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LB3210408ITC 002.Pdf Il presente volume comprende in allegato un CD contenente: • Copia in formato PDF del volume stesso • Indicazione delle località di campionamento dei funghi e dei suoli • I dati analitici (ca. 300.000) riguardanti la totalità dei campioni (ca. 10.000) di funghi e di suoli analizzati • La statistica descrittiva per tutti i generi e le specie analizzati • Le mappe che illustrano la distribuzione delle concentrazioni degli elementi inorganici nei funghi • Le mappe che illustrano la distribuzione delle concentrazioni degli elementi inorganici nei suoli ISBN 978-92-79-16554-2 REF JRC59940 doi:10.2788/78612 N° catalogo LB-32-10-408-IT-C Casa Editrice Grafica Sette, Bagnolo Mella, Brescia Fotocolor e prestampa Di Lena Fotomeccanica, Brescia Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Italy, Settembre 2010 2 Ispra-AMB.PMD 2 05/01/11, 18.25 Contact information: Address: ROBERTO M. CENCI - European Commission - DG JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Land Management and Natural Hazards Unit, T.P. 280, via E. Fermi, 2749 - I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy. E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +39 0332 789771 Fax: +39 0332 786394 Address: LUIGI COCCHI - Membro del Direttivo Nazionale, della Segreteria Organizzativa dei Comitati Scientifici Nazionali e della Commissione di Micotossicologia dell’Associa- zione Micologica Bresadola. Vice Presidente del Gruppo Micologico e Naturalistico “Renzo Franchi” di Reggio Emilia (RE), Italy E-mail: [email protected] Address: ORLANDO PETRINI - Repubblica e Cantone Ticino, Istituto Cantonale di Microbiologia, via Mirasole, 22A, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +41 91 814 6031 Fax: +41 91 814 6019 http://www.ti.ch/dss/DSP/ISTCM/ Address: Fabrizio Sena - European Commission - DG JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Rural, Water and Ecosystem Resources Unit, T.P. 270, via E. Fermi, 2749 - I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy. E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +39 0332 785399 Fax: +39 0332 786645 http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/rural-water-and-ecosystem-resources-unit http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ Address: CARMINE SINISCALCO - Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Dipartimento Difesa della Natura, “Progetto Speciale Funghi”, via Curtatone, 3, I-00185 Roma, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +39 06 5007 4302 Fax: +39 06 5007 4013 http://www.isprambiente.it Address: LUCIANO V ESCOVI - Tecnico presso il Laboratorio chimico di Enìa s.p.a. Reggio Emilia (RE), Italy E-mail: [email protected] 3 Ispra-AMB.PMD 3 05/01/11, 18.25 4 Ispra-AMB.PMD 4 05/01/11, 18.25 Elementi chimici nei funghi superiori I funghi di riferimento come strumento di lavoro per la bioindicazione e la biodiversità R. M. CENCI, L. C OCCHI, O. P ETRINI, F. S ENA, C. S INISCALCO, L. V ESCOVI I funghi in natura sono tra i principali versità e bioindicazione, alla tassonomia fino agenti dei cicli biogeochimici, i cicli di ma- all’impatto igienico sanitario. teria ed energia alla base del funzionamento La vastità di dati riportata potrà essere degli ecosistemi. utilizzata per un raffronto con informazioni Le informazioni relative alla biodiversi- che saranno raccolte in studi futuri. Questi tà delle specie fungine italiane e l’utilizzo dei risultati dovrebbero inoltre permettere una valori di concentrazione di elementi chimici migliore e più esaustiva interpretazione della nei medesimi potrebbero permettere di usare bontà delle norme per la protezione e salva- i funghi quali indicatori biologici della qua- guardia dell’ambiente messe in atto per mi- lità di ambienti forestali, boschivi e semi na- nimizzare o annullare gli effetti dei cambia- turali. L’archivio dati dell’EUR Report rac- menti climatici in corso e i danni ambientali coglie le concentrazioni, su materiale secco, dovuti all’attività antropica. di 35 elementi chimici, metalli pesanti com- Gli studi riguardanti la frequenza e l’eco- presi, per oltre 9.000 campioni di funghi su- logia delle varie specie fungine rinvenute sul periori che rappresentano circa 200 generi e territorio nazionale hanno favorito l’abbina- un migliaio di specie. Il raggiungimento del- mento agli habitat di riferimento in uso pres- la stabilità statistica dell’archivio ha consen- so i sistemi europei di classificazione (Natu- tito di definire il concetto di “fungo di riferi- ra 2000, CORINE Land Cover, CORINE mento”. L’uso del “fungo di riferimento” po- Biotopes ed. EUNIS). Sono stati così creati i trebbe essere importante, anche solo come ap- presupposti per l’utilizzo dei funghi come proccio metodologico, in vari campi della ri- indicatori biologici per la valutazione della cerca micologica e ambientale; dalla biodi- qualità del suolo e degli ecosistemi. ISBN 978-92-79-16554-2 REF JRC59940 DOI 10.2788/78612 N° catalogo LB-32-10-408-IT-C Casa Editrice Grafica Sette, Bagnolo Mella, Brescia Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Italy, Settembre 2010 5 Ispra-AMB.PMD 5 05/01/11, 18.25 Ringraziamenti Hanno contribuito alla redazione del presente volume: DR.SSA ANNA BENEDETTI (Paragrafo 2.4) Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Centro per lo Studio delle Relazioni tra Pianta e Suolo ([email protected]) DR. PIETRO MASSIMILIANO BIANCO (Paragrafo 2.3) Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale - Dipartimento Difesa della Natu- ra ([email protected]) PROF.SSA MANUELA GIOVANNETTI (Paragrafo 2.2) Dipartimento di Biologia delle Piante Agrarie - Università di Pisa ([email protected]) DR. CARLO JACOMINI (Paragrafi 2.3 e 2.4) Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale - Dipartimento Difesa della Natu- ra ([email protected]) DR. STEFANO MOCALI (Paragrafo 2.4) Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Centro per lo Studio delle Relazioni tra Pianta e Suolo ([email protected]) DR.SSA LILIANE PETRINI (Paragrafi 2.1, 2.5 e 3.1) Lugano (CH) La realizzazione di un libro ampio e complesso necessita sempre di informazioni specifiche, dettagliate, approfondite che sono a conoscenza di pochi esperti. Noi vorremmo ringraziare tutti coloro che ci hanno aiutato con il loro prezioso contributo, senza il quale il presente lavoro non sarebbe potuto essere realizzato, ed in particolare: Dr. FayÇal Bouraoui Comunità Europea - Centro Comune di Ricerca di Ispra - Istituto dell’Ambiente e Sostenibilità ([email protected]). DR.SSA NAZARIA MARCHI Servizio Geologico, Sismico e dei Suoli della Regione Emilia Romagna ([email protected]). PROF. GIUSEPPE RASPA Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica e dei Materiali e Ambiente - Università “Sapienza” di Roma (giuseppe.raspa @ uniroma1.it). La foto di copertina è di GIUSEPPE BORZIANI e rappresenta Camarophyllus pratensis (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm. (fungo descritto a pagina 158); sullo sfondo il Monte Cusna (2120 m) nell’Appennino Reggiano. Idea grafica di CARLO PAPETTI. Ringraziamo inoltre: Franco BERSAN, Enrico BIZIO, Giorgio BUIZZA, Luca CAMPANA, Emanuele CAMPO, Maurella CASTOLDI, Maurizio CHIARI, Paolo FRANCHI, Luca GORRERI, Pier Giovanni JAMONI, Angela LANTIERI, Giorgio MARASCA, Mauro MARCHETTI, Giovanni MONTI, Carlo PAPETTI, Giovanni ROBICH, Mauro SARNARI, Cesare TUGLIOZZI, Gianfranco VISENTIN, il Gruppo Micologico dell’Etruria meridionale - AMB, Archivio AMB - CSM, la Società Veneziana di Micologia - 6 Ispra-AMB.PMD 6 05/01/11, 18.25 AMB, tutti i micologi ed i partecipanti ai gruppi micologici AMB che hanno depositato i propri reperti di erbario presso il Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia. Un sentito ringraziamento va ai Soci e agli amici che nell’arco di oltre vent’anni hanno colla- borato, in vari modi e secondo competenze diverse, al lavoro qui presentato sono veramente molto numerosi e, sarà banale dirlo ma in questo caso è particolarmente vero, il rischio di dimenticare qualcuno è veramente molto elevato. È perciò giusto che i ringraziamenti siano collettivi anche perché si da così il vero riconoscimento al contributo di tutta l’Associazione Micologica Bresadola. Una citazione particolare va tuttavia ai componenti del Comitato Scien- tifico Nazionale e al Gruppo Micologico e Naturalistico “R. Franchi” di Reggio Emilia. Si ringrazia la Provincia di Reggio Emilia per il patrocinio ed il contributo elargito nel 2004 alla ricerca “Presenza di elementi chimici nei funghi superiori”. Si ringraziano altresì per la collaborazione data nel reperimento di campioni fungini: Maria Luisa BORRETTINI, Presidente del Raggruppamento GGEV della Provincia di Reggio Emilia; Gioacchino PEDRAZZOLI, già Presidente WWF Emilia-Romagna e membro del Consi- glio Direttivo del Parco nazionale dell’Appennino Tosco-Emiliano; Fabio SIMONAZZI, Centro di Informazione ed Educazione Ambientale dei Territori Canossani della Val d’Enza; Roberto BARBANTINI, Davide BOTTAZZI, Tito FABBIANI, Willy REGGIONI e Stefania ZANNINI, operatori del Parco Regionale dell’Alto Appennino Reggiano - Parco del Gigante, ente soppresso nel 2005 a seguito dell’istituzione del Parco nazionale dell’Appennino Tosco-Emiliano. Si ringraziano il Dr. Bruno CAVALCHI, già Direttore dell’ARPA (ex PMP) di Reggio Emilia e il Dr. Roberto SOGNI dell’ARPA (ex PMP) di Piacenza. Un ringraziamento particolare va a Tjakko STIJVE (St. Légier La Chiesàz, CH) per i frequenti scambi di opinioni, valutazioni e dati. Si ringrazia inoltre il Sig. Pietro SPAGNI. 7 Ispra-AMB.PMD 7 05/01/11, 18.25 8 Ispra-AMB.PMD 8
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