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A Comparison Op Nonwoven and Woven Blankets For A comparison of nonwoven and woven blankets for serviceability and appearance characteristics Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Chitwood, Marjorie Lucille, 1944- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 00:16:05 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318612 A COMPARISON OP NONWOVEN AND WOVEN BLANKETS FOR SERVICEABILITY AND APPEARANCE CHARACTERISTICS by Marjorie Chitwood A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the SCHOOL OF HOME ECONOMICS In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 6 7 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library0 Brief quotations from this thesis,are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is madeo Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship6 In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author* SIGNED: APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: Pauline P. Hall j/y Date Associate Professor of Home Economics ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express sincere appreciation and gratitude to Dro Pauline Hall, who has assisted her and given her helpful guidance in conducting this study0 Her personal interest and encouragement were always welcomed<, Additional acknowledgments are due to Miss Ruth Allen, Miss Helen Church, and Mrs, Mildred Jensen for their assistance with the subjective test; to Dr, Robert Kuehl, for his assistance with the statistical data; and to Miss Rose Marie MiekeIson, for her constant advice, support, and encouragement, TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page LIST OF TABLES © « © © © © © © © © © © * © © © © © © © © © vi ABSTRACT . © © © © © © © © © '© © © © © © ©, © © © © © © ©' vii I© INTRODUCTION , © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 1 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 5 Development of Nonwoven Fabrics , © © © © © © © © © © © 5 Fibers Used © © © » © © © © © © © « © © © © © © © © © © 6 Nonwoven Construction Methods © © © © © © © © © © © © © 8 Study of the Needle Punch Process © © © © © © © © © © © 11 Development © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 11 Process» © © © © © © © « © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 13 Modifications and Finishes © © © © © © © , © © © © © 17 Advantages and Uses© © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 18 / Improvements Needed and the Future © © © © © © © © © 19 III , PROCEDURE © © © © © © , » © © a © © © © © © © © © © © © o © 22 Description of Samples © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 22 Trea tment « © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 24 Laundering Conditions © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 24 Drying Conditions © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 25 Testa Conducted . © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 26 " Methods of Treatirig Results © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 28 IV© RESULTS AND DISCUSSION © ©©©©©© © © © © © © © © © © © 30 Washing Observations by Author © © © © © © © © © © © © © 30 Dimensional Stability . © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 32 Generalizations for Each Blanket . © © © © © © © © © 35 Lof t . © o ' © o o o o o 6.0©. boo © o o o © © o o © o o 36 Strength© © © © © © © © © © © , © © © © © © © © © © © © 38 Lengthwise © ©, © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 38 Crosswise© © © © © «» © » © © © ©. © © © © © © © © © © 40 Elongation > © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 42 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page Stiffness . » , . ■ . '• » » « « « „ „ « « » » « . 0 43 Blanket One. ......... .. * . .............. 43 Blanket T w o . » .« <, «, «, « . , o • o » « e o = 44 Blanket Three. 0 „ * , o . « e > o » o « <, . 0 o « 45 Blanket Four ..:•• • o, o', o.- . • . 46 Blanket Five . » . « . « . „ . 47 Blanket Trends by Fiber Composition Groups «, e , , 47 Drying Condition Trends. » . » » 48 Blanket Construction Trends, o «, . 48 Appearance and Hand . 49 Generalizations for Each Blanket . 53 V 6 CONCLUSIONS. e e . 55, APPENDICES A * » o o 6 o o O e o o o o o 6 o o o o o o o o o o o 6 58 B o o o 6 o o o o o d o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O' 61 C . o o o e d e o o o o o o o.e . o o o o o d o o' e 6 2 t D . i . o d . , , . , . O O . O O . d . O O 64 REFERENCES . © » « © o © © © © © © © ©, © © © © © © © © © 65 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1» ’ Lint Collection of Blankets After Laundering and Dryinge 0 30 2» Amount of Shrinkage, in Blankets After Various Cleaning Treatments », o ■ o @ @ @ » -o, • ©: & © © © ^ © © © © © © © © © © © 33 3. Averages of Weights and Thicknesses of Blankets After Laundering and Drying© © © • © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 37 4© Analysis of Variance for Strength in Blankets After Laundering and Drying„ © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 39 5• Means in Pounds for Strength in Blankets After Laundering and Drying © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 41 6 © Elongation Averages for Blankets Af ter Laundering and Drying © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 43 7 © Ratings for Subjective Test by the, Panel for Blankets Before and After Cleaning Treatments © © © © © © © © © © © 50 ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine whether differences exist in the.serviceability and hand characteristics of woven and nonwoven blankets before and after laundering and two types of drying conditions, . line and tumble dried. The importance for this study is seen from the large and growing influence nonwoven products have today on the consumer market. : Five blankets of varying construction and fiber content were tested for dimensional stability, loft, strength, stiffness, and appearance and hand characteristics. Conclusions from these tests were that there are differences between nonwoven and woven blankets. The best condition for care in this study was found to be line drying for the acrylic blankets, regardless of construction, and for the 88% rayon/ 12% acrylic woven blanket. The 94% rayon/6% acrylic blankets when tumble dried had their, most favorable results. All the woven blankets had their best results when line dried, while the nonwoven constructed blankets varied between line and tumble drying, depending on the fiber content. The author concluded that perhaps woven blankets are the best purchase for the consumer even though they are more expensive, and their care conditions should include line drying. Chapter I INTRODUCTION For -hundreds of. years the main ways of producing textile materials have been by interlacing threads in weaving, knitting, braiding, and similar processes (16), Felting of wool, where the fibers become entangled and interlocked because of the structure of wool and other hair fibers, was the only exception. Around the turn of the century, the needle punch process was developed and it added a new category to fabric making (9), This and the other methods of' producing nonwovens made it possible to produce a fabric where no yarns were used. Today, nonwoven construction of fabrics is an area of primary interest (16)0 Textile technologists are looking for ways to simplify and.speed up fabric construction processes. The needle punch process, which might be the answer, is in the beginning stages of its potential ' '' ' ' use (23). With this process, it might be possible to produce new products or products with improved properties at a lower cost than regular fabric production (27). The process is one of entangling fibers to such a degree that the friction between fibers is sufficient to hold the structure together and create a fabric (23). The growing popularity in this type of fabric is seen in the demand for needle felting machines, and new developments are being made in this area to 2 obtain machinery which will produce better nonwoven materials (6). Producers of synthetic fibers have long recognized the possibilities of needle felting for their products and have developed production techniques for needle felting man-made fibers from fabric formation through the finishing treatment of the fabric. Dr. Alexander Smith (3), the developer of the present needle punch method, trademarked as Fiberwoven, stated the following characteristics for woven and nonwoven fabrics, and his Fiberwoven process: Usually fibers are twisted in yarn. When an ordinary piece of cloth is put under stress...the fibers by virtue of their arrangement are pressed together and friction between them increases and the fabric has strength. When the fabric is relaxed, the fibers are not pressed together, there is little friction between fibers and the fabric has a soft hand. In bonded fabrics--commonly referred to as nonwovens-- fibers are held together with an adhesive or resin, the adhesive bond exists not only when the structure is under stress, but also when the fabric is relaxed. Because of this, a bonded fabric tends to have paper-like stiffness. Fiberwoven fabric is not an adhesive bonded structure. Just as in conventional fabrics woven
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