The Death of DD Palmer and Its Aftermath
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Murder They Wrote: The Death of D.D. Palmer and Its Aftermath ROLF E. PETERS and MARY ANN CHANCE ABSTRACT: D.D. Palmer, the discoverer of chiropractic, who died 80 years ago, on 20 October 1 91 3, is briefly remembered. In the aftermath of his death, his son B.J. Palmer was accused of premeditated, intentional and malicious patricide, and a suit was pressed by the owners of a rival chiropractic school and the legal counsel of a rival chiropractic trade association. The case was thrown out of court three times, and the perpetrators of the suits were warned by the Grand Jury that another appearance before them would bring an investigation into their motives for possible indictment for a criminal offence. As the allegations of patricide tend to reappear intermittently, a retelling of B.J. Palmer's defence is presented to acquaint a new generation of chiropractors with the events of that time. INDEXTERMS: MeSH: chiropractic/history; historical arti• cle; history of medicine, 20th century. Other; history of chiropractic. ChiroprJ Aust 1993; 23:143-8 D.D. Palmer, the discoverer of chiropractic, passed world ever knew. I would not say that, because if I did I away at his home in Los Angeles on 20 October 1913, would be lying in my own heart. I did not believe that of him. He would not have me believe it of him. He was a according to a dispatch in a Chicago paper.' - Thus B.J. man who was too combative and too aggressive and too Palmer learned about the death of his father. The two much set in his own way to have anybody that knew him Palmers had not gotten along for many years, and this well to believe that of him. and he would take that rather situation worsened after B.J. bought out his father s asa weakness than as a word of praise in his favor. He was share in the Palmer School and Infirmary of Chiro• just an ordinary man. but endowed in a great many ways practic in 1906. In fact, D.D. made his wife promise that with extraordinary faculties, keen perception, and with a B.J. would not attend the funeral' great many ways of the people whom we call Yankees. Memorial services were held atthe Palmer School of Dr Hender mentioned that the news of the death had Chiropractic in Davenport on Wednesday morning. 22 come rather abruptly, and that telegrams had been sent October 1913.^ with Dr. A.B. Hender as master of to Mrs D.D. Palmer by B.J., the faculty, the freshmen, ceremonies. Reverend Weed, the first speaker, had junior and senior classes. Reverend J.J. Craven closed known D.D. since 1894. He recounted his own and his with a prayer and benediction."* family's experiences as patients of D.D., and that at D.D.'s request he had suggested three or four Greek terms from which D.D. chose chiropractic to name his new healing art. Howard Nutting, the second speaker, had been a close friend of the Palmers for many years. Being somewhat of a predestinarian, he believed that Dr. Palmer was created for the sole purpose of giving On 26 March 1914, an attempt was made to have B.J. chiropractic to the world, and that he lived long enough indicted by the Scott County (Iowa) Grand Jury on a to see it developed into a science, and from a science to a charge of (1) murder in the first degree, or (2) murder in philosophy. The last fime Nutting saw D.D., the last the second degree or manslaughter.' Records of the Dis• words D.D. said were, "I have but a short time to live. trict Court of Scott County, Criminal Appearance Doc• What time I have will be devoted to chiropractic." ket B, page 86, in State of Iowa vs. B.J. Palmer, filed 3 April 1914, show that the Grand Jury brought in a Con Murphy, the third speaker, had been a long• "No Bill."" time friend and legal adviser to D.D. Within his address, he painted this picture of D.D.: This prosecution had been initiated by Drs C.E. and G.L. Moyer, owners of the rival Universal College of We have not come here to palaver and say that Dr Palmer Chiropractic (UCC), Dr George M. Otto, business was one of the greatest and wisest and best men that the manager of the UCC, and their attorney. Colonel Sol Long, who was also the attorney of the International Chiropractic Association (not connected with today's Rolf E. Peters. BSc. DC, FICC Mary Ann Chance. DC. FICC International Chiropractors Association), a rival Editors organisation to B.J. Palmer's Universal Chiropractors Chiropractic Journal of Australia Association. Chiropractic Journal of Australia Volume 23 Number 4 December 1993 143 MURDER THEY WROTE PETERS • CHANCE The prosecution's case was based on:' • Frank P. Lindsay, MD, stated,"... I saw the machine brush him aside ... I wouldn't say that it struck 1. A letter written by T.J. Palmer to the Prosecuting him..." Attorney of Scott County. Davenport, Iowa, stating, "I am the brother of Dr. D.D. Palmer whose death • Ralph B. Cass: "B.J. Palmer ... ran into D.D. Pal• occurred October 20,1913, at Los Angeles, Califor• mer ... pushed Dr Palmer to the curb ..." nia, from a blow given him on the streets of Daven• • Fenelon Leonard: "... I did not witness the injury to port, Iowa, by an automobile directed by his son B.J. D.D. Palmer by an automobile run or directed by ^almer premeditatedly. intentionally and malici• his son, B.J. Palmer. If anybody says I did. it is ously, / am informed by persons who witnessed the false." act... (emphasis added) As only one person tesfified to having seen an accident, 2. A letter written by Dr. M.R. McBurney, the physi• and was not corroborated by other witnesses, the Grand cian who signed the death certificate, addressed to Jury brought in a "No Bill." C.E. Moyer, in direct reply to a letter from Moyer to But what brought all this on? Mrs D.D. Palmer, stating,"... the line of evidence as to the intention on the part of the automobile driver During the 1913 conference of the Universal you will be able to take up at the other end of the Chiropractors Association, a parade was held on 27 line August on Brady Street, proceeding from the school downhill to Third Street. The parade was to be led by the 3. An affidavit by one Ralph B. Cass of Bainbridge, United States flag, then the PSC and UCA flags, Chenango County, New York, stating,"... that on or followed by an auto set aside for D.D. to ride in. He about the 29th day of August, 1913,1 was in the City refused to ride, and said he was going to walk at the head of Davenport... I saw Mr B.J. Palmer coming down of the parade, ahead of the flags. Following this car was the street in his automobile ... hitting him (D.D.) a car reserved for Lieutenant Governor Morris, and continuing to shove him towards the curbing... National Counsel for the UCA, and B.J. Palmer.'" If appeared to me that Dr D.D. Palmer being hit as he was and as hard as he was by the automobile must have Otto's Band followed, with faculty vehicles behind, been thrown to the ground and run over. He. Dr D.D. then the flag-bearers of the nations represented at Palmer was very excited and stated as he startedfor his the conference, and the UCA members in state house. 7 am going to call up the police and see if I groupings. can have protection, as I am afraid of my life.' In a sworn deposition, R.C. Smith, the marshall of (emphasis added) the parade stated: 4. An affidavit by George M. Otto of Wausau, ...As I was lining up the marchers I noticed Dr D.D. Marathon County, Wisconsin (who in 1913 was Palmer was attempting to lead the parade and I went up business manager of the UCC), stating, "... that on to him and taking him by the arm stopped him and or about the 29th of August 1913 ... he received a attempted to lead up the street, saying, "this will be a long phone call from D.D. Palmer, who requested that walk tjefore we return and you will be very tired and it will Dr C.E. Moyer and myself call upon him ... Dr be better for you to go up and get into one of the Faculty Palmer said in substance ... he hit me in the back autos and ride, taking it easy, and let us young fellows do the walking," or words of similar import. This apparently with the automobile, and then forced me to the curb pleased him for the moment, but in an instant he broke with the machine..."' oose from me and said—"D—n the faculty, I'm going to 5. A letter by Dr Krudop stating. "... that he had been lead this parade." He became very abusive and I led him called to the bedside of the late Dr D.D. Palmer ... over to the sidewalk from the center of the street. In a few found him suffering from the effect of some violent minutes he made another effort to lead the parade, but I cause, said by the late Dr D.D. Palmer to have made him desist, but as I stepped up to the band of musicians to start the parade I noticed that Dr B.J.