Data Sheet National Park Service National Register of Historic Places ! Inventory -- Nomination Form
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Form No. 10-300 ^ ACH*' UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DATA SHEET NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES ! INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS ____________TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS______ [NAME HISTORIC Federal Street Historic District AND/OR COMMON An irregular pattern along Federal Street, School Street, Green Street, STREET& NUMBER Park Row, Cleaveland Street, Bath Street, Maine Street, and Bowdoin College Campus. _NOTFOR PUBLICATION CITY. TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT • Brunswick _ VICINITY OF 1st Hon. David Emery STATE CODE COUNTY CODE Maine 23 Cumberland HCLASSIFICATION . CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE ! ^DISTRICT —PUBLIC 2LOCCUPIED —AGRICULTURE —MUSEUM — BUILDING(S) —PRIVATE —UNOCCUPIED —COMMERCIAL —PARK —STRUCTURE J^BOTH --WORK IN PROGRESS JSEDUCATIONAL J*PRIVATE RESIDENCE —SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE —ENTERTAINMENT J^RELIGIOUS __06JECT _IN PROCESS —YES: RESTRICTED JEGOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC —BEING CONSIDERED 2! YES: UNRESTRICTED ..INDUSTRIAL _ TRANSPORTATION :. _NO —MILITARY —OTHER: OWNER OF PROPERTY NAME Multiple Ownership STREET & NUMBER CITY, TOWN STATE VICINITY OF LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDSyETC. Cumberland County Registry of Deeds STREET & NUMBER 142 Federal Street CITY. TOWN STATE Portland, Maine REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE DATE —FEDERAL —STATE —COUNTY —LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS CITY, TOWN STATE DESCRIPTION CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE —EXCELLENT —DETERIORATED —UNALTERED —ORIGINAL SITE —GOOD —RUINS —ALTERED —MOVED DATE_______ —FAIR _UNEXPOSED DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE The Federal Street Historic District in Brunswick is comprised of acohesive, homogeneous grouping of late 18th, 19th and 20th century architecture. Styl istically, the largest number of structures are evenly divided between the Federal (31), the Greek Revival (30), and the Colonial Revival (36) periods. Styles represented in the district include the Post Colonial (i.e.50, David Stanwood House), the Transitional Federal-Greek Revival (i.e. 58, J. Ellis House), the Greek Revival (i.e. 24, Webb House), the Gothic Revival (i.e. 105, Henry - Boody House), the Transitional Greek Revival-Italianate (i.e.57 Double House), the Italianate (i.e. 55, Capt. Francis Jordan House), the Eclectic (i.e. 95, Joshua L. Chamberlain House), the Stick Style (i.e n 29, Unitarian Church), the Queen Anne (i.e. 1, Two Family House), the Romanesque Revival (i.e. 119, Chapel), the Shingle : Style (i.e. 102, 'Psi Upsilon Fraternity House), : the-Colonial Revival (i.e. 104; DSlta'Kappa Epsilori Fraternity House), the Jacobean Revival^(i.e. 110, N Searles Science Building), the Remaissance Revival (i.e. 112, Walker'Art Building), the Bungalow (i.e. 64, House), and the Contemporary (i.e. Ill, Art Instruction Building). Of the 138 homes and buildings within the district, 2 are Post Colonial, 31 are Federal, 3 are Transitional Federal-Greek Revival, 30 are Greek Revival, 4 are Gothic Revival, 1 is Transitional Greek Revival-Italianate, 9 are Italianate, 1 is Eclectic, 1 is Stick Style, 3 are Queen Anne, 2 are Romanesque Revival, 3 are Shingle Style, 36 are Colonial Revival, 1 is Jacobean Revival, 1 is Renaissance Revival, 1 is Bungalow, 7 are Contemporary, and 2 are of 19th century origin but have been remodelled so as! ' :to make style determination impossible. n - :- . ; During a span of nearly two centuries of styles, the predominent character istic in the Federal Street Historic District has been a straightforward inter pretation of the current architectural mode. Many of the district's structures can be classed as vernacular examples of their style. However, a number of them, especially those on the Bowdoin College Campus, constitute major works by architects of state and national importance. These include Samuel Melcher Ill's Prof. Parker Cleaveland House (47), Richard Upjohn's First Parish Congregational Church (94) and Bowdoin College Chapel (119), Gervase Wheeler's Henry Boody House (105), Henry Vaughn's Searles Science Building (110) and Hubbard Hall (115), McKim, Mead and White's Walker Art Building (112), and John Calvin Stevens' Psi Upsilon Fraternity House (102). The scale, proportion, materials, color and design quality of the structures are in harmony throughout the Federal Street Historic District. The only dramatic variation in scale is the 16 story Bowdoin Senior Center (137), which is located on the southern perimeter of both the campus and the district. The following figures delineate the scale of the 138 homes and buildings in the area: 1 1 story gable roof 2 1 story hip roof 2 1 story arched roof (See continuation sheets) SIGNIFICANCE PERIOD AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE-CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW —PREHISTORIC —ARCHEOLOGY-PREHISTORIC —COMMUNITY PLANNING —LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ^RELIGION —1400-1499 —ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC —CONSERVATION _LAW —SCIENCE —1500-1599 —AGRICULTURE » —ECONOMICS —LITERATURE _SCULPTURE —1600-1699 ^^ARCHITECTURE 2E.EDUCATION —MILITARY —SOCIAL/HUMANITARIAN X_1700-1799 _ART —ENGINEERING —MUSIC —THEATER 2L. 1800-1899 —COMMERCE —EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT —PHILOSOPHY ••> • .- i —TRANSPORTATION X.1900- —COMMUNICATIONS —INDUSTRY —POLITICS/GOVERNMENT —OTHER (SPECIFY) _INVENTION SPECIFIC DATES BUILDER/ARCHITECT STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE I ( n t, -. r-. r i "( - ' >f. " i: i /j [_>.>[ '.ilhe-first^settler in.,the> Brunswick: arearwas Thpmas-. Purch&sv wh.Q acquired •^extensive.-lands prior to. 1628 through,:.,a patent from, the,Massachusetts-!govern^ ment.*-jr Shortly after his death, in ^167.^ at t-he age } pf-.101 his, heirs -sold the .bulk of his holdings to Richard Wharton who also purchased from^tfye Indians extensive territories on either side of the Androscoggin River as far upstream as the*present Lewiston./ Wharton sold these lands in 1714 to a number of gentlemen of wealth"and influence, mostly from Boston, who associated them selves under the name of the Pejepscot Proprietors, Pejepscot being the Indian name for the area. This Pejepscot Purchase, so called, marks the beginning of the history of permanent settlement in Brunswick since the sparse earlier settlements had been twice wiped out in the Indian.wars of, 1675 and 1690. Once, more, however, during Lovewell's War in 1722, Indian raids nearly depopulated the area. By 1727, under the wtachful eye of the Proprietors, a permanenet stable settlement was achieved.' ••--.•• . • ... :- •..-...,. , <• . • - •'., >< . - Disputes over boundaries with other land speculators, -most notably the Pymouth Company, plaeued the Proprietors, but they continued to administer the sale of land in the area until 1814, one hundred years -from their founding. In that year, all their lands having been disposed of, the Pejepscot Proprietors terminated the company. The town was incorporated in 1737 and according to the census of 1790 then boasted a population of 1,387. The falls of the Androscoggin at Brunswick provided amply power for a varied assortment of mills which sprang up during the 18th century and the town grew apace and experienced reasonable economic success. Another contributing factor was easy access to the sea so that goods of all kinds could be trans ported with facility. However, the decade beginning in 1798 proved to be the most prosperous up to that time and for a considerable period thereafter. Brunswick, as well as many another New England seacoast town took full advantage of the United States' rol& as a neutral carrier during this part of the long struggle with Napoleon in Europe. Shipping boomed as trade with both adversaries increased. This period of good fortune terminated with the Embargo^ in 1807. (see continuation sheets) HMAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES Bowdoln College Catalogue, 1974-75, Brunswick, 1974 Cleaveland, Nehemiah and Alpheus S. Packard, History of Bowdoin College, Boston, 1882 Hatch, Louis C., The History of Bowdoin College, Portland, 1927 ___ (See continuation sheet)__ ___ ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY. 65 ac. UTM REFERENCES |l.9| |4|2.2i4.7 t 5| i4.8j6,3|0t 7,5| |4i2.3|0.2i5l I 4. 8i 6.310.5, 0| ZONE EASTING NORTHING EASTING NORTHING |li9| |4|2,.2.|9i5iO| Ui8|6t ll 7. 2. 5\ Ul2i2l-4iQiQl I 4r 8l 61 li 7i 5i Q! VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION Beginning at the intersection of Mason and Federal Streets the district boundary runs southerly along the rear property-lines on the east side of Federal Street to the intersection of Federal and Bath Streets, thence southerly along the centerline of Sills Drive to College Street. The line continues west along the rear property lines on the southern side of College Street, then turns south along the rear pro|>erty\Lines on the east side of Park Row and west along the sout] (see continuation sneet)lx>Or CouL-g<&c- J-J&feav/tq* (Q»2. 7£ LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES STATE CODE COUNTY CODE STATE CODE COUNTY CODE FORM PREPARED BY NAME/TITLE Earle G. Shettleworth, Jr. , Architectural Historian Frank A. Beard, Historic Preservationist ORGANIZATION DATE Maine Historic Preservation Commission December 1975 STREET & NUMBER TELEPHONE 31 Western Avenue .. 207-289-2133 CITY OR TOWN STATE Augus ta, Maine STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER CERTIFICATION THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS PROPERTY WITHIN THE STATE IS: NATIONAL JL_ STATE___ LOCAL___ As the designated State Historic Preservation Qfficer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665), I hereby nominate this