Meenakshi Amman Temple
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The Un/Selfish Leader Changing Notions in a Tamil Nadu Village
The un/selfish leader Changing notions in a Tamil Nadu village Björn Alm The un/selfish leader Changing notions in a Tamil Nadu village Doctoral dissertation Department of Social Anthropology Stockholm University S 106 91 Stockholm Sweden © Björn Alm, 2006 Department for Religion and Culture Linköping University S 581 83 Linköping Sweden This book, or parts thereof, may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the author. ISBN 91-7155-239-1 Printed by Edita Sverige AB, Stockholm, 2006 Contents Preface iv Note on transliteration and names v Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Structure of the study 4 Not a village study 9 South Indian studies 9 Strength and weakness 11 Doing fieldwork in Tamil Nadu 13 Chapter 2 The village of Ekkaraiyur 19 The Dindigul valley 19 Ekkaraiyur and its neighbours 21 A multi-linguistic scene 25 A religious landscape 28 Aspects of caste 33 Caste territories and panchayats 35 A village caste system? 36 To be a villager 43 Chapter 3 Remodelled local relationships 48 Tanisamy’s model of local change 49 Mirasdars and the great houses 50 The tenants’ revolt 54 Why Brahmans and Kallars? 60 New forms of tenancy 67 New forms of agricultural labour 72 Land and leadership 84 Chapter 4 New modes of leadership 91 The parliamentary system 93 The panchayat system 94 Party affiliation of local leaders 95 i CONTENTS Party politics in Ekkaraiyur 96 The paradox of party politics 101 Conceptualising the state 105 The development state 108 The development block 110 Panchayats and the development block 111 Janus-faced leaders? 119 -
Bhoga-Bhaagya-Yogyata Lakshmi
BHOGA-BHAAGYA-YOGYATA LAKSHMI ( FULFILLMENT AS ONE DESERVES) Edited, compiled, and translated by VDN Rao, Retd. General Manager, India Trade Promotion Organization, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, currently at Chennai 1 Other Scripts by the same Author: Essence of Puranas:-Maha Bhagavata, Vishnu Purana, Matsya Purana, Varaha Purana, Kurma Purana, Vamana Purana, Narada Purana, Padma Purana; Shiva Purana, Linga Purana, Skanda Purana, Markandeya Purana, Devi Bhagavata;Brahma Purana, Brahma Vaivarta Purana, Agni Purana, Bhavishya Purana, Nilamata Purana; Shri Kamakshi Vilasa Dwadasha Divya Sahasranaama: a) Devi Chaturvidha Sahasra naama: Lakshmi, Lalitha, Saraswati, Gayatri; b) Chaturvidha Shiva Sahasra naama-Linga-Shiva-Brahma Puranas and Maha Bhagavata; c) Trividha Vishnu and Yugala Radha-Krishna Sahasra naama-Padma-Skanda-Maha Bharata and Narada Purana. Stotra Kavacha- A Shield of Prayers Purana Saaraamsha; Select Stories from Puranas Essence of Dharma Sindhu Essence of Shiva Sahasra Lingarchana Essence of Paraashara Smtiti Essence of Pradhana Tirtha Mahima Dharma Bindu Essence of Upanishads : Brihadaranyaka , Katha, Tittiriya, Isha, Svetashwara of Yajur Veda- Chhandogya and Kena of Saama Veda-Atreya and Kausheetaki of Rig Veda-Mundaka, Mandukya and Prashna of Atharva Veda ; Also ‘Upanishad Saaraamsa’ (Quintessence of Upanishads) Essence of Virat Parva of Maha Bharata Essence of Bharat Yatra Smriti Essence of Brahma Sutras Essence of Sankhya Parijnaana- Also Essence of Knowledge of Numbers Essence of Narada Charitra; Essence Neeti Chandrika-Essence of Hindu Festivals and Austerities- Essence of Manu Smriti*- Quintessence of Manu Smriti* - *Essence of Pratyaksha Bhaskara- Essence of Maha Narayanopanishad*-Essence of Vidya-Vigjnaana-Vaak Devi* Note: All the above Scriptures already released on www. -
Temple and Songs Links
TEMPLE AND SONGS LINKS This is a modest attempt to explore the famous temples of India and post songs composed in praise of each of them culled out form many sites . I've never come across a site that provides such information. Of course, there are close to 30000 temples in Tamil Nadu alone and it would take a long time to even cover 1% of these but it never hurts to start! I hope this information will be useful to carnatic music lovers of our group . I for one is a buffllo when it comes to carantic music ragas . but documented information is power hence this documentation . Meenakshi Sundareshwarar Temple (Madurai) The Meenakshi Amman Temple at Madurai is one of the most famous temples in South India as this is where, according to Hindu legends, Lord Shiva appeared on Earth in the form of Sundareshwarar to marry Pandya King Malayadwaja Pandya's daughter, Meenakshi (believed to be an incarnation of Hindu Goddess Parvati). A detailed article on this divine marriage can be found here http://templenet.com/Tamilnadu/Madurai/legend3.html. As mentioned in the article, the legend of Meenakshi Kalyanam brings together four of the six main streams in popular Hinduism - Shaiva, Shaktha, Vaishnava, and Skanda faiths. Before describing this beautiful temple in detail, I' d like to share a recording of a wonderful song composed by Sri Papanasam Sivan, in praise of the Goddess Meenakshi at Madurai. The song is 'Devi Neeye', rendered by the late M.S.Subbulakshmi. According to legend, Lord Sundareshwara (as Sundara Pandya) and his consort Goddess Meenakshi ruled over Madurai for a long period of time. -
University of Oklahoma Graduate College Is
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE IS GANGAIKONDA CHOLAPURAM BUILT BASED ON VAASTU SASTRA? A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE By Ramya Palani Norman, Oklahoma 2019 IS GANGAIKONDA CHOLAPURAM BUILT BASED ON VAASTU SASTRA? A THESIS APPROVED FOR THE CHRISTOPHER C. GIBBS COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE BY THE COMMITTEE CONSISTING OF Callahan, Marjorie P., Chair Warnken, Charles G. Fithian, Lee A. ©Copyright by RAMYA PALANI 2019 All Rights Reserved. iv Abstract The Cholas (848 CE – 1279 CE) established an imperial line and united a large portion of what is now South India under their rule. The Cholas, known worldwide for their bronze sculptures, world heritage temples and land reforms, were also able builders. They followed a traditional systematic approach called Vaastu Sastra in building their cities, towns, and villages. In an attempt to discover and reconstruct Gangaikonda Cholapuram, an administrative capital (metropolis) of the Chola Dynasty, evidence is collected from the fragments of living inscriptions, epigraphs, archaeological excavation, secondary sources, and other sources pertinent to Vaastu Sastra. The research combines archival research methodology, archaeological documentation and informal architectural survey. The consolidation, analysis, and manipulation of data helps to uncover the urban infrastructure of Gangaikonda Cholapuram city. Keywords: Chola, Cola, South India, Vaastu Shastra, Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Medieval period, -
A Thesis Submitted for the Award of the Ph.D. Degree of UNIVERSITY of KOTA in the Faculty of Arts by TANU RAJPAL Under the Supe
MYTHOLOGICAL AND FOLK ELEMENTS: A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE SELECTED NOVELS OF RAJA RAO AND R.K.NARAYAN A Thesis Submitted for the Award of the Ph.D. degree of UNIVERSITY OF KOTA in the Faculty of Arts By TANU RAJPAL Under the supervision of Dr. (Mrs.) Jatinder Kohli Department of English Government College Kota, Kota. UNIVERSITY OF KOTA, KOTA 2017 (i) Dedicated to my Father & Mother, For their ceaseless Love and Inspiration. (ii) DECLARATION I, Ms. Tanu Rajpal D/o Sh. Anil Rajpal resident of Vigyan Nagar, Kota, hereby, declare that the research work incorporated in the present thesis entitled Mythological and Folk Elements: A Critical Study of Selected Novels of Raja Rao and R. K. Narayan is my own work and is original. This work (in part or in full) has not been submitted to any University for the award of a Degree or a Diploma. I have properly acknowledged the material collected from secondary sources wherever required. I solely own the responsibility for the originality of the entire content. Date: Signature of the Candidate Place: Kota (iii) SUPERVISOR'S CERTIFICATE I feel great pleasure in certifying that the thesis entitled Mythological and Folk Elements: A Critical Study of Selected Novels of Raja Rao and R. K. Narayan embodies a record of the results of investigations carried out by Ms Tanu Rajpal for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English, Govt. College, Kota, Kota (Rajasthan) under my guidance. I am satisfied with the analysis of data, interpretation of results and the conclusions drawn. It is an original piece of research carried out by the candidate under my supervision. -
Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department
HINDU RELIGIOUS AND CHARITABLE ENDOWMENTS DEPARTMENT CITIZENS' CHARTER - 2007- 08 The following information is furnished hereunder to enable the public to be aware of various activities of the Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Department and the administration of the temples under its control. 1. ADVISORY COMMITTEE A State Level Advisory Committee has been provided in the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act, 1959 to advise and guide the Government and the Commissioner. Accordingly, the State Level Advisory Committee has been constituted vide G.O. Ms. No. 279 TDC&RE Department dated 19.9.2006 with the following members:- S.No. Name 1. Hon’ble Chief Minister Chairman/Ex. Officio 2. Hon’ble Minister for Hindu Religious Vice Chairman, Endowment and Charitable Ex. Officio Endowments 3. Secretary to Government, Member, Ex. Officio Tamil Development, Religious Endowments and Information Department 2 4. Commissioner, Hindu Religious and Member – Secretary, Charitable Endowments Department Ex-Oficio 5. His Holiness Kundrakudi Adigalar, Non Official member Kundrakudi. 6. His Holiness Thiruppananthal Non Official member Madadhipathy Thavathiru Muthukumaraswamy Thambiran, Thiruppananthal. 7. His Holiness Thiruvavaduthurai Non Official member Adheenakarthar, Thiruvavaduthurai. 8. His Holiness Srimath Andavan Non Official member Swamigal, Thiruvarangam. 9. His Holiness Santhalinga Non Official member Ramaswamy Adigalar, Perur. 10. Thirumathi Soundram Kailasam, Non Official member Chennai. 11. Thirumathi A.S.Ponnammal, Non Official member Ex. M.L.A., 12. Thiru Karumuthu Kannan, Madurai. Non Official member 13. Thiru S.V. Balasubramaniam, Non Official member Bannariamman Sugar Mills Ltd. 14. Representative of His Holiness Special invitee Dharmapuram Adheenakarthar. 3 2. APPOINTMENT OF TRUSTEES Persons who do not suffer the disqualifications listed in Section 26 of the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act 1959, are eligible to be appointed as non-hereditary trustees. -
Ashtottara Shata Mala a Garland of 108 Names in Praise of Sri
Ashtottara Shata Mala Salutations to One who is the embodiment of the nine A Garland of 108 names in praise of Sri Karunamayi forms of Durga Devi. 22. Om Brahmādi Sakala Devatā Pūjitāyai Namah 1. Om Karunārasa Pūrnāyai Namah Salutations to One whom all the Gods and Goddesses, Salutations to One whose heart is full of the essence of including Brahma Himself, pray to and worship. divine mercy. 23. Om Samsārabandha Vicchedinyai Namah 2. Om Parama Krpāvatyai Namah Salutations to One who removes the mortal bondage of Salutations to One who forever bestows divine kindness. this temporary existence. 3. Om Kaivalya Dāyinyai Namah 24.Om Vishwa Vyāpinyai Namah Salutations to One who confers upon devotees the Salutations to One who pervades the entire universe. invaluable state of liberation or moksha. 25. Om Ganesha Kumāra Jananyai Namah 4. Om Kamala Vāsinyai Namah Salutations to One who is the Divine Mother of Lord Salutations to the One who lives in the divine lotus Ganesha and Lord Skanda. flowers. 26. Om Sādhu Rakshana Dikshā Dhārinyai Namah 5. Om Parātparāyai Namah Salutations to One who has taken the vow to protect the Salutations to the ultimate Goddess. good and the meek. 6. Om Pāvana Jananyai Namah 27. Om Sarva Mata Rūpinyai Namah Salutations to One who is the purifying Divine Mother. Salutations to One who is the embodiment of all 7. Om Vedātita Rūpinyai Namah religions. Salutations to One whose form is beyond the Vedas 28. Om Sri Cakra Trikona Nilayāyai Namah which are divine scriptures. Salutations to One who dwells in the innermost triangle 8. -
History of Big Temple, Thanjavur and Its Consecration – a Study
Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology Issn No : 1006-7930 HISTORY OF BIG TEMPLE, THANJAVUR AND ITS CONSECRATION – A STUDY Dr. S. PRABAKARAN, Assistant Professor & Head of History, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi – 613 503.Thanjavur. Brahadeeswara Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is located in Thanjavur. It is also known as Periya Kovil (Big Temple) RajaRajewara Temple and Rajarajeswaram. In Tamil, the temple is called as “Peruvudaiyar Kovil”. It is one of the largest temples in India. This temple is an example of Hindu Architecture from South India from the Chola period. The Temple turned 1000 years old in 2010. The Temple is also called as Dhakshina Moorthy of South. Brahadeeswara Meaning Brahadeeshwara is a Sanskrit composite word composed of Brihat which means big, great, etc, and Ishvara means ”Lord Shiva”, Supreme being suprenatman (soul). The name means the “Great Lord, Big Shiva Temple”. The Big temple (or) Peruvudaiyar Koil was built to grace the throne of the Chola Empire by the Emperor Arulmozhivarman, popularly known as Rajaraja Chola I. This temple is also known as Periya Koil, Brihadeshwara Temple, Raja Rajeswara Temple and Rajarajeshwaram. The esteemed architect and engineer of the temple was Kunjara Mallan Raja Raja Perunthatchan. From the epigraphical evidence it is known about Rajaraja I started building this temple on his 19th year and completed of his 25th year. It took just 6 years to complete the temple. Volume XII, Issue III, 2020 Page No: 4995 Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology Issn No : 1006-7930 Rajaraja I named this temple as "Rajarajesvaram". -
English 710-882
AN ETHNOMUSICOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON KANIYAN KOOTHU Aaron J. Paige This paper will analyze some of the strategies by which Kaniyans, a minority com- munity from the Southern districts of Tamil Nadu, use music as a vehicle to negoti- ate, reconcile, and understand social, cultural, and economic change. Kaniyan Koothu performances are generally commissioned for kodai festivals, during which Kaniyans sing lengthy ballads. These stories vary locally from village to village and recount the adventures, exploits, and virtues of gods and goddesses specific to the area and community in which they are worshipped. While these narratives are en- tertaining in their own right, they also serve as springboards for subjective compari- son and interpretation. Kaniyans thus, transform mythological legends into modern social commentary. In a world perceived to be growing increasingly complicated by globalization and modernization, these folk musicians openly voice in performance both their concern for the loss of traditional values and their trepidation that Tamil culture, tamizh panpaadu – particularly village culture, gramiya panpaadu – are gradually being displaced by foreign principles, products, and technologies. In con- tradistinction to this conservative rhetoric, the Kaniyans, in recent years, have made major reformations to their own musical practice. Using specific textual examples, the first part of this paper will look at the ways in which musicians’ semi-improvised narratives foster solidarity under the rubric of a shared Tamil language and cultural identity. The second part of this paper, by way of musical examples, will attempt to illuminate how these same musicians are engaged in redefining and reformulating their musical tradition through the appropriation and integration of rhythmic models characteristic of Carnatic drumming. -
4. the Nayak Rule in Tamil Country
4. The Nayak Rule in Tamil Country Exercise 1 A. Question Choose the correct answer: Paligar system was introduced by…………... A. Vishwanatha Nayak B. Rani Mangammal C. Ragunatha Nayak Answer Vishwanatha Nayak is the correct option. His minister Ariyantha, helped him to introduce this administrative system. It was a feudal title for a class of administrative and military governors. The task of poligars was to maintain peace and security in his empire. 1 B. Question Choose the correct answer: The tower of Arunachalaeswara temple was completed by………………. A. Thirumalai Nayak B. Achutappa C. Vijaya Ragava Answer Achutappa is the correct option. He was the son of Sevappa. He completed the tower of Arunachalaeswara temple at Thiruvannamalai. It is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. 1 C. Question Choose the correct answer: ‘’War of the Noses’’ took place during the reign of……………………. A. Krishnappa Nayak B. Rani Meenakshi C. Thirumalai Nayak Answer Thirumalai Nayak is the correct option. “War of Noses” marked a strange practice of cutting down the nose and lips of the enemies. The Mysore army irst made use of this barbarous practice. Later, Thirumalai Nayak attacked the Mysore army and practiced the same method. 1 D. Question Choose the correct answer: Umarupulavar wrote…………………. A. KandarKalivenba B. IrusamayaVilakkam C. Seerapuranam Answer Seerapuranam is the correct option. His work enriched the Nayak’s literature. Kumaraguruparar wrote KandarKalivenba and Irusamaya Vilakkam was written by Haridasa. 2 A. Question Fill in the blanks: Viswanatha Nayak introduces a tax called………………... Answer Kaval Pitchai. It was a remuneration paid by people to the poligars. -
Hindu Energies Package Descriptions
HINDU ENERGIES PACKAGE DESCRIPTIONS Ashta Lakshmi Ashta Lakshmi assists you to make energetic connection to Lakshmi and her Divine Blessings . Goddess Lakshmi means Good Luck to Hindus. The word 'Lakshmi' is derived from the Sanskrit word "Laksya", meaning 'aim' or 'goal', and she is the goddess of wealth and prosperity, both material and spiritual. Lakshmi is one of the mother goddesses and is addressed as "mata" (mother) instead of just "devi" (goddess). As a female counterpart of Lord Vishnu, Mata Lakshmi is also called 'Shri', the female energy of the Supreme Being. She is the goddess of prosperity, wealth, purity, generosity, and the embodiment of beauty, grace and charm. Lakshmi is the household goddess of most Hindu families, and a favorite of women. The Lakshmi Form: Lakshmi is depicted as a beautiful woman of golden complexion, with four hands, sitting or standing on a full-bloomed lotus and holding a lotus bud, which stands for beauty, purity and fertility. Her four hands represent the four ends of human life: dharma or righteousness, "kama" or desires, "artha" or wealth, and "moksha" or liberation from the cycle of birth and death.Cascades of gold coins are seen flowing from her hands, suggesting that those who worship her gain wealth. She always wears gold embroidered red clothes. Red symbolizes activity and the golden lining indicates prosperity. Lakshmi is the active energy of Vishnu, and also appears as Lakshmi- Narayan - Lakshmi accompanying Vishnu. Ashvins Kumaras Founder: Ramon Martinez Lopez. The Ashvins or Ashwini Kumaras (Sanskrit: अश्विê 4; aśvin-, dual aśvinau), in Hindu mythology, are divine twin horsemen in the Rigveda, sons of Saranya (daughter of vishwakarma), a goddess of the clouds and wife of Surya in his form as Vivasvat. -
The Production of Rurality: Social and Spatial Transformations in the Tamil Countryside 1915-65 by Karthik Rao Cavale Bachelors
The Production of Rurality: Social and Spatial Transformations in the Tamil Countryside 1915-65 By Karthik Rao Cavale Bachelors of Technology (B.Tech) Indian Institute of Technology Madras Masters in City and Regional Planning (M.C.R.P.) Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Urban and Regional Studies at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 2020 © 2020 Karthik Rao Cavale. All Rights Reserved The author here by grants to MIT the permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of the thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Author_________________________________________________________________ Karthik Rao Cavale Department of Urban Studies and Planning December 12, 2019 Certified by _____________________________________________________________ Professor Balakrishnan Rajagopal Department of Urban Studies and Planning Dissertation Supervisor Accepted by_____________________________________________________________ Associate Professor Jinhua Zhao Chair, PhD Committee Department of Urban Studies and Planning 2 The Production of Rurality: Social and Spatial Transformations in the Tamil Countryside 1915-65 by Karthik Rao Cavale Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning on December 12, 2019 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Urban and Regional Studies ABSTRACT This dissertation advances a critique of the "planetary urbanization" thesis inspired by Henri Lefebvre’s writings on capitalist urbanization. Theoretically, it argues that Lefebvrian scholars tend to conflate two distinct meanings of urbanization: a) urbanization understood simply as the territorial expansion of certain kinds of built environment associated with commodity production; and b) urbanization as the reproduction of capitalist modes of production of space on an expanded, planetary scale.