 Names in the non-English languages are pro- the arctic region; 14.5% (32) are arctic–boreal, vided if relevant and, preferably, the names are reproducing and common in both regions; 25.8% known and used locally. Some species do not have (57) occur solely or mainly in the arctic region; common names and these mostly are rare species, and 6.3% (14) are widely distributed, occurring in some known only from one record. the warm waters of two or more oceans or the This list includes 221 marine species. The southern hemisphere and only rarely in the arctic number will change as more species enter the region. arctic region and as further study shows some Although improved and expanded since the species to be the same as other species (synony- earlier list (Mecklenburg et al. 2010), the present mous with them, in the taxonomic jargon) and yet list (Table 1) remains essentially a draft. The others to include more than one species (so-called continuing evolution of the list would perhaps species complexes). Of the current total, 92.8% pertain for any large-region faunal inventory but (205) are ray-finned fishes (actinopterygians) such for fishes is especially a consequence for the arctic as cods, sculpins, eelpouts, and flatfishes. The region, where the fish fauna is relatively poorly remainder, 7.2% (16), are cartilaginous fishes known and has only in recent years become a (chondrichthyans), namely sharks and skates, and focus of extensive sampling and analysis. The a hagfish (a jawless fish, or agnathan). Overall, present collaborators and the MFEN intend to 53.4% (118) have boreal or mainly boreal distri- revise the list from time to time as new discoveries bution patterns, with relatively small presence in and improved information accumulate. Figure 1. Arctic marine ichthyofaunal region (Mecklenburg et al. 2010). 3 Arctic Marine Fish List, 11 November 2013 Table 1. Marine fishes of the arctic region Family numbers, placing the families in phylogenetic sequence, are from the classification of fishes of the world by Nelson (2006). Species are listed alphabetically by family or subfamily. Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) 001 MYXINIDAE (hagfishes) MYXININAE Myxine glutinosa Linnaeus, 1758 — Boreal Atlantic English name: Atlantic hagfish French name: myxine du nord Norwegian name: slimål Russian name: атлантическая миксина Russian name: (atlanticheskaya miksina) Order Lamniformes (mackerel sharks) 021 CETORHINIDAE (basking sharks) Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765) — Widely distributed English name: basking shark French name: pèlerin Norwegian name: brugde Russian name: гигантская акула Russian name: (gigantskaya akula) 022 LAMNIDAE (mackerel sharks) Lamna ditropis Hubbs & Follett, 1947 — Boreal Pacific English name: salmon shark Russian name: тихоокеанская сельдевая акула Russian name: (tikhookeanskaya seldevaya akula) Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788) — Boreal Atlantic English name: porbeagle French name: maraîche – Nozéres et al.