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The Journal of Oromo Studies ••• THE JOURNAL OF OROMO STUDIES VOLUM E 4, NUMBERS I & 2, JULY 1997 ~• • THE JOURNAL OF OROMO STUDIES EDITOR Asafa Jalata, University of Tennessee, USA ASSOCIATE EDITOR Wanda Rushing Edwards, University of Tennessee, USA EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS Lemmu Baissa, Utica College, USA Asfaw Beyene, San Diego State University, USA Belletech Deressa, Global Mission, USA Bichaka Fayissa, Middle Tennessee University, USA Mohammed Hassen, Georgia State University, USA Bonnie K Holcomb, George Washington University, USA Admasu Shunkuri, University of New Mexico, USA Addisu Tolesa, Indiana University, USA EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Adam Abdalla, CUNY, USA Mario I Aguilar, Universityof St.Andrews, Scotland George Banti, University of Rome, Italy-, Paul Baxter, University of Manchester, UK Mekuria Bulcha, University of Uppsala, Sweden Bahiru Gametchu, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA Gunnar Hasselblatt, Berliner, Missionwerk, GDR Richard Hayward, University of London, UK Jan Hultin, University of Goteborg, Sweden Virginia Luling, Survival International, London, UK Said Samatar, Rutgers University, USA Sidney Waldron, SUNY Cortland, USA Rev Ronald Ward, Toronto Baptist I-C Services, Canada tns JOURNAL OF OROMO STUDIES VOLUME 4, NUMBERS 1 & 2, JULY 1997 JOURNAL OF aROMa STUDIES Department of Sociology 901 McClung Tower University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996-0490 The Journal of Oromo Studies (JOS) is a multi-disciplinary international journal of the Oromo Studies Association, and it publishes original research and book reviews on Oromo studies and other related issues twice a year. JOS welcomes contributions from all areas of Oromo studies and related fields Since manuscripts are evaluated by anonymous peer reviewers in the appropriate field, publishing decisions are made on the recommendation of these reviewers. It is our commitment to work with authors, and we respond with comments whether or not we publish the manuscript. Articles published in this journal do not necessarily represent the views of the Oromo Studies Association or those of its officers; individual authors carry full responsibility for the accuracy of the facts and for opinions expressed in the articles ¢J 1997 The Joumal ofOromo Studies All rights reserved ISSN 1070-2202 Subscriptions: Published twice a year. One year individual, $20 .. 00; one year institutional, $40 .. 00. Single copies: $10.00 for individuals; $20 00 for institutions. Add $500 for mailing outside of the USA. Please send manuscripts, and business and editorial correspondence to Asafa Jalata, Editor, The Journal of Oromo Studies, Department of Sociology, 901 McClung Tower, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0490. Manuscripts must be submitted in three copies (typed, double spaced) with an abstract ofabout 200 words Figures, tables, and maps must be camera-ready. Authors must follow the latest edition of the Chicago Manual of Style. Separate notes and references should be at the end of the manuscript Accepted articles must be submitted in Wordf'erfect 5. I . THE JOURNAL OF OROMO STUDIES VOLUME 4, NUMBERS 1 & 2, JULY 1997 Editorial Overview i-vi Global Capitalism and the Oromo Liberation Struggle: Theoretical Notes on Us, Policy Towards the Ethiopian Empire William I. Robinson 1 The Tale of Two Democracies: The Encounter Between US-Sponsored Ethiopian "Democracy" and Indigenous Oromo Democratic Forms Bonnie K. Holcomb 47 Oromo Nationalism in the New Global Context Asafa Jalata 83 The Siiqqee Institution of Oromo Women Kuwee Kumsa 115 Population Growth and Sustainable Development: The Case of Oromia in the Hom of Africa Feyisa Denne 153 Fate of Conquered Peoples and Marginal Lands Under Imperial Rule: The Case ofthe Awash River Basin Assefa Kuru 179 Review Essay Mohammed Hassen 203 Book Review 239 NOTE ON CONTRIBUTORS WILLIAM I. ROBINSON is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at The University ofTennessee. He has published in such scholarly journals as Theory and Society, The Journal ofPolitical and Milirary Sociology, Race and Class, Third World Quarterly, Critical Sociology, Global Society, and Latin American Perspectives, He has also published three books. The most recent is Promoting Polyarchy: Globalization, U.S Intervention, and Hegemony, (Cambridge University Press). BONNIE K. HOLCOMB is a Senior Research Associate at the Center for Communitarian Policy Studies of The George Washington University at Washington, D.C She is the author of several articles on Northeast African affairs and two books, Politics and the Ethiopian Famine, 1984-1985 with Jason W. Clay and The Invention ofEthiopia with Sisai lbssa ASAFA JALATA is an Associate Professor of Sociology and African and African American Studies at The University of I ennessee, Knoxville. He is the author of Oromia & Ethiopia, and the editor of Oromo Nationalism and the Ethiopian Colonial Discourse: The Searchfor Freedom and Democracy, (Red Sea Press, forthcoming). His articles have been published in The African Studies Review, Hom of Africa, Dialectical Anthropology, The Journal of Political and Military Sociology, and Social Justice. KUWEE KUMSA is a Researcher and Activist who currently lives in exile in Canada. FEYISA DEMIE is a Principal Research Officer and Consultant His area of interests include Social Survey, StatisticalData Management and Technological Change, and Sustainable Development in Developing Countries. He has published several articles on the Hom of Africa ASSEFA KURU is a Senior Researcher at the Finnish Forest Research Institute.. He has published several articles on Africa MOHAMMED HASSEN is an Associate Professor of Histury at Georgia State University, Atlanta He is the author of The Oromo ofEthiopia;' A History 1570-1860, (Cambridge University Press), and he also published more than a dozen articles, numerous book chapters and book reviews. He was the president of the Oromo Studies Association EDITORIAL OVERVIEW This volume of the Journal of Oromo Studies deals with the complex issues of the Oromo problem, Contributors to the volume focus on the impacts of globalization and V,S, foreign policy on the Oromo national movement; the failure of US -sponsored Ethiopian "democracy" and the emergence of Tigrayan colonial dictatorship in a multinational empire; the status of Oromo nationalism in the era of the new global order and the necessity ofdesigning new tactics and strategies to achieve the Oromo national project; the issue of the siqqee institution of Oromo women and the possibility of reinventing this institution for achieving national liberation and gender equality; the problems of population and sustainable development in Oromia; the impacts ofcolonial development projects on environment and the colonized peoples in the Awash Valley; and the history of the Macha-Tulama Self-help Association and the importance ofthis associationfor the development ofOromo nationalism Contributors do a superb job of addressing the complex problems of the Oromo nation and forcing us to critically understand these problems and to find pragmatic solutions In "Global Capitalism and the Oromo Liberation Struggle: Theoretical Notes on US, Policy Towards the Ethiopian Empire," Sociologist William I Robinson explores the complex problem of the Oromo national movement in relation to the process of globalization and Ll.S: foreign policy, and why the Vnited States and other Western countries have chosen to support the emergence of Tigrayan colonial dictatorship under the guise of "democracy." He critically exposes the wrong assumptions by some scholars and activists on V, S, foreign policy towards peripheral countries in general and towards Oromia and Ethiopia in particular, and explains why the capitalist world order under the leadership of the V"S" does not promote agendas of authentic democratization, human rights, social justice and national liberation in Oromia and Ethiopia" He argues that the U.S. developed the new policy of "democracy promotion" for ideological legitimation of intervening and controlling political crises and transitions in peripheral countries to determine their outcomes for the interest of the capitalist world order and its collaborators at the cost of the snuggling and suffering populations.. Robinson demonstrates that the strategy of managing crises during transitions and the policy of "democracy promotion" are needed to maintain an unjust international systemthrough suppressingthe processes of popular snuggle and authentic democratization He asserts that the main reason why the U. S . manages and finances the current crises in the Ethiopian empire by backing the emerging authoritarian Tigrayan minority regime is to suppress the popular Oromo national snuggle and to intensify the exploitation and oppression of the Oromo majority Therefore, Robinson says, there is no surprise that the U.S assists Ethiopian colonialism and Tigrayan dictatorship at the cost of the Oromo majority and others since its intention is not to promote authentic democracy, social justice and freedom He suggests that although the U.S .. currently uses Tigrayan authoritarianism to suppress the popular Oromo national snuggle and democracy, at the same time it continues to search for establishing polyarchy or "elite democracy" in case the Oromo snuggle goes out of its control, Robinson argues that as the global capitalist world order led by the U. S. makes the national liberation snuggle of the Oromo complex and difficult, the Oromo popular snuggle has the potential to undermine the stability of this Older in Oromia and Ethiopia. He predicts that
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