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Lawrence Guy Straus and Manuel R. González Morales

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Lawrence Guy Straus and Manuel R. González Morales • E irón Cave, Canta rian Spain The Site and Its Holocene Archaeological Record EDITED BY LAWRENCE GUY STRAUS AND MANUEL R. GONZÁLEZ MORALES • Univenity o(New Mexico Press I Albuquerque o U)I2. by lhe Univcrsity ofNew Mexico Press Ali rights reserved. Published lOll Printed in lhe Uniled Slates or America 17 16 15 14 I) 12 1 234 56 LIBRARY OF CONG RESS CATALOGING-IN-PUB lICATION DATA EI Miron Cave, Cantabrian Spain ; lhe site and ils Holocene archaeological record I cditcd by Lawrence Guy Slraus and Ma nuel R. González Morales. p. cm. Ineludes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-826)-5148-7 (dolh : alk. paper) - ISBN 978-0 -826)-5150-0 (eleetronic) L Mirón Cave (Spain) 2. Neolithic period- Spain- Cantabria. 3. Mesolilh ic perlod­ Spain- Cantabria. 4. Excavations (Archaeology)-Spain-Cantabria. 5. Geology, Stmtigraphic- Holocene. 6. Paleobotany- Holocene. 7. Cantabria (Spain)- Antiquities. I. Straus, Lawrence Guy. 11. González Mo rales, Manuel R. DI. Title: Miron Cave, Canlabrian Spain. GN776.1l.S7I!S 2Q12 9)6.6·351 - dc23 201 10 4)902 OESIGN ANO lAYOUT: MEI.ISSA TAND YS H Composed in 10.)/14 Minio n Pro Display type is Cronos PrO Financing of color plates was provided by The FUlld for Stone Age Research (UNM Foundation) whose principal donors are Jean and Ray Auel. CHAPTER TWHVE Holocene Biostratigraphy and Climatic Change in Cantabria The Micromammalian Faunas of EI Mirón Cave Gloria Cuenca Bescós ",d Jua n Carlos García I'imiema TR.ANSLATED BY LAWRENCE GUY STRAUS 1 Miron Ca~. near Ramalts de la Victoria on the northtm td~ ofthe Cantabrian Cordillera in eutem Cantabna. has a 'arge mouth and moderate overallltngth. It is aI an eleo. .... tion of a.bout 260 m above presem sea levei. )°27 West of lhe Gr«nwich Meridian and 4t1S' Norlh (figures 12.1 and 11..1). IIS favored locatkm at a crossroads of vaIJeys ltading imo Vizcaya and O\'er lhe cordillera to Burgos boi only about lO km fmm ibt HolocrM couthne. wilh iLS moulh (adng due west, 100 to ilS having bttn uliliud by bwtwts evt"r since aI least Mouslerian timn (Straus and Gonzãlez Mondes 100lb). Until JUSta rew~ars ago dlC~pherds used lhe ytSlibule as a Iivestock stable. Ahhough EI Miron was disco\'ered scientincally aI lhe beginning of lhe twentieth century. s)'ltem3tic excólvations did nOl begin Wl li11996. Ever since Ihen, underthe direction ofLG. Slr.msand M. Gonlálet. Moralcs ("10013. b), ri 'eam offivc 10 ' wcnly-five students has been exc3vati ng ln lhe cave for Fil- 12. 1. locJluon of EI Mlmn Cóllve on the lberlólln Ptnmwlõl. Map b)' GIOriil Cuenn. I~"O ntontlui n 'c:ry summc:r. 1ht main cxClvalion area.s ha\'e b«n neM lhe: fronl oft~ \'fttlbldc: (lh~Cabin) and /-_ •• ___o aI ds lTar (lhe Corral), •o lhr HoIocc:ne: sc:dl menlS (10m lhe: Cabin arc:a wen: waltr-scrc:ened (or lhe: rtCOVtry o( smaJl arch~ogicaJ 1-- ' 1 and paleontologlcul rc:mains. Sol11n8 ofthe: sue:e:n resi­ duc:s jn~vN sc:parallon o( artl(acIs. \'e:rttbrates, and bolilnicaJ re:m.nms. whkh wc:re: IMo prrpared for study and CUrltlon (Stnaus anel Gontáln. Monles 'lOOIa. b), i his sludr pruc:nl.s the: first mults of our ana1~ o( lhe: mkrom'llumalhan remains (rom lhe Holoce:ne CANTADRIA leveis orEI Mlrón. namely (rum lhc: Cabin arc:a ofthe Ollter vestibu le. AI lhe: time of wriling this excavation nrcll had rCRchecl " lultl l dcplh of IlbO UI 3 m. dowlI 10 Ihc: early 10 mid-Magdll lcnian. Durlng lhe ( ourse of the: ~cava li on somc: 14 Holoce:nc·age: leveis and lenses were define<! (Lc:vc:ls 1- 10.1). Some oflhe: lenses are in-fillings o( pil ftill ures, ''ar lhe etfecL'i Ofl hl ~ sludy se\'eraJ of the minor Ic:nses werc groupt'd with Ihc:ir COllUponding In·ds. bul I.nd}.S (a channtl till posterior to deposi- 11 00 ofLtvd 3) and ~'d 10 .1 (a major, distinct stratum of MtsOhl bic age) WC:I'C! consklert'd sc:paralely, as signifi­ caRl slraligruphic unlts ln lhor own righl. lhe wt't-Krc:eningoperaI1 on conducttd on thedt-­ pasll! of l.c\·els 1- 10. t b)' lhe EI ~ I irón team pl"O\'ided an inte:rc:s;ting collc:ction of mlcromammals.. which is lhe ba iJ of lhe prc:senl sludy. ln Our laboratory at the •"-L.. • . Univer lly of Zaragota we carried oul lhe analyses of J the.se fossils and prcpared IhelTl for lheir long-term --"--- cllr.uion. Wc: have idenlificd rc: mains of 1.1 species fig. 1:1.1. lOCil tlo n or EI Mlr6n Cave and oth« P~IeoI,"", of mlcrornnm lllll!s (ram lhe ~I o!ocenc assemblages Sltes ln lhe Rio As6n va ll ey. Map by L. G. Stralls, redrl/tft! by Ronllld Slôluber. of EI Mlrón (Iable 1"1 .1). 'fb ey tire dislribu tcd among thret orders: Rodentlu. Eulipolyp hla, and hi roplera. Pragmnlically. we group Ihem togelhcr uoder lhe cal­ egory of microlllam mals because o( lbeir sma11 size. Rodtnt ia (11 spec.I~): A,.\'I'oIo I(mStru. We can also add to lhis Iisl some small carnh'ores per­ A sapíduJ. MlcrofUJ agrtsl,s, M. Qt'Wl/is. l1Iining lO lbe Mustelid (amUy. which. becaUS<" of thcjr M. o«o"omu$, Ot,o/Wmf$ rtmalu. smaJl slu. are aJso found in lhe micro\'C'rIebrat·c sam­ a~t"rUJllomY' glnnolus, Tnncola lldl'tmIiod" pies from EI Mirón. (or which rcason we also slUdied Plíomys lel,ki. ApodemuJ J)lmticwJ·JWl iro:Jis, Ibc:m in 1h1s COnlexL ummaries ofthe whole EI !\fuón CUJ glis. ElIO"'l' qlltrrinus micromammalian sequence (Ineluding lhe Uppe:r EuHpotyphl. (6 5p<Cics~ r.11" ""'f"'D. Paleolllhlc . nd terminal Mlddle Pill~lithic leveis) are S4ru (orcmn1us-(,rontUJ. So,tA -robust ~... prHCnlw in Cuena Be:scós elar. (1008. 1009). S. mmu,uJ, Ntomys sp. OwWIU"IJ "mil/;! lhe compleu faunal collh1ion of micromammals Chlropttna; ont large spt'CItS. Mrotl$ sp.; tOO fro m lhe lIolocene levds of EI Mirón is described as one: smalJ sp«les, MIIIIOpttrUJ sp. foUows (Sff also tabl", 11.1 and 11..}): Carnlvora: Musttlu lIiV/IUJ I 206 I Chapltr TwellJf Chronology of EI M lr6n Cave eXQvatiOI1 areOl. nlis (calUrt manm.'Stly cul through MosI ofthe micromalllmallan sôlmpl('f ha\'i! becn Indi­ allea.sl l.C'~15 ).).'1, ,,, and S Ilnd iOlo lhe tops ofl4=\'d rtetJy dated by means of r"ddiocurbon dating of charcoal 6 and n'en l.t\-d ,. iIs n::bl.lOnship 10 lhe disconlm­ from lhe' ~'ds (Strausand Gonúlez ~torales 200101. b). UOU5 palChtos lha! colUlitute Levd ]. Is uncleM. and Thr Holocenc In'els a n be g(()U~ Inlo tive ~riods: neltoo ís it radiometrieaUy datcd. ii d~ p~tt La'Ô I and did not )'idd modern artjfacts (Stt fig­ Mode'm: lne:11 ure 1.l....4). Thb dug-ou! or crosi\'t mfe:ature could Prolohi lorie H): l.t-\-e:1 J.S (pII fill) bc 611td wlm scdJments pertalOing to lhe $O-Gllled Early Bronu Agr: Levds '1 and J (+ LtnSt'S J.o-J... d lroo Age CoM I>twt: (l900-l)OO BP) lMllw becn Chakolithk: Le\-e:lJ -4-7 observed in northe:.utem Spóun in opcn'aJr conlexl!í NfllLi t.hlc: Levcls 8-10 and descnbed by lhe: nUlhors as a cold, hunüd epi­ MHOlith ic: LtvtllO.1 sode lhal comcided wllh a minor advance: of mon­ tane slacic:rs and hlgher prtdp1lation lhan in lhe 1M radiocnrbon dates for lhe I-Ioloctnt' levd$ aresum· prectding warm. sub.1tJallllC poIlt'n 7.onc:-hf!llCC:m marizcd ln t"blc 11. ..... erosive pcriod (Gulu:rrez I!Imu anel Petul-Monné 19.98). Howcvcr, no Irol1 Age artlfncts wcre found in !t. l he micro fu llt Hl I (Isscmblngc frolTl Levei J.S con­ Summary of the Micromammalian Faunas sisl! of lhe followlog lllXll: A rll/cola Icrrt.'Strls, Mkrotus af EI Mirón Cave in Strat igraphic Conrext agrnlis, M. armllS. M. o«o"omus, allo"om~ nJWJlis. lhe mICmmanlmalian re.mains analyud here. com~ ~tllrionom)'1 ghJrtoIus. T~rrirola IUliralllrus. Plimn)'S fUXli the Cabin aOlvalion :un IR 1m: outer V6tibule. lmh. Apodt!mus S)·' ...'Uricus-jUl1'JCoIII$. G/is gli$, Taipa squ.am H-J/h4; thelr\'ffllcal provenance cootm con· sp.. Sorr.x ronmatln·artUlCUJ.. S. mitllltus, N«Jm)'S sp-o s:ists ofln"c1s and 5pl1$ and lhtlr horizontal provmana: Croddlllil sp.. M)'Olls. llOd MUI/da sp. lhe pre:senct ronsi5ls ofrnt'lér squllres and quarter-me:ter subsquare:s of PfJOtn)'S in such. m:mt d~1 iS hlghly unusuaJ. 16gult:S I1.J and 1.1.-4 )" as will bc: commenttd upon btlow_ ln Ihis 5CClion ~ dt'SCri~ lht str.allgr.aphle umls le!"el 1; DISConllnuoU5 r alchC!S of bc.lg~ (Ir )'d· Wlth their micromammalian conleoU (mm 10p 10 bot· lowlsh. And)' dar btlow lhe cabin 1100r, esSl'n· 10m wimin lhe HoIoce:nt dtposll. Prt:liminary pub­ tially ai lhe t'a.sl~rn sidt' of lhe! e!xcavalion ara.. licatiOn) .. s well as chaplers in lhe prtknt volume by DomC:Slicaled animal bono . r~ abundanl. hUI 1m: lhe pro;«t dirtctors C5(na us et aL :1001) and 8«)logists onl)' micromammals aTe! agam Arvicola tt!rrtSlris gl\'C' sedllncnlologial and SIr3llgnphlc dttulls lhal we and 7idpa. ,,",11 nOI rtrcat here. ln contrast, we eOIlCt'ntrate 011 lhe mícrOnlllmma1iUI1 fnunas that charactcrizc each leveI l evei J (+ Lcnses J.O- l .•): A complcx of lhe main (a nd the rel al !vc Illlportu ncc of t h!! d ifrcrc nt taxa) (sec levei (3) .
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