A.R. Wallace in the Light of Historical Method
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Bloomsbury Scientists Ii Iii
i Bloomsbury Scientists ii iii Bloomsbury Scientists Science and Art in the Wake of Darwin Michael Boulter iv First published in 2017 by UCL Press University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT Available to download free: www.ucl.ac.uk/ ucl- press Text © Michael Boulter, 2017 Images courtesy of Michael Boulter, 2017 A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Non-derivative 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work for personal and non-commercial use providing author and publisher attribution is clearly stated. Attribution should include the following information: Michael Boulter, Bloomsbury Scientists. London, UCL Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.14324/111.9781787350045 Further details about Creative Commons licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 006- 9 (hbk) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 005- 2 (pbk) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 004- 5 (PDF) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 007- 6 (epub) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 008- 3 (mobi) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 009- 0 (html) DOI: https:// doi.org/ 10.14324/ 111.9781787350045 v In memory of W. G. Chaloner FRS, 1928– 2016, lecturer in palaeobotany at UCL, 1956– 72 vi vii Acknowledgements My old writing style was strongly controlled by the measured precision of my scientific discipline, evolutionary biology. It was a habit that I tried to break while working on this project, with its speculations and opinions, let alone dubious data. But my old practices of scientific rigour intentionally stopped personalities and feeling showing through. -
Transformations of Lamarckism Vienna Series in Theoretical Biology Gerd B
Transformations of Lamarckism Vienna Series in Theoretical Biology Gerd B. M ü ller, G ü nter P. Wagner, and Werner Callebaut, editors The Evolution of Cognition , edited by Cecilia Heyes and Ludwig Huber, 2000 Origination of Organismal Form: Beyond the Gene in Development and Evolutionary Biology , edited by Gerd B. M ü ller and Stuart A. Newman, 2003 Environment, Development, and Evolution: Toward a Synthesis , edited by Brian K. Hall, Roy D. Pearson, and Gerd B. M ü ller, 2004 Evolution of Communication Systems: A Comparative Approach , edited by D. Kimbrough Oller and Ulrike Griebel, 2004 Modularity: Understanding the Development and Evolution of Natural Complex Systems , edited by Werner Callebaut and Diego Rasskin-Gutman, 2005 Compositional Evolution: The Impact of Sex, Symbiosis, and Modularity on the Gradualist Framework of Evolution , by Richard A. Watson, 2006 Biological Emergences: Evolution by Natural Experiment , by Robert G. B. Reid, 2007 Modeling Biology: Structure, Behaviors, Evolution , edited by Manfred D. Laubichler and Gerd B. M ü ller, 2007 Evolution of Communicative Flexibility: Complexity, Creativity, and Adaptability in Human and Animal Communication , edited by Kimbrough D. Oller and Ulrike Griebel, 2008 Functions in Biological and Artifi cial Worlds: Comparative Philosophical Perspectives , edited by Ulrich Krohs and Peter Kroes, 2009 Cognitive Biology: Evolutionary and Developmental Perspectives on Mind, Brain, and Behavior , edited by Luca Tommasi, Mary A. Peterson, and Lynn Nadel, 2009 Innovation in Cultural Systems: Contributions from Evolutionary Anthropology , edited by Michael J. O ’ Brien and Stephen J. Shennan, 2010 The Major Transitions in Evolution Revisited , edited by Brett Calcott and Kim Sterelny, 2011 Transformations of Lamarckism: From Subtle Fluids to Molecular Biology , edited by Snait B. -
King's Research Portal
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by King's Research Portal King’s Research Portal DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2017.07.002 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication record in King's Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Manias, C. (2017). Progress in Life’s History: Linking Darwinism and Palaeontology in Britain, 1860-1914. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2017.07.002 Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognize and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. •Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. •You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain •You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. -
Can Scientific Discovery Be a Religious Experience?
Institute of Advanced Insights Study CanCan ScientificScientific DiscoDiscoveveryry BeBe aa RReligiouseligious Experience?Experience? John Hedley Brooke Volume 1 2008 Number 2 ISSN 1756-2074 Institute of Advanced Study Insights About Insights Insights captures the ideas and work-in-progress of the Fellows of the Institute of Advanced Study at Durham University. Up to twenty distinguished and ‘fast-track’ Fellows reside at the IAS in any academic year. They are world-class scholars who come to Durham to participate in a variety of events around a core inter-disciplinary theme, which changes from year to year. Each theme inspires a new series of Insights, and these are listed in the inside back cover of each issue. These short papers take the form of thought experiments, summaries of research findings, theoretical statements, original reviews, and occasionally more fully worked treatises. Every fellow who visits the IAS is asked to write for this series. The Directors of the IAS – Ash Amin, Michael O’Neill, Susan J. Smith and James Stirling – also invite submissions from others involved in the themes, events and activities of the IAS. About the Institute of Advanced Study The Institute of Advanced Study, launched in October 2006 to commemorate Durham University’s 175th Anniversary, is a flagship project reaffirming the value of ideas and the public role of universities. The Institute aims to cultivate new thinking on ideas that might change the world, through unconstrained dialogue between the disciplines as well as interaction between scholars, intellectuals and public figures of world standing from a variety of backgrounds and countries. The Durham IAS is one of only a handful of comparable institutions in the world that incorporates the Sciences, Social Sciences, the Arts and the Humanities. -
Illuminating Our World: an Essay on the Unraveling of the Species Problem, with Assistance from a Barnacle and a Goose
Humanities 2012, 1, 145–165; doi:10.3390/h1030145 OPEN ACCESS humanities ISSN 2076-0787 www.mdpi.com/journal/humanities Article Illuminating our World: An Essay on the Unraveling of the Species Problem, with Assistance from a Barnacle and a Goose John Buckeridge * and Rob Watts Earth & Oceanic Systems Group, RMIT University, Melbourne, GPO Box 2476, Australia * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-399-252-009. Received: 18 July 2012; in revised form: 27 September 2012 / Accepted: 8 October 2012 / Published: 15 October 2012 Abstract: In order to plan for the future, we must understand the past. This paper investigates the manner in which both naturalists and the wider community view one of the most intriguing of all questions: what makes a species special? Consideration is given to the essentialist view—a rigid perspective and ancient, Aristotelian perspective—that all organisms are fixed in form and nature. In the middle of the 19th century, Charles Darwin changed this by showing that species are indeed mutable, even humans. Advances in genetics have reinforced the unbroken continuum between taxa, a feature long understood by palaeontologists; but irrespective of this, we have persisted in utilizing the ‗species concept‘—a mechanism employed primarily to understand and to manipulate the world around us. The vehicles used to illustrate this journey in perception are the barnacle goose (a bird), and the goose barnacle (a crustacean). The journey of these two has been entwined since antiquity—in folklore, religion, diet and even science. Keywords: species concept; organic evolution; history of biology; goose barnacles; barnacle geese; Aristotle; Charles Darwin; Linnaeus 1. -
Life of Alfred Newton. by AFR Wollaston. I Vol., 8Vo
WVEW5 Life of Alfred Newton. By A. F. R. Wollaston. i Vol., 8vo, pp. 332 and 5 illustrations. John Murray, London. 1921: 18s. net. ALFRED NEWTON died on June 7th, 1907, and two years later Mr. A. F, R. Wollaston, one of his old pupils, was invited to write a " Life " of the Professor. The task of searching through Newton's voluminous correspondence proved to be a work of several months, and after that Mr. Wollaston was unavoidably occupied in New Guinea for a term of years. During his absence from England—and later during the war when he gave his services to the Navy- he made attempts to induce others to complete the " Life," but without success. It so happens that I was one of those who was thus approached in Mr. Wollaston's absence, and the whole of his manuscript was unreservedly handed over to me in May 1919. A glance was enough to show me that this was no rough sketch which I was called upon to work up but that it was an unfinished picture to which only the original artist could put the finishing touches. On Mr. Wollaston*s release from his Naval duties in January 1920 I promptly approached him on the subject, and, whether my persuasion was, or was not, the final factor which induced him to resume his labours, he agreed to complete the work which he had so diligently undertaken. I mention these facts not only because I congratulate myself for being in any way responsible for Mr. Wollaston's completion of the "Life," but also because they show in what a peculiar position I now find myself when called upon to review his work. -
Back Matter (PDF)
[ 403 1 INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. S e r ie s A, V ol. 195. A. A dams (F. D.) and N icolson (J. T.). An Experimental Investigation into the Flow of Marble, 363. Annealing in Lead and other Metals (E wing and Rosenhain), 279. 13. u Bidifferentials ” and u Bifunctions ” (D ixon), 151. C. Cathode rays, absorption and ionizing power (McL ennan), 49. Conductivity of Gases traversed by cathode rays (M cLennan), 49. Correlation, determination of, when variables are not quantitatively measurable (Pearson), 1 . Crystalline structure of metals (E wing and Roseniiaix), 279. D. Dixon (A. C.). On Simultaneous Partial Differential Equations, 151. E. Equations, simultaneous partial differential (D ixon), 151. Evolution, mathematical contributions to the theory of (P earson), 1 ; (P earson and Lee) 79. E wing- (J. A.) and Rosenhain (W.). The Crystalline Structure of Metals (Second Paper), 279. Eye-colour in man, inheritance of (P earson and Lee), 79. F. * F ourier’s double integrals and optical problems (Godfrey), 329. G. Godfrey (Charles). On the Application of Fourier’s Double Integrals to Optical Problems, 329. 3 F 2 404 INDEX. H. H ay (Alfred). See H kle-Shaw and H ay. H ele-Shaw (H. S.) and IIay (Alfred). Lines of Induction in a Magnetic Field, 303. Heredity—inheritance of characters not capable of exact measurement (P earson and Lee), 79 ; rate of production of exceptional offspring by exceptional stock (P earson), 1. Horse, thoroughbred—inheritance of coat-colour (P earson and Lee), 79. T. Induction, lines of, in magnetic field (H ele-Shaw and H ay), 303. -
Edward Blyth, Charles Darwin, and the Animal Trade in Nineteenth-Century India and Britain
Journal of the History of Biology 30: 145±178, 1997. 145 c 1997 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Edward Blyth, Charles Darwin, and the Animal Trade in Nineteenth-Century India and Britain CHRISTINE BRANDON-JONES 11 York Road London SW11 3PX England Introduction Early professionals in the natural sciences found great dif®culty in establish- ing their social level and a steady income.1 The pursuit of science ± unlike other professions, such as law or medicine ± did not overcome low status, nor did it confer high status. Naturalists also differed from other professionals in that their profession did not usually generate income through fees: they required salaried employment, which in itself diminished their social standing. There was still the assumption that scientists were gentlemen of independent income. This resulted in the pitiful salaries that forced practitioners to take on more than one position, or to accept socially degrading side employment. Many naturalists, such as William Swainson, Alfred Russel Wallace, Henry Bates, John Gould, and Edward Blyth, found it necessary to supplement a scanty income with mercantile activities. Victorian society generally frowned on such activities and they could be easily held against a social marginal scien- tist on his uppers. This state of affairs led Edward Forbes to complain bitterly: ªPeople without independence have no business to meddle with science. It should never be linked with lucre.º2 This paper will illustrate the problems faced by early professional natural- ists, and the way in which they were forced to make a living, by examining the animal trading of the zoologist Edward Blyth, curator of the museum of 1 David Elliston Allen, ªThe Early Professionals in British Natural History,º in From Lin- naeus to Darwin: Commentaries on the History of Biology and Geology, ed. -
A Short History of Our Department
LONDON’S GLOBAL UNIVERSITY Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment A short history of our department The department was formed during the recent reorganisation of the Faculty of Life Sciences that brought together scientists with shared interests in biology, genetics, environmental and evolutionary biology who had previously been scattered among a variety of distinct departments. It traces its origins to the now extinct Department of Comparative Anatomy, founded in 1826, and the first in Britain to offer a Zoology degree. It also incorporates the Galton Laboratory, the first institution in the world to study human genetics as a science and previously named Departments of Biology, Botany, Genetics & Biometry, Microbiology and Zoology. Some great figures of the past have been associated with the Department - whose main building stands on the site of Charles Darwin's home, on Gower Street. They include Robert Grant (who taught Darwin in Edinburgh and whose extraordinary collection of animal specimens are now held in the Grant Museum), Sir Francis Galton (Darwin's cousin, and the founder of the modern study of human genetics and - less creditably - of eugenics, whose legacy helped establish the Galton Laboratory). Its early members included Karl Pearson and R A Fisher (jointly the founders of modern statistical science), J B S Haldane (the eccentric genius who worked on submarine escape methods and helped to place the theory of evolution on a mathematical basis), and F R Weldon, who carried out the earliest experimental studies on natural selection in action. Later, the Nobel Prize winner, Sir Peter Medawar, who worked out the genetics of tissue recognition and was central to the development of organ transplantation. -
History of Genetics Book Collection Catalogue
History of Genetics Book Collection Catalogue Below is a list of the History of Genetics Book Collection held at the John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK. For all enquires please contact Mike Ambrose [email protected] +44(0)1603 450630 Collection List Symposium der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Hygiene und Mikrobiologie Stuttgart Gustav Fischer 1978 A69516944 BOOK-HG HG œ.00 15/10/1996 5th international congress on tropical agriculture 28-31 July 1930 Brussels Imprimerie Industrielle et Finangiere 1930 A6645004483 œ.00 30/3/1994 7th International Chromosome Conference Oxford Oxford 1980 A32887511 BOOK-HG HG œ.00 20/2/1991 7th International Chromosome Conference Oxford Oxford 1980 A44688257 BOOK-HG HG œ.00 26/6/1992 17th international agricultural congress 1937 1937 A6646004482 œ.00 30/3/1994 19th century science a selection of original texts 155111165910402 œ14.95 13/2/2001 150 years of the State Nikitsky Botanical Garden bollection of scientific papers. vol.37 Moscow "Kolos" 1964 A41781244 BOOK-HG HG œ.00 15/10/1996 Haldane John Burdon Sanderson 1892-1964 A banned broadcast and other essays London Chatto and Windus 1946 A10697655 BOOK-HG HG œ.00 15/10/1996 Matsuura Hajime A bibliographical monograph on plant genetics (genic analysis) 1900-1929 Sapporo Hokkaido Imperial University 1933 A47059786 BOOK-HG HG œ.00 15/10/1996 Hoppe Alfred John A bibliography of the writings of Samuel Butler (author of "erewhon") and of writings about him with some letters from Samuel Butler to the Rev. F. G. Fleay, now first published London The Bookman's Journal -
The Darwinian Revolution: Rethinking Its Meaning and Significance
The Darwinian revolution: Rethinking its meaning and significance Michael Ruse1 Department of Philosophy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 The Darwinian revolution is generally taken to be one of the key (a perhaps undeserved) reputation of a 3-h sermon by a Pres- events in the history of Western science. In recent years, however, byterian minister on a wet Sunday in Scotland. the very notion of a scientific revolution has come under attack, Against this, however, one can point out that the history of and in the specific case of Charles Darwin and his Origin of Species science as a professional discipline is little more than 50 years old there are serious questions about the nature of the change (if there and that you have to start somewhere. In the case of Darwin, was such) and the specifically Darwinian input. This article consid- even 30 years ago there was no real synthesis. The tragedy would ers these issues by addressing these questions: Was there a have been if historians of science had stopped there and gone no Darwinian revolution? That is, was there a revolution at all? Was further. But this is clearly not true. In the past 30 years or more, there a Darwinian revolution? That is, what was the specific staying just with the history of evolutionary thinking, there has contribution of Charles Darwin? Was there a Darwinian revolu- been a huge amount of work on people before and after Darwin, tion? That is, what was the conceptual nature of what occurred on and on his contemporaries like Thomas Henry Huxley [for and around the publication of the Origin? I argue that there was instance, Desmond (4)]. -
AMNH Digital Library
#,<s^ s'jji"^ / b V«<r '^n iti«s '^v^ k-^ \ »^*i>s>«4lk>j itnw jL-»>' f'TOMi v»- ^oaSW ' fe'3*'*>«l. Voyage through the heart of the Highlands. Discover a seldom-seen Scotland. There's the Scotland mostpeople get to see and there's the Scotlandfew get to see. Now you can experience the authentic Highlands exclusively with Lindblad Expeditions on a unique journey by ship and rail. Heart of the Highlands traverses Scotland in yacht style via lakes, lochs and the scenic Caledonian Canal — from the North Sea to the Atlantic. As the name implies, you travel through the hauntingly dramatic region of rolling hOs, vast sweeps of moorland, lochs and stately castles that means "Scotland" for most connoisseurs. The yacht-scale of the deluxe 54-guest Lord of the G/^/zy navigates the many size-limiting lochs Scotland is famous for — from Neptune's Staircase to the infamous Loch Ness — enabling us to see the Highlands from a remarkable vantage point few have experienced. With teak decks, richly waxed interiors, fine cuisine and personal service, the Lord of the 6"/^;^ provides a satisfying experience in and of itself. Add one of the world's classic touring trains. The Royal Scotsman, to your experience for a return to Edwardian era levels of travel and a modern exercise in comfort — with gourmet cuisine, fine wines, elegant accommodations and above all, exceptional scenery. The combination of Lord of the Glens and the Royal Scotsman makes this a rare, rewarding and completely new way to experience one of the most intimate of all the possible "Scotlands." We look forward to discovering the hidden Highlands with you! Lindblad Sven-OlofLindblad Expeditions Visit our web site at www.expeditions.com/2explore or complete the attached reply card to enter to win a free trip for two to any destination in our new brochure: Explorations 2002-2003.