Data Appendix B: Articles used for the coding process In this document, I have bundled the articles used as input for the coding process in Atlas.Ti. I have bundled interviews with CEOs and rotating chairmen, articles from U.S. based technology websites and articles from Chinese based technology websites. I started the data collection process by looking up trustworthy and popular U.S. based technology websites using Detailed.com and Get.Tech. Following the most popular website mentioned on Detailed.com – TheVerge – I started browsing to this website and I subsequently entered the key search terms as mentioned in the Thesis document. I scanned articles that either discussed Huawei’s platform expulsion from the Android platform or Huawei’s competitive response following the ban. When articles referred to other websites, I used mediabiasfactcheck.com as a tool to judge the objectivity of reporting of the respective websites. For example, this article of TheVerge contains the original source from , so I used mediabiasfactcheck.com to ensure that the original Reuters source was of high quality. Using this website, I found that Reuters scored very high on “Factual Reporting” and is considered one of the “least biased” websites. However, not all websites listed below could be found on mediabiasfactcheck.com, so I aimed to triangulate the data of sources by using multiple data sources that covered the same topic but described it from a different perspective. For example, most Chinese sources could not be traced by mediabiasfactcheck.com and in general, it is very hard to find if Chinese sources are trustworthy and of high quality. Therefore, I aimed to counter the Chinese articles that did not show up on mediabiasfactcheck.com with U.S. based articles that covered the same topic but that were listed on Detailed.com or Get.Tech or that were deemed as trustworthy by mediabiasfactcheck.com. Moreover, some Chinese sources such as the South Morning Post scored rather low on the “Factual Reporting” criterium, with a tendency have a pro-China reporting style. Being aware of the possibility of a pro-China article, I aimed to lessen the bias that such an article would have on my data set by balancing the set of articles that covered the Huawei case from a Chinese perspective with an evenly large set of articles that covered the case from a Western perspective. Through aiming to find linkages between both sets of articles, I tried to counter the bias that some articles would inherently have. After having sourced the articles listed below, I started the data analysis process by scanning the documents through the lens of my research question “How does a sudden platform closure by a powerful platform owner affect a firm and its value net?”. This way, I focused my attention on paragraphs or sentences that discussed either Huawei’s ban from the Android platform, the implications of such a ban for Huawei and its partners, and Huawei’s responses to this ban. I highlighted the important passages. After having read the articles and having highlighted the important passages, I imported the documents to Atlas.Ti and started the actual coding process. Please refer to Appendix XXX for an overview of the data structure, which contains the first-order items, the second order constructs and the aggregate level constructs of the coding process. The data structure as provided in Appendix XXX served as the input for the results chapter of the thesis.

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CEO INTERVIEWS

Cutress, I. (2019, September 23). Huawei CEO Richard Yu Q&A: “Politicians are Playing Games. Retrieved, April 27th, 2020, from: https://www.anandtech.com/show/14896/huawei-ceo-richard-yu- qa-politicians-are-playing-games

Huawei CEO Richard Yu Q&A: Politicians are playing games As the world’s second largest manufacturer, the growth of Huawei over the last decade has been immense. Last year the company overtook Apple with smartphone unit sales, despite not being in the US market, by offering some of the best hardware and user experiences in a very competitive market. However, being placed on the US Entity List earlier this year has put a dent in that momentum, especially when it comes to talking about flagship . Huawei launched its new Mate 30 and Mate 30 Pro smartphones this week, without Play Store apps, with CEO Richard Yu committing over $1B to enhance the Huawei app ecosystem. After the launch event, Richard sat down with a group of press and took some questions.

Fighting With One Arm Tied Behind Its Back In recent years, it’s hard to underestimate the effect that Huawei has had on the smartphone industry. The company has two major annual releases: the Mate series brings the latest in chip technology to market, while the P series offset by six months takes the Mate design and puts best-in-class photography inside. Each iteration comes with enhancements to the core elements of the Huawei ethos: design, performance, and user experience. Huawei is everywhere, except the US.

The New Pro Being based in China, many individuals and users are sceptical about Huawei. The company says that it is 99% owned by its workforce – supposedly around 40% of its 190,000 employees have the equivalent of non-voting shares as part of a trade union, which translates into employee support and end-of-year bonuses, although these trade shares have zero voting power in a traditional sense - management takes the big decisions. Because the shares are technically owned by the union, they are non-transferable, and individuals cannot trade them - when employees leave the company, Huawei/the union buys back those shares for redistribution. Some people cite that Ren Zhengei, one of its founders, was a senior member of China’s ruling Communist Party, and that being in China means having to comply with its data laws and share information with the government. Huawei insists it is not controlled or even directed by the state, just that it complies with all local laws, no matter what the country.

Despite playing almost everywhere in the world in smartphones and telecommunications, this scepticism has kept Huawei smartphones out of the US market. The US government, even under the previous administration, saw Huawei as a threat, and its attempt to enter the market in a big way in Q1 2017 was scuppered. Despite not playing in the consumer market in the US, Huawei has a lot of business with American companies. Huawei uses the Google Android in its smartphones, and has been a leading partner in Android ecosystem development for a decade. Huawei uses Windows for its PC business. Huawei also has had extensive research facilities in the US under the Futurewei name, and deals with a good number of smaller companies. In Huawei’s own words, ‘we bring a lot of profit to US companies’.

All this came to a head earlier this year, when the current administration due to its tariff war with China, placed 80 companies including Huawei on an Entity List, barring any US company (or any company with product development in the US) to work with Huawei without a licence. Almost immediately Google and Microsoft had to cut off all contact with Huawei, and companies with extensive facilities in the US, such as Arm, had to re-examine its product portfolio to see what could and couldn’t be shared with Huawei. More than 100 companies have submitted requests for licences to

2 work with Huawei, however none of those submissions have been approved at this time, despite six months after the initial ban. This has put Huawei, and some US companies, in a bit of a pickle. Despite being as vertically integrated as possible, Huawei relies on several high-profile US companies and US operations in order to produce its products. By being unable to even communicate with Google on official terms places Huawei on the sidelines – open source only, with no way to licence Google services. With no way to work with companies like Microsoft on bug fixes or OS optimization, Huawei’s products could potentially stagnate, and US companies lose out on not only revenue but a strong technically minded powerhouse that has the ability to help improve both sides of the equation. To that end, Huawei has put its resources into overdrive: where it has been reliant on US companies in the past, Huawei is moving to become self-reliant, ultimately removing its connections from the US technology industry, probably to the detriment of the US. As a result, Huawei has been proactive in announcing initiatives such as HarmonyOS (Hongmeng OS), a unified platform to cover everything from to televisions. Huawei is putting $1B into its own version of the Play Store, known as the App Gallery, to encourage developers to port their apps under Huawei’s and SDKs. The sweetener there is that where Apple and Google take a 30% cut of all sales, Huawei will only take a 15% cut. Huawei is also expanding its AI efforts to more products, as well as the cloud. Unfortunately, HarmonyOS is ultimately not ready for prime-time in smartphones. Huawei’s representatives have been cagey about whether it is suitable for such devices, but in reality, it just isn’t ready for that sort of scale. As a result, for its smartphones, Huawei is turning to the open-source version of Google Android, known as AOSP (Android Open Source Project). At this level, Huawei does not need to interact with Google, but it does not get access to certain Google Services, like the Play Store, because it can’t license them due to the US issue. Roll forward to September 19th, and Huawei announces its first major product that is feeling the impact of this ban: the Mate 30 and Mate 30 Pro smartphones. The worldwide launch for the devices occurred in , where the company has launched the Mate series for the last few years. Huawei CEO of the Consumer Business Group, Richard Yu, spoke for 88 minutes about the new hardware and the innovative user experience that the devices offer, and then two minutes about not having Google apps as well as the Huawei app ecosystem.

The key element here is the use of GMS, or . The GMS library forms a key part of certain Android apps, such as Maps, Docs, , Search, YouTube, Play Store, Drive, and Photos. Huawei no-longer has access to GMS, and so instead suggests to users that most of these features can be accessed through the web. By contrast, Huawei has its own mobile services, or HMS, and it is this library that the company is encouraging developers to use, by dangling a high user install base, a higher percentage return, and Huawei’s investment. It was on these topics and more to which Huawei’s CEO, Richard Yu, was grilled on by the press for around 45 minutes after the Mate 30 and Mate 30 Pro presentations. We were one of about two dozen press sat in a side room after the main event. This was, we were told, Richard Yu’s only press session as part of the launch. As always with our interview transcriptions, the transcription has been tidied for readability and some questions may be rearranged to assist with topic consistency. Where possible, we have noted the journalist and publication that asked the question.

Q: Can you explain clearly which operating system will work on? A: This is . We use the Android Open Source Platform - consumer can download the apps they need from many app stores. Q: Why Wasn’t HarmonyOS used? A: This year we are still using AOSP. We want to support Google and our partnership with them. We want to continue to partner with US companies like Google. If we cannot work with these companies because of the US ban, then we will create our own solutions. HarmonyOS is ready for deployment in certain areas, but we have postponed it at this time because we still want to work with Google. I think that this US ban has destroyed this industry. It has split the industry - it is harmful for US companies.

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The smartphone as a product has no relationship with network infrastructure or backbone security. So why they are doing this – it is really difficult to understand why they are like this. “This US ban has destroyed this industry” Nirave Gondhia, TechnoBuffalo: With Huawei having zero interaction with Google, we no longer have Google-based applications. This will be a make-or-break deal with a number of potential customers outside of China. How will Huawei approach this? A: With Google apps - some of the apps are web-based, or you can download them from other channels, other app stores. Huawei will aim to provide alternative solutions for our users - we cannot install the GMS core, and so using Huawei HMS and Huawei App Gallery is our solution. From next month on, we will ship this to global market. Q: Specifically about the Store, can it be side loaded on the Mate 30 series? A: We recommend the Huawei App Gallery, or other stores. Some Google apps are on the App Gallery store, or on other stores. There are many stores, you can download apps from other stores. You cannot use Play Store [on the Mate 30 series], because it requires the GMS core which we cannot use. This is not good for Google, for their business – we have made a big contribution to US companies, and now that is all forbidden. That’s damaging to US companies. We [at Huawei] are very open and transparent.

Q: Which Google Apps will or will not work due to GMS? A: We hope that consumer can use Google’s apps. There are web versions [through the browser] that still work if users cannot load the applications. However for example, Google apps work on iOS because iOS has the GMS core support. Users might be able to download the GMS core themselves through other stores or third party websites. Some consumers can do that. Q: Will Huawei do anything to help people Google apps? Will sales people in stores help users? Or will software be installed to help others install Google apps? A: We cannot help our users to do it. The retailer might help the user, but not with help from Huawei. Q: Will the Mate 30 smartphones be preloaded with other app stores? A: [At the moment, only] Huawei App Gallery. We are discussing to make the other app stores on our phones also. We are looking to preinstall them, or offer them through our app gallery. They can also be side loaded. Q: If the issue with the US resolves in a positive way, how easy/difficult is it for Huawei to add Google services? A: Over one night. We can do it immediately. In the past years, we have made big contributions to the Android ecosystem. We are leading many of the innovations. We bring a lot of profit to US companies. Andy Boxall, Digital Trends: With regards the App Gallery - you've spoken before about partnerships and the $1b investment bringing developers. Can you explain how you are planning to expand the apps in the App Gallery? A: We are working with developers to implement applications with the HMS core, rather than GMS core. Today Google and Apple take 30% of their revenue, with the developer getting 70%. With Huawei, we only take 15% and give 85% to the app developer. Huawei only takes 15%. More revenue for the app developer means more profit, and we like that kind of encouragement. We have to do this - we were forced to this. I hope you can understand that. But the US government forced us, we have no other choice. It's not good for the US companies. Nirave Gondhia: Without the Play Store, it does hamper you slightly. What we've seen from other companies going this route is that there are only three big apps that most people care about: , Whatsapp, and Instagram. They are all managed by Facebook. Are you talking to Facebook about new apps for the App Gallery? A: Those apps will work with our phones. Can run those without GMS core.

Dr. Ian Cutress: For the past couple of generations, Huawei has locked down the boot loader to its new phones, which has stopped users from adjusting the device and modifying the OS. With these new developments and the lack of interaction with Google, will this policy of the locked boot loader continue?

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A: In the past we limited this feature to guarantee more security for the consumer. This time I think perhaps we need to give more freedom for the consumer. We are planning on the Mate 30 and Mate 30 Pro - consumers can do customization by themselves. Especially to download apps that they need from US companies. “We Bring a Lot of Profit to US Companies” Q: Huawei has showed great sales and revenue performance of the last couple of years. How will recent ban affect the sales of Mate 30 compared to previous devices? A: Inside China, sales will increase. Outside China, might decrease. The market is more competitive in China, but the China market will have strong demand and growth. We will sell in the global market, but for sure some market will be influenced by the change. From May, the US ban means Huawei’s retail sales dropped, but retail is now recovering quickly through Q3. I believe that this generation we can sell maybe more than 20 million units. This [the Mate 30 series] will be a very successful product, I do believe. Some consumers, even without Google apps, they love our products. We have influence, but the China market demand will be huge. Q: For the Mate 30 / Pro, Huawei has over the last 18-24 months in the EU worked with carriers to bring handsets to users. With these new developments, are we still going to see them sold by carriers? A: Yes. We still have good partnerships with carriers - they buy a lot of our products. That is because of the relationship, but more importantly the consumers love our products. [We have the] Best quality, the best user experience. That is why we still sell many products in the carrier channel. Fore example, our new P30 colors are selling very well. We have the 5T, and some other new products in before the Google ban. We bring them to the European global market and our consumer feedback is still very positive. The carriers need us, and they have trust and support. The users love Huawei.

Q: When the pricing up came up for the Mate 30 series, it was in Euros. Can you say which European countries these devices are coming to? A: We are planning to come to Europe from next month, step by step. We are still in the process and planning. Even without GMS core, and Google services, we still want to ship the AOSP version to our European consumers. Q: Can you confirm when Huawei Mate 30 series is coming to the rest of the world (Middle East / Latin America)? A: We are planning this. We cannot stop our business - our consumers love our products. Some products we don't need Google GMS, like the . Q: You have announced plans for the Mate 30 series to be released next month. Is there a chance there will be a delay? A: We are planning to ship these devices next month in APAC. For the EU market, we are planning for some markets in the next month, so we don’t expect any postponement to be too long. We are vetting the user experience across multiple regions, so countries can use the product. It's a flagship phone. I'm not humble - it's better than the other flagships!

“Huawei is a Bargaining Chip. We Follow All Local Laws.” Q: Do you consider the situation with the US as static, or are there changes ahead with the US relationship? A: It is a US-China issue, and Huawei is a bargaining chip for it. That’s not good. Some politicians are playing games and making a lot of noise – that is unfair to us. They relate us with China, but Huawei is a global company. We have operations in over 170 countries. We follow all local laws. Q: What are your personal feelings about the US issue? A: This kind of trade war is not good for two great nations. This is like a real war. It damages both sides. I do believe this war will finish sooner or later - I believe sooner rather than later. It is too big a damage for two great nations, and that is not good. “This is like a real war. It damages both sides”

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Q: During the presentation you covered the automation stuff around the home, such as using automation to turn on the TV, the vacuum, the lights. As far as we understand, that is mostly in the China market right now - are you bringing these features to other geographic regions? A: Yes, we are planning the ecosystem to the global markets. One example, the phone working with the car, and the ecosystem, is important for next year. For sure we are planning this. Our software already supports this. We need some time to deploy the cloud and do the IoT testing. We are working with some European partners and we already work with these people. We will deploy our AI engine and our AI solution and our HiLink home solution outside China to global market from next year. Even today, Huawei Vision is coming to the global market.

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Yantang, W. (2020, May 24). Record of 's latest 20,000-word interview: How much have we misread Huawei's position? Retrieved, May 28, 2020, from: http://www.p5w.net/weyt/201905/t20190524_2296431.htm

Record of Ren Zhengfei's latest 20,000-word interview: How much have we misread Huawei's position? The following is the full text of the interview published by the World Wide Web 2. "People's Daily": I want to ask a question about chips. I noticed that in an interview with Japanese media on the 18th, "Huawei does not need US chips, and Huawei is fine." A letter from Huawei to employees was screened. The letter stated that the company was confident and prepared. Where does Huawei ’s confidence come from and what preparations does it make? Ren Zhengfei: First, we always need American chips. American companies are now fulfilling their responsibilities to go to Washington to apply for approval. If the approval is passed, we still have to buy it or sell it (not only to buy but also to make it more advanced). Therefore, we will not exclude the United States, grow narrowly, and grow together. If there is a real shortage, we have no difficulty. Because we can manufacture all high-end chips. In peacetime, we always have a "1 + 1" policy. Half of us buy chips from American companies, and half use our own chips. Although the cost of my own chip is much lower, I still buy American chips at a high price because we cannot be isolated from the world and should be integrated into the world. The friendship between us and American companies has been formed for decades and cannot be destroyed by a single piece of paper. We still have to buy American devices on a large scale in the future, as long as it can get Washington's approval. The time is very rush now, it will be estimated that the batch will not be approved at one and a half, buffering is possible. If they can get approval, we will still maintain normal trade with American companies and jointly build a human information society instead of building an information society alone. The Japanese media is a bit extreme when sorting out manuscripts. We can make the same chips as the United States, which does not mean that we will not buy them. 3. Xinhua News Agency: You said that Huawei does not want to be a lone ranger and needs cooperation. Now it is mentioned that you can do both. Can I understand that the protectionism in the United States today will actually interrupt the global supply chain and make the entire market confused? Second, the United States has questioned Huawei's corporate governance, financial issues and other issues over the past period of time. What aspects of Huawei's voice do you think are opposed to Huawei? Why target Huawei? Ren Zhengfei: I really don't know what politicians think. I don't think we should be beaten because we are ahead of the United States, because 5G is not an atomic bomb, but it is for the benefit of human society. The capacity of 5G is 20 times that of 4G and 10,000 times that of 2G. The power consumption of each bit has been reduced by 10 times compared to 4G. The volume has been reduced to 1/3, which has decreased by 70%. 5G base stations are only a little bit larger, 20 kg, as big as a suitcase for filing documents, no tower is needed, and can be freely mounted on poles and hung on the wall; we also have corrosion-resistant materials that will not Corrosion, 5G can be installed in the sewer. This convenience is most suitable for Europe, which has very old urban areas and cannot install large iron towers like China. Of course, China's large iron towers are not wasteful, and 5G base stations can be hung on them. But no new towers are needed. Each station does not need a crane, etc., and the project cost can be reduced by 10,000 euros in Europe. Not only iron towers, the former base stations required cranes, and road closures were needed to drive them in. 5G base stations are now accessible by hand, so it is very simple. Second, the energy of 5G bandwidth is very large, it can provide a lot of high-definition content, and it is very simple to spread 8K TV. The propaganda says that the cost has been reduced by 10 times, in fact it can be reduced by 100 times, so that ordinary people can also watch high-definition television, and the culture will increase rapidly. The development of a country depends on culture, philosophy, and education. This is the basis for developing the country. Therefore, 5G changes a society, it also has a very short delay, which can be used for many things in industry.

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Does Mr. Dong care about the engine being knocked out? We are the edges of the wings may have holes, but at the core we are completely self-centered and really lead the world. The higher the end, the more "spare tires". Reporter: Do you think the international market order is disrupted? Ren Zhengfei: No. Europe will not follow it, and most American companies communicate with us very closely. 4. "Global Times": I just talked about the impact on Huawei. After seeing the letter from Hisilicon, I was very enthusiastic in terms of public opinion. Practitioners in the chip industry look at domestic chips in a more objective manner, including the gap between domestic core components and US and foreign companies. Where do you think Huawei's independent products and R & D have gone? Including what is mentioned in the letter, to ensure a continuous and uninterrupted supply next? Is there a tipping point and where is it located? Ren Zhengfei: Why not take a "cold shower"? I think the most important thing for us is to be calm and calm. The blood is boiling, the slogans are flying all over the sky, and it is useless to fight in the end. It is true to win in the end. We must first affirm that the depth and breadth of the United States in science and technology are worthy of our study. We still have a lot to lack, especially the products of some small companies in the United States are super cutting-edge. We just focused on our own industry and achieved the current lead, rather than aiming at the national level of the United States. As far as our company is compared with individual companies, we don't think there is much difference, but as far as our country is compared with the United States, the gap is still large. This has a lot to do with our economic bubble over the years. P2P, , finance, real estate, cottage products, etc. bubbles have made people's academic thoughts bubble. It takes decades to form a basic theory. If everyone does not take the theory seriously and screams, we will not be more powerful in decades. Therefore, we still have to do solid learning. 39. 36 氪: Which department is responsible for the operating system? Will it be open source and attract some developers to come in? Ren Zhengfei: I don't know which department is responsible. Let's try it. The technical difficulty of making an operating system is not great. The difficulty is ecology. How to build an ecology? This is a big thing, take your time. 40. "Interface": I went to the equity room yesterday. I was also shocked. The rights of Huawei and employees are highly bound. You only hold 1.4% and have only one veto right. Many founders now share the same rights or share more power. Your influence in Huawei is huge. What is the essence of the kernel? Ren Zhengfei: At the beginning of the year, we completed the voting and election of a new shareholding employee representative meeting. It took more than a year to prepare, and then a one- vote one-vote vote was made. After more than a year of brewing, why does society not know? I don't know why employees consciously keep it to such an extent. The elected representative of the stock- holding employee can no longer represent the stock. He is the representative, one person, one vote for the company's resolution. The votes on resolutions, and the executive board of directors operates daily operations under the authority of the board of directors. 41. "Pear Video": Mr. Ren has never used a veto power. Do you really want to use it at some moment, or is there any situation in the future where you can use a veto power? Ren Zhengfei: Originally, there was a deadline for my veto, and it was not necessary to be ready to expire, but when we passed the new charter, we encountered the Brexit incident. If we vote democratically like Brexit, we may let one The fate of the company is buried, so I retain a veto, and I will temporarily manage it. After some of our teams withdrew and the core elite team formed a small collective, I gave up my personal power and gave up the power to the core elite team of 7 people. When major problems occurred, they were rejected. Business matters Generally do not need to use.

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Huawei (2019, November 26). Ren Zhengfei’s Interview with CNN. Retrieved, May 12, 2020, from: https://www.huawei.com/en/facts/voices-of-huawei/ren-zhengfeis-interview-with-cnn

Ren Zhengfei's Interview with CNN 02 Kristie Lu Stout: Huawei has been under intense pressure from the US. And yet, your business is growing. You're selling more smartphones in China, and you're signing up new customers, new international carriers. Is this proof that Huawei will not be defeated by the US measures against it? Ren: Well, since day one, we have always been a strong supporter of globalization in our operations, so that we can serve the global community by collaborating across the global value chain. A long time ago, however, we realized that there would be all kinds of uncertainties and conflicts between the US and Huawei. We needed to be prepared, so that we wouldn't collapse and could be self-reliant when the US chose not to sell to us. Today, I can say that it won't be a problem for us to survive short term, but I'm concerned whether we will still be a global leader in three to five years. We will delve deep into this topic, and it has become part of our agenda. 03 Kristie Lu Stout: For example, can you maintain leadership in smartphones? Smartphone sales for Huawei are growing, but only in China. The Google app ban is really hurting your international sales. So would you be happy if Huawei became an only-in-China smartphone vendor? Ren: I don't think things will end up like that. If Huawei is clearly banned by the US from using Google's GMS ecosystem, we will have to put our own ecosystem into use. We believe that we will be able to build up our own global ecosystem within the next two to three years. Kristie Lu Stout: So you are confident that you would be able to have a global smartphone presence without Google, and without other companies that at the moment are still waiting for licenses to work with Huawei? Ren: We firmly embrace global supply chains. We welcome US companies to increase their supplies to Huawei, and will use their supplies wherever possible. This will ensure shared success between Huawei and US companies. If US companies are not allowed to supply their products to us, we have our alternatives. If those alternatives become mature and stable, I don't think it's very likely that we will go back to US companies. So it is now a critical moment for all of us. We hope the US government will take the best interests of US companies into consideration. Huawei's position has always been clear: We firmly embrace globalization. We don't want to close ourselves off by pursuing independent innovation and self- sufficiency. Nevertheless, we need to make preparations in case US companies don't supply components to us. We need to survive. Kristie Lu Stout: Does Huawei have a Plan B if Google is not going to get a license to work with you? Ren: Yes, we have a very big Plan B. Kristie Lu Stout: Have you heard definitively that Google did not get a license to work with you? Has Google been denied? Ren: We haven't heard anything about that yet. Kristie Lu Stout: Right now, Huawei is the No. 2 smartphone vendor in the world. Can Huawei become No. 1 without Google? Ren: I do not think we will have trouble achieving this, but it will take time. Kristie Lu Stout: Take time? How can you crack into the overseas market without Google? Ren: By taking time, I meant the overseas market, because we will start returning to the overseas market next year or the year after that. We are more than determined and capable of doing so. 05 Kristie Lu Stout: Let's talk about 5G. The US has been pressuring its allies, most recently, Canada, the UK, and Germany, not to work with Huawei on 5G. Do you think those countries are open to working with you? Kristie Lu Stout: The US Federal Communications Commission ruled against Huawei, from accessing the federal government's subsidy money, basically saying that they don't trust Huawei. As a result, rural carriers in America won't be able to tap into government funding to get Huawei to build out networks in rural areas. You plan to contest this. Why is it important to you and how do you plan to contest it?

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Ren: Huawei is a company, not a political entity. We aim to provide high-quality information services to humanity. With this ideal in mind, we work even in the toughest environments, such as high mountains, rainforests, and many remote areas in Africa. We are also quite willing to serve American customers. Years ago, we wanted to provide services to large carriers in the US. When this was impossible, we provided services to small carriers instead, to realize our value that way. In making this decision, the US government has failed in its duty to serve the American people. I think they will have to communicate with their people to address this. We are only a vendor and we don't get involved in solving conflicts. The US government has violated the spirit of the country's Constitution by ruling against Huawei instead of acting in the interests of the American people. Kristie Lu Stout: The US government is allowing politics and the trade war to get ahead of bridging the digital divide. Is that your view? Ren: I personally believe that politics and the economy can be and should be separated. The largest beneficiary of globalization is the US, because the US is the most powerful country in terms of science and technology. It needs to sell its best products to the rest of the world. If US products are not sold to the whole world, the gap will be filled by alternatives made in other countries, and the US will lose the markets it once had. The US should be confident enough to believe that no country in the world can surpass it yet, at least not any time soon. That said, the time frame could be anything from a few dozen to a hundred years. The US has very robust innovation mechanisms and innovation drivers as well as a leading legal system, which have attracted many talented people to the US. Currently, no other country can compete with the US. Many of the world's most talented people seek to settle in the US, which makes it difficult for us to attract top-tier talent. What we get are probably tier-2 or tier-3 talent, but we are a close-knit team. Maybe together, a few of us, or dozens of us can be equivalent to one top-tier mind. That's why we have a lot more employees than many US companies, but don't necessarily achieve far more than them. In this sense, the US will continue to lead the world technologically, and globalization is good for the US. But the US government is gradually backing away from globalization and giving up its market share in certain countries, creating opportunities for some smaller companies in those countries to emerge and thrive. And one day these countries may also overtake the US. 07 Kristie Lu Stout: At the core of the US-China tech war is a lack of trust. The US government does not trust Huawei. It thinks Huawei's technology provides a backdoor to the Chinese government and it still thinks that. What can be done to remove the suspicion and to rebuild the trust? Ren: First, the assertion made by the US government is false. Huawei has never been involved in any such incidents over the past few decades. I don't think we can convince the US, but we can convince its allies. They have used Huawei's equipment for more than 10 or 20 years, so they have a thorough understanding of Huawei. Carriers in these countries will also persuade their governments to greenlight Huawei and open their domestic markets to us. 08 Kristie Lu Stout: The trust in Huawei and the issue of trust in the Chinese government. If the Chinese government asked Huawei to hand over data, you would have to hand over the data, right? Ren: First, the Chinese government has never made such requests. Second, Mr. Yang Jiechi, a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and Director of the Office of the Foreign Affairs Commission of the CPC Central Committee, made a statement at the Munich Security Conference that China has no law requiring companies to install backdoors. And at the press conference following the Second Session of the 13th National People's Congress in March, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang also said that Chinese companies are not allowed to install backdoors or steal information. These are the official interpretations of Chinese law from the Chinese government. Third, Huawei has no access to data. We only provide bare equipment to carriers. Data is only generated when carriers run the equipment. Carriers operate in sovereign states, and they have to comply with the laws of these sovereign states. Huawei has no access to the data and we don't need the data. So from this point of view, what the US has been saying just doesn't hold up.

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Kristie Lu Stout: So Huawei has given up on the US market entirely? Ren: Well, we can't say that we've completely given up on the US market. We are still fighting for the rights outlined in the US Constitution. However, the US is currently rejecting our services in the country. For example, US carriers like AT&T and Verizon don't buy our products. So we have no way to serve the American people, even though we have the intention to do so. The US is a country that advocates freedom, so I think it should be open and inclusive towards different players from around the world. But the US is currently turning its back on these principles. How can the US continue to lead the world in the future?

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Huawei (2019, November 18). Ren Zhengfei's Interview with the . Retrieved, May 12, 2020, from: https://www.huawei.com/en/facts/voices-of-huawei/ren-zhengfeis-interview-with- the-los-angeles-times

01 Norman Pearlstine, Executive Editor, Los Angeles Times: It is energizing to be able to speak with you again. I can't think of anything more important right now than what I hope we can talk about. And if you don't mind, I'd like to just say that I have thought about our previous meeting a number of times, and my thoughts have also been with your family and your business. I've also thought a lot about what has changed since then. I'm told, Huawei has already hosted 3,000 media visitors from both China and abroad this year. And I thought if you were willing, perhaps you could just tell us about how you're feeling and about how life has changed. Do you feel that this has been a good use of your time and could you talk about what it has meant for both you and your company? Ren: The year started off with dark clouds of public opinion forming over us. US sanctions have dragged Huawei into a crisis, where we are fighting for survival. The majority of the public held a negative opinion of us. Even those who wished us well didn't believe that Huawei would survive. The West had very little understanding of Huawei in years past, and we had not refuted the misrepresentations made by some biased politicians, so some people actually had even more misunderstandings about us than before. In the past, we always believed that we should win customers' trust, create true value for them, and let them know they need Huawei. Then the misunderstandings held by the media and public would gradually disappear. That's why we would never spend any time fighting against politicians. It was OK if some media outlets didn't understand us. Over the past few months, especially after the US added Huawei to the Entity List, we have been the center of a major dispute. Therefore, we felt it necessary to tell the world who we really are. I think these clarifications are meaningful. For some people and some areas, Huawei's image has somehow improved. We have gotten to welcome so many journalists from around the world recently, and they have given us many opportunities to explain ourselves. We should be grateful for that. Their visits here will help them see what a company we truly are and deepen communications and understanding from both sides. To us, these visits won't address any problems, but they're an opportunity to build mutual understanding and increase transparency. 02 Norman Pearlstine: How has it affected the company itself in terms of both morale and feelings about working at Huawei? And even more importantly, how has it affected Huawei in terms of how it has changed business practices or business focus, perhaps in different areas than before? Ren: The US adding us to the Entity List did us a favor because it created a crisis for our employees. There is a fable called The Boy Who Cried Wolf where a shepherd boy cries wolf to trick the other villagers. When a wolf did come, the villagers thought his cry was another false alarm. Complacency was bred in the process. The same is true for Huawei. With what's going on now, our people feel a fire under them because they realize they'll go down with Huawei if they don't work hard. This great effort by all our employees has driven up our business results. That's a big change we are seeing right now. Norman Pearlstine: We have the same saying in the United States where we talk about when someone is always predicting a big threat or something, we say, "They are crying wolf." So I think that is something that is well understood. 03 Norman Pearlstine: I have been reading a number of the interviews that you've given recently, and I was thinking back to our meeting in March when you said that you were worried that Huawei people may have gotten too rich or become too self-satisfied or materialistic, and that you thought if, in fact, things got harder, it would make people go back to sort of the way they were in the early days of Huawei. I've subsequently heard you say, "Yes, business has gone quite well compared to what people were worried about," but I've also heard you say that 2020 is a year when your destiny will be determined and when there is your greatest risk. And I wonder if you could talk a little bit about how you've done better this year, but that you are still so worried about next year. And what is it about next year that has you so concerned?

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Ren: There's nothing to worry about when it comes to how we will perform in 2020. In fact, we believe we will keep growing. We will be subject to US sanctions throughout the year, but still be showing the world that Huawei can survive and thrive regardless of the pressure from the US. We welcome media representatives to come and check up on us again next year to see if we are still surviving. According to our forecasts, we will continue to grow in 2020, but the growth rate will not be significant. Our growth for this October slowed to 17%, and we expect the growth to be around 10% in 2020. That's the slowest growth rate we could expect. The actual growth might be higher. In my opinion, we will start to scale our growth in 2021, but others on our senior management team do not think our scaled growth will resume until 2022. As you can see, their views differ from mine. But their forecasts are probably more prudent, so I recently signed a document that used their estimates. we deemed unnecessary. 05 Norman Pearlstine: Does Huawei remain a global multinational company? You now are in, I think, 177 or 180 countries and regions. Or does this action by the US make Huawei more focused on domestic opportunities? Ren: Trump's attack on us has made the company famous worldwide. As a result, many more people around the world are now actively buying products from us. We will always be a globalized company and will always be able to compete around the world. We will never give up on globalization. We firmly embrace globalization in terms of the supply chain. If US companies are willing to sell their components to us, we will do our best to use them in our systems. If we don't use them, it will not help the world form a globalized resource allocation system. We will not be so narrow-minded as to pursue self-reliance and independent innovation, and we will not retreat to the domestic market like cowards. 07 Norman Pearlstine: Some of the industry analysts in the United States who write for much narrower publications specializing in business intelligence, have suggested that the most difficult areas for Huawei to respond to the restrictions are around specialized chips that are difficult to manufacture, and around building a world-class group of app developers who are willing to take on a new operating system beyond the Android system that in some parts has been denied to Huawei. Is that a fair analysis? Are those the two things that you most need to overcome? Or are there other product implications that are also a challenge for you? Ren: I think the analysis is rather fair and accurate. These are the challenges we need to address. No problem cannot be solved. Tens of thousands of years ago, our ancestors were still living in the wilderness. They could not even walk upright back then and might have had . Humans today, however, have no tails and dress in suits. Nature and history tell us that nothing remains immutable. The world will surely move towards collaboration so we can share success. Without collaboration, people will be forced to find alternatives, which ultimately will harm those who refuse collaboration. 08 Norman Pearlstine: Have you had a chance to look at or listen to any of the Democratic candidates who are trying to run against President Trump? And do you have concerns that, in some respects, President Trump has made the whole country seem more nationalist and more anti-Chinese? When I listen to Elizabeth Warren, Bernie Sanders, or even Joe Biden, so much of the conversation is about kind of nationalist ideas and kind of rejection of the globalization that has been a factor in global growth for the last 70 years. Ren: The US has made remarkable progress since the 1980s. This progress can be attributed to globalization. China has also benefited greatly from globalization. However, many of the benefits brought to China by globalization might be bubbles. China needs to spend a lot of time and energy easing these bubbles, in order to develop at a steadier pace. For the past 40 years, the US economy has shifted from the real economy to financial innovation. The value created by this financial innovation has greatly outweighed the value created by the real economy. However, the world is facing a supply surplus and a demand deficiency. How can the US financial sector create value in this case? The US and China need to collaborate to complement each other's shortcomings. A US-China decoupling will harm both the US and China's interests. 13 David Pierson, Southeast Asia Correspondent, Los Angeles Times: Mr. Ren, how much would you say Huawei being placed on the Entity List has accelerated the timeline to fully develop your own semiconductors and software ecosystem for your mobile platform? Ren: It has facilitated our independent development of these things, but we are not sure to what extent.

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David Pierson: Can you talk about your strategy with the chips? I mean, it's been said you've been hoarding chips in order to deliver handsets. Can you talk about your current supply for chips and how you plan to continue delivering growth regarding handsets? Ren: Can people work on chipsets also work on software? I've never heard of this. We have never halted our chip development, nor have we changed our path. We are always moving forward in measured steps. Phone operating systems and ecosystems are all about software. However, when we improve our software capabilities, we don't say that we will reduce our capacity for hardware. David Pierson: My question was more about whether you were actually hoarding chips from your suppliers before the Entity List. With the difficulty of being put on the List, were you able to secure enough supply of semiconductors to last you some time? Ren: Huawei has generated huge sales revenue this year. So hoarding chips to ensure our supply would require tens of billions of dollars. Does Huawei have that much money to hoard chips? I don't think so. Also, suppliers won't sell that many chips to us. Therefore, we don't hoard chips to fuel our development. That's not our approach. The problem we face today is that our supplies are insufficient to meet market demands. That's why our customers are rushing to buy our products. Apart from that, the supply of chips to us is also insufficient. Particularly, TSMC doesn't have sufficient production capacity to meet huge demands. Therefore, it is impossible for us to hoard chips. Even if we could hoard chips, what happens when the chips we hoard become outdated? Hoarding goods is still a traditional way of thinking. 14 Norman Pearlstine: Do you see Harmony becoming a global alternative to Android or to Apple? Ren: The HarmonyOS was originally designed for the . What matters most for IoT are high bandwidth and low latency. Both autonomous driving and automated production require low latency. At this point in time, we are still not sure whether we will be able to turn the HarmonyOS into a or make it open source, when we cannot source from our partners.

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Cutress, I. (2020, March 26). Richard Yu Press Interview: Huawei’s CEO on COVID-19 and Huawei Apps. Retrieved, May 11, 2020, from: https://www.anandtech.com/show/15666/huawei-ceo-richard- yu-global-press-qa-on-covid19-and-huawei-services

Richard Yu Press Interview: Huawei's CEO on COVID-19 and Huawei Apps Today Huawei launched its latest generation of photography focused smartphone: the P40 series. This series consists of the P40, the P40 Pro, and the P40 Pro+, starting at €799 for the cheapest going up to €1399 for the high-end model, which features a 40W wireless charge mode, a 6.58-inch OLED 90 Hz display, 10x optical zoom, up to 100x zoom, Wi-Fi 6, and a range of new photography features to get the best shot. After the launch, Huawei’s Consumer Business Group (CBG) CEO Richard Yu invited the press to a group question and answer session. There were two main topics that dominated the session - how the prevalence of COVID-19 is affecting Huawei’s strategy, but also how the continuation of the US ban on Huawei interacting with US companies is affecting users and in particular the available apps on Huawei’s own App Gallery that can’t use Google’s services.

CEO of Huawei CBG, Richard Yu Mike Lowe, Pocket Lint: How will COVID-19 affect production and manufacturing? Will it cause delays with production of devices like the P40, and will it effect any products going forwards, particularly as they come to the EU markets? Richard Yu: We already started manufacturing the P40 in Q4 2019. So despite China having COVID, we see it as under control now, and the manufacturing and supply chains have recovered. Our supply for the P40 has been eased, so it is ready now, because we started last year, and have been manufacturing for four months.Even in February, during Chinese New Year and due to COVID, manufacturing was down, but it has recovered. We feel that we can meet the market needs with demand for the P40 series. In the EU, or other countries, the COVID situation is not like China is today. China (from our point of view) has recovered, but outside China, there are many physical stores that are closed. But our products are ready to ship when the stores are ready. Even during the COVID situation, we were still manufacturing - we had some supply chain issues, but everything has recovered and we can guarantee supply.

Huawei P40 Pro+ in Ice White Leo Kelion, BBC: How will demand change during the COVID-19 crisis? Launching a family of flagship smartphones during a time when people are losing jobs, or have not enough money, people are considering purchasing other devices for study and such. To what extent do you think this is going to hit demand? A: The smartphone is more and more important for everyone. People spend so much time with their phones, more time than on a PC, or a laptop, or a tablet. Now because more and more people are working from home, we do see there is a strong demand on PC/tablet, and also the mobile broadband, the home routers, mobile wifi and such - all of these are seeing strong demand. The smartphone also has strong demand, because people are using more smartphones. Our flagship phones, with 5G, are the best performing in the world, with the best camera technology, and with many new innovations and have smooth operation. I think these features are stimulating the market. Because of COVID, our PC/tablet demand has increased a lot, and yes people need more PCs or tablets for kids, for family, or for work. But we also see the smartphone is getting more important, with people spending time at home. We still feel the demands on us to launch new flagship devices, with 5G and improved camera features. Our devices also work together as one seamless solution - such as PC and smartphone. We feel we still have a strong demand. Also, we have launched our products and our price is very competitive, starting from 799 Euro. The P40 Pro is only 999 with a super high specification. I hope that the P40 series will sell very well.

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Guillaume Grallet, Le Point: Do you think that as the world is fighting against COVID-19 that data from geolocation services can help in fighting the disease or in getting better treatment? A: With a smartphone with AI and all the sensors, we can help to be honest to help identify. We have software and we should help all the consumers with privacy and protection. We have an app ready in China now that can detect heartbeat and things through AI, and that’s innovative technology, like with breathing rate and stress. The AI can learn people, and it is quite accurate. This functionality is available to new apps for phones with AI. Our P40 Pro+ can even detect temperature using a unique algorithm - actually our Global Sales team said they didn’t need it, but our China Sales team wanted it! It can check body temperature with the rear cameras, and it’s very accurate. It’s new technology. With all these technologies it can help, but we need to get permission from consumers, and we care about privacy. We have the technology, and we’ve done comparisons with professional machines, and it’s very accurate. The technology on the phones, along with AI, can work very well, that’s why technology can do many things - with time we can see launching some more important services.

Christopher Denbach, Deutsche Press-Agentur: What is the state of development of Huawei’s Mobile Services (HMS)? What is the state of the ecosystem? A: started May of last year, and it has been expanding. Progress is very good. The more and more popular top apps are now in Huawei’s App Gallery and integrated with the Huawei Mobile Service Core. It gets better and better with time, and the P40 series are the first phones that are full of HMS apps. We still want to continue our cooperation with Google, but we do not have a choice. We have built HMS to do this, and the company is ready to give the consumers more choice. We make a lot of profit for US companies, but they ban us, which gives less choice to consumers. It is difficult to understand. For the last 3 years we have had a good contribution to the Android ecosystem, with technology and ideas and everything, but also we enable big profits to US companies. Google uses ideas that are first from Huawei. But unfortunately the US ban influences us a lot. But we are recovering well, and HMS Core and HMS Services will be very successful in the future. It is getting better every month, every week, every day. We do still want to cooperate with Google. But we need the US government licence and permission.

Basil Kronfli, Let’s Talk About Tech: It’s clear that Huawei is doing a lot with making HMS a more appealing offer, as it is available for all smartphones to download, but it has a long way to go to be seamless for the average user. The Mate 30 came to market and there was lots of guidance to sales staff to explain how the device worked. How will that messaging change for the P40 series, when common users might not understand that common apps like Uber do not work right now? A: I understand your concern. We provide full retail services and help in packaging, to help when the customer unboxes. We want to provide a full service to help the user clone their old phone to a new phone, but also how to download apps if they need them. In the beginning with HMS and the App Gallery, perhaps some apps are not ready, but they could download them from elsewhere. With time, most of the popular apps will integrate HMS Core, and be in the App Gallery. That will improve very quickly. In the beginning, perhaps it was not so perfect, but with time it will get better. I still have confidence it will quickly improve. But our service, and through our retail service partners, we can help the consumer to tell them how to use all of these popular apps and how to use the phones and use the full capabilities.

David Phelan, The Independent: What are Huawei’s ambitions for P40 Pro, and how does it fit into the strategy? Also, is there any news for the Huawei App Maps app built with TomTom? A: With the P40 Pro, we want to cover more volume on high end users. The Pro+ is even more towards the higher end. We think the P40 Pro will be the highest volume, then the P40, then the Pro+. We have confidence that this is the most powerful 5G smartphone, with the best Wi-Fi 6 performance, and the best performing product. The design is also compact. All this new technology camera and 5G, I hope this generation can sell a lot of volume, as that’s my target. In China the volume every generation increases a lot, our retail shipments do.

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With TomTom, our partnership progresses very well. TomTom is to provide location services and a Maps service with HMS Core to all the apps that need location services. We want to give consumers stand alone apps for navigation from Tomtom and it’s going very well and positive. That’s good news. Google’s map is very good, and users can still use it for navigation through the browser, but without an account you don’t have preferences, but the navigation still works.

Ben Sin, Forbes: Can you tell us about Huawei’s 1+8+N strategy? A: We started this more than 2 years ago in China, and it is very successful. This strategy is our full scenario Smart AI Life strategy. We make all the devices to work together seamlessly and bring the best experience to user at home, travelling, sports, or any scenario. 1 means the smartphone, 8 means the eight most common devices, and N is everything IoT and Smart Home, with ‘plus’ being the connection. Huawei will design 1 (smartphone) and 8 (most common devices) and the plus is the connection, and the N is the wider ecosystem. N is for partners, like Bosch, Siemens, like - home electronic product vendors. We work with a wide range of products with Home AI Life. That’s our strategy, to build this ecosystem with hardware, with software, with a connection, with voice, from a control panel - it should all be seamless. This is how devices and collaboration works for a seamless experience. It’s a 5 year strategy, with Smart Home AI, HiLink, with Celia our new AI voice , all built around HMS Core and the App Gallery. It is an ecosystem. We offer more value to local app developers, with more revenue sharing and more support, and we want to offer the best local integration for experiences. It really is a project for the next 5-10 years.

Damien Wilde, 9to5 Google: With the App Gallery, what has been the feedback from moving from GMS to HMS core? A: From the appearance for the app developer, to switch to HMS core, it’s very convenient, very quick. In one or two days, you can do the full integration. It’s very easy. In the beginning, app developers do not understand Huawei, but when they know, they say it is very convenient. We provide a development environment and tools to help the app developer to make it quick and easy for HMS core. We have a toolkit for this, and an IDE.

Mishaal Rahman, XDA: What kind of customer service does the App Gallery provide developers? We’ve heard from developers that Google’s App System makes it difficult to actually contact a person, so what about Huawei? A: We want to learn what others are doing, and we want to do them better! We are improving in this area. We are building the hotline and services to support this. We are newcomers, and in many areas we are building our capabilities - we are progressing our capabilities above and beyond. We are also investing more.

Daniel Zlatec, PhoneArena: I’ve been using the P40 Pro for 2 days, and I’m amazed about the camera. When all the folks from and Lumia went to work for Huawei, did they help with this camera development? A: We have a great mobile photography talent and team - not just from one company, but we get professional experts from lots of companies to come and join us in Huawei. DSLR from Japan, from Leica, we have the best collection of top talent in Huawei. This is why we are leading in mobile phone innovation. We have strong R&D in Finland, also Sweden, in many countries worldwide - also in Japan, in France. We have a very powerful team developing our ISP, our sensors, modules - it’s spread all over.

Katie Collins, CNET: How does it feel to be launching a phone during COVID-19? Is it surreal to have an event like this? A: From the China schedule, we have a strict control on COVID.In the beginning, many Chinese had a worry that this COVID will make us lose control of our product timeline. But the Chinese Government got it under control very quickly. So the situation is good, people go back to work, back to shopping mall, and other public areas - it’s very good. Other countries can learn this. We moved the launch to

17 online, we think it is still OK because China is OK. To avoid any risk, we moved the launch to online, and offline more and more stores are opening in order to buy the device over time. We launched the product on schedule, and are shipping on schedule - we have a strong commitment to our customers, even during COVID. I live in China, and I want to tell you China is very safe. I think every government can learn from each other, and this can be under control very quickly. I’m still very positive on this!

Paul Sandle, Reuters: How are we going to mitigate the GMS issue for P40 and other devices? A: We want to talk with the leading app developers to quickly integrate HMS Core and put the apps on the Huawei App Gallery as soon as possible. I hope the media can tell the app developers this! It is very quick to do with HMS. This is our top priority. In our global team, our business development team, their priority is to work with developers. There are lots of apps! So it will require some time. But it is getting quicker. The media should be able to tell that to the developers. We also want to support Google, so we hope that we are issued a licence. This is our long term goal - we have grown to the #2 in the world, even without the US. We think we can contribute a lot of revenue and profit to our partners in the US. We want to continue this partnership for the next 10 years. But we are still working on our own HMS integration. We will improve very quickly. In some countries we have made a lot of very good progress.

Alex Todd, Tech Advisor: How does COVID affect the marketing of the phones? What’s the strategy? A: With COVID, most people are told to stay inside and do not go out. So the most effective is online or TV. For online the marketing is more effective than outside on the street. So we will invest more in our marketing, our branding, ecommerce, and also with some of the TV channels like that. We continue to invest in marketing branding.

Andy Boxall, Digital Trends: Celia - the new Huawei assistant. What is the direction of Celia, regarding all Huawei devices. Google integrates its assistant into everything, but Samsung’s Bixby has a back to the ecosystem. How will Celia be pitched in this space? A: Because of the US ban, we used to have Google and Alexa, but now we use Celia. Every country has its own optimized version of Google and Alexa, and we want to launch everywhere and give the consumer more choice. We hope that the consumer can ask for any assistant and we want to give the consumer more convenience. We want to make Celia more convenient so we will continue in this area. But we want to use more than just Celia. Because of the US ban, we want to get the licence to use the others to give the consumers more choice. We want to make the Celia more competitive with other assistants, in some areas at least. That’s my target, my ambition. We will continue to invest. With time, we will launch further. Rome was not built in a day! We need more time, but our ambition is high and we can catch up and do better.

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Wu, W. (2020, April 26). Huawei boss Ren Zhengfei says company has no plans to cut ties with US suppliers. Retrieved, May 11, 2020, from: https://www.scmp.com/print/news/china/diplomacy/article/3081613/huawei-boss-ren-zhengfei-says- company-has-no-plans-cut-ties-us

Huawei boss Ren Zhengfei says company has no plans to cut ties with US suppliers Chinese tech firm bought US$18.7 billion worth of parts from ‘our good friend’ the US last year, CEO and founder says China has to be realistic about its ability to move up the industrial supply chain and ‘can’t have too many illusions’, he says.

Chinese telecoms giant Huawei Technologies, which has been at the centre of the technology war between China and the United States, will continue to use American components in its smartphones despite having other options, its founder said.

In an interview with Dragon magazine, published by the Gansu Academy of Social Sciences, Ren Zhengfei, who is also chief executive of the world’s largest telecoms equipment supplier, said also that China should take a sober view of the challenges it faces in trying to change global industrial chains. “We procured US$18.7 billion worth of parts from the US last year, a big increase from US$11 billion in the past. We are not thinking of replacing US components,” he said. “The US will always be our good friend.” Ren’s comments came despite the company being put on the US commerce department’s entity list, which means American firms can only sell to Huawei if they have been granted permission to do so by the government.

Richard Yu Chengdong, chief executive of the firm’s consumer business group, said on April 9 that Huawei had the option not to use US components in its smartphones but wanted to maintain good relationships with its American suppliers. After being placed on the entity list in May last year, Huawei raced to develop or procure components that did not use American technology. Three months later it launched HarmonyOS, a new operating system designed to run on all its devices, including smartphones, though it said at the time it preferred to continue using Google’s Android system. “It would be OK if we didn’t use US components, but what happens if consumers don’t buy our products,” Ren said. “The operating systems of Android and Apple have enjoyed massive sales in the world as consumers have become accustomed to them.” HarmonyOS was not developed to be a competitor to US alternatives but rather as a solution to being put on the entity list, Ren said. “Huawei is a latecomer, so it would be very difficult to surpass the operating systems of Android and Apple. It might take a long period of time, but no more than 300 years,” he joked. Huawei had “very friendly” relationships with Google and Apple, and their development of 5G smartphones was helpful, Ren said.

With the disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic to global supply chains, as well as talk about the US and China decoupling economically as a result of their near two-year-long trade war, Ren said it would be impossible for any country to become totally self-sufficient. The cost alone would be prohibitive, he said, adding that China should optimise its business environment to maintain the attractiveness of its market while improving its industrial competitiveness. “It would be a mistake for countries to move industrial chains back home, as the world economy is set up to develop through globalisation. Competitiveness evolves as part of globalisation,” he said. “The massive middle- and low-end manufacturing sectors in China have been transferred to countries like Thailand and Vietnam, while the US’s hi-tech industry surpasses China’s. “Chinese manufacturing is in the middle layer of the global industrial chain, and it is set to face difficulty [moving up], so we can’t have too many illusions,” he said. The global health crisis had had a major impact on the production, sale and delivery of Huawei products, Ren said. In an interview last month, he said Huawei would increase its research and development budget for 2020 by 33 per cent from last year to more than US$20 billion. The company launched its new P40 range of smartphones last month.

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CHINESE SOURCES https://www.ww01.net/en/archives/48062 What is the ultimate goal of Huawei with HMS instead of Google?

The existing GMS already has a very mature ecology and a high degree of popularity. Huawei wants to make a hole in it, and it has a long way to go.

On February 24, Huawei released a new generation of folding screen mobile phone MateXs in Spain. Also updated at the same time is Huawei Mobile Services HMS Core (Huawei Mobile Core Services) 4.0. Its release means that Huawei is taking another step forward in the process of replacing Google, and it is also Huawei’s most important battle at the software level this year. At this conference, Huawei highlighted the upgraded HMS Core 4.0, which is a collection of open capabilities of Huawei terminal cloud services, including Huawei terminal cloud service open capabilities, including Huawei Machine Learning Services (MLKit), Uniform Code Scanning Service (ScanKit), Huawei Map Service (MapKit), Huawei Advertising Service (HUAWEI Ads), etc. Huawei can still use the Android system after Google announced that it has stopped working with Huawei, but new phones developed after May 16, 2019 can no longer pre-install and use the Google Mobile Service GMS. The so-called GMS not only covers , Gmail, Search, Youtube, Android App Market and other services, but also includes GMS Core functions for developers. If GMS Core is not pre-installed on the phone, then any use of it None of the developed apps can be used on mobile phones. Although this does not affect Chinese users, it does have an impact on Huawei’s overseas sales. To overseas users, without GMS is like that Chinese users cannot use basic software such as WeChat and Alipay. To find a solution, Huawei released the Huawei Mobile Services HMS Ecosystem at the Developer Conference in August 2019. As a replacement for GMS. Subsequently, Huawei announced that it would launch a $ 1 billion “Yaoxing Project”, inviting global developers to join the HMS ecosystem. As a manufacturer of communication equipment that is better at hardware, compared to its self- developed series of Internet software services, Huawei has placed more expectations on third-party developers. Huawei hopes to develop HMS Core and provide service APIs to attract overseas software vendors to use HMS Core to develop software suitable for Huawei mobile phones, thereby complementing HMS ‘shortcomings. Huawei currently has more than 1.3 million registered developers worldwide, and the number of applications accessing HMS Core worldwide exceeds 55,000. Although Huawei has laid out its infrastructure, ecological construction has not been accomplished overnight. Existing GMS already hasWith a very mature ecology and a high degree of popularity, Huawei has a long way to go to get out of it. In order to speed up the construction of the HMS ecology, according to the Science and Technology Board Daily, Huawei has also set up a second-level department responsible for the ecological construction of the HMS—the Global Ecological Development Department. Wang Yanzheng reported to Yu Chengdong. Public information shows that Wang Yanxun has served as vice president of Huawei’s terminal mobile phone product line and president of Huawei’s Northeast European consumer business. The status of the secondary sector is second only to the four major BGs, which means that HMS ecological construction will be a long-term strategic focus of Huawei. Yu Chengdong expressed Huawei’s expectations for HMS at the press conference: “Consumers can choose Apple’s Apple Store or Google’s Google Play. In the future, they can also choose Huawei’s HMS. For Huawei, HMS has the potential to become a money-making tool even if the Google factor is not a factor. A good example is the Google Play Store app alone, which generated $ 24.8 billion in revenue in 2018. Yu Chengdong also announced the latest user data of Huawei’s application market: Since the global release of the Huawei application market in 2011, it has become the top three application markets in the world. It has logged in more than 170 countries and regions worldwide and has 4 monthly active

20 users. Billion. In addition, Huawei’s application market also provides fast application functions jointly launched with mobile phone manufacturers such as ov and . This is an installation-free application developed based on industry standards. Phone memory space. At present, Huawei’s application market has listed more than 1,700 fast applications. In fact, Huawei has been implementing an alternative to Google-based services since overseas supplies have been blocked. In addition to HMS, another more concerned is the Hongmeng system that replaces Android. Yu Chengdong once revealed that Hongmeng has completed the adaptation of the mobile phone to reach a commercial level. All Huawei mobile phone systems can be replaced with Hongmeng overnight, including mainstream applications. However, considering that Android is still available, Huawei will not do so for the time being. Qiang Chaoting, chief analyst of Minsheng Securities’ computer industry, believes that Huawei’s ambition is that after the Hung Meng OS adapts and conditions are mature, it can directly migrate applications in the HMS ecosystem to mobile phones with the Hung Meng OS as the operating system. The realization of Huawei’s own mobile phone configuration can further reduce the impact of external environmental fluctuations on mobile terminal business and break the balance between Android and Apple in the existing mobile terminal. HMS is the most important part of Huawei’s overall implementation of software replacement. However, whether it is Hongmeng or HMS, Huawei must face the long-term challenges of ecological construction. It is worth mentioning that in the early morning of February 25, Huawei ’s sub-brand has released the Honor V30 series mobile phones equipped with HMS services in the European market. This is Huawei ’s first pre-installed HMS product.Smart phones, it will officially test the overseas market on behalf of Huawei products.

21 https://www.sohu.com/a/385802156_120065101 Chairman of Huawei: The United States can ban Huawei, why ca n’t we ban American mobile phones?

Since 2019, due to Huawei's excellent performance in 5G network technology, the US official has felt great pressure and began to take a series of suppression measures against Huawei, and the name is because Huawei's 5G network technology has Security poses a great threat.

In the face of these fictitious facts, Huawei officials have also indicated that if this is the case, then please come up with relevant evidence, rather than just exaggerating here. But as of now, we still haven't seen the United States come up with substantial evidence to prove their previous "Huawei threat theory." Of course, the United States is still suppressing Huawei, but Huawei is also calmly facing the battle, and the country has also given Huawei strong support. In 2019, Huawei did not stop because of the suppression of the United States, but achieved a series of good achievements. However, in the past few days, it was reported that the United States will further suppress Huawei on the basis of the original, and may implement a comprehensive ban strategy against Huawei, and once again to Huawei from other important areas such as chips. And more information revealed that TSMC, the world's largest chip maker, is likely to participate in this "war" and join forces with the United States to suppress Huawei.

In response to this news, Huawei ’s current chairman stated to the media that if the United States continues to increase its suppression of Huawei, the United States can ban Huawei. Why ca n’t we ban American mobile phones? Then we believe that our country will not ignore it, and the Chinese government will take the same powerful measures against the United States. Since the United States can disable our mobile phones, China can also disable American mobile phones and various smart product terminals such as 5G chips and 5G network base stations.

At the same time, Xu Zhijun also said that even if the United States adopts a chip ban strategy against us, we can still import from other countries. It is not only the United States that can produce chips. Chips such as South Korea ’s Samsung, Taiwan ’s MTK, and China Spreadtrum are also excellent. . Perhaps Huawei will suffer a certain loss, but we believe that in the near future, China will also have more and more high-tech industries including chips. If we really want to "war" further, it is still unknown who lost and won. And in the recent China Daily, such a statement was issued: "If the new measures are implemented, the Chinese government has no choice but to take the same measures against certain companies." It can be seen from this that the Chinese government will do its utmost to protect the rights of our enterprises. Of course, whether the United States will really increase its pressure on Huawei has not yet been officially confirmed. Xu Zhijun finally said that he also hoped that this was a rumor, otherwise it would lead to incredible consequences.

22 https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1663033158337706412&wfr=spider&for=pc Huawei officially started with GMS. Google's most "worried" thing is coming. Everything is so fast! Recommendation: In less than a year, Huawei has built a more complete HMS service. With the improvement of HMS service, Hongmeng system will be installed on Huawei mobile phones. By then, Huawei will completely break the US Google ’s mobile operating system market. The monopoly situation brings new choices for consumers.

Since the United States began to crack down on and sanction Huawei, Huawei ’s actions have attracted a lot of attention. As the largest private technology company in China, Huawei ’s strength is naturally very strong; after more than ten years Huawei has achieved rapid development in smart phones and 5G communications and other businesses. Originally thinking that the 5G network era is coming, Huawei will take advantage of the situation to develop into an internationally renowned 5G giant enterprise. The crackdown was carried out, which caused Huawei to suffer heavy losses in the international market!

In order to suppress the development of Huawei, Trump not only banned Huawei 5G from entering the US market, but also directly added Huawei to the US "entity list". The impact of the ban has led to many US technology giants. Enterprises have interrupted their cooperation with Huawei, and Google responded to the call, cut off the supply of Huawei, and canceled support for Huawei ’s mobile phone GMS service; this led to Huawei and its sub-brands ’glory in the overseas smartphone market. Sales have directly appeared a "cliff-style" landslide!

In Google ’s plan in the United States, as long as Huawei ’s Android operating system and services are cut off, Huawei will definitely choose to serve the software; Google wanted to give an explanation to the above, and wanted to achieve the effect of killing chickens and monkeys, but did not expect that Huawei did not take it easy. However, in the opposite direction, Huawei gradually lost control of the supply situation; after losing Google ’s GMS service and support, Huawei chose to invest heavily and independently develop HMS services!

Huawei's HMS service is a large ecosystem service that is benchmarked with Google's GMS service: Huawei wants to use HMS service to break the monopoly of Google's GMS service and replace Google's GMS service. It can be said that Huawei's ambitions are still many; This has undoubtedly caused Google to worry. Not long ago, at the press conference of series mobile phones, Huawei also began to formally start Google ’s GMS service; on the new Huawei P40 series, Huawei has abandoned Google ’s GMS service. , And switched to the HMS service with independent research and development to market, I did not expect that all this so fast!

It is reported that Huawei has used a large number of mobile phones to test HMS ecological services internally; while externally, Huawei has launched the "Yaoxing" plan to attract APP developers to settle in; at the same time, Huawei also released HMS Core 4.0 service Huawei ’s HMS service has covered 55,000 APPs, including APP software from some American technology giants. Software such as FaceTime and YouTube in the United States have entered Huawei ’s HMS ecosystem services. Software has begun to support Huawei, which also allows us to see the future of Huawei HMS ecological services!

Huawei ’s hands on Google ’s GMS service is undoubtedly Google ’s most “worried” thing. Once Huawei ’s HMS service is successful, it means that Huawei ’s Hongmeng operating system will go further; I believe that with the continued HMS service of Huawei Development and progress. In the future, mobile phones equipped with Huawei ’s Hongmeng operating system will also meet with us soon.

23 https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1662700000373410088&wfr=spider&for=pc Official media support Huawei! If the US upgrades again to ban Huawei: we can also disable US mobile phones

[April 1st news] As we all know, in May 2019, Huawei was officially sanctioned by the US "Entity List", and all aspects of chip and software services have been cut off, and recently, it is even more Some foreign media reported: "The United States will again escalate sanctions, which will directly restrict the global supply chain of Huawei chips, directly issue related bans, and directly lower the relevant technology threshold by reducing the relevant technology ratio to further restrict the use of the United States. Technology and parts manufacturers provide Huawei with relevant chip technology support, and TSMC is likely to be among them. "This also means that Huawei ’s chip business will also be affected by a lot, and even make corresponding sacrifices. ;

In response to this "rumor", on March 31, Huawei ’s rotating chairman Xu Zhijun was also directly asked in an interview with the media about the "rumors that the United States will increase sanctions against Huawei." Chief Xu Zhijun responded: "I believe that the Chinese government will not let Huawei slaughter, or ignore Huawei, and the Chinese government will certainly take some countermeasures. Why can't we ban American companies' 5G chips based on the same network security reasons? And what about the use of base stations, smartphones, and various smart terminals with 5G chips in China? "In fact, in response to this statement, the official media China Daily mentioned directly in related reports:" If Huawei ’s new measures are restricted, Implementation, then the Chinese government will have no choice but to take the same measures against the relevant US companies. "

Of course, Xu Zhijun, Huawei ’s rotating chairman, subsequently said: "If the United States increases its efforts to suppress Huawei ’s chip business, then Huawei can still purchase related chips from Samsung, South Korea ’s Taiwan MTK, and China Spreadtrum to manufacture Huawei mobile phones. I believe that even if it is Huawei suffered from chip suppression, and China will also produce more and stronger chip companies and become one of the world's top chip design and manufacturing companies. "In fact, for Huawei, it is really not too worrying, after all, SMIC is the most As soon as the end of this year, mass production of 7nm process chips will begin, which is undoubtedly a good news for Huawei.

Of course, for this "measure", people in the industry generally believe that "the United States is not likely to implement this measure, because the fact behind these measures is actually undoubtedly an endless problem for the United States. The global industry Any player of the chain will be difficult to be alone, and it may not only be a Huawei company that is destroyed; "Huawei ’s rotating chairman also mentioned:" I expect this news to be false, otherwise the global industrial chain pattern will be Reshuffled. "

24 https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1662743897485727691&wfr=spider&for=pc Chairman of Huawei: If Huawei is banned, we can also ban the use of US mobile phones in the country

As we all know, the domestic technology giant Huawei has become a hot topic in the past year, including various achievements made by Huawei in various aspects. First of all, in the field of smartphones, Google began to cut off GMS services in the second half of last year The sales of Huawei mobile phones are greatly restricted, and shipments have been declining. However, at the beginning of 2020, Huawei announced that its global mobile phone shipments in 2019 exceeded 240 million units, which has surpassed Apple and became the second in the world. Google cut off the supply of GMS, but mobile phone shipments can still surpass Apple, so this is the reason why Huawei mobile phones are concerned.

In addition to the fact that mobile phone sales exceeded Apple's and Huawei's mobile phone attracted many people's attention, the Hongmeng system made Huawei's mobile phone continue to be a hot topic. The goal of Hongmeng OS is to replace the Android system. At present, the monthly active volume of the HMS mobile service exceeds 300 million, with 1.5 million developers. HMS and the corresponding application store have already built Huawei mobile phones sold abroad. In short, Google ’s supply cutoff did not prevent Huawei ’s mobile phones from becoming more powerful, but instead allowed Huawei to commercialize a large number of new technologies in a short period of time.

In addition to mobile phones, some core technologies of computers have also been affected. For example, AMD and have broken cores, and Microsoft has broken cores. Huawei computers can only use domestic deep systems, and the chips are suspected of being purchased in large quantities and reserved. Thankfully, AMD, Intel, and Microsoft have resumed chip and system supply.

Of course, the biggest factor that makes Huawei the focus of global attention is 5G, which has the most severe suppression, but it has no effect at all, because Huawei's communication technology is the most advanced in the world, with the largest number of patents and 5G technology. It is reported that in many orders for 5G equipment, Huawei accounts for more than 50% in China, and the share of 5G orders from abroad also exceeds Ericsson and Nokia. Huawei's 5G equipment has good technology, low price and high quality, so it is very popular. Huawei also plays an important role in the customization of communication technology standards.

It is worth mentioning that Huawei's hardware equipment is still constantly restricted by various overseas countries. Recently, Huawei's rotating chairman Xu Zhijun responded to "restrict the chip supply chain." Terminal devices such as smartphones will also be banned in China. Huawei can buy chips from Samsung, MTK and Spreadtrum to produce mobile phones.

25 https://xw.qq.com/cmsid/20200330A0J1XP00 Formally confirmed! Huawei no longer needs Google, and ultimately chose to say goodbye!

As we all know, after Huawei was added to the “Entity List” by the United States on May 16, 2019, not only Huawei ’s dozens of core suppliers in the United States will be collectively cut off (communication equipment parts suppliers, mobile phone PC parts suppliers, technical support supply) Business, etc.), including the GMS service provided by Google has also been stopped. During the period when Google stopped the GMS service, Huawei was really upset. The overseas mobile phone business suffered a "Waterloo" decline, and this result directly caused Huawei's overseas mobile phone business to lose tens of billions of dollars. Although the mobile phone business is only a side business of Huawei, it will bring greater losses in the future and it is unpredictable.

During this period, Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei also repeatedly interviewed by the media and said that even without Google services and applications, Huawei can still become the world's top smartphone brand. At the time, Ren Zhengfei also revealed that he was reluctant to leave Google, and Huawei was still willing to cooperate with Google if possible. Because the United States is the strongest country in the world in terms of innovation, and no country can surpass it (including China) in the next few decades. If the United States continues to restrict cooperation between US companies and Huawei, it will unintentionally help competitors rise . However, the Trump administration in the United States ignored the words of Ren Zhengfei at all, and still suppressed and sanctioned Huawei in its own way and intensified.

In desperation, Huawei can only look for alternative solutions. It is in this context that Huawei has achieved complete localization without using US parts and components, and has also found other solutions to replace US companies. It is worth mentioning that the Hongmeng system has also officially entered the front desk, and the self-built Huawei HMS service has also come out. Technology. As of now, Huawei HMS services have entered more than 170 countries and regions around the world, with more than 600 million users and 400 million monthly active users. More than 1.3 million global developers have joined the Huawei application ecosystem, and more than 55,000 applications have access to HMS Core. And Huawei's HMS service has been updated to HMS Core 4.0, open HMS core services, including 14 HMS Core capabilities, 51 services, 885 API, has basically completely covered Google GMS services. And Huawei APPGralley has become the third largest app store in the world after Google Play and Apple App Store.

Not only that, at the Huawei conference on March 26, the first Huawei P40 series mobile phone equipped with Huawei HMS service and AppGallery store was officially unveiled. Yu Chengdong gave a perfect solution for the overseas market, that is, HMS service and AppGallery store. Yu Chengdong also said that in the past year, Huawei has experienced a very extraordinary year, and 2020 will be a more exciting year, and the most beautiful scenery will come later. From Huawei's first P40 series mobile phone with HMS service and AppGallery store, and Yu Chengdong, it can be confirmed that Huawei no longer needs Google, and finally chose to say goodbye!

In fact, earlier in the interview, Fred Wangfei, a Huawei executive in Austria, said that even if the United States lifts the so-called Huawei ban in the future, Huawei will not use Google's related services. This has foretold that Huawei can no longer rely too much on American technology and must stick to the path of independent research and development. Only in this way can it prevent starvation after the United States suddenly cuts off your food. But it is not the original intention for Google to cut off Huawei ’s GMS service. It ’s just that the United States Trump ’s coercive measures, Google, is also the same. After all, the cutoff of Huawei ’s GMS service is all harmful to Google, and Google has never wanted to face it. The Lampe government applied for a "summary" with Huawei.

If you can win an opportunity to Google Bailey without harm, it is not too late to make up for it. Huawei surpasses 200 million mobile phones each year, and the Google GMS service brings huge advertising revenue. Unfortunately, there is no definite news so far. No matter what Trump means, Google's wishes! Huawei has decided to face the year of survival in the United States in 2020, the focus is to firmly build the HMS and Hongmeng ecology, rebuild the track, restart the Long March, take survival as the bottom line, and give priority to solving overseas ecological problems. It is not required to restore the commercial benefits of HMS and Hongmeng Ecosystem in the short term, but

26 only to build a foundation that can be realized after a few years, and achieve a win-win situation with the self-developed chip + Hongmeng and HMS service ecological layout.

This undoubtedly confirms what Ren Zhengfei once said, even without Google's Huawei mobile phones can still survive very well, and all mobile phones of Huawei will also be equipped with Hongmeng system in the future. Judging from the current Huawei's planning and development situation, Ren Zhengfei is not just talking, but he has not deceived people. Facts have proved that only independent research and development is the right path for many domestic manufacturers to take. Discussion in this issue: Huawei phones without Google GMS service, will you still choose to buy them?

27 https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1663052592573186146&wfr=spider&for=pc Huawei suddenly reversed, with giants such as Google and IBM bypassing the ban, Trump is in a hurry

Funded by US technology leaders such as Google and IBM and US technology leaders such as NEC, Philips, , SUSE, and Toyota, the move is hailed as Huawei's "exemplary of and open source software that does not infringe patent rights." ". Huawei is one of the world's largest players in the fields of telecommunications networks, IT, smart devices and cloud services. It is said to be the first large Chinese company to adopt open source software, which regards open source software as a promoter of advanced communication systems. A few days after the announcement of Huawei ’s membership in OIN yesterday, Huawei announced the smallest increase in its profit in three years. Analysts attributed the US ban to losses. Less than two months ago, the US government issued official charges against Huawei. In the 56-page indictment, the US Department of Justice charged Huawei with various crimes such as extortion, theft of intellectual property, and conspiracy to steal trade secrets from competitors. Huawei denied all allegations.

In 2018, American companies were banned from using Huawei network equipment. In May last year, President ’s executive order effectively prohibited Huawei from entering the US communications network, and things intensified. Keith Bergelt, CEO of Open Invention Network, said: "As a global leader in ICT infrastructure and companies with a large number of intellectual property rights, we are very grateful to Huawei for joining OIN and supporting the non-infringement of patents in the core of Linux and adjacent OSS. It is pointed out that Linux-based platforms are currently providing new levels of functionality "at an unprecedented speed" across clouds and software-defined networks. Jim Zemlin, executive director of the Linux Foundation, said that Huawei is an outstanding contribution to the and other key open source projects, and is a platinum member of the Linux Foundation. OIN's membership further proves "its strong support for defending open source and open collaboration".

Ding Jianxin, head of Huawei's global intellectual property rights, said that Linux and open source software are key technologies that the technology is developing and integrating with operators and companies around the world. "By joining the Open Invention Network, we are demonstrating our continued commitment to innovation and supporting innovation by not infringing patents in Linux and other core open source projects." OIN is open to everyone, has more than 3,200 community members, and has more than 1,300 global patents and applications. The OIN community cross-licensing Linux System patents on a royalty-free basis to practice the non-infringement of patents in core Linux and adjacent open source technologies. Similarly, patents owned by the Open Invention Network are free of license fees for any organization that agrees not to claim its patents against the Linux system. Trump must have never imagined that Huawei would work with so many large international companies to promote open source. In this way, they do not have intellectual property rights. Everyone cross-licensed each other. Trump ’s so-called ban is useless. I do n’t know how you think about this. What about Huawei ’s excellent operation? Everyone is welcome to discuss in the comment area.

28 https://xw.qq.com/cmsid/20200323A0MDDY00?ivk_sa=1023197a Huawei quietly changed the GMS, Google smiled without words, really hopeless Huawei GMS was suddenly deprecated and Google panicked. What is different about HMS? Recently, Huawei has carried out a great reform on mobile phones. In addition to using more self- developed technologies, it has also abandoned the lowest service framework GMs of Android, and plans to replace it with Huawei's own hms. Because of this matter, Google has two different views on this side. One group believes that Huawei is digging its own grave, and another group believes that this will be the end of Google.

What is GMS?

GMS is actually the foundation of Google's underlying framework services. However, in recent years, Huawei has been chased by Google, and even this service has been banned by Google. After losing this service, there is no way for future Huawei mobile phones to use , YOUTUBE and other overseas software. So this matter is a huge blow to the overseas Huawei market, and it is very likely to affect Huawei sales in 2020 and beyond. So why don't many people feel this thing in China? In fact, the domestic ecosystem has always been different from overseas, so even if there is no GMS, it is no big deal, such an environment can better protect us. After all, when the United States and Google officially started hands-on, for example, this time, Huawei phones are not allowed to use GMs. Although the overseas market will be shaken, the domestic market can still be as stable as Taishan. In fact, this is not just a matter for Huawei. As other Chinese brands gradually become stronger, it may also become Google's target. In the final analysis, it is the gun that strikes the head. They do not want to see an overly powerful Chinese company rise internationally. So fortunately, GMS is no longer needed in China, so that we can maximize the preservation of our own interests and strength. How is HMS different?

In fact, HMS is an ecological framework developed by Huawei itself, and then when we use Huawei mobile phones, we can no longer be threatened by Google. Then Huawei launched such an ecological framework, and it also has a great advantage, that is, it can let Hongmeng system really come to us. All along, Huawei's research and development of the Hongmeng system has been circulating on the Internet, but many people have not seen it with their own eyes. Because Huawei ’s current Hongmeng system is not too powerful, there is simply no way to directly assume the post. Of course, a system needs a complete ecological framework, and with the addition of hms, it means that Huawei ’s own path to becoming a system Become more and more urgent. Similarly, it takes time for the HMS framework to become as powerful as Google ’s GMs, and it ’s difficult at the beginning. How does Huawei plan to get through this beginning?

Difficult at the beginning

It is true that what is the most difficult at the beginning, as long as the matter is up, then the next step will be more convenient. For a brand new system such as Hongmeng, the beginning becomes more difficult, because there is no developer willing to develop for it. Developers want to serve on this platform must make money, and now Android and iOS systems are the same among the global mobile phone systems. The new system like Hongmeng does not have any share at all, so the probability of developers joining is too low . So what kind of solution did Huawei think of? It turns out that Huawei intends to give developers more benefits and share. The new system basically did not intend to make a profit in the first few years of development. It is even willing to lose money for ecology, which is to buy an initial ecological environment with money. Huawei has announced a traffic-sharing policy, which makes many people feel very jealous. Starting this year, Huawei's revenue share will be 1: 9, Huawei will take 10%, and the remaining nine will be given to developers. Of course, this policy is limited to overseas. After all, the biggest difficulty for Huawei right now is to open the overseas market, and the domestic market has already been opened. After the most difficult first year, Huawei will adjust its policies next year, and the share ratio will become 2: 9. In the following year, the share ratio will become 3: 7.

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Things can be done

Indeed, under such a tempting policy, this matter may still succeed. The welfare policy in the first year can greatly attract overseas users and developers, and then as the system gradually becomes more complete, the ecology can become competitive with Android, and Huawei can truly recover profits. This is the so-called long-line fishing for big fish, rather than looking at the corner. In fact, many domestic mobile phone companies simply copy foreign things. For example, they directly use Google Android system, and then directly use American Qualcomm chips. Such an approach can make it easier to start a business and allow brands to obtain sales in an easier way. However, this is not a long-term solution. So in fact, Huawei has lost its profits at present, but if this ecosystem can be achieved in the future, it is indeed very powerful. It is no wonder that many Google executives will panic. Apple cannot threaten Google because it is a niche system, but Huawei is different. Overseas netizens even said that this may seriously threaten the foundation of Google's development!

30 https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1660168381898365161&wfr=spider&for=pc

Google is officially bye! Even if the United States lifts the Huawei ban, it will no longer use Google services! Not long ago, Google ’s legal director of Android and Play Tristan Ostrowski said that due to US government restrictions, new models released by Huawei after May 16, 2019, cannot be pre-loaded and tested to load Google ’s applications and services Including Gmail, Maps, YouTube, Play Store, etc.). The models before May 16, 2019 still have a cooperative relationship with Huawei. And Google is clear that Google will continue to cooperate with Huawei to comply with government regulations to provide security updates and updates to Google applications and services on existing devices, and to continue to cooperate with Huawei to the extent permitted.

From these statements made by Google executives, the termination of Huawei ’s GMS service was not intended by the United States government but was a compulsory measure by the US government. Google did not make any mistakes, and eventually became a bit unhappy with Huawei. Indeed, since May 16, 2019, the United States officially added Huawei to the "Entity List", which means that Google will not be able to provide Huawei with GMS services and subsequent updates of the Android system. Although Google had considered it at the time, Google's attitude towards Huawei was always "dispensable" and Google finally lost sight of it. Without Google ’s support for Huawei, Huawei ’s mobile phones suffered a severe setback in the overseas market, with a market share of up to 40% and a loss of tens of billions of dollars, which had a great impact on Huawei.

This is the result that the US Trump administration is willing to see. As long as it can kill Huawei, the US government and those outsiders who are not optimistic about Huawei should be very happy to see it. However, Huawei's tenaciousness exceeds the imagination of the United States and Google. It not only exposed the self-developed Hongmeng system, but also made Huawei's HMS service ecological construction prosperous, and it has to invest tens of billions to encourage developers. Based on Huawei Provided framework development software. So to what extent has Huawei's HMS service been officially unveiled?

As the saying goes, "There must be a brave man under reward". As of March 2020, Huawei APPGralley has become the third largest app store in the world after Google Play and Apple App Store. APPGralley has entered more than 170 countries and regions around the world, with more than 600 million users and more than 400 million monthly active users. More than 1.3 million global developers have joined the Huawei application ecosystem, and more than 55,000 applications have access to HMS Core. And well-known social APPs like and Facebook in the United States also announced that they will join the Huawei HMS service ecosystem!

Not only that, the world ’s third largest geographic information system GIS software manufacturer SuperMap also gave Huawei full support, and Turkish telecommunications operator Turkcell has signed a contract with Huawei to plan to sell 1 million Huawei smartphones with HMS ecology . If the interruption of Huawei ’s GMS service is a compulsory measure of the Trump administration in the United States that Google has to comply with, then against this background, Huawei is forced to become Google ’s biggest competitor and gain the support of many foreign regions and countries. It's gone.

To be honest, Huawei's self-developed HMS service is not without foundation. First of all, Huawei ’s cumulative sales of mobile phones in the world in the three years from 2017 to 2019 have reached more than 600 million units, and Huawei ’s mobile phone global market share has reached 13%. The high market share will provide Huawei with the promotion of HMS services Good user base. Secondly, Huawei Cloud is a strong backing, and its synchronization, push and storage services are solid. Unlike Google, which started with a search engine business, Huawei has been relying heavily on related hardware and communications equipment businesses to create a full-stack Huawei cloud product system from chip to application. Considering that the synchronization, push and storage

31 services of mobile services are highly dependent on cloud services, Huawei HMS services have a solid foundation in the above fields.

Finally, pay full attention to artificial intelligence technology and develop the priority layout of related service areas. Huawei has added a large number of AI-related products to the HMS service, including machine learning services and possibly related analysis services and online identity rapid verification services. Not only that, the GDSA Alliance, which is actively preparing, is also gathering everyone to challenge Google. If Huawei can join the "Global Developer Services Alliance" GDSA, it will hopefully integrate the resources of domestic mobile phone manufacturers and further challenge Google's GMS ecosystem. It can be said that the cessation of Huawei ’s GMS service is not good for Google, and Google, who does n’t want it, starts applying to the Trump administration for “summation” with Huawei. If you can win an opportunity to Google Bailey without harm, it is not too late to make up for it. After all, Huawei surpasses 200 million mobile phones each year, and the Google GMS service brings huge advertising revenue. What's more, Google's influence in recent years has been very bad, and it has been repeatedly fined 4.34 billion euros by the EU's antitrust investigations.

However, Huawei brought another surprise news, Huawei search will be available soon. According to the latest news from the media, Huawei Search has been tested and launched overseas, and it is expected that it will soon land on the Huawei App Store AppGallery to support Huawei and Honor devices. And Huawei also has its own Huawei browser, with a complete search function. This time, Huawei ’s online search application is more convinced that Huawei does not want to rely on American technology anymore, but it will unswervingly follow its own path and promote the construction of Huawei ’s HMS service ecosystem to complete the construction of an ecosystem based on Hongmeng system plus HMS service.

It seems that Huawei's overseas executive Fred Wangfei once said that even if the United States lifts the so-called Huawei ban in the future, Huawei will not be using Google's related services. The operating system is not difficult to research and develop, but the difficulty is the establishment of the ecology. Microsoft and many giants in the world have already taken the lead in mobile operating systems. Google's overconfidence has enabled Huawei to rise up in the trend. In the future global mobile market, Huawei will also have its own place. I wonder if you think Huawei is still willing to cooperate with Google? Talk about your views!

32 https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1662997844656982554&wfr=spider&for=pc The United States may escalate restrictions on Huawei

According to a Reuters report, recently, various departments of the US government plan to impose new restrictions on Huawei. Foreign companies that use US chip manufacturing equipment must obtain U.S. licenses before supplying certain chips to Huawei. This new rule will target low-tech products based on US technology, manufactured overseas and shipped to Huawei. Under this rule, even if the chip is not developed and designed in the United States, as long as only one U.S. device is used in a certain part of the foreign production line, the chip produced must first be approved by the U.S. government. Huawei and many experts and scholars believe that the US suppression of Huawei has exceeded the normal dimensions of trade and technological struggle. The new restrictive measures will not only damage the global industrial chain, but also harm American companies and ultimately harm others.

Expert: New US restrictions on Huawei will cause global In an interview with the media, Wei Shaojun, director of the Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics at Tsinghua University, said that if this restriction is really implemented in the United States, it will inevitably lead to global chaos. First, as the most thoroughly globalized semiconductor industry, chip products include the joint efforts of many countries and regions. Restricting the sale of any chip products that use US technology to Huawei means that many participants in the value chain are deprived of the right to receive returns from Huawei, which will inevitably lead to public anger. Secondly, if a country uses the power of the government to kill an enterprise in another country, it obviously gives the government of the country where the enterprise is located a reason for countermeasures, arguing for reasons and ultimately harming others. Thirdly, globalization has already intertwined the interests of all parties, and the struggle between the two countries will only result in losing both sides and making wedding clothes for others. Once the United States implements this restriction measure, the consequences may not be foreseeable today, nor will it be controlled by the United States in the future. Zhang Guoqing, an American scholar and an expert on international issues at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that the new US restrictions will not only affect the global industrial chain, weaken the confidence of other companies, but will also fundamentally shake the US international position in the long run. China has the ability to carry out countermeasures, and Apple or other chip companies may be affected, but China will not actively use these methods, nor will it harm innocent people. Liu Chunsheng, an associate professor at the School of International Economics and Trade at Central University of Finance and Economics, believes that the new U.S. restrictions will prompt Huawei ’s suppliers to choose one of the U.S. or Huawei. This will undoubtedly increase the cost of negotiations or trade, and will harm the entire global industry chain. Fair competition and technological innovation.

Insiders in the US: Restrictions on Huawei will harm US self-interest The US suppression of Huawei has been criticized and questioned by the United States and abroad. Many people in the U.S. industry also hold a negative attitude toward new restrictions that may be introduced by the United States. The US "Wired" magazine quoted a comment from Elsa Carnia, a researcher at the new US Security Center, on March 31, stating that restrictions on Huawei will promote China's technological independence. Neil Thomas, a senior researcher at the Paulson Institute in Chicago, also said that the new US restrictions will further prompt Huawei to turn to China's semiconductor supply chain. US trade lawyer Doug Jacobson believes that the new restrictions will have a greater negative impact on US companies than Huawei, because Huawei will develop its own supply chain. In fact, as early as early March, a report issued by the Boston Consulting Group sponsored by the American Semiconductor Industry Association showed that restricting trade with China in the semiconductor field or even directly "decoupling" will permanently damage the US semiconductor

33 industry and eventually lead to its loss The global competitive advantage and leading position have a significant negative impact on the United States.

Report released by the Boston Consulting Company of the United States on March 9 According to the report, the United States began restricting the sale of certain technical products to △Huawei in May 2019. In the three quarters since then, the median income of top US semiconductor companies has declined by 4% to 9%.

China will never ignore the US's technology bullying For some time now, some people in the United States seem to have been committed to curbing China's development and constantly stumbling upon Chinese high-tech enterprises. Following the inclusion of Huawei on the "Entity List" in May last year, the United States has used one trick after another, not only slandering and rumours, but also accused Huawei and other companies of being "controlled by the government" "paralyzing the network" and "5G equipment may be Used for espionage, affixing hats such as "stealing secrets" and "threatening national security" to enterprises, and threatening domestic enterprises internally and lobbying foreign countries to intimidate other countries. Regarding the possible new restrictions imposed by the United States, Huawei ’s rotating chairman Xu Zhijun responded on March 31: “The Chinese government will not let Huawei slaughter or ignore Huawei. I believe the Chinese government will also take some countermeasures. Why can't the US company's 5G chips, base stations and smartphones that contain 5G chips, and various smart terminals be used in China for the same network security reasons? " Xu Zhijun said that once the Pandora's box is opened, it may be a devastating chain damage to the global industrial ecology, and it may be more than just a Huawei enterprise. It is difficult for any player in the global industry chain to be alone. Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying also said on the 2nd that Huawei ’s rotating chairman Xu Zhijun ’s rhetorical question was very powerful and reasonable. The position of the Chinese government is consistent. We are firmly opposed to the use of national power by the United States to suppress certain Chinese companies for unjustifiable charges. The Chinese government will never sit idly by with regard to this type of technological bullying by the US.

34 http://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/relnews/us/2020-04-04/doc-iimxxsth3612585.shtml Huawei can't use Google services, and Xiaomi's slogan has fallen? Official response: all misunderstood Since May last year, Huawei's international situation has been very bad. Until now, there has been no good improvement. This year, coupled with the impact of the epidemic, Huawei's overseas situation has once again worsened. But in order to be able to recover the losses overseas, Huawei did not choose to sit still, but increased its self- research efforts and chose to fight against the suppressing forces.

Just last month, the Huawei P40 series was officially released overseas. This is the first flagship machine equipped with HMS released by Huawei overseas. In order to win the favor of overseas consumers, Huawei has also given various incentives. Whether Huawei's P40 series can win back its lost share overseas is still hard to say, because Huawei has taken up nearly half of the country's cross-sections, so many domestic manufacturers have also gone to sea to make a living. The most intense competition with Huawei should be Xiaomi.

Since last year, Xiaomi has fully targeted Huawei in marketing. Xiaomi's popularity is up, but its domestic market share continues to decline. Fortunately, Xiaomi's overseas market performed well, which also allowed Xiaomi to stabilize the fourth place in the world last year. After the release of the Huawei P40 equipped with HMS this year, Xiaomi released the Mi 10 series overseas, and the price is the same as the Huawei P40 series. Obviously, it is to die with you.

You can do whatever you want in the competition on products. As long as it is a benign competition, I believe everyone is willing to see it. However, there is an old saying that "slap a person without a face, scold a person without revealing short". The words on the packaging box of the Mi 10 Pro overseas version deeply hurt Huawei's weakness. According to the picture given on the Internet, the packaging of Xiaomi 10 Pro has the slogan "Easily access the Google application you use most". If there is no such thing as Huawei, it is estimated that there is no problem in writing anything, but after these problems occur, it will inevitably make people think that Xiaomi is falling.

After this problem was spread, many people were vomiting that Xiaomi was very low, and the company's structure was too small. So is Xiaomi really so bottomless? For the comments of netizens, Xiaomi also quickly responded. In fact, this slogan does not mean Xiaomi, but Google requires it to do so, not only if Xiaomi has this, Android phone manufacturers should add it later. It happened that Xiaomi was the first batch of mobile phones released, so it hit the muzzle.

The explanation given by Xiaomi is that this slogan is like "intel inside" on a computer. This is the latest copy of the cooperation agreement. The previous version of the agreement has expired. Xiaomi is the latest batch of contracted manufacturers and the latest mobile phone manufacturer after the contract.

Although Xiaomi and Huawei are competing fiercely with mobile phone manufacturers, many people also feel disappointed with Xiaomi's marketing methods. However, Xiaomi believes that its own practices are all aimed at product competition and are also in the category of benign competition. I believe that Xiaomi will not use Google services to go down the road. If there is a chance, we believe that Xiaomi can still go hand in hand with Huawei. We also believe that all domestic manufacturers are willing to work together with Huawei, hoping to build a truly pure domestic smartphone one day.

35 https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1660145102592870838&wfr=spider&for=pc

Huawei officially announces overseas testing of new technology, this time Google is really panicked As we all know, since Huawei was included in the "Entity List" by the United States in May last year, more than thirty suppliers of Huawei in the United States have collectively discontinued their supply to Huawei. This includes Google's interruption of GMS services to Huawei, and GMS services have the greatest impact on Huawei's mobile phones. Without GMS services, Huawei mobile phone sales in overseas markets will plummet.

Faced with the oppression of the US government, Huawei has only one way, which is to research and develop on its own. In fact, after the United States sanctioned ZTE, Huawei had a series of preparations. The US blockade only advanced the time for Huawei to establish its own ecology. Without GMS, Huawei replaced it with HMS, which it had developed for a long time. It also uses $ 1 billion to encourage developers to develop applications for Huawei under the HMS architecture. Huawei's ecology has begun to take shape and can be used on mobile phones.

Recently, Huawei announced another news that Huawei will launch the "HuaweiSearch" application, hoping to replace . Currently, Huawei Search has been tested and launched overseas, and there is currently no Chinese version. However, if nothing else, it should be launched on the Huawei App Store soon, supporting both Huawei and Honor devices.

The announcement of Huawei caused a big sensation. The vast majority of the international search market is now occupied by Google. With Huawei's current influence, as long as Huawei search is online, it will definitely have a great impact on Google. You know that a large part of Google's revenue is brought by Google search marketing ads. Now Huawei is going to take a share, Google is really panic.

In fact, Huawei launched Huawei Search on this node, and it is not just about the "cake" of search market advertising revenue. The biggest reason is the promotion effect of search engines. Huawei's ecological chain is only initially established, and it needs a powerful promotion method such as a search engine to expand it.

But to be honest, it is very difficult for Huawei to completely replace Google search. Google has steadily occupied the international search market for so many years. Google search engine has occupied more than 78% of the global market share, and its strength cannot be underestimated. Huawei has just entered the search market and is ready to challenge the industry's first brother. Its difficulty can be imagined. Although Huawei's powerful cloud computing and network equipment are unquestionable, Google is also a big business. If the two really compete in the search field, it's really unclear who can win.

But think about Huawei's support in the largest Chinese market, and the odds will be much higher. Are many people waiting for Huawei's Hongmeng system to go online? With the support of so many people, little Google is not afraid. Huawei's mobile phone sales have also consistently ranked in the top three. With such a large user base, the promotion of Huawei search will not be too difficult. Huawei has just started in the field of mobile phone ecology, but looking at this mushrooming momentum, it is only a matter of time before Huawei's Hongmeng system goes hand in hand with Apple and Android.

36 https://www.sohu.com/a/315430162_222118

Huawei is banned! Can Android continue to work? On the 15th of this month, the U.S. government included Huawei in the regulatory "entity list" and barred Huawei from purchasing high-tech products and services in the United States. According to Reuters reports on the 20th, the United States Google has suspended some business cooperation with Huawei, including hardware and software transfers and the provision of technical services. Some other U.S. companies have also begun to stop supplying parts to Huawei.

Seeing this, many domestic pollens may worry that Google has turned its face with Huawei. Will Huawei no longer be able to use the Android system? In fact, you don't need to worry about this issue. The Android system belongs to the Android Open Source Project (AOPS, Android Open Source Project). It is purely open source and can be used by all mobile phones. Therefore, Huawei's use of the Android system is not affected unless the Android system is turned off. It is impossible to say that it does not affect it at all. After Google and Huawei ceased cooperation, Huawei phones will not be able to receive the latest version released by Google as soon as possible. Only after system updates are pushed to the open source community can new systems be further updated. There will also be some delays in updating system security patches. Of course, system updates are not a big deal for Android users. However, in foreign markets, Huawei has been hit hard. Google will no longer authorize Huawei phones to use Google Frame Services (GMS, Google Mobile Services), commonly known as "Google Family Bucket". Few users in China may have heard of Google Framework services, but if you want to play foreign games or applications, Google framework services are essential.

In foreign countries, Google ’s Google Map, YouTube, Gmail, Google Play Store and other hegemonic applications need the support of Google framework to use. Google Play, which is the Android application market, is used by foreigners to download applications. There are basically no third-party platforms. Gmail, Youtube, etc. are all national-level applications. Without them, it is equivalent to iPhones that cannot be installed in China. WeChat is the same as Alipay, not even the app download stores such as Appstore. And if Huawei phones cannot support it, it means that users who use Huawei phones overseas will not be able to use these applications, which also makes many overseas users have to give up Huawei phones and choose other brands. But the good news is that Android phones that have been previously announced by Huawei have not been affected by this.

37 https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1662746654653988616&wfr=spider&for=pc How did Huawei fight in 2020 without being strangled by the United States in 2019?

On March 31, Huawei announced its 2019 annual report. The report shows that Huawei's operating income in 2019 was 858.833 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 19.1%, net profit was 62.7 billion yuan, and cash flow from operating activities was 91.4 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 22.4%. This annual report makes history. On May 16, 2019, the U.S. Department of Commerce listed Huawei and its subsidiaries in the "Entity List". Without a license, Huawei will not be able to purchase software and hardware products and services from U.S. companies (hereinafter referred to as "5 · 16 sanctions "). In today's world, as the core of information technology originated in the United States. The core chips, operating systems and key software of various technology products are all "made in the United States." However, Huawei did not “die instantly” but instead maintained a multinational technology company with 100 billion US dollars in revenue to continue to survive. This is due to Huawei ’s deepening of the sense of anxiety in research and development, commercial strength, and business continuity management. There is deep accumulation. However, Huawei's rotating chairman Xu Zhijun said that the next 2020 will be Huawei's most difficult year. Xu Zhijun said that the U.S. sanctions on Huawei have been close to one year, the company's core parts reserves have been consumed more than half of the time, and the U.S. has been reporting the sanctions escalation from time to time. In addition, the new crown epidemic Black Swan not only impacts production, but also may cause the global economy Declining demand is shrinking. Adding multiple factors, Xu Zhijun said, "In 2020 (Huawei) strives to survive and to issue an annual report next year." Chinese individual consumers contributed 86% of performance growth Geographically, the annual revenue in 2019 increased by 137.631 billion yuan, of which China's revenue increased by 134.57 billion yuan, which indicates that 97.8% of the company's 2019 revenue growth came from the local market. Although the overall overseas market has been relatively flat, the US sanctions have indeed pressed the pause button for Huawei's overseas expansion. In 2018, the company's overseas business is in a state of rapid growth. Huawei's 2018 annual report shows that the company's annual revenue was 721.202 billion yuan, of which overseas business revenue was 349.04 billion yuan, accounting for 48.4% of the total revenue, an increase of 19.9% compared to 2017, and also exceeded the company's overall revenue growth. The rate is 19.5%. In 2019, it quickly fell to a flat state. However, Huawei has basically ensured that the company is in the most important regions overseas- "Europe, the Middle East, Africa." Huawei's overseas business is subdivided into four regions, namely "Europe, Middle East, Africa", "Asia-Pacific", "Americas", and "Other". "Europe, Middle East, Africa" has always been Huawei's largest region outside China, with revenue accounting for 24% of overall revenue (2019 data). “Europe, the Middle East, and Africa” was also the region where Huawei ’s overseas business grew the fastest. In 2018, Huawei ’s “Europe, Middle East, Africa” and “America” experienced the fastest growth, increasing by 24.3% and 21.3% respectively, exceeding the growth rate of China (19.1%) in that year, and exceeding the overall growth rate of Huawei ’s 2018 revenue (19.5 %). By 2019, Huawei had barely achieved a 0.7% growth in "Europe, the Middle East, and Africa", maintaining the stability of Huawei's overall overseas business, "Americas" maintained a 9.6% growth, and "Asia- Pacific" plunged 13.9%. In Huawei's annual report, the company attributes both the surge in overseas business in 2018 and the stagnation in 2019 to consumer businesses, which are dominated by smartphones. Before the U.S. sanctions, Huawei's mobile phones have penetrated the high-end market in the European market, competing with Samsung and Apple. At the end of 2018, the company stated that 50% of Huawei's mobile phone revenue in Europe comes from high-end flagship models. U.S. sanctions have prevented Huawei phones from using Google's GMS service anymore, which quickly led to a sharp drop in sales. According to the statistics of Canalys, a third-party agency, Huawei ’s mobile phone shipments in Europe in the second quarter of 2019 were 8.5 million units, a

38 decrease of 1.6 million units from the 10.1 million units in the same period last year, and a decrease of 16% year-on-year. Although Huawei mobile phones have fallen significantly overseas, they have created a sales miracle in the local market. In 2019, Huawei's smartphone-based consumer business revenue was 467.304 billion yuan, an increase of 118.452 billion yuan compared to 2018, and the company's annual revenue growth was 137.631 billion yuan (and 97.8% came from domestic), which means that In 2019, Huawei's 86.1% revenue growth came from the consumer business, and it was the consumer business in China. The real contribution of China's mobile phone business is likely to exceed 86.1%. Although Huawei has not announced the revenue of specific businesses in different regions, IDC data from third-party market research institutions show that Huawei ’s overseas shipments of mobile phones have decreased from 101 million in 2018 to 100 million (2019 data), a decrease 1 million units, the Chinese market shipments increased from 105 million units in 2018 to 140.6 million units (2019 data), an increase of 35.6 million units. Overseas has fallen to China, so Huawei ’s mobile phone consumer business in China should actually contribute more than 118.4 billion yuan, and its contribution to Huawei ’s revenue increase also accounts for more than 86.1%. However, the Chinese smartphone market was sluggish in 2019, and the overall plate fell by 7.5% year-on-year. While the Chinese people supported Huawei, other Chinese smartphone manufacturers suffered double-digit declines, and Apple's shipments in 2019 also fell by 9.7%. In the next year, the space for the consumer business to continue to rise has been very limited. Huawei is currently stepping up its own operating system, Hongmeng, and may be able to redeem the overseas market for consumer business, but in the short term this is a huge for Huawei Put in. If the consumer business contributed absolute strength to Huawei's performance growth in 2019, then Huawei's second largest business, the operator business, is another "ballast stone" for the company to maintain stability. Huawei's operator business has been at the threshold of nearly 300 billion yuan for three consecutive years. In 2018, the carrier business dropped slightly by 1.3% year-on-year, and in 2019, it achieved growth, an increase of 3.8% year-on-year. Moreover, the consumer business best reflects its technological strength, and Huawei has already ranked first in the world in this field. After the May 16 sanctions, Huawei quickly announced to the outside world that the "holes" in the operator's business were first filled. Xu Zhijun revealed that about $ 3 billion in revenue came from 5G services. 2019 is the first year of 5G construction. It will accelerate in 2020, which will bring opportunities to Huawei. The business that has been relatively affected is the enterprise business. Although the business business accounted for only 10.4% of the total revenue, since the customers it faces are global enterprises, from the perspective of growth potential, this business is very important. Future performance growth points. In 2018, Huawei's enterprise business maintained a growth rate of 23.8%. In 2019, the growth rate fell to 8.6%. A senior employee of Huawei's Enterprise Business Group stated that, like consumer business, the main reason is that China's revenue has maintained overall growth. How to withstand the double blow of sanctions and epidemic situation? Huawei's non-listed company has created a rotating chairman system. At present, the company has three rotating chairman Xu Zhijun, Hu Houkun and Guo Ping, and the founder Ren Zhengfei is hidden behind the daily management. Zhijun Xu graduated with a PhD degree from Nanjing University of Science and Technology. He has always been famous for his frankness within Huawei. At the annual report conference, Xu Zhijun did not use public relations to "play Tai Chi" on major issues related to Huawei's future survival, such as the news that the United States may increase sanctions against Huawei. "I think the Chinese government will not let Huawei be dominated or ignored by Huawei. I believe the Chinese government will also take some countermeasures." Xu Zhijun responded. He also asked why China could not ban 5G chips and devices in some countries for the same reason. This is the first time the company has closely linked Huawei to the Chinese government in public, and it also shows that the new US sanctions regulations that may be upgraded are more lethal. Since last fall, there have been reports of US plans to change rules and escalate sanctions. The latest news is that some senior US officials have proposed new measures, and foreign companies using US chip manufacturing technology and software must obtain US licenses before selling the chips to Huawei. The current rule is that only US companies are required to apply for a license. Foreign

39 companies need only meet the US technology ratio of no more than 25% in their products and technologies, and no license is required. Several industry sources interviewed by Caijing reporters said that if the new regulations are implemented, it will be more deadly for Huawei. It is mainly targeted at Taiwanese company TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) to further cut off Huawei's chip supply chain. . TSMC is the world's most advanced chip foundry, occupying more than 50% of the global chip foundry market. Huawei's semiconductor subsidiary Hisilicon has strong chip design capabilities, and chip manufacturing is handed over to TSMC and other foundries. As a result, the United States' "chip outage" has a much smaller impact on Huawei. At present, Huawei has launched mobile phone chips Kirin, The five self-developed chip series including server Kunpeng chip and AI rising chip basically cover all key business of Huawei. However, once TSMC is restricted, Huawei will not have a foundry to produce advanced chips in the short term, which will further limit the company’s smartphone business and enterprise business. Although SMIC is the most powerful chip foundry in China, the company only put into production a 14-nanometer chip production line in the fourth quarter of 2019, and its technology lags behind TSMC two generations. On March 29, China Daily published an editorial entitled "The U.S. Government Cannot Kill Huawei." The final paragraph of the editorial is "Unless Huawei loses its competitiveness, the U.S. government will not have the opportunity to stifle this Chinese company. If the new measures are implemented, the Chinese government has no choice but to take the same measures against certain U.S. companies. " Another key issue is that even if the United States does not increase sanctions, 2020 will still be very difficult for Huawei. At this annual report press conference, Xu Zhijun said that Huawei is expected to be on the "Entity List" in the United States throughout the year. He also actively mentioned that "the outside world has reported that our spare parts reserves are running out", but did not give a clear denial. It just means that Huawei has a difficult future. Many industry sources had previously estimated that Huawei's key parts and components reserve could maintain one to one and a half years of operation, and the sanctions have been close to one year. A sales director of a foreign chip agency that requested anonymity revealed to Caijing that Huawei is currently looking for US product replacement companies around the world. The supply source is not a problem, but the cost is much higher than the original purchase channel. Increase operating costs. Chip self-development and industrial ecological self-development are the core means for Huawei to fight sanctions. For the first time, Huawei has written its computing strategy into the company's annual report, stating that the company has since established a "connection and computing" dual strategy. Many viewpoints show that the US government's sanctions against Huawei are all double-edged swords that "damage the enemy for one thousand and damage eight hundred." On March 9, Boston Consulting Group (BCG), a well-known consulting organization in the United States, released a report "How Trade Restrictions with China Will Suspend the US Leadership in the Semiconductor Industry" (hereinafter referred to as "BCG Report"). The BCG report states that the United States has long been the global semiconductor industry leader, occupying 45% -50% of the global market share, but if the United States continues to comply with the restrictions imposed by the current "Entity List", it will lose 8% of the global share and 16 % Of the revenue; if the United States completely bans semiconductor companies from selling products to Chinese customers, global market share will be lost by 18 percentage points, and its revenue will be lost by 37%, which will actually decouple technology from China; these declines in revenue will inevitably lead to Significant reductions in research and development and capital expenditures, and lost 15,000 to 40,000 high-skilled direct jobs in the US semiconductor industry. South Korea may overtake the United States as a world semiconductor leader within a few years. The US government has made high-level rulings but has not closed all its doors. After the "16 May" sanctions, the United States has been issuing temporary permits, which have been renewed every three months. The latest validity period is May 1 this year. Some US companies can apply for temporary permits for a single business of Huawei. Britain is the United States' most important European ally. The British House of Commons voted earlier this month to allow Huawei to participate in Britain's 5G network construction.

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A number of industry sources told the Caijing reporter that as long as Huawei continues to stream parts and components, Huawei will not show high growth in 2020, but it will not be so pessimistic. In terms of specific services, in 2020, the acceleration of global 5G network construction is good news for Huawei, especially despite the emergence of the new crown epidemic, China's three major operators have not lowered their 5G network construction goals. Huawei's 2019 revenue of about $ 3 billion comes from 5G network revenue. The best situation for consumer and enterprise businesses in 2020 is to maintain the status quo and even grow slightly, but Huawei ’s R & D and market investment for consumer and enterprise businesses will increase significantly because the company is pushing HMS (Huawei Mobile Services) The mobile phone ecology (to make up for the absence of Google's GMS system) and Kunpeng's computing industry ecology all require urgent investment in both research and development and the market. In 2019, Huawei invested 131.559 billion yuan in research and development, accounting for 15.3% of annual revenue, an increase of 29.7% compared to 2018. In a recent media interview, Ren Zhengfei said that Huawei 2020 invested 20 billion US dollars in research and development (about 142.1 billion yuan). In addition, the outbreak of the new crown epidemic at the beginning of the year brought a huge risk of uncertainty to the global economy. The industry is generally worried that it will cause demand to shrink. Xu Zhijun said that it is difficult for Huawei to predict too much. The company's current goal is to ensure the health of employees. To meet the needs of governments and customers under the conditions. Table 1: Huawei's 2019 revenue distribution (by region)

41 https://www.gizchina.com/2020/02/06/huawei-xiaomi-oppo-and-vivo-formed-united-app-store/

HUAWEI, XIAOMI, AND VIVO FORMED UNITED APP STORE As Reuters reports, China’s Xiaomi, Huawei, OPPO and VIVO are working together to create a platform that allows developers outside China to upload their applications to this app store.

Analysts have said that the move aims to challenge Google’s dominance of the Play Market. People familiar with the matter said the platform, called the Global Developer Services Alliance (GDSA), is designed to make it easier for developers of games, music, movies and other applications to market their applications overseas.

According to Sensor Tower analyst Katie Williams, in 2019 Google received about $8.8 billion in revenue from Google Play.

WILL THIS APP STORE SUCCEED?

Nicole Peng, an analyst at Canalys said: ‘By forming this alliance each company will be looking to leverage the others’ advantages in different regions, with Xiaomi’s strong user base in , Vivo and Oppo in Southeast Asia, and Huawei in Europe.’

IDC data show that in the fourth quarter of 2019, these four companies accounted for 40.1% of global smartphone shipments.

IDC smartphone analyst Will Wong thinks because of low hardware sales, Chinese handset makers are trying to grab a bigger share of software and services. ‘App store, pre-loading apps, advertisements, and gaming are areas that could generate new revenue,’ he said.

By the way, Huawei has developed its own mobile operating system, Harmony OS, as an alternative to Android.

Analysts said that GDSA may be able to attract application developers by providing higher exposure. . In addition, the new platform may also provide better monetary incentives.

Williams said: ‘By making it simple for developers to increase their reach across multiple app stores, Huawei, Oppo, Vivo, and Xiaomi stand to attract more developers and, ultimately, more apps.’

But Nicole Peng also pointed out that managing this alliance can be a challenge. ‘The execution is difficult as its hard to say which company is pulling more weight and investing more in it. We haven’t seen the alliance model work well in the past.’

42 https://www.24hchina.com/chinese-app-store-list/

Chinese App Store List: Top 10 App Stores in China

Apple’s App Store Has a Chinese Version for China In China, for people using iOS devices, Apple’s App Store is still the go-to place and it has a Chinese version specific for China. However, some apps, for example, almost all VPN apps, are not available in Apple’s Chinese App Store after China’s recent VPN crackdown.

Google’s Play Store Is Blocked in China However, when it comes to Android app stores in China, things are quite different. The Google Play Store is blocked in China, so it won’t be able to accessed directly from China. You can’t access it on your mobile phone or visit Google Play Store’s website in China. How to Access the Google Play Store in China If you want to visit the Google Play Store from China, you can use a VPN. Make sure to choose some VPNs that are still functioning in China, Below are some VPNs that we recommend for visiting Google’s Play Store in China: There Are Many Chinese Android App Stores in China As a result of the blocking of the Google Play Store, Android users in China have to use different sources for app downloads. There’re a number of alternative Android app stores in China. Those stores are maintained by giant Internet companies (such as ), hardware manufacturers (such as Huawei, Xiaomi and Vivo), as well as telecom companies (such as China Mobile). When a customer in China buys a new Android phone, the new phone usually comes with a pre- installed app store, severing as the default one for that phone. For example, if you buy a Xiaomi phone in China, your phone will have Xiaomi’s MIUI App Store pre-installed. Almost all Chinese app stores will display the (as most mobile phone purchased in China uses Chinese as its default language).

Top 10 Chinese App Stores Below is a list of the top 10 Chinese app stores for Android devices: 1. Tencent MyApp App Store

Chinese Name: 腾讯应用 宝 Website: https://android.myapp.com/ Tencent MyApp is currently the most popular Chinese app store. It’s provided by China’s Internet giant Tencent. Tencent is the owner of some very popular Chinese software such as WeChat and QQ. Tenent MyApp currently has 270 million monthly active users and it’s the No. 1 Chinese app store at this moment. 2. Oppo App Store : OPPO软件商店 Website: https://store.oppomobile.com/ Oppo is a Chinese and mobile communications company with popular products such as smartphones and Blu-ray players. In recent years Oppo’s app store has grown in popularity. With about 125 million active users per month, The Oppo app store currently is the second largest Chinese app store in China. 3. Huawei App Store Chinese Name: 华为应用市场 Website: http://app.hicloud.com/ Huawei is a big Chinese company manufacturing telecommunications equipment and consumer electronics. In recent years Huawei’s mobile phones has become one of the best-selling phones

43 world-wide. And the Huawei App Store has also been growing in popularity. With around 122 million monthly active users, the Huawei app store in currently one of the top 3 app stores in China. 4. 360 Mobile Assistant

Chinese Name: 360手机助手 Website: http://zhushou.360.cn/ 360 Mobile Assistant is an Chinese app store from Qihoo 360, a Chinese internet security company with products including antivirus software and a popular web browser used by many China Internet users. For many years 360 Mobile Assistant had been staying at the second place for the top Chinese app stores until it was passed by the Oppo app store and the Huawei app store. Still being one of the top Chinese app stores, 360 Mobile Assistant currently has around 102 million active monthly users. 5. Xiaomi App Store

Chinese Name: 小米应用商店 Website: http://app.xiaomi.com/ Xiaomi is a very popular Chinese company with products including smartphones, mobile apps, laptops and related consumer electronics. Xiaomi’s mobile phones ship with its own Android , called MIUI, which is based on Google’s Android operating system, and the Xiaomi app store is the default app store shipped with every Xiaomi phones sold in China. As one of the top Chinese app stores, the Xiaomi app store currently has about 87 million monthly active users. 6. Baidu Mobile Assistant Chinese Name: 百度手机助手 Website: http://as.baidu.com/ Baidu is the largest search engine in China. As Google left the Chinese market in 2010 and has been completed blocked in China, Baidu is now the dominate please for people to do online searches. Baidu also has other products. For example, it’s been active in the field of AI. Baidu has its own Chinese app store, called Baidu Mobile Assistant. This Chinese app store currently has about 81 million monthly active users. 7. VIVO App Store Chinese Name: VIVO应用商店 Website: https://dev.vivo.com.cn/distribute/appStore VIVO is a Chinese company that makes smartphones, phone accessories, software, and provides online services. VIVO’s parent company is BBK Electronics, which is also the parent company for other popular mobile phones such as OPPO and OnePlus. The VIVO app store is shipped with every VIVO phones sold in China. As one of the top Chinese app stores, the VIVO app store currently has about 69 million monthly active users. 8. PP Assistant Chinese Name: PP助手 Website: https://www.25pp.com/ PP Assistant is a Chinese app store from the Chinese tech giant Alibaba. In addition to listing apps for Android, PP Assistant also has two app stores for iOS, one for jailbroken iOS devices and the other one non-jailbroken iOS devices. As one of the top 10 Chinese app stores, the PP Assistant app store currently has about 25 million monthly active users. 9. China Mobile MM Store

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Chinese Name: 中国移动MM应用商场 Website: http://mm.10086.cn/store China Mobile is a state-owned Chinese telecom company that provides mobile voice and multimedia services across mainland China. China Mobile has its own Chinese app store, called the China Mobile MM Store. As one of the top 10 Chinese app stores, it currently has about 25 million monthly active users. 10. Anzhi Market Chinese Name: 安智市场 Website: http://www.anzhi.com/applist.html Anzhi Market is a China app store that has been around for many years. It has an active community that allow members to discuss and rate Android apps. As one of the top 10 Chinese app stores, Anzhi Market currently has about 25 million monthly active users.

45 http://dy.163.com/v2/article/detail/F90DQC7Q05452YLH.html Google in the U.S. finally eats itself: Huawei HMS completely replaces GMS, and the monopoly dream should wake up! For any technology company, core technology and product innovation will always be the main competitiveness, and the Android system, which has the world's largest market share, has already become the only option for almost global mobile phone manufacturers to survive. In addition to Apple's independent and independent iOS system ecosystem, major mobile phone manufacturers including Samsung, Huawei, Xiaomi, OPPO, and vivo all rely on the Android operating system licensed by Google to produce smartphones, which also means that Google has full control of Android The power of life and death of the system, any other mobile phone manufacturers only have the right to use.

In October 2008, the world's first smartphone equipped with the Android system was born. Subsequently, Google adopted a series of specific measures to vigorously promote the Android system, including free and open source preferential policies, and quickly won the recognition of a large number of mobile phone manufacturers. Its market share It has also ushered in an unprecedented explosive growth and is widely used in various mobile devices such as TVs, digital cameras, game consoles, and smart watches, becoming the world's largest operating system with market share surpassing Saipan and iOS. However, after the market share and business value have grown savagely, Google has gradually begun to show the side of technological hegemony, and Huawei has unfortunately become the number one target of Google's focus.

Last year, after the United States included Huawei in the physical control list, the US technology giant Google immediately announced the suspension of GMS authorization for Huawei, which directly caused Huawei mobile phones to be hit hard in overseas markets. In most overseas regions, the lack of a Google service suite for an Android phone means that it cannot meet the needs of local consumers and cannot be sold at all. At the time, under the influence of the entity control list, many overseas suppliers began to draw a line with Huawei, including hardware and software suppliers and a large number of US-based partners. However, I did not expect that Huawei's next series of operations had to be impressive. Not only did it officially release the independently-developed Hongmeng operating system and HMS, but also radically reshaped and reorganized the supply chain and industry chain. US supply chain. "

After the United States has frequently adopted various measures with the power of "national power", can Huawei reach a wish to successfully break through the cages set by the US technology giants through independent technology research and development and joint local Chinese suppliers? In recent years, Huawei's every move has been infinitely amplified by the outside world. At the same time, Huawei has also carried greater pressure and the expectations of domestic consumers, and Huawei's continuous efforts will not be paid for in the end. flow. Recently, the new Huawei P40 series has just been released, which has become a milestone in officially counterattacking Google. According to the official announcement recently, the new series of Huawei P40 series has built-in HMS service, completely rid of dependence on Google GMS. For a long time, as the global monopoly giant with the largest market share, Google does not seem to care about the feelings of mobile phone manufacturers. It has unscrupulously adopted some abnormal management and control against Huawei and forced the suspension of GMS authorization on Huawei mobile phones. Huawei's final bottom line is to die and survive. In order to survive, Huawei has to adopt a radical strategy to make a living by itself. Hongmeng System and HMS are the fist products of Huawei's independent core industry chain.

Although late in the game, Huawei is confident. According to official data, Huawei's HMS has covered more than 170 countries and regions around the world, with more than 1.3 million application developers and more than 400 million monthly active users. Obviously, after Google stopped GMS authorization, Huawei intends to build through HMS Independent software ecosystem, thereby completely getting rid of Google's GMS, and further consolidating its own software ecosystem. The original mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation was reluctant to do it. Google, which had asserted itself as a monopoly giant, finally suffered bad results. With the rapid development and

46 growth of Huawei's independent software ecosystem, HMS completely replaced GMS has also become a reality, and Google's dream of monopoly should wake !! Win-win cooperation is an inevitable trend of globalization, but focusing on cooperation does not mean completely giving up independent research and development. Not only can we blindly rely on the existing technologies and products provided by our suppliers, nor can we focus on cooperation. Huawei has always expressed its willingness to continue its cooperation with Google on the Android system.

At the same time, while Huawei is fully promoting the HMS autonomous software ecosystem, it also means that Google ’s position as a monopoly giant is facing challenges. Once Huawei has built up its autonomous ecosystem, how can Google have the good fruit?

47 https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1634098456490903753&wfr=spider&for=pc

After the US ban, Google will make up for the knife again, Huawei is "prepared"? The United States lacks "heart" and China lacks "core".

After the US Department of Commerce ban, Google shot first. The latest news is that according to Reuters, Google has stopped all business with Huawei except open source. The report also pointed out that Huawei will not be able to obtain the latest Android version of the operating system, and Google will no longer provide any technical support to Huawei. Huawei will not be able to install Google apps on phones targeted at overseas markets. Yesterday, Google responded: comply with the order, review the impact, the Chinese market services are not affected. Android response: Existing Huawei devices can still use services such as Google Play.

Since then, Huawei has responded: Huawei has the ability to continue to develop and use the Android ecosystem, and its products and services will not be affected in the Chinese market. At a regular press conference of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs yesterday, spokesman Lu Kang said: "We will continue to pay close attention to developments and support Chinese companies to take up legal weapons to defend their legitimate rights. Before that, Huawei had already faced tremendous pressure. On May 15, the U.S. Department of Commerce stated that it would include Chinese company Huawei and its 70 affiliates in a controlled "entity list." At more than 2 a.m. on May 17th, He Tingbo, President of Huawei Hisilicon, released a "letter to employees". The letter wrote: Huawei has made the assumption of extreme survival many years ago. Chips and technology will not be available, and Huawei will continue to serve customers. He Tingbo said that Hisilicon will launch a "spare tire" plan to fulfill Huawei's commitment to continuous customer service to ensure the strategic safety of most of the company's products and the continuous supply of most of its products. At this point, "spare tires" for many years, "normalized" overnight! So, what impact will Google "break supply" on Huawei? What problems does Huawei's spare tire system encounter? Faced with such a situation, what should Huawei do? Let's take a look at the big head analysis.

The reason why the United States dares to be so mad is that although China is already the world's largest information and communication power and mobile communication power, the lack of "heart" (chip) and "soul" (operating system) in the field of information communication has not been fundamentally improved. . Google's suspension of Huawei-related businesses and services will have an impact on Huawei's continued production and sale of mobile phones for use overseas, and how much impact has yet to be assessed. However, Huawei's self-developed mobile operating system "Hongmeng" is on the line, and I believe that in the future, we will try our best to minimize this adverse impact. Of course, the operating system is ecologically linked. Can Huawei ’s self-developed mobile operating system "Hongmeng" seamlessly connect with Android overseas, connect with all Android applications and update in real time, and allow users to try it seamlessly? The real test of Huawei and China's strength. At present, it is very important that all spare tires of Hisilicon become normal, which is the best opportunity to test the strength of Hisilicon chips. The difficulties are of course, such as chip performance, reliability, compatibility with existing software, and chips designed and developed based on the existing ARM architecture. The security of foundry production, what to do after the future upgrade of the ARM architecture ,and many more. But the method is more difficult than that. After all, China has such a large market and the most complete ICT industry chain. As long as we are united and support Huawei at the 2B or 2C level, we will definitely be able to survive the dark moments. There is a bright future. This incident reminds us once again of the importance of autonomy and control.

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In the coming era of the Internet of Everything, all connected nodes are inseparable from the chip. At the same time, except for a few special application cases, almost all nodes are inseparable from the operating system. Therefore, it is more important to develop independent chips and operating systems in the 5G era. And urgent. It is too early to assert that in the 5G era, we can completely get rid of the lack of "heart" and "soul". However, whether it is Huawei's plan or other self-controllable national forces' self-improvement, it will undoubtedly strive for us in the 5G era. To the right to speak. China has announced the commercialization of 5G in 2020. In fact, the industry is more positive about 5G. 5G chips, 5G networks, domestic smart terminal operating systems, we are becoming more and more powerful. China's lack of "heart" and "soul" counterattacks is beginning with Huawei.

The news that Google has suspended some of its business with Huawei has greatly affected foreign Huawei mobile phone users. After all, Google Mobile Services (GMS) is a series of applications and services provided by Google, including Gmail, Chrome, Google Maps, etc., which are not open source, and are subject to Google testing to obtain authorization. Many Android phone functions abroad need to call these underlying services. If the service is cut off, many applications will be unavailable on Huawei phones, and not just the Google App Store, Gmail email service, and YouTube video application. Wait for Google products. Obviously, in the foreign market, how to deal with Google's supply cuts is Huawei's top priority. In this regard, the media widely quoted Yu Chengdong, head of Huawei Consumer BG, on social media a few days ago: "In addition to its own chip, (Huawei) also has the core capabilities of the operating system." This reference has a metaphorical color. In addition to the spare tire in the chip field, Huawei also has a spare tire for the operating system-starting from 2012, it planned its own operating system "Hongmeng". But Hongmeng and are very different. All the essentials of Hisilicon's "spare tires" are technical, that is, to achieve comparable performance in technology, Huawei phones can have "core" protection. Hongmeng's "spare tire" is set with both technical and ecological attributes. In addition to technically replacing Android, it also needs to be able to quickly complete the absorption or compatibility of a large number of mobile applications. Obviously, the ecological meaning of the latter is by no means a task that can be achieved in a short time.

In this regard, Huawei has also been transmitting a message internally: the self-developed system is a backup plan under extreme circumstances, and will not be used unless necessary. The current situation is quite grim, but it is clearly not inevitable. According to statistics, Huawei's overseas mobile phone shipments now account for more than half of the total shipments; meanwhile, Huawei's shipments in 2018 were 206 million units, accounting for 14.8% of global shipments. In other words, if Google cuts its supply, Huawei's existing overseas market share will encounter a huge setback. This is not something that can be solved by starting an operating system from scratch. If a spare tire is started, the application ecology involved is too complicated and requires long-term digestion. In the short term, what can really make Huawei break through the barriers is still the domestic market that accounts for half of its shipments. After all, its impact is minimal. Deeply tapping the potential of the domestic market, and marketing to some countries and regions where Google ’s ecological coverage is not strong, will allow Huawei to build a "strategic buffer zone" and win some time.

Next, Huawei may have three breakthrough directions: 1. Using the self-developed system and the domestic mobile phone manufacturers under the same pressure as Huawei to work with the ecosystem to gradually build an ecosystem different from Google, the most difficult, but the best solution to the problem.

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2. Wait for the wind direction to change, restart the cooperation with Google, the most variable, but the most trouble-free. 3. Through China's smart phone market and the increasingly complete and relatively independent Android ecosystem, stepping out of the cage of calling Google services through radiation and market penetration, its synergy requirements are high and its success is difficult. However, Huawei has been building on the related soft ecology, and the various layouts that more smart phone ecological chain companies in China have been pursuing, may form a more independent operating system ecological chain, although it is still based on Android. Perhaps, in a global collaborative market, no company, including Google, can really withstand the various hidden dangers caused by a lapse in supply. The suppliers who are under pressure from Huawei should also be under pressure. Therefore, cooperation will still be reopened, but it will take a while, not too long.

The news of Google suspending some of its business with Huawei will have some impact on Huawei's business, including affecting the experience of using the Android system, and it will cause some problems in the system update in the future. Although Hisilicon chip spare tires are turning positive, the system lacks sufficient developers, and the system has not yet been used on a large scale. There may be lack of verification in fluency and the need to upgrade, and some users may not adapt. At present, Huawei is more difficult, and it needs to be observed for a period of time in the future. The short-term impact of inventory is not great, but if the problem is not solved for a long time, it may affect customer retention. In addition, Huawei's situation may also spread to other areas. In some areas with core technology companies, especially those involving 5G, AI and other core areas, Chinese companies may also be suppressed. But American companies will also be affected, so we need to continue to observe in the future. Or there will be some room for transition, and we must have confidence in the Chinese economy and enterprises.

50 http://finance.sina.com.cn/chanjing/gsnews/2020-04-01/doc-iimxyqwa4421372.shtml The first annual report under the US containment came to Huawei's net profit of 62.7 billion yuan last year Every year, Huawei's financial report attracts much attention. This year, everyone is even more concerned because this is the first annual report under the weight of the list of US entities.

On the afternoon of March 31, Huawei released its 2019 annual report online. Last year, Huawei's sales revenue was 858.8 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 19.1%; net profit was 62.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.6%. To the outside world, the growth of key indicators is not easy, but Huawei will face greater challenges in 2020. Because the business in the first half of last year was stable, business inertia has also hedged against the sanctions in the second half of the year, and in 2020 Huawei will completely survive the US entity list. Therefore, Xu Zhijun, Huawei's rotating chairman, told the media, including the 21st Century Business Herald, at the financial report communication meeting: "2020 is the most difficult year for Huawei."

Xu Zhijun said: "2019 is a challenging year. We have a lot of reserves to meet customer demand. This year, the industry predicts that our reserves will soon run out, and it is also a crucial year to test whether continuity can play a role. The new crown epidemic is Another situation that we haven't predicted has brought about a global economic downturn, turmoil, and expected slowdown in demand, which are new challenges we haven't predicted. " When the external strike changes from a black swan to a gray rhino, is Huawei ready? From the first three months of 2020, the comprehensive three-dimensional attack in the United States has never stopped: suing Huawei, dismissing Huawei's lawsuit, pressure 5G under the name of security ... The most serious thing is the media report. The new export control measures, which will change the sanctions technical indicators to a stricter 10%, may limit the supply of chips to Huawei by chipmakers including TSMC. In this regard, Xu Zhijun also responded very directly, Huawei will not let anyone be slaughtered, Huawei can also buy chips from Samsung, Taiwan MTK and Spreadtrum. At the same time, he also pointed out: "I expect this information to be false, otherwise there will be endless troubles. It is difficult for any player in the global industry chain to survive alone. Once the Pandora's box is opened, it may be a devastating chain damage to the globalized industrial ecology. It is possible that more than one Huawei company will be destroyed. We hope to cooperate with the global industry chain. " Performance growth is not easy, and the structure continues to change Xu Zhijun said at the communication meeting: "(We) strive to survive in 2020 and can also release financial results next year." This is Huawei's long-standing sense of crisis in survival, and the energy it emits is also great. In 2019, Huawei's total revenue still maintained a double-digit growth (19.1%), which was almost the same as the 19.5% growth in 2018, holding the first external blow. However, it is unrealistic to have no impact. In terms of net profit, Huawei's growth rate has slowed down.In 2018, Huawei's net profit increased by 25.1% year-on- year, and in 2019 it reached a single-digit growth (5.6%). It can also be seen from the region. In 2019, Huawei's China revenue increased by 36.2% year-on-year, the Americas increased by 9.6%, while Europe, the Middle East and Africa increased slightly by 0.7%, and the Asia-Pacific region fell by

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13.9%. Regarding the decline in the Asia-Pacific region, Huawei said that it was affected by the fluctuation of the investment cycle of the operator market in some countries and the inability of the consumer business to use the GMS ecosystem. Let's look at the three main businesses: operator business, enterprise business and consumer business. In the operator business area, Huawei achieved sales revenue of 296.7 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8% year-on-year; corporate business achieved sales revenue of 89.7 billion yuan, an increase of 8.6% year-on-year. Consumer business maintained steady growth, with shipments of more than 240 million smartphones and sales of 467.3 billion yuan, an increase of 34% year-on-year. Among them, Huawei's mobile phone shipments in 2019 surpassed Apple to become the world's second largest mobile phone manufacturer. Gartner's report shows that Huawei's global growth rate in 2019 will reach 18.6%. In addition, although the United States has extended its ban on Huawei, Huawei's active implementation of its smartphone strategy in China will increase the company's Chinese market share in 2019 by 37%. On the whole, the revenue of the three major businesses has maintained a growth trend, and the financial report does not announce their respective profits. However, from the perspective of the previously disclosed gross profit margin in the first half of 2019, it has been relatively stable. In the first six months, Huawei ’s operator gross profit margin was 54.71%, enterprise business was 43.68%, and consumer business was 30.24%. It should be noted that when the 2020 financial report is announced, Huawei ’s main business will become four major sectors, joining the Cloud & AI business, and upgrading from the original cloud business. This is Huawei's change at the beginning of this year, raising Cloud & AI to Huawei's fourth largest BG. Before that, "Cloud & AI products and services" belonged to the BU (Business Unit) department within Huawei, but now it is officially upgraded to an independent BG, which together with the operator BG, enterprise BG, and consumer BG form the four major BGs of Huawei. At the same time, the 21st Century Business Herald reporter also noted that Huawei ’s long-established smart car business is also reflected in the financial report for the first time. In the second half of 2019, the smart car solution BU was officially established and became part of Huawei ’s ICT business organization. In 2020, Huawei will continue to seek development, make organizational changes, and continue to invest in research and development. In 2019, Huawei's R & D expenses reached 131.7 billion yuan, accounting for 15.3% of the annual sales revenue. In the past ten years, the total investment in research and development has exceeded 600 billion yuan. According to reports, Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei said in an interview recently that this year Huawei will increase investment in research and development, and that research and development expenditure will increase to more than 20 billion US dollars in 2020, up from 15 billion US dollars last year. The black swan becomes a gray rhino, The summit road is more difficult There is no doubt that the US blockade will continue, especially the blow to Huawei's chip supply chain. According to Gu Wenjun, chief analyst of ICwise: "The threat of the sword of Damocles is indecisive. If the United States is now completely cutting off the supply to Huawei, the impact on Huawei will be less In particular, the period of psychological panic has passed. It is estimated that the United States will continue to do so this year: on the one hand, it will contain high-profile containment, while on the other hand, it will allow supplies, especially in the case of poor economic conditions this year.

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Gu Wenjun told the 21st Century Business Herald that this "sword" should not fall this year, because this year is the US election year, and companies want performance, coupled with the outbreak of the epidemic, the pressure on business operations is even greater. It is expected that stability next year may increase Stricter requirements. The most affected are the two key services of Huawei terminals and 5G. First of all, the terminal faces the challenge of shrinking overseas markets. Xu Zhijun also said that after being included in the list of entities on May 16, last year, it is increasing its research and development efforts to "fill holes" and is committed to restructuring the supply chain. Revenue is at least about $ 10 billion. "After May last year, our new machines sold overseas could not be pre-installed with GMS. In order to protect the interests and experience of Huawei smartphone users worldwide, Huawei launched HMS. But we also look forward to Google Apps in Huawei's application market APP Gallery On the shelves, we hope that Huawei's 5G mobile phones can be sold more overseas, but we cannot make more accurate predictions now, which actually depends on the construction of our HMS. "Xu Zhijun told reporters. Today, Huawei ’s newly released P40 flagship has been equipped with an HMS system, which has become a key model for expanding overseas markets. In the second half of the year, the flagship Mate series is also very important. However, the construction of the mobile terminal ecosystem is a protracted battle, and more developers and software partners are needed to join. According to the latest Counterpoint report, in February 2020, the top three global mobile phone sales were Samsung, Apple and Huawei. The report pointed out that under the epidemic, Huawei, which was most affected by China's supply and demand, performed much better than expected. In February, smartphone sales exceeded 12 million, and its global market share fell by only 1%. Looking at 5G again, Xu Zhijun said: "Pragmatically speaking, the US crackdown has greatly affected our global 5G business, at least it has added a lot of workload to us. We need to spend a lot of time with customers, partners and Relevant government regulators explained. In addition, we still have a few customers who have chosen Huawei 2G, 3G and 4G technologies, but have not continued to choose our 5G technology; or some regions have not continued to choose Huawei's technology. " However, in the eyes of industry insiders, 5G will have considerable development, and everyone sees the need for communication technology from the epidemic situation. Even for the future, it is a major positive. The next epidemic may come again, but in addition to medicine, the method of confrontation also includes communication science. The human conquest of nature may not be achieved by direct confrontation. It may be achieved by other civilizations. For example, we can all work online without having to go out. The epidemic has nothing to do with us. 5G progress may slow down, but only in the short term, long-term 5-10 years will make a big and violent change in our lives. Last year, Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei once said: "American companies rushed up from the south slope, we rushed up from the north slope. When meeting at the summit, we do n’t fight bayonet, we have to embrace and cheer, we cheer for the digital human information service It's a big trend, and multiple standards will eventually win. " It now appears that this road of has become more difficult. Now that the United States has no fundamental change in Huawei's attitude, and there is no possibility of embracing it, it is a positive response.

53 http://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/relnews/us/2020-02-01/doc-iimxxste7966265.shtml The United States regrets it, Huawei insists that it will no longer use Google services Huawei ’s manager in Austria, Fred Wangfei, revealed that even if the US lifts the ban in the future, Huawei has no plans to use Google services. This means that Huawei will work hard to carry its own chip + Hongmeng OS system, which will completely break the monopoly advantage of American companies in the mobile market. In the mobile operating system market, the Android system owned by Google in the United States is the world's largest mobile operating system, occupying more than 80% of the market share in the mobile operating system market; the second largest mobile operating system is also owned by American companies, namely Apple's iOS system. iOS is exclusively used by Apple, while Android is open to all mobile phone companies. Google ’s Android system can become the world ’s largest mobile operating system, and it ’s inseparable from its openness. However, as Android ’s position in the mobile phone market has gradually stabilized, Google has become increasingly arrogant, constantly putting pressure on mobile phone companies and limiting mobile phone companies. Customizing the Android system and requiring more and more Google applications at the same time has made Android phone companies angry, but because of Google's strength, many Android phone companies dare to speak. In the face of this situation, Huawei emerged, saying that it began to develop its own Hongmeng OS system as early as 2012, surpassing the Android system in terms of system fluency, more secure in terms of security, and can be adapted to mobile phones, tablets, Products such as wearable devices can be replaced at any time to replace Google's Android system. The main obstacle to Hongmeng's OS system is that the ecology is not perfect. Last year, Huawei launched its own HMS service to replace Google's GMS service. In order to further enrich the application of HMS services, Huawei has invested US $ 3 billion to encourage global application developers to develop applications for it. At the same time, it has launched the Ark compiler to allow application developers to integrate Android Application migration to HMS service. After more than half a year's efforts, HMS service can provide more than 100,000 applications. In addition to actively attracting application developers to develop applications for HMS services, Huawei has also cooperated with Google's competitors. Previously, it reached a cooperation with European map company TomTom. It is expected that more Google competitors will be put into Huawei's arms in the future. To further enrich the application of HMS services, this move is especially scary to Google, because Huawei's move will help many of Google's competitors to grow and develop, breaking Google's dominant position in the mobile market. As Huawei continues to cooperate with US chip companies' competitors in the chip market, the performance of U.S. chip companies has fallen sharply. Even the US Department of Defense has come forward to oppose the U.S. Department of Commerce to further restrict the cooperation between U.S. chip companies and Huawei. Worries that restricting Huawei will in turn further affect the long-term development of US chip companies. Now that Huawei has a tough performance to cultivate its own HMS service + Hongmeng OS, it will break the monopoly advantage of American companies in the Internet market and break the leading advantage of American companies from multiple industries. This is probably causing the United States to regret it and restricting Huawei may be causing The terrible consequences of shooting yourself in the foot.

54 https://tieba.baidu.com/p/6467743566 Huawei ’s manager in Austria, Fred Wangfei, revealed that Huawei has no plans to use Google services even if the US lifts the ban in the future. Huawei does not want to rely on U.S. technology because it may be banned again in the future. Huawei's plan is to build a third Android-based smartphone ecosystem, but will not provide Google services. Huawei claims that in 2020 alone, Huawei will invest about $ 3 billion in developing Huawei mobile services that will replace . HUAWEI HMS Core is a collection of open functions of Huawei Mobile Services, which can help developers effectively build high- quality applications. Huawei also developed the App Gallery to replace the Google Play Store

55 https://tech.ifeng.com/c/7vJ9QgZaxDU & https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/31/huawei-wants-to-put- google-apps-in-its-own-app-store-after-android-block.html

Huawei plans to launch Google app, analysts call it "an important milestone for Huawei" According to the National Broadcasting Corporation Business Channel (CNBC), Huawei was included in the list of US sanctions entities last year, which restricted U.S. companies from doing business with China's Huawei, and Google was forced to ban Huawei from using its Android mobile operating system. But at present, Huawei has thrown hydrangea to Google, hoping that Google will provide Google applications through Huawei's self-developed application store. According to reports, Huawei's invitation to Google to join the Huawei App Store is a new idea for Huawei. CNBC said that Huawei hopes to attract more overseas users to use Huawei's latest mobile phones without the latest Android operating system license. Due to being included in the list of sanctions entities, Huawei ’s two latest flagship smartphones: the Mate 30 series and the P40Pro series have not been licensed for Google applications. This means that Google services such as Gmail or Google Maps are not pre-installed on the device. In an interview with CNBC, Xu Zhijun said that the U.S. trade sanctions blacklist has reduced Huawei's consumer business revenue by $ 10 billion in 2019. Because in the international market, many users will care whether Huawei can install Google's applications and enjoy Google services on Huawei phones. CNBC said that although Huawei introduced its own operating system HarmonyOS last year, it said the system can be used on a variety of devices such as TVs and smartphones. But Huawei has not installed its own operating system on any of its phones. In contrast, the recently released P40 uses an open source version of Android, and it also carries Huawei's own application store, Huawei APPGallery. Xu Zhijun said Huawei still wants to use Google and all its services on its smartphones. But because the future is uncertain, Xu Zhijun proposed a different strategy: "We hope that Google services can be provided through our APPGallery, just as Google services can be provided through Apple's App Store." According to reports, despite being a competitor, And Apple and Google devices run different operating systems, but Google apps are still available through Apple ’s app store. Bryan Ma, vice president of equipment research at International Data Corporation (IDC), said in an interview with CNBC: "I have always believed that even if Huawei can make most major software developers use its application store APPGallery in the next few years, there will still be A key developer application will be left out: Google. "" So if Huawei can really get Google into its app store, it will be an important milestone. " Analysts said: This is a new idea for Huawei, which may be crucial if Huawei wants to succeed further in overseas markets. However, Google has not yet answered CNBC's interview request. However, there have been previous reports that Google has applied to the US government and hopes to continue to cooperate with Huawei to provide GMS mobile services for Huawei smartphones. Although Google did not make any statement about when the application can be decided, the news has attracted great attention from the industry.

56 https://new.qq.com/omn/20200401/20200401A059P200.html According to the analysis of the Boston Consulting Report, since the beginning of the "trade war", the revenue of the top 25 semiconductor companies in the United States has increased from 10% in the four quarters before the first round of tariffs in July 2018 to the end of 2018. About 1%. After the U.S. restricted sales of certain technology products to Huawei in May 2019, the revenue of top U.S. semiconductor companies fell by 4% to 9% in the three quarters. If the United States maintains the limits set in the current list of entities, it will lose 8 percentage points of global share and 16% of revenue. If the United States completely bans semiconductor companies from selling to Chinese customers, which would actually decouple technology from China, it would lose 18 percent of its global share and 37 percent of its revenue. These declines in revenue will inevitably lead to significant reductions in research and development and capital expenditures, and the loss of 15,000 to 40,000 high-skilled direct jobs in the US semiconductor industry.

Chinese companies have now established alternative non-U.S. Suppliers Screenshots from the Boston Consulting Group report

Destroyer can stir the small pond, but not the sea China also has "weapons of countermeasures". If China restricts US 5G chips and terminals and equipment containing US 5G chips from entering the Chinese market, American companies will suffer huge losses. China will not be affected. 5G equipment can be provided by Huawei, Samsung, Ericsson, Nokia, etc. 5G chips have alternative solutions such as MediaTek, Samsung, and Spreadtrum.

If China counters it, only Apple and Qualcomm will lose at least 70 billion U.S. dollars a year, which is equivalent to Boeing's revenue in 2019. Qualcomm is likely to lose its huge R & D investment because of its sharply shrinking market share. Had to withdraw from the 5G communications market. Qualcomm's fiscal year 2019 revenue was 24.7 billion US dollars, of which China's revenue reached 11.6 billion US dollars. If Chinese mobile phone manufacturers do not adopt the Qualcomm solution, Qualcomm will lose at least 40% of the global market share. Other US chip makers such as Broadcom, Micron, TI, Skyworks, and Qorvo will also be severely affected. In the first quarter after the U.S. ban on Huawei, Micron's revenue fell 42.3% year-on-year. These U.S. companies were out of breath and were the reason for the temporary extension of Huawei's temporary license.

57 https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1659039289853316247&wfr=spider&for=pc History of US suppression of Huawei: From obstruction to direct action, what will happen to Huawei? U.S. government embargo on Huawei has little effect so far With strong technical strength and hard work of employees, Huawei has minimized the impact of the US embargo. At present, Huawei's base stations and mobile phones can be used without US-made electronic components. However, there are still some embargoes that will affect Huawei to some extent. Hardware: Huawei has alternatives In the past, the author was most worried about some of the categories with the highest market share of U.S. manufacturers, such as FPGA chips, RF components, and AD / DA. Replacement of other countries and domestic components. The impact of the hardware embargo on Huawei is relatively small. Among them, Intel and AMD's laptop CPUs have no substitutes. If Intel and AMD can't supply, Huawei's laptop business will be shut down. However, the US government has relaxed these restrictions. toC software If laptop computers cannot be pre-installed with Microsoft's Windows operating system, business will be greatly affected. But Microsoft has been allowed to continue to supply Huawei. Huawei mobile phones cannot use the Google service framework GMS, which has a greater impact on overseas markets in the short term, because foreigners rely more on using Google ’s software stores, map services, etc., but have no impact on the domestic market. If the alternative Huawei service framework HMS can be accepted by overseas consumers, the long- term future of Huawei mobile phones in overseas markets is also optimistic, but the cultivation of consumer habits takes time. Huawei will start to do it on the latest flagship mobile phone. There are still certain risks in this matter. toB software The semiconductor chip design EDA software is currently monopolized by three US companies. If Huawei does not get the latest version of the software, it will not have any impact in the short term, but the long-term impact after one year will be relatively large and needs to be taken seriously. Market suppression It has an impact, but the United Kingdom and the European Union have stated that they will not ban Huawei equipment. There are operators in Canada who want to purchase Huawei equipment. At present, Japan and Australia are the only countries that still insist on completely disabling Huawei equipment. The overall containment effect in the United States has been modest. In addition, according to the statistics of the communications industry, more than half of the world's 4G base stations are in China, and 5G is expected to continue this proportion. China is the world's largest market for 5G networks. As long as it has a relatively high share in the Chinese market, Huawei can rank among the world's largest manufacturers of communication equipment. Media smear Western media's smearing of Huawei is consistent. Every once in a while, some Western media explode Huawei's "black material." And Huawei's rumor and explanation will not have the attention of

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Western media. Western media is trying to create a "universal consensus" on the insecurity of Huawei equipment. At present, Huawei has opened a cyber security center in Brussels, where stakeholders can test Huawei equipment and browse the source code of Huawei software. This has won the trust of many Western operators. So, what other tricks are not used in the United States? How will they work? In fact, the key to Huawei lies in the manufacture of self-developed chips. At present, Huawei's chips are mainly produced by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company in Taiwan. According to TSMC, according to TSMC's own assessment, the proportion of U.S. technology used in TSMC's 14- nanometer manufacturing process is less than 25% but higher than 10%, and in 7-nanometer and more advanced processes, the proportion of U.S. technology has been lower than 10%. In the current "Long Arm" bill, the proportion of US technology in restricting third-party companies from selling products to companies on its blacklist is greater than 25%. However, some US media reported that the US Department of Commerce is discussing reducing this ratio to 10%. So we see that Huawei has transferred some of the 14-nanometer process chip production to SMIC. But recently there have been reports in the US media that the US government even wants to bring all chips produced using US equipment under its control. Due to the relatively high market share of chip manufacturing in the United States of Applied Materials and production equipment of companies such as LAM, both TSMC and SMIC have adopted it. Once this policy is really implemented, the consequences are unthinkable. This can only be solved if our government comes forward and fights the United States with various means. In short, Huawei has already survived under the sanctions that the U.S. government has never seen before with its strong strength, but its future will not be calm. Huawei must be prepared for bigger challenges.

59 https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1661884253028749091&wfr=spider&for=pc

Success stories from Huawei! The United States is completely unable to sit still, and at a critical moment, it has given Huawei "a stumbling block".

China's development over the years has been seen by all countries in the world. With China's leapfrogging into the world's second-largest economy, the United States is worrying. The usual practice in the United States is to suppress and restrict China. On the recent 5G issue, the United States has publicly provoked the relationship between China and other countries, starting with security, hoping to restrict Huawei's market in Europe

However, despite Trump's loudly clamoring to boycott Huawei, European countries value Huawei's cost-effective and high-quality services, showing a very strong willingness to cooperate with Huawei. Throughout Europe, Huawei's business form is great. This has caused the panicked United States to turn its attention to Canada, constantly putting pressure on it, hoping that Canada will resist Huawei. Success stories from Huawei! The United States is completely unable to sit still, and at a critical moment, it has given Huawei "a stumbling block".

01Canada, the United States disappointed Although was detained in Canada, what the United States hoped did not happen. Canada's performance disappointed the United States, saying that it would not block Huawei's development. At the same time, Canada said that if Huawei's business meets domestic requirements, it will consider cooperating with them. This is undoubtedly an unexpected blow to the United States. After all, of the targets of the US plan, only Australia is now on the US side, and the rest have stated that they do not exclude Huawei and are even willing to cooperate actively with it.

02USframed by Huawei hinders national information security After the United States heard of the news, it was completely calm. In order to continue to urge Canada to boycott Huawei, Trump has assigned someone to deal with this issue. The US telecommunications department claims that they have conducted a preliminary assessment of Huawei's security with Canada and believes that as long as Huawei's 5G services are provided, it will pose a huge threat to US intelligence. The United States threatens other countries from the perspective of national information security. It is a commonplace to say that it has no freshness and persuasiveness. There is no basis for questioning Huawei's harm to information security in other countries, and it involves stigma.

03Canadaconsiders its own interests to change its attitude towards Huawei Why Canada changed its attitude is actually based on its own interests. Since the cooperation between Canada and the United States, China has greatly reduced the proportion of trade with Canada. Canada found that the domestic economy was severely affected immediately. In order to protect its economic interests, Canada hopes to maintain a good cooperative relationship with China. In fact, Canada is hesitant in its attitude in the face of the threat from the powerful United States at any time. However, in the face of their own interests, they still choose to protect themselves. After all, Huawei did not hold back because Meng Wanzhou was detained, but expressed his willingness to establish a research and development center in Canada.

Not only Canada said it was optimistic about Huawei, but even the United Kingdom also said that the United States' boycott of Huawei was unreasonable, and said that it had no concerns about Huawei's security. It seems that Huawei's situation in the overseas market is very good. Such a situation makes the United States more disturbed, and it means that Huawei will face more challenges.

60 https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1661934590444052555&wfr=spider&for=pc Suppressing Huawei, the four major consequences "exploded", leaving Trump caught off guard

U.S. failed blockade plan Beginning in 2018, the Trump administration has targeted China's technology giants and used the means of suppressing and banning ZTE's supply chain relationship to gain benefits from our market. After having tasted the sweetness in ZTE, the U.S. side did the trick again, targeting Huawei at the end of 2018, first illegally detaining Huawei's chief financial officer Meng Wanzhou with the help of Canada, and then comprehensively after May 2019 A restriction ban on Huawei was launched in an attempt to force Huawei into compliance again.

However, in this blockade, the United States ended in failure. Not only did Huawei not yield, Huawei also fully launched the spare tire plan and completed the "de-beautification" operation in a very short time. This also caused extreme dissatisfaction with the Trump administration. The United States began to spread rumors that Huawei equipment has a back door in the global market, in order to hinder Huawei communications equipment from obtaining orders in the global market. However, as the communication equipment manufacturer with the largest number of patents in the 5G field, Huawei has the absolute right to speak in the field of fifth-generation mobile communications. Huawei has not been defeated under the rumors of the United States, but has become more wary.

Evil results In the process of suppressing Huawei, for the US market, the four major consequences have also fully "exploded." The first major consequence is naturally that the construction of 5G networks in the United States will lag behind. At this point, Huawei also gave a warning at the end of 2019, because at this stage, Huawei is the most mature 5G communications infrastructure equipment supplier.

The second big consequence is spending huge sums of money to replace Huawei equipment in the rural US network. According to estimates by rural telecommunications operators in the United States, the Federal Communications Commission proposed a $ 1 billion subsidy to replace Huawei equipment in the network. The amount of funding is far from sufficient. Rural America is investing more subsidies.

The third major consequence brought a huge crisis to Google, and also caused Google to lose tens of millions of users. Due to the implementation of the ban, Google quickly "suspended service" to Huawei. In desperation, Huawei launched the Hongmeng system and HMS system. Now that HMS is growing, coupled with Hongmeng's open source features, Google's position in the mobile system market will Dangerous. In addition, the number of Huawei mobile phone users has exceeded 200 million, and Google's suspension also means that some Huawei users will be lost.

The fourth major consequence is the decline in the turnover of US supply chain companies. After the ban, Huawei increased its core chip self-sufficiency plan. Now, Hisilicon, a subsidiary of Huawei, is realizing a big explosion in a number of communication chips and mobile chips. This means that no matter whether the ban exists in the future, the original Huawei is in the United States Some supply chain partners in the market will permanently lose Huawei.

Trump administration attitude Facing this series of consequences, I believe that the Trump administration was caught off guard. After all, the Trump administration did not expect that the suppression of Huawei this time would be so difficult.

The taste of kicking the "iron plate" is not good, but the United States is now unable to retreat, and Huawei once gave the United States a chance, but the Trump administration ignored it.

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to sum up In today's globalization, to a certain extent, mastering the core supply chain relationship is indeed equivalent to grasping the lifeblood of downstream product manufacturers. However, as long as the downstream product manufacturers have a spare tire solution, the original initiative will soon become Passive situation. Do you think that Google, Micron and other companies have been miserable by the Trump administration this time?

62 https://user.guancha.cn/main/content?id=135975&s=fwzxfbbt Huawei can do it; Chinese people can do it—from the US blockade of Huawei and the Sino-US trade war

On May 15, U.S. President Trump blocked Huawei in a series of two moves in both market access and supply chain. At this time, the United States imposed tariffs on China again, and the trade war was set off again. After the United States announced the blockade of Huawei, bad news continued to be heard, and major international chip manufacturers have ceased to supply Huawei.

I. Major international chip manufacturers have ceased to supply Huawei

On May 19, 2019, Reuters broke a sensation in the world: Google has suspended business with Huawei under pressure from the US government. Immediately afterwards, Qualcomm and Intel joined Google's camp and started to freeze Huawei.

As soon as this news came out, the authoritative newspapers or tabloids in the media of any country were going crazy. At the same time, many countries and regions have made different voices about the US's exclusion and banning of Huawei.

Two , why Huawei?

Why is Huawei? Seeing this, there may be many people who do n’t know yet. How powerful is Huawei? Why has it become the target of criticism?

As the saying goes: "Shoot the first bird", Huawei has become a US target because Huawei's products and solutions have been used in more than 170 countries around the world, serving 45 of the top 50 global operators and 1/3 of the world population. His shipments and market share both ranked second in the world, and mobile phone shipments exceeded 200 million.

Huawei communication equipment has become the world's number one company, accounting for 28%: Huawei is currently providing ICT services to 3 billion people worldwide. As many as 4024 patents were filed in 2017. Revenue in 2018 will exceed $ 100 billion.

Faced with Huawei's expansion, the U.S. government cannot stand still. Without defeating Huawei, the United States will not be able to dominate the next-generation communication technology. Only by defeating Huawei can we curb the rise of China's high-tech field.

3. Huawei, can we survive it?

Now that Europe and the United States are suppressing us, we will not allow China to have the right to speak and make breakthroughs in the high-tech field. At the time, ZTE was just facing a chip outage and almost collapsed. And this time Huawei has to face: Google ’s Android system, Microsoft and Qualcomm ’s hardware support are banned across the board.

This time, Huawei is not afraid of chip failures in the United States, because Huawei has its own chips. Huawei Hisilicon's products are not limited to mobile phone chips (Kirin), but also server chips (Yunpeng series), base station chips, baseband chips, and AI chips. In addition to the chip, Google's "follow the order" this time limits the Android system upgrade of Huawei phones, and it will not defeat Huawei.

Facing the ban in the United States, Huawei has launched its own "spare tire" plan. From the current relevant news, Huawei's spare tire plan has been implemented for more than ten years, in order to deal

63 with the company's survival under extreme pressure. . Originally, it was impossible to execute such a budget with so much time and investment. Ordinary people think that it is a waste, but now it seems that people have no worries and they have to worry about their lives.

So what exactly is Huawei ’s “spare tire”? According to the news from Jiwei, some industry experts have made a simple and intuitive replacement tire replacement form. From the figure, we can clearly see that Huawei ’s spare tire. Progress and prospects of the plan.

The detailed analysis of this figure is based on Huawei's four major businesses-carrier business, enterprise business, consumer market, and Hisilicon. Its attribution circle is the most central. Radiation from the inside to the outside is the specific industry technology and direction of the second level, the third level is currently the main import partner, and the outermost circle is the "spare tire" that domestic companies can replace.

In addition, the colors also have different meanings. Gray represents the lack of industry. At present, it mainly focuses on HDD storage. According to netizen analysis, although many domestic manufacturers have this product, whether it can be used is another matter. Crimson represents that domestic performance cannot meet demand for the time being. From the table, it currently accounts for about a quarter of Huawei's overall business. The yellow color can be part of the low-end replacement, it can be used, but the performance should be reduced. Green is basically a complete replacement.

From this map, we can basically see Huawei's global partnership and spare tire replacement relationships and preparations, and understand that there are currently weak links. Therefore, we can't be absolutely confident in Huawei's spare tires now, and think that the world is invincible. Don't be indifferent, thinking that without the supply of foreign partners, we can't open the pot.

In fact, as early as mid-March 2019, the German media "World News" published an interview article with Huawei consumer business CEO Yu Chengdong. Yu Chengdong said in the text: "Huawei has indeed prepared a self-developed operating system, but this system is PlanB (aka Hongmeng System), in order to prevent Huawei from using Android or Windows in the future."

What can we do?

Despite this year's strong opposition from the United States, the United States has aggressively launched a Sino-US trade war. Announced tariffs on a variety of goods imported from China and restricted Chinese companies' investment in the United States. As soon as the news came out, public opinion was uproar. Think calmly behind this trade war. What can we do as a younger generation?

First of all, the start of this war is not without warning. From the previous disputes in the South China Sea and the Diaoyu Islands issue, the United States has started to create peripheral conflicts against China in an attempt to curb China's peaceful development. Personally, I think the Sino-US trade war is not just a matter for the country. It is closely related to each of us. Many people will ask back, my personal food and clothing problem has not been solved yet. What does these words have to do with me? Of course it does!

Each of us is not a completely independent individual. Without the enhancement of national strength, why is it easy to live a small personal life? Each of us should establish a sense of consciousness in our country and integrate our struggle into the tide of social development. The strength of one's own strength is the sea of stars. The younger generation must learn to "be poor and be alone". This is responsible to the family and the society, to do a good job in personal development, to ensure the family's future, not to become a burden on society, and to contribute to social progress. All of us young people should be self-reliant and responsible, so that the country can have hope.

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Secondly, as a young man, you must keep learning and be good at thinking! At any stage of your life, you need to constantly recharge. The current social development is changing rapidly. The innovation development at the scientific level is not enough. It requires our deep accumulation of knowledge and continuous thinking, which is the result of accumulation. Therefore, we need to "keep learning, learning for life" and learn to think independently and rationally.

Finally, to borrow a paragraph from the fire on the Internet: China's population is as high as 1.4 billion, which is equivalent to the total population of all developed countries or even more. What a miracle if China can make full use of such abundant potential human resources, cultivate science and technology workers equivalent to the sum of all developed countries, and even attract more talents from all over the world to China. Can't it be created?

65 https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1661866461561135924&wfr=spider&for=pc Confirmed again! Another reason why the United States is afraid of Huawei is also publicly acknowledged by the American media! Huawei, the full name of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., was founded in in 1987 as a communication room. At the time, Ren Zhengfei was 43 years old and was fired by a state-owned enterprise. His wife divorced him, and he was carrying more than 2 million debts. For Ren Zhengfei, he was at home and abroad. Huawei was born in the hands of such a "middle-aged loser." After 30 years of arduous efforts and continuous high investment in its own technology research and development, today Huawei has grown into a leader in the communications field and a Fortune 100 company in the world's top 500, with operations in more than 170 countries and regions around the world, creating A miracle in the history of the development of the world's enterprises. Last year, Huawei's corporate image and Ren Zhengfei's personal charisma both rose, becoming star enterprises and star entrepreneurs. Of course, everyone knows the reason, because it is suspected to be a "Trojan horse" and has "sustained the danger of US national security and personal privacy." When everyone thought that Huawei was about to fall, Huawei did not protest vigorously to defend its rights, but instead lowered its head to research and develop technology, came up with the "Kirin chip" and "5G" technology with independent intellectual property rights, and broke through with its own real hard power. US blockade. Many people believe that Huawei's products "endanger the security of the United States" are just another reason why the Huawei to "justify its integrity" and has been confirmed again recently! Another reason why the United States is afraid of Huawei is also reported publicly by the American media! Under the direction of the Trump administration, U.S. communications companies interrupted business cooperation with Huawei. At the same time, the United States has also put pressure on other countries, repeatedly stressing that Huawei cannot be allowed to operate their 5G networks and threatening other countries with strategic, intelligence and other means. At present, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany, France and other countries have responded, saying that Huawei equipment will not be used as core communication equipment. Huawei equipment will be removed from the emergency response network and established with companies such as Ericsson and Nokia. 4G and 5G cooperation. According to US media reports, there is another important reason that the United States can use such a large-scale force to block Huawei: Huawei's equipment has reliable quality and low price. In January of this year, Bloomberg News of the United States analyzed the low price and reliability of Huawei products, and released the title "The Reasons for Fearing Huawei in the United States: Cheap and Good." The general manager of a communications company from Oregon, said: "Huawei's equipment has always been cheap, only 70% to 80% of the price of other manufacturers' products." Huawei has made a lot of efforts to improve communications in poor areas and provide a lot of communications Basic equipment and dispatched technical personnel to guide, but Huawei did not take advantage of these operations, but has always maintained a sufficient supply with low profits. At the same time, the interviewee also said, "The quality of equipment in China is very good, and there are very few failures. Even outdoor equipment still runs as usual on rainy days. Such equipment is difficult to find in the market." This kind of product with high technology and high quality and low price is hard to meet rivals in the market, causing the United States to start worrying and try to destroy it. The words "Made in China" have been tested in the market for many years, and a brand has been deeply rooted in the hearts of global consumers. China is the world's largest developing country, with a productivity of 1.4 billion, coupled with the Chinese people's consistent hard-working attitude, the products made in China are generally of high quality; at the same time, China does not charge resource taxes on mineral resources, and its energy prices are very low Electricity and fuel costs are relatively cheap, resulting in relatively low prices for goods produced in China.

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However, the low price does not mean that China ’s labor force has no dignity and must be placed at the mercy of the people; the good quality is not the reason why the Chinese will sneak into Chen Cang. Huawei led by Ren Zhengfei gave a good lesson to Western countries. As long as you are willing to put in effort, even if the starting point is behind, you can also enter the forefront of the world. Because "high quality and low price" is limited, it is also a praise from another perspective. What do you think about this, welcome to interact in the comment area.

67 https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3079856/never-mind-coronavirus-trumps- america-still-going-full-throttle-its Never mind the coronavirus, Trump’s America is still going full throttle in its attacks on Huawei In a recent interview with Fox News, Mark Green, a Republican Congressman from Tennessee, claimed that Chinese President told French President Emmanuel Macron that China would supply a billion face masks to France if his country agreed to adopt Huawei’s 5G technology. The French Embassy in the United States rebutted the claim in a tweet, saying it was a total falsehood, though not in so many words. China’s Huawei is currently the world’s largest supplier of telecom equipment and second largest manufacturer of mobile phones.

If you are wondering why a US politician is dragging Huawei into an allegation against China at a time when most people are worried about the Covid-19 pandemic, the reason is that the company has become a lock-on target of the US government. Washington has in recent years regarded Huawei as one of the greatest national security threats. The US case against Huawei rests on its alleged risks to both individual privacy and national security: information passing through the company’s equipment will be captured by so-called back doors and given to the , the US alleges. Washington claims a Chinese law compels any Chinese firm to provide information to , but neglects to say the US itself has similar laws. After two years of repeated accusations, no concrete evidence against Huawei has been produced. In contrast, evidence of US surveillance on other countries is widely known, after former US National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden blew the whistle on US eavesdropping activities.

In the US, Huawei equipment is mostly used by rural telecom service providers because of its affordability. But that will end after US President Donald Trump signed legislation in March to bar telecom carriers from using US subsidies to buy Huawei equipment. More importantly, Huawei will not be able to sell to telecom carriers in much bigger urban markets in the US regardless of how advanced its 5G technology is and how competitive its prices are. But the US is still not satisfied after blocking Huawei in its own market. Instead, it is going full throttle in its attempts to get Huawei barred from markets of its allies, mostly in Europe, and to cripple the company’s ability to conduct business and produce telecom equipment and mobile devices. To achieve the first goal, the US government has launched a very high-profile and aggressive campaign against Huawei’s 5G technology. The high-powered anti-Huawei squad includes not only Trump himself, but also Vice-President Mike Pence, National Security Adviser Robert O’Brien, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, Secretary of Defence Mark Esper, Secretary of the Treasury Steven Mnuchin and various congressmen.

Amazingly, House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a nemesis of Trump’s, is in sync with these anti-Huawei crusaders, not least because their cause is framed as a struggle between democracy and autocracy, or a clash of civilisations. Unfortunately for the US, this international campaign has had little success so far because few of its allies have found its arguments convincing, despite its threats to cut intelligence-sharing ties. So far, only Australia, a member of the “” partnership, has complied with the US’ wishes.

To achieve the second goal, the US government has imposed a ban on the sale of crucial US technologies – including semiconductors, chips and some of Google’s services – to Huawei. Back in May 2019, the US Commerce Department announced that it was adding Huawei on its “entity list”, meaning that the company and its subsidiaries cannot do business with US companies without US government approval. Leveraging on its leadership in certain technologies, the US is also preparing to further curb the supply of chips to Huawei, by imposing restrictions on foreign firms that use US chipmaking equipment in their supply chains.

The attacks on Huawei are not confined to technology. A court battle is being fought over Huawei chief financial officer Meng Wanzhou, who was arrested in in December 2018 on US charges of bank fraud and is opposing her extradition to the US. Furthermore, lawmakers from both political parties in the US are working to limit Huawei’s access to the US financial system. If you are surprised by the lengths the US has gone to hurt Huawei, consider two likely reasons for their actions. First, the US might be worried its ability to conduct global espionage will be significantly compromised if more countries use Huawei equipment.

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Second, the US is behind China in 5G technology, despite being a world leader in many other fields. The faster deployment of next-generation wireless technology in China than in the US has serious implications for the countries’ technological leadership (especially with regard to automation and artificial intelligence) and international competitiveness, as well as the military balance in the world. How can we be sure these reasons are not conspiracy theories? Consider two official US documents. Both the 2017 National Security Strategy and the 2018 National Defence Strategy reports identify China as one of the US’ key strategic adversaries, which seek to “shape a world consistent with their authoritarian model”. The Trump administration’s national security plan makes clear it will use all the tools of statecraft to protect US interests. The 2017 report says: “Economic tools – including sanctions, anti-money-laundering and anti-corruption measures, and enforcement actions – can be important parts of broader strategies to deter, coerce, and constrain adversaries.” From a broader perspective, the US attacks on Huawei are attempts to thwart China’s rise as a world power by means fair or foul.

69 https://www.scmp.com/tech/gear/article/3082057/huaweis-hisilicon-overtakes-qualcomm-chinas- top-smartphone-processor Huawei’s HiSilicon overtakes Qualcomm as China’s top smartphone processor supplier for first time HiSilicon, Huawei Technologies’ in-house semiconductor and integrated circuit design company, has surpassed US chip giant Qualcomm in terms of smartphone processor shipments in China for the first time amid coronavirus-linked disruptions that have hit most major players, according to a report.

In the first quarter of 2020, HiSilicon shipped 22.21 million smartphone processors, according to Chinese research firm CINNO’s latest monthly report on China’s semiconductor industry. Although HiSilicon’s shipments only increased slightly from the 22.17 million units it shipped in the first quarter of last year, it was the only major company that did not see a year-on-year decline in the quarter, CINNO said in a summary of the report posted on its official WeChat account. As a result, the Huawei unit’s market share surged from to 43.9 per cent, from 36.5 per cent during the same period last year, and beat Qualcomm for the first time to become China’s top smartphone processor supplier. HiSilicon’s steady performance comes at a time when the Chinese smartphone industry is being battered by delayed product launches and dampened consumer sentiment linked to the coronavirus pandemic. Smartphone shipments in the country slumped by 34.7 per cent – more than a third – to 47.7 million units in the first quarter of 2020, according to a report released earlier this month by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology. CINNO’s report showed that there was a similar plunge in processor shipments, with overall smartphone processor shipments in the country dropping by 44.5 per cent in the first three months of 2020, compared to same period last year. US-based Qualcomm, the long-time market leader, fell to second place in the latest quarter with a year-on-year decline in its market share from 37.8 per cent to 32.8 per cent. Taiwan’s Mediatek maintained its third-place position, but also saw its market share slide year-on-year from 14 per cent to 13.1 per cent. Huawei, HiSilicon’s parent company, is at the centre of a high-profile US-China tech war. The Trump administration added the company to its Entity List last year, saying there is a risk it could give Beijing access to sensitive data from telecommunications networks. The trade blacklist effectively bars Huawei from buying US products and services. In response, the Chinese company, which has denied the allegations, is ramping up its own capabilities to produce more American component-free network gear, including at HiSilicon.

Huawei is also reportedly shifting production of HiSilicon-designed chips away from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co (TSMC) and towards Shanghai-based Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp (SMIC) as Washington readies new rules which would require foreign companies using US chipmaking equipment to obtain a license before supplying chips to Huawei – a move that would directly affect TSMC.

Over 90 per cent of Huawei phones in China now use HiSilicon processors, according to CINNO Research. However, founder Ren Zhengfei said in an interview last year that the company would continue using chips from US vendors such as Intel and Qualcomm as long as it is still allowed by US regulators.

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US SOURCES https://www.androidpolice.com/2020/04/09/sorry-huawei-the-p40-pro-without-google-apps-is-just- too-broken-to-live-with/ Sorry Huawei, the P40 Pro without Google apps is just too broken to live with Outstanding hardware and camera performance can’t compensate for a subpar software experience

When Huawei launched the P30 Pro this time last year, we knew it could be the last for some time to ship with a full-fat version of Android. Huawei had been added to the US Entity List as a result of the intensifying trade war with China, and the company's ability to do any kind of business with Google and other US firms had been severely limited. Even so, David called the P30 Pro the “world’s best ” in his review and Huawei's photography credentials have only been strengthened since then — the more recent Mate 30 Pro competed directly with the 4 and iPhone 11 for the honor of best smartphone camera. The problem with that phone and the freshly released P40 Pro is that neither was allowed to ship with Google Mobile Services (GMS), which means no Play Store, no Google apps, and none of the APIs required to make certain popular apps work properly. Instead, you get Huawei Mobile Services, which isn’t yet able to offer the same backend functionality that many third- party apps currently rely on. EMUI 10.1 may be based on Android 10 — and it’s certainly less objectionable than it once was — but this isn’t Android as most western users know it. This is a huge shame because the hardware on the P40 Pro is second to none. In my opinion, it tops even Samsung’s S20 series in terms of design and build quality, and from the few photos I’ve been able to take while in lockdown, the cameras are clearly among the best, if not the best, around. Huawei’s Kirin 990 5G chip is as good as or better than Qualcomm’s Snapdragon 865, battery life is excellent, and while there’s a sizeable double punch-hole cutout in the screen, it at least houses secure 3D face unlock sensors. The display, by the way, is a 6.58-inch OLED panel (1200p) with an under- display fingerprint scanner, but it tops out at a refresh rate of 90Hz. It’s also got an IP68 rating, 27W fast wireless charging, 8GB of RAM, 256GB of storage, and pretty much everything else a flagship Android phone should have in 2020. Premium hardware means a premium price tag. The P40 Pro that I’ve been testing costs €999, while the P40 Pro+ that’s set to launch later in the year will set you back a whopping €1,399 — that’s more expensive than the Galaxy S20 Ultra, for comparison. If you’re paying that much for a phone, you’d expect an overall experience that’s on a par with other competitors in the price bracket, but that’s sadly not the case, and I’m not sure enough has been made of this in much of the discourse around this phone. The software issues have been passed off as an unfortunate side note in many reviews I’ve seen, but I feel like this is actually a dealbreaker for most western consumers.

Transferring data from your old phone is problematic, to put it mildly. The setup process on the P40 Pro is mostly the same as with any other Android device, but it differs substantially when it comes to moving all of your apps and data from your old phone, in my case a XL. Without access to Google services, there’s no way of using my backup to seamlessly migrate all of my phone’s contents from my Pixel. Unless you’re coming from a Huawei phone and have used the company’s own cloud backup service, you’re going to have to install a new app on your old handset called Phone Clone. Once I’d used a QR code to connect the two devices I could then select what I wanted to export — except Contacts, which unfortunately was greyed out. Of my 154 apps, 120 of them were set to be transferred over. The list of apps not possible to move unsurprisingly consisted mostly of Google apps such as Assistant, Calendar, Chrome, Drive, Gmail, Keep, , Photos, and Youtube, as well as all the Google Play apps, naturally. The only non- Google app one the unsupported list was eBay, presumably because it needs GMS to function correctly (more on that later). No, App Gallery (right), I don't want any of those apps. Except maybe TikTok. Once the transfer was complete, I was pleased to see that the vast majority of promised apps do make their way onto the P40 Pro. There are seven exceptions, however, including Uber, Netflix, and Citymapper, some of my most-used apps, so I head to Huawei’s alternative Play Store in search of them. The App Gallery’s first screen is a list of ‘recommended apps’ with nine unwanted entries pre-

71 checked — this is not the best way to endear your new app store to users. It’s well documented that apps like Uber and Citymapper require Google’s location API to function properly, so even sideloading them won’t work. With Google Maps not officially available, that leaves the P40 Pro without a serviceable European map app right now, and that’s a major drawback for any smartphone. It is possible to sideload Google Maps, but you can't sign in to access your saved places or history, making it much less useful. Huawei has penned a deal with Dutch satnav maker TomTom for use of its map data, but there’s no indication that a fully-fledged navigation app will be ready any time soon.

You can sideload the eBay app, but it won't work without Google Play services. The eBay app that couldn’t be transferred by Phone Clone does show up in a search on the App Gallery, but tapping ‘Get’ only sends you to the eBay site where there’s a banner asking you to install the app. This would usually redirect you to the Play Store, but here it just takes you back the App Gallery which now says the app isn’t available. This type of runaround isn’t exclusive to the eBay app, and it’s really not helpful when users are trying to track down the apps they need to make their phone complete. I was able to download the eBay app bundle from APK Mirror, but it’s a waste of time because it doesn’t actually work. It gives me a message when I try to search that reads “eBay won’t run without Google Play services, which are not supported by your device.” It took a fair amount of time to go through that only for the app to not be compatible, which raises the question: why didn’t the Huawei App Gallery just tell me that the eBay app is not yet available for this phone? This is a terribly convoluted process and would be particularly confusing for less tech-savvy users.

According to App Gallery, Citymapper is a web app. If only it were. Searching for Citymapper in the App Gallery leads me down a different but equally useless path — the ‘Open’ button implies that it’s present on your phone, but tapping that takes you to the app’s website. Here your eyes are directed to the prominent ‘Get the app’ button with the little bugdroid on it, and that takes you to the web version of the Play Store where you can supposedly install Citymapper or ‘Open in the Play Store app,’ and obviously neither these options is possible on the P40 Pro. It’s as though nobody at Huawei has tested these highly likely user journeys, and the outcome is an incredibly confusing and user-hostile experience. Other App Gallery listings can be found with disingenuous ‘Open’ buttons, too, including one for the Instagram web app. Sideloading Citymapper leads to the same error as eBay — it needs Google Play Services to run.

App Search is supposed to fill in the App Gallery's many gaps. To get my apps on the P40 Pro without Phone Clone, I’d end up having to use at least four or five different sources It's plainly obvious why Huawei strongly recommends the use of Phone Clone to get apps onto its phone, but should you decide to start from scratch and install things yourself, as some people are likely to do, it’ll be a daunting task. A Huawei service called AppSearch is supposed to help with that. It’s a separate app already in some regions, but just a website linked to from the new tab page of the Huawei browser in the UK at the moment. This directs users to alternative but safe sources of Android app downloads, such as the official websites of Facebook and WhatsApp, third-party app stores like ’s, or APK hosting platforms like our own sister site, APK Mirror. To get my apps on the P40 Pro without Phone Clone, I’d end up having to use at least four or five different sources — that’s a far cry from the ease of simply using the Play Store for everything. The other key issue is that even once these apps are on your phone, it’s hit and miss whether they’ll function correctly or not. My main banking app, from UK challenger bank Monzo, seems to run okay, but a lot of the more traditional finance apps won’t work as well as they do on Google-equipped phones, if at all. It's possible to sideload plenty of apps, but many are less functional without Play Services. And any app you do sideload won't receive updates as they usually would because there's no Play Store to serve them. If you’re really dedicated to making it work, you can try to do everything through a web browser, but you’ll lose a lot of native app functionality, especially for Google services, so it’s very difficult to argue that as a viable solution. Oh, and if G Suite is something you need to use for work, good luck with that. If you have experience tinkering with Android devices, it’s possible you’ll be able to get Google apps running on the P40 Pro in some form or another, but this shouldn't be a problem you have to solve when paying €1,000 for a smartphone. And even if you do go through

72 the insanely long and convoluted process to get GMS on it, as Android Central's Alex Dobie discovered, plenty of essential services still won't work — including —and any app that relies on won't be able to send notifications.

The P40 Pro ends up being useless to me in so many of the situations I usually take for granted. I can't use contactless payments to jump on a bus or buy groceries. I can't navigate to my saved addresses in Google Maps or check out my 'Want to go' list to see which restaurant I want to check out next (not that it matters while we're in lockdown). I can't order takeout via Uber Eats (and that does matter while in we're in lockdown). I can't receive notifications on Twitter when somebody sends me a direct message. I can't cast Netflix to the plugged into the back of my TV. I can't automatically back up my camera roll to so I can view them from anywhere and free up internal storage. This list of things I can't do would be unacceptable on a budget Android phone from five years ago, so it certainly doesn't cut it on a premium flagship launching in 2020.

What you're left with is one of the best Android camera phones on the market but with a software experience that’s far below what it should be — it’s a supercar with the engine of a compact hatchback. Huawei has no choice but to make the best of a bad situation if it wants to sell phones in Europe, but this current offering is not one I can recommend to anyone. For many prospective buyers with little technical knowledge, setting up and using this phone will be an exercise in frustration, no matter how hard Huawei tries to convince us otherwise. The company is throwing a lot of money at developers to get their software on the App Gallery and is also investing huge amounts to turn HMS into something that can eventually rival GMS. But it’s simply not there yet, so the P40 Pro — just like the Mate 30 Pro before it and every recent Honor flagship — gets added to the list of amazing Android cameras that aren’t much use as phones.

73 https://www.xda-developers.com/honor-30-pro-plus-china-launch/ , Honor 30 Pro and Honor 30 Pro+ launched in China Just a few days ago, Honor launched the Honor 30S in China, making it the first device in the new 30- series. Now, the company has launched the Honor 30, 30 Pro and 30 Pro+ in China, fully unveiling its latest flagship lineup for China. With the flagship HiSilicon Kirin 990 SoC across the board, the three phones offer enough choices between them for people in the region who want a competitive phone. The main focus of the phones is the camera setup, and there’s enough to pack a punch.

On the inside, both the phones are powered by the flagship Kirin 990 SoC. RAM is restricted to 8GB on the Pro, while the Pro+ also offers a 12GB variant. Storage can be expanded on both the phones through Huawei’s proprietary nano-memory cards. The battery on the phones is a 4,000 mAh, and it also supports 40W SuperCharge for fast wired charging. The Pro+ also packs in wireless charging capabilities up to 27W, as well as support for reverse wireless charging. Both the phones also get USB 3.0 support through the Type- port. They also have support for WiFi 6, and come with IP54 certification for water and dust resistance.

The rear camera is where the differences widen. The main sensor on the Pro is the same as the Honor 30, which is the 40MP 1/1.7″ Sony IMX600 RYYB sensor. On the other hand, the Pro+ ups the game even further with the 50MP, f/1.9, 1/1.28″ RYYB Sony IMX700 sensor which is even larger, along with OIS. The second camera is a 16MP ultra-wide-angle with fixed focus on the Pro, while the Pro+ gets autofocus and macro mode capabilities. The rest of the setup is the same on both, including the 8MP periscope camera, and support for LAF, CAF, and PDAF. The difference in hardware on the Pro+ lets it capture 4K video @ 60fps, as well as 720p @ 1920fps super slow motion in addition to 1080p @ 960fps. There’s also AI RAW features that captures multiple RAW shots and then blends them into one RAW image for further editing.

Pricing and Availability The Honor 30 and 30 Pro will be available in three standard colors: White, Black, and Green, and in two logo-inscribed colors: Purple, and Silver. The Honor 30 Pro+ will be available in two standard colors: Black, and Green, and in one logo-inscribed color: Silver.

The phones will be available in the following variants: Honor 30: 6GB + 128GB: CNY 2,999 ($425) 8GB + 128GB: CNY 3,199 ($453) 8GB + 256GB: CNY 3,499 ($496) Honor 30 Pro: 8GB + 128GB: CNY 3,999 ($566) 8GB + 256GB: CNY 4,399 ($623) Honor 30 Pro+: 8GB + 256GB: CNY 4,999 ($708) 12GB + 256GB: CNY 5,499 ($779) Currently, the phones are restricted to the Chinese region. Availability and pricing for regions outside of China are unknown at this stage.

74 https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2019/05/huaweis-us-ban-a-look-at-the-hardware-and-software- supply-problems/ Huawei’s US ban: A look at the hardware (and software) supply problems Huawei's hardware independence is actually pretty good! The software, though...

President Trump's Huawei ban is in full effect, and companies from all over the country are announcing they will no longer be doing business with Huawei. Google, Qualcomm, Broadcom, and Intel are all cutting ties with Huawei, and once this new 90-day exemption is up, really every US company would no longer be allowed to supply Huawei with technology or services. Trump's executive order is very broad, prohibiting "any acquisition, importation, transfer, installation, dealing in, or use of any information and communications technology or service" by any foreign company the US government deems a threat, in this case, Huawei. With Huawei cut off from US technology, exactly how hard will it be for the company to continue to make smartphones? For an idea of how much Huawei would need to change, let's do a parts audit on the company's latest flagship smartphone, the Pro. We'll see where each component comes from and what other options exist out there in the ecosystem. Between spec sheets, teardowns from iFixit, and EE Times, we can whip together a pretty good list of components and their countries of .

The Power of HiSilicon Huawei The is the heart of any smartphone, supplying most of your basic three- letter computer components like the CPU, GPU, LTE modem, GPS, and more. Huawei is better off than most companies in this area—it's one of the few companies (along with Samsung) that has its own chip-design division. Huawei's "HiSilicon" group designs SoCs for its smartphones, and the Huawei P30 Pro uses the HiSilicon Kirin 980 SoC. HiSilicon has its own LTE modem solution and is a leader in 5G modems. Trade War! USA v. China Huawei expects a 20% drop in phone sales, thanks to lack of Google apps Congress gives small ISPs $1 billion to rip out Huawei, ZTE network gear Trump, China sign new trade deal staving off impending tech tariffs Huawei sues FCC to stop ban on Huawei gear in US-funded networks Huawei is now shipping smartphones with zero US components Most Android manufacturers rely on Qualcomm—a US company—for its Snapdragon SoCs with integrated LTE modems. Qualcomm has a near monopoly on the high-end smartphone market, thanks not only to reliably producing yearly SoC upgrades, but also by aggressively investing in and patenting cellular technologies. Qualcomm was one of the first companies to bring LTE to market, and it has been leading the charge toward 5G, too. Qualcomm has no doubt been patenting everything it can find along the way. Qualcomm has been sued and fined for anti-competitive patent licensing, and it seems committed to creating a legal headache for any company that doesn't use its products. Apple and Qualcomm were feuding over Apple's use of Intel modems in its iPhones, and when the two companies settled, Intel quit the 5G modem business that same day. Samsung has its own Exynos line of processors but usually doesn't ship them in the US, instead using Qualcomm chips. Huawei's Kirin 980 is based on the ARM architecture, which Huawei licenses from ARM Holdings PLC. ARM's headquarters is in England, but it now has a Japanese parent company, Softbank. Huawei is a fabless chip designer, meaning the company doesn't own a semiconductor foundry, so it must get its chip designs manufactured somewhere. Kirin chips are usually made at TSMC, (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited),

75 which, wouldn't you know it, is headquartered in Taiwan. The running theme of this article is "Samsung would also be an option"—and for chip fabrication, Samsung would also be an option. Samsung (which is based in South Korea) produces Qualcomm's flagship chips and is actually one of the leading silicon manufacturers on Earth. We're doing good so far!

The rise of BOE and Chinese displays Huawei sources its displays from just about everybody, with Anandtech reporting various P30 variants using displays from the usual suspects: Samsung Display (South Korea) and LG Display (also South Korea), along with BOE Technology Group Co, a Chinese company. BOE is a real up-and-comer in the display market, and according to Bloomberg, it will blow past LG to become the number two supplier of OLED displays by the end of the year. If you haven't been paying attention to BOE, you should start. Like Huawei, BOE has the blessing and financial backing of the Chinese Government, which helps explain its sudden and meteoric rise—Korea owns the OLED market, and BOE is China's answer. With the might of China behind it, BOE has started to go after Samsung Display's biggest customers and is trying to woo Apple to become a supplier for future iPhone displays. BOE even has the gall to start courting as a customer, hoping the company will dump its usual OLED supplier—uh—Samsung Display, in favor of BOE. Good luck with that. Samsung has tried to stay ahead of this new Chinese rival with superior technology, mainly via the development of flexible displays for new-age foldable smartphones like the Galaxy Fold. Samsung invested six years of research and $130 million to develop bendable OLEDs that (sort of) work, so surely this will give Samsung some breathing room against its Chinese rival, right? Sadly for Samsung, South Korean prosecutors say Samsung's flexible display technology was stolen by one of its suppliers and sold to an unnamed display firm in China. After the Galaxy Fold, the next big just so happens to be from China, and it's the . The supplier of the Mate X's flexible OLED display is BOE. No doubt BOE's technology was completely self-developed. Under the P30 Pro's display is an in-screen fingerprint reader, an optical reader made by Goodix, a Chinese company. Goodix also supplies OnePlus with its optical fingerprint readers. Before the US ban, Qualcomm would have been another option, with its ultrasonic fingerprint reader that debuted in the Galaxy S10. If you're keeping score, we still haven't run into a US supplier. Listing image by iFixit JUMP TO ENDPAGE 1 OF 2

Cameras: Sony, Sony, and more Sony The cameras all come from the Land of the Rising Sun, specifically Sony, which is the leading camera supplier for smartphones. Huawei uses Sony sensors for all four of its cameras: the 40MP main camera, the 20MP wide-angle lens, the time-of-flight camera, and even the 5x "SuperZoom" lens. You'll find Sony cameras in most high-end smartphones, including Apple and Google devices. Samsung Semiconductor is another option for camera modules, and some devices, like the Galaxy S10, dual source Samsung and Sony sensors. Of course, if you look on the back of the Huawei P30 Pro, the German camera brand Leica gets all the credit for the camera. With the CMOS sensors from Sony, that only leaves the lenses and maybe the software as Leica contributions. Huawei's "SuperZoom" camera enables a 5x optical zoom on a smartphone, thanks to an innovative periscope design. While the sensor at the end of the periscope is from Sony, the actual periscope component was built by Sunny Optical Technology—a Chinese company—with IP from Corephotonics in Israel.

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A grab bag of chips

Enlarge / The P30 Pro chips. EE Times The P30 Pro motherboard—which is a neat triple-stacked design like the iPhone X—comes from Unimicron Technology Corporation in China. In iFixit's teardown of the P30 Pro, the RAM came from SK Hynix—the "SK" stands for "South Korea"—and we run into our first problem: the flash storage, which was supplied by US-based Micron. It's not unusual for companies to use multiple suppliers for some chips, though, especially widely manufactured components like flash memory or displays. If we look at the P30 Pro teardown in EE Times, the flash memory changes from Micron to , a Japanese company, but the RAM changes from SK Hynix to Micron! Either way it looks like Huawei has non-US sources for both components. Samsung Semiconductor (South Korea) would be an option for flash storage and RAM, too. There are a few miscellaneous chips from US companies in the P30. The EE Times teardown spotted a SMPS (switched-mode power supply) chip from Broadcom, and a six- axis accelerometer and gyro was spotted from Invensense, which has a headquarters in the US, but a Japanese parent company, TDK. Invensense is the name in motion control chips, powering motion in the Nintendo Wii, the Oculus Rift, HTC Vive, Microsoft Hololens, and a million other things. The giant list of LTE band support you see in a smartphone spec sheet is supported by a variety of LTE antennas, and in the P30 Pro there is a mid-to-high band Front End Module (FEM) from Qorvo and a Low Band FEM from Skyworks, both of which Huawei will have a tough time acquiring due to their US origins. Qualcomm, the undisputed champion of LTE, will also sell you RF modules, as will Broadcom. The NFC comes from NXP, which is headquartered in the Netherlands. NXP co-invented NFC along with Sony and has been the biggest name in NFC ever since. All the usual players are chasing NXP, including Broadcom, Samsung, and Qualcomm. Qualcomm actually tried to buy NXP once, but Chinese regulators shut the deal down. Huawei's own chip company, HiSilicon, is in the mix, too. The audio chip is built by HiSilicon, along with the RF transceiver for 2G, 3G, and 4G connections, and various power- management chips. iFixit's battery in the Huawei P30 Pro is from Huizhou Desay Battery Co., Ltd, named after a Chinese city. Other options include Samsung SDI, infamous for the explosive Galaxy Note 7 batteries and LG Chem, both from South Korea. Amperex Technology Ltd (ATL) was another Note 7 battery supplier, but the Chinese company was given a clean bill of health—by Samsung—in the Note 7 battery investigation. Software is a problem, and I don’t just mean Android

Enlarge / As far as Google Android goes, Huawei will miss out on everything in the middle and right columns. Ron Amadeo Like we saw with ZTE, a lot of companies would struggle if they were cut off from US suppliers. ZTE's supply situation was so bad, the company had to completely shut down when the Trump administration cut it off from US suppliers. On the hardware side of things, ZTE was dependent on Qualcomm, which is also the case with most other OEMs. Huawei is not like most other OEMs and seems to have given itself multiple hardware options when it comes to most components. Having an in-house chip division really makes all the difference. ZTE also couldn't cut it without Google's version of Android, and Huawei is currently facing down the same problem. Future devices will be cut off from the Google Play Store, Google

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Play Services, and a ton of other killer Google apps. Huawei will stop getting advanced access to future versions of Android, which will hurt its security patches, OS update speed, and general software competitiveness. Huawei is used to operating without the Google Play Store, though—this is a normal occurrence in China, where Google doesn't do much business and has no presence in the Android devices sold there. There is no Play Store in China, leaving a fragmented mess of app stores. As one of the most popular hardware manufacturers in China, Huawei has one of the most popular app stores in China. The company has done some saber-rattling over the years about building its own operating system without Android, but it seems much more sensible to just fork Android, doesn't it? Huawei already operates this way in China, and it would just be extending its China model to the rest of the world. Even if Huawei does get its hardware supply problems solved and comes up with a viable OS and an app store solution, I think the real problem for Huawei might be apps. Remember the executive order prohibits "any acquisition, importation, transfer, installation, dealing in, or use of any information and communications technology or service," and it is very broad and could be interpreted to mean that US citizens and companies aren't allowed to supply Huawei with smartphone apps, especially with descriptors like "installation" and "service" in the president's order. Huawei could solve everything and roll out an app store, but it might be illegal to submit apps to the Huawei app store.

The top Play Store apps, minus most Google apps, with the US apps crossed out. Google / Ron Amadeo The problem for Huawei is that most of your favorite apps probably come from the US. Of course there is Google, which would mean no Gmail, Calendar, Google Maps, , YouTube, or Photos. Facebook is a US company, too, so then Huawei would get no regular Facebook app, Messenger, Whatsapp, or Instagram. Microsoft is out, too, which means no Office, Skype, or OneDrive. We could probably build a top-20 app store list with the other US companies, like Snapchat, Netflix, Hulu, Amazon, Twitter, Roku, Soundcloud, Pandora, Amazon, Uber, Lyft, Tinder, eBay, Shazam, and Venmo. Gamers would be missing out on apps from , Twitch, Valve, Blizzard, Epic, EA, and King. You're probably better off listing apps that aren't from US companies. In which case Spotify and Mojang are from Sweden, Gameloft is French, and Tiktok is Chinese. That's the most I could come up with from top app lists. Buying a Huawei phone would also mean living with the continual fear that the hot new app would not be available on your device, just because of the country of origin. A phone with no US apps, if that is the way the order will be interpreted, would be a tough sell. Hardware seems doable, an OS seems less doable, but wow, the app problem... Huawei's parts audit is looking surprisingly good in the hardware department. The company has a diverse set of suppliers, and it seems to have plenty of non-US hardware options. Really the difference is HiSilicon, because without its own SoC division, the company would probably be reliant on the US' Qualcomm Snapdragon products. Remember: we just focused on the P30 Pro, both because it is Huawei's big flagship and because there is a plethora of information available about it. We probably couldn't do the same thing for a cheaper, less well-known device. This is also just focusing on Huawei's smartphone business; it's network equipment and laptop businesses are an entirely different matter. For the software, it's possible Huawei could survive on forked Android. It would definitely put the company at a disadvantage, but it would be better than trying to start from scratch with zero apps, zero developers, and an unfamiliar development environment. The biggest

78 problem would be the distribution of apps if the executive order is interpreted to cover apps. Blocking US app developers from submitting to a Huawei app store would be an absolutely devastating blow for the company. The lack of an app ecosystem would give a Huawei OS (Android-based or otherwise) basically zero chance of succeeding in the market. Hopefully we don't have to actually see what the endgame looks like for Huawei here. As was the case for ZTE, there's a possibility the US and China come together, negotiate, and end this trade war brinkmanship. For now, the 90-day exemption provides some level of sanity, allowing Google and Huawei to provide security updates to existing users. No one knows what Huawei's status will be at the end of 90 days.

79 https://bingepost.com/china-will-take-countermeasures-if-washington-imposes-chip-ban-on-huawei- executive/82047/ China will take countermeasures if Washington imposes chip ban on Huawei: executive

If the US authorities arbitrarily adjustments the foundations of the market, the Chinese language authorities won’t stay idle and simply watch Huawei placed on the chopping board, as it would haven’t any different selection however to take related countermeasures towards US corporations, a Huawei government instructed the International Instances on Tuesday.

“Why China couldn’t ban US produced 5G chips, smartphones and different sensible terminals containing 5G chips in China market primarily based on the identical cybersecurity causes?”requested Huawei Rotating Chairman Eric Xu.

Even when the US bans TSMC from supplying Huawei, the Chinese language expertise firm nonetheless has many different decisions for chip provide – corresponding to firms from South Korea, the island of Taiwan, and corporations within the Chinese language mainland like Samsung, MediaTek, and , Xu added.

The feedback, which have been made throughout the launch of Huawei’s annual monetary report on Tuesday, additionally come because the US is mulling new restrictions on the Chinese language expertise large.

After placing Huawei on a commerce blacklist in Could final yr, Washington is reportedly transferring forward with new restrictions to chop off Chinese language telecom tools supplier Huawei’s provide chain by requiring international firms that use US tools to acquire a license earlier than delivery their chipsets to the Chinese language firm.

A supply in a Reuters report was quoted as saying the rule change is aimed toward curbing gross sales of chips to Huawei by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co, which can be the most important producer of chips for Huawei’s chipset set unit HiSilicon.

Dismissing the US’ intensified crackdown, the Chinese language expertise large Huawei posted robust annual income development of 19.1 % year-on-year in 2019. Income stood at 858.5 billion yuan ($120.7 billion), whereas web revenue rose 5.6 % year-on-year to 62.7 billion yuan.

Furthermore, regardless of lagging abroad gross sales underneath the specter of a US ban, its shopper companies continued to develop, with world shipments reaching development of 16.eight % year-on- year for 2019, securing its place because the world’s second-largest handset producer with a complete of 240 million cellphone gross sales.

“Within the face of the crackdown and mounting strain from totally different sides, Huawei has maintained its regular development charge over the previous yr, ” Xiang Ligang, director-general of the Beijing-based Info Consumption Alliance, instructed the International Instances on Tuesday, noting that the efficiency confirmed the agency’s technological energy.

The annual report confirmed that the US affect on it was apparent – as greater than 59 % of its 2019 income comes from home gross sales, with a rise of 36.2 % development year-on-year, whereas abroad income noticed a slower development, Jiang Junmu, chief author at telecom {industry} information web site c114.com.cn, instructed the International Instances on Tuesday.

After being included on the US Entity Listing since Could 16 final yr, Huawei has stepped up its analysis and improvement efforts to “plug holes” and is dedicated to restructuring the provision chain. The proportion of abroad gross sales has additionally dropped, with an estimated lack of about $10 billion, the Huawei government disclosed.

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“Huawei was capable of reverse the unfavorable state of affairs primarily with its heavy funding in analysis and improvement over the previous yr,” Jiang stated, noting that these technological improvements gave Huawei merchandise and options in addition to industry-leading capabilities, permitting abroad operators to proceed to decide on it even underneath the strain of the US authorities.

Huawei invested 15.three % of its 2019 income – or 131.7 billion yuan – into R&D, up from its R&D enter of 101.5 billion yuan in 2018. Its complete R&D spending over the previous decade exceeded 600 billion yuan.

Having gotten over a tricky 2019, the agency remains to be going through one other tough yr forward in 2020, each underneath the US crackdown and the surprising blow of the COVID-19 pandemic.

“2020 would be the hardest yr for Huawei, as we might be on the US Entity Listing for a complete yr, and {industry} gamers have additionally estimated that Huawei has used up its ‘reserves’ in preparation for a US ban, Xu stated, including that the COVID-19 outbreak is one other state of affairs that we hadn’t anticipated, which can deliver a couple of world financial recession and declining demand.

“We definitely cannot say how the COVID19 pandemic will evolve. If it will probably’t be effectively managed, it would result in a long-term problem and lift uncertainties about whether or not Huawei may serve the market,” Xu stated.

Transferring ahead, Huawei should be effectively ready for a potential “expertise decoupling” that could be compelled on it by hardliners within the US, shoring up Huawei’s competitiveness in high- end chipsets in addition to pivotal software program just like the Concord-OS for smartphones, an in depth follower of Huawei surnamed Li instructed the International Instances on Tuesday.

“In 2020, we’ll attempt to outlive, and hope we will publish an annual report subsequent yr,” Xu stated.

81 https://www.xda-developers.com/huawei-mate-30-google-play-store-challenges/ The challenges Huawei faces getting Google apps on the Huawei Mate 30 omorrow, journalists from around the world will gather at a venue in Munich, Germany to watch Huawei Consumer Business Group CEO Richard Yu announce his company’s latest consumer products. The company is expected to unveil two wearable accessories, a television, and four smartphones. The focus will largely be on the new Huawei Mate 30 series of smartphones, which Google confirmed cannot be sold with Google Play apps and services. Without Google’s suite of apps, the new Huawei phones will have a tough time in Europe, India, and other markets. But Richard Yu hinted at IFA 2019 that the company has a workaround to allow users to install Google apps on the Mate 30, noting that the process will be “quite easy” for users. We’re no stranger to sideloading Google Play apps and services at XDA, but given Huawei’s unique circumstances, we thought it might be worth exploring what options the company has and whether they really can offer a way for users to download Google’s app suite. MADA, GMS, and Android Certification In order for Google Mobile Services (GMS), a collection of Google apps and services such as the Play Store and Play Services, to be pre-installed on an Android device, a device maker must sign a Mobile Application Distribution Agreement (MADA) to become a licensed Android partner. Then, the device maker must build software that meets all the requirements to be considered Android Compatible, including but not limited to following the rules laid out in the Compatibility Definition Document (CDD) and passing the Compatibility Test Suite (CTS). Per Google, “devices using Android as a trademarked name to advertise their compatibility with Android apps need to pass the Compatibility Test Suite (CTS).” Finally, the software must pass the Google Test Suite (GTS) to be considered compatible with Google Mobile Services. We viewed a copy of a “geo-availability chart” provided to device makers that sign a MADA to distribute GMS apps in the 31 countries of the European Economic Area (EEA). This chart is dated from October of 2018, so it likely does not reflect the up-to-date requirements that Google lays out for partners distributing GMS apps in the EEA. However, we can get a decent understanding of what Google apps are required to be distributed in Europe. The “geo-availability chart” differentiates between Google apps based on importance: Regular GMS Apps: The Core apps that MUST ship with regular Android devices. Go GMS Apps: The Core apps that MUST ship with Android (Go Edition) devices. Core Services: GMS software components that MUST ship on all devices. These are used by other Google apps and are not shown to the user in the launcher. Optional GMS Apps: Other GMS apps that the device maker can choose to preload. For the European Economic Area, the following GMS Apps are considered “Regular GMS Apps:” Google App* Google Chrome* Gmail Google Maps YouTube Google Play Store Google Drive Google Play Movies Google Photos *Following the European Commission’s €4.34 billion fine for antitrust violations, requires device makers to sign an additional license to distribute the Google App and Google Chrome for devices sold in the EEA. The “Core Services” includes system apps and libraries such as GMSCore (also known as Google Play Services), Google Services Framework, ConfigUpdater, AndroidPlatformServices, GoogleBackupTransport, Widevine DRM, and more. “Optional GMS Apps” includes Google apps such as , , , Messages, Google Phone, and much more. Google Pay is an optional GMS app, and partners are allowed to distribute the app if it has launched in

82 the country. For example, at the time this “geo-availability chart” was distributed, Google Pay had not yet launched in France, so Google warned that Pay “MUST NOT” ship in the country or be used in any marketing. Since Huawei cannot sign a new MADA with Google, the Huawei Mate 30, Huawei Mate 30 Pro, and Huawei Mate 30 Lite will not be allowed to ship with the full versions of any GMS apps, including the Core Services. So what can Huawei and users do to work around this restriction?

Sideloading Google Play Apps and Services Even if a device maker does not receive certification from Google to ship GMS apps and components on any given device, it may still be possible for users to manually sideload them. Scenario 1 Understand that Core Services such as the Google Play Store and Google Play Services are very powerful and usually have permissions that cannot be granted to standard user applications. As such, it’s not as simple as just downloading an APK file (the container for an Android application) off of the Internet and then just installing it. These applications must be installed as system applications with privileged permissions. Some device makers, such as Huawei itself, Huawei’s sub-brand Honor, Xiaomi, and others, pre- install what I like to call “stub” versions of the required applications. They also whitelist these applications ahead of time with the required privileged permissions. These “stub” APKs are basically dormant versions that are just waiting to be updated; the trick here is that while you can’t just insert the Google Play Store and Play Services as a system app, you can install an “update” on top of these “stub” APKs to activate them and turn them into their full versions. The user can download the latest, full versions of the Google Play Store, Google Play Services, and other Google apps from third-party platforms such as APKMirror.

The Honor Magic 2, a device made by Huawei sub-brand Honor, is only available in a Chinese market model and hence does not ship with the Google Play Store. As noted in Huawei’s Amazon listing for the device, however, you can sideload Google Play apps without issue. This is because, as shown in the screenshot to the left from an Honor Magic 2 firmware dump, the necessary “Core Services” are pre-installed. Furthermore, as shown in the screenshot to the right, the Core Services apps have been granted the necessary permissions to operate. From what I’ve seen, Huawei, Honor, and Xiaomi do this practice for the phones they sell exclusively in China since their Android licensing agreements require them to pre-install the full Google Play apps and services for phones they sell internationally. I suspect that Huawei, Honor, and Xiaomi do this because they know their China market devices are frequently exported to other countries. Scenario 2 To build upon Scenario 1, a device maker may go so far as to provide a downloader for Google Play apps and services in their own app store. Chinese device maker , for example, takes this approach. The past few days I’ve seen talk about a “Google Service Assistant” application that, upon inspection, seems to use Huawei enterprise APIs to install Google Play apps and services. Users have used this app for devices like the Honor 9X and Honor 9X Pro, which are both currently only sold in China. I do not know if Honor has sanctioned the use of this app, so we reached out to our contacts at Honor to confirm. This app is currently not available on the Huawei AppGallery, for what it’s worth. Scenario 3 If the device maker doesn’t pre-load the “stub” APKs in their software, then the only way the user can get the Google Play Store and Google Play Services up and running is to manually install these apps and grant them their requested privileged permissions. This cannot be done without modifying the software on the device in a process known as “.” Root access grants the user the ability to modify they normally wouldn’t be allowed to access. Think of it as the “Administrator” account on Windows. With root access, the user can easily install Google Play apps and services using a pre- packaged container made by community members from the Open GApps Project.

OpenGapps provides a nice, highly compressed package of all the GMS apps you need. Shown above is the “pico” package, which only contains the necessary Core Services.

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“Rooting” your device does not come without its downsides, however. The process of achieving root access is device-specific and may sometimes be too difficult for the average user to perform. Getting root access also requires that the device maker provide a way to “unlock the bootloader,” or disable the boot-level protections required to gain root access, which the device maker may or may not allow. Huawei, for example, disallows this practice. Finally, many device makers void the warranty if the user unlocks the bootloader, though this practice may not hold up in countries with more generous consumer protection laws. Everything we’ve just talked about involves just installing the Google Play Store and Google Play Services. There’s still the step of actually running these apps, and that may not be as simple as tapping the app icon in the launcher.

Google’s Crackdown on Uncertified Devices In March of 2018, Google started showing a “device is not certified by Google” message to some users whose devices did not pass Google certification. The message warns users that the device manufacturer “has preloaded Google apps and services without certification from Google,” and it warns device manufacturers that they “need a license from Google to distribute apps and services.” Until this message is dealt with, you cannot use any Google apps. The only way a user can bypass this message is to manually register their device with Google, but this is intended to be used only by users running a “custom ROM” (after-market software).

Google does not care if individual users in the custom ROM community install Google Play apps and Services, hence why Google has turned a blind eye for so long to the distribution of GApps packages even though they’re well within their rights to shut this down. On the other hand, Google does care if unlicensed manufacturers are distributing their apps, hence why they started showing this warning last year. After we published our article, a representative from Meizu reached out to us, asking if they could republish my workaround tutorial on this matter, so it seems that this warning has already hit many devices sold in China. I don’t know how widespread this warning is as of today, but the last time I personally came across this warning was when I flashed a leaked Android 10 system image on a XL.

If Google does not whitelist Huawei devices from the warning, then users will have to follow the instructions on this page to use Google Play apps and services. If you sideload Google Play apps and services as outlined in Scenario 1 or 2 on Huawei, Honor, and Xiaomi devices currently sold in China, you likely won’t come across this message. The reason is that even though these China market phones have no need to meet Google’s Android certification requirements, these device makers meet the requirements anyway. Abiding by the CDD and passing the CTS is already part of their engineers’ workflow and these companies already follow Google’s requirements for most of their other devices. I have thus sideloaded Google Play apps and services on the Honor Magic 2, Honor Note 8, Honor Note 10, and the Tencent ROG Phone II without any issues. The Honor Magic 2 passes CTS despite the fact that it never launched outside of China and doesn’t ship with GMS apps. Since Huawei sells the phone on Amazon, though, they know importers will want to have access to Google Play apps and services.

The Problem for the Huawei Mate 30 Disclaimer: I am unaware if Huawei has made any kind of agreement with Google, so I’m presenting the following as my own analysis of what might happen. Because the U.S. trade ban restricts Google from licensing Android to Huawei’s new products like the Huawei Mate 30 series, the Huawei Mate 30 cannot ship with Google Mobile Services. Huawei may be able to pre-install the “stub” APKs to facilitate sideloading, but they can’t actually host the full GMS apps on their own app store (the Huawei AppGallery.) As pointed out by Ron Amadeo from ArsTechnica, apps made by U.S. companies are also subject to the U.S. ban, so Google can’t distribute its own apps on the Huawei AppGallery. Huawei may be able to get away with hosting an installer for GMS apps—again, we’ve reached out to Honor see if the “Google Service Assistant”

84 app is officially recommended by them—but I’m not sure that will hold up if the installer is made by Huawei. Even so, sideloading GMS apps on the Huawei Mate 30 and other new devices from Huawei and Honor will likely trigger the “device is not certified by Google” error message to appear. Overcoming this message will be a significant barrier to entry for the average user, and I’m curious to see how Huawei will deal with this. We’ll find out in about 24 hours from now when the Huawei Mate 30 series is officially unveiled in Munich, Germany. You can watch the live stream for the event here, which begins at 2 PM CEST/8 AM EST. I suspect that Huawei won’t make the Mate 30 series immediately available in Europe, and indeed, LetsGoDigital is reporting just that. Still, Huawei may end up surprising us by revealing an agreement they made in secret with Google.

85 https://www.androidpolice.com/2020/01/30/huawei-says-it-wont-return-to-google-services-even-if- trade-ban-lifts/ Huawei says it won't return to Google services even if trade ban lifts (Update: Statement)

Huawei got caught in the middle of the US/China trade war and has been cut off from Google's apps and services for more than half a year now. That forced the company to quickly create a Google-less Android variant to ensure phones like the Mate 30 Pro could ship. Even though it looks like the US and China are coming to terms with each other and Huawei's ban might be lifted soon, the manufacturer has told Austrian newspaper Der Standard that it still won't return to Google's services. Huawei's Austrian country manager Fred Wangfei says the company wants to get rid of its dependence on US politics, as no one could tell if there would be another blockade following the current one. That's why the manufacturer's stated goal is the creation of a third smartphone ecosystem next to Android and iOS. In both the long and short term, Huawei wants its version of Android to stay as close as possible to Google's to burden app developers with little to no additional work. That's why it's currently hard- pressed to properly recreate Google Play Services functionality, which offers APIs that allow apps to receive push notifications and location services. Huawei tells Standard that it already replicates the most essential 24 out of 60 individual APIs through its Huawei Mobile Services alternative thanks to a team of 4,000 developers. The company would also be happy to welcome US apps like Facebook and WhatsApp in its Play Store alternative App Gallery. Since US companies currently aren't allowed to trade with Huawei, the manufacturer wants to found a proxy-corporation in Europe that those businesses could work with. Despite its positive outlook on the future, Huawei knows that becoming independent will be a hard feat. It expects that the lack of Google apps will lower its market share initially. Its three-billion-dollar investments in Huawei Mobile Services and additional one-billion-dollar expenses for international ad campaigns promoting its Google-less future probably won't help the company stay in the black, either.

Huawei's statement Following this news, Huawei has provided us with the following statement: An open Android ecosystem is still our first choice, but if we are not able to continue to use it, we have the ability to develop our own. In content, this response from the company doesn't deny the original statements it made regarding excluding Google apps and services from future devices. We frankly read this as confirmation, otherwise the company would have offered some sort of retraction — though perhaps it could change its mind in the future if a decision like this puts a bigger dent on its recent successes. Either way, it's basically a non-statement.

86 https://www.androidpolice.com/2020/01/30/huawei-sold-more-phones-than-apple-in-2019-but-q4- data-shows-possible-trouble/

Huawei sold more phones than Apple in 2019, but Q4 data shows possible trouble Despite facing a slew of challenges throughout 2019 that threatened to grind Huawei's global business into oblivion, the Chinese phone manufacturer has somehow managed to defy its own financial expectations and surpass one of its most powerful competitors. The latest financial reports are in, and Huawei has officially overtaken Apple to become the second largest global smartphone vendor in 2019. However, Q4 data shows that darker times may soon be ahead.

According to Counterpoint, more than 60% of all Huawei phones shipped in 2019 were bound for Chinese customers, the same market that both Samsung and Apple have struggled to crack. Meanwhile, Huawei's older flagships — like the P30 Pro — that are still able to access Google apps and receive Android updates have fueled sales in countries where the US government ban has had a larger impact. This has effectively sandwiched Huawei (~240M phones) neatly between leader Samsung (~290M phones) and third place Apple (~200M) for the 2019 fiscal year.

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Although Huawei may have overtaken Apple in terms of units, this news isn't all positive. According to data gathered by Canalys, Huawei's shipments dropped 7% in Q4 2019, signaling the company's first quarterly decline in two years. Samsung also saw its first slump since 2018, while Apple surged to new heights, lending credence that this could just be a holiday season blip for the big three. We'll have to wait until Q1 2020 to know if Huawei's decline will continue or if the company will be able to rally ahead

88 https://www.androidpolice.com/2019/11/07/i-tried-to-use-a-huawei-phone-without--apps-and- it-did-not-go-well/ I tried to use an Honor phone without Google's apps — and it did not go well

By now you’re probably familiar with the Huawei ban. Back in May, as part of the US government’s pointless trade war with China, Huawei was put on an “entity list” preventing American companies from doing business with the Chinese giant. As a result, Huawei lost access to Intel and Qualcomm’s chips, Microsoft and Google’s software — like Windows and Google Mobile Services (GMS) — and much more US tech. Huawei mostly makes phones using its own Kirin processors, so losing access to Qualcomm’s hardware isn’t a huge issue. The company can also continue using Android since it’s open source. But losing access to GMS means new Huawei phones cannot run Google’s apps or services, or third party apps that use Google’s APIs — a deal breaker in many markets, including Europe, where Huawei handsets are extremely popular. The first two phones from the Chinese company to launch without GMS support are the Huawei Mate 30 Pro and the Honor 9x Pro (Honor is a sub-brand of Huawei). I recently received a Chinese-market Honor 9x Pro review unit from the PR team, and so began my first serious experience using an Android phone without GMS. I’m writing this article to share my trials and tribulations on this mad journey, from the perspective of someone who relies extensively on Google’s apps/services. The challenge My goal here is to share which apps work, which don’t, and what alternatives exist. And yes, I’m aware of at least two workarounds to restore GMS support on these two handsets, but that’s besides the point. First, this isn’t as trivial as downloading and installing a few APKs and second, I’d like to explore what’s possible and what’s not before having to reach for the nuclear option — enabling GMS support. Below are the apps I selected and tested on the Honor 9x Pro, along with any challenges I encountered along the way. For each category, I started by installing my preferred app, then settled on an alternative only if absolutely necessary. To be clear, the apps listed below are my personal picks, and you might not agree with my choices. Feel free to suggest better apps for each category in the comments below. App store Since the Google Play Store was definitely out the window, and Huawei’s built-in AppGallery mostly features Chinese apps I don’t care about, my first idea was to download and install the Amazon App Store APK. This did not end well. While I was able to run the app and successfully login to my Amazon account, I systematically got a network error beyond this point, whether I was connected via LTE or WiFi — as if the phone was blocking access to Amazon’s servers. I‘d pretty much resigned to using APK Mirror to get all my apps — a time-consuming process — when one of my podcast listeners suggested I try the Aurora Store. And that, dear readers, was a stroke of genius. The Aurora Store is an unofficial Play Store client that gives any Android device anonymous access to every app in Google’s store. It’s totally awesome, and I highly recommend it. From here on, downloading, installing, and updating apps was a breeze! Launcher Since I’m not a big fan of the default Huawei/Honor launcher, I installed Nova launcher. No problems here, until I tried making it the default launcher. Turns out you can’t change the launcher on Huawei and Honor phones sold in China. Apparently, there are clones of the stock launcher with malware out there, so the company’s locked it down. Major bummer. Keyboard I like Google’s , and surprisingly, I was able to install and run it without any issues. This was a pretty rare instance of complete success with a Google app, though, because many of the others rely on a linked account for certain features to work. Messaging My preferred SMS app is Google Messages, but strangely, it didn’t work, so I just used Honor’s built- in app — appropriately called Messaging. I’m sure there are better SMS apps out there, but texting isn’t critical when I’m testing a phone. Suggestions?

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I don’t generally need WhatsApp, WeChat, or Telegram on handsets I review, so I didn’t try these apps, but I installed Facebook Messenger since my friends and family use it (for better or worse). As you’d expect, it worked just fine without GMS. Social media Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram installed and ran like a charm. No surprises here! Email, calendar, and contacts I’m lumping these together because I found a single app that conveniently syncs with Gmail, Google Calendar, and . As you probably guessed, this app is Microsoft Outlook, and it’s fantastic. My only gripe is that it lacks support for Gmail labels, which I use extensively. But honestly, that’s a minor issue when you consider how well this app integrates with Google’s services. I did run into one snag, though. Outlook uses a web view to login to Google’s services, and that didn’t work out of the box. I’m not sure if this a limitation with Honor’s built-in browser or something else, but the solution was to install Google Chrome and make it the default browser. Speaking of which... Web browser I enjoy using Google Chrome on most of my devices, and I’m happy to report that Google’s excellent web browser installs and runs just fine without GMS. Obviously, you can’t connect it to a to sync bookmarks and browsing history, but it works and even supports form and password autocompletion. Maps Google Maps is my go-to navigation app, and it works without any issues here. Honestly, this was a pleasant surprise. Like with Chrome, you can’t connect the app to a Google account to sync search and location history, but that’s not a huge deal. I didn’t try Waze since I don’t use it. Cloud storage As you’d expect, Google Drive and the company’s Documents, Sheets, and Slides apps installed fine but didn’t run. That being said, you can use Google Drive on the web instead. It’s not ideal, but it’s OK in a pinch. I figure that Dropbox probably works without GMS, but I didn’t try it. Music My preferred music app is Google Play Music, and obviously, that didn’t work. Like Google Drive, though, it can be accessed via the web — not the best solution, but possible. I also installed Spotify, and it ran totally fine. Photo and video Google Photos was a no-go, disappointingly. I really like using it to edit photos, so I expected it to behave like Google Chrome and Google Maps and run fine without being logged into a Google account. The app installs OK but crashes at launch. It’s really unfortunate since it does so much more than just backup photos. At least works without any issues. I didn’t try Google Play Movies, but I installed Netflix, and it doesn’t run. It complains about needing Google Play services, which seems like an odd dependency for a non-Google app, but is probably related to the app's notoriously fickle DRM. Other apps While I don’t usually use Lyft and Uber on my review units, I decided to try them out — mostly because both use the Google Maps APIs, and Google Maps works fine. The apps installed OK, but didn’t run without Google Play Services, just like Netflix. That makes them effectively useless. The takeaway

At this point I gave up. Sure, you might be able to replace Google Drive and even Google Photos with Dropbox for backups, and Snapseed for editing. And Spotify is definitely more popular than Google Play Music. But without Netflix, Lyft, or Uber, you’re pretty much DoA — and that’s not even counting the dozens of other apps I didn’t try that most people use every day, many of which probably rely on Google's Play Services for things as basic as notifications and as critical as in-app mapping and device authentication. Ultimately then, it’s just not practical (or even reasonable) for anyone who has access to the unrestricted Internet to live with an Android phone that lacks GMS -- Google user or not. It’s a foolish and quixotic endeavor, best left to those who like to tinker and experiment. To put it another way: good luck with that. I ended up enabling GMS on my Honor 9x Pro review unit, and I haven’t looked back -- it’s been a great experience ever since.

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And to be clear, this story is not about a particular handset, but about how critical GMS is to the future of Huawei. In fact, the Honor 9x Pro is a lovely $320 mid-range phone made even better by re-enabling GMS. It features a notchless 6.59-inch 1080p IPS display and a 16MP pop-up selfie camera. There’s a Kirin 810 under the hood, along with 8GB RAM, 128GB of storage (plus micro-SD support), and a 4000mAh battery. But it’s the triple rear shooter that really shines, with a 48MP f/1.8 main camera, 8MP ultrawide lens, and 2MP depth sensor. Hopefully, you’ll be able to enjoy this handset outside of China soon, as the US government is expected to lift the Huawei ban sometime in the next few weeks, In the meantime, you can pick up the global variant of the Honor 9x (non-Pro), which is very similar and supports GMS out of the box.

91 https://www.androidpolice.com/2020/03/06/huawei-developers-incentive-join-app-store/ Huawei's giving developers a big incentive to join its app store Some developers can receive 100% of the revenue they generate on Huawei's AppGallery for a limited time

Ever since Huawei saw itself caught amid the US-China trade quarrel, it has been scrambling to find a replacement for Google's ecosystem of apps. While its HMS Core is already doing a decent job as an alternative to the Google Play Services, the same can't be said about the company's AppGallery. It's missing many vital apps owners outside of China expect to have on their Android phones. To help grow this store, the company wants to incentivize developers with preferential revenue sharing for 24 months after they join the platform. A dive into the AppGallery Joint Operations Service Agreement shows that Huawei differentiates between three categories for its incentive system: education, gaming, and others. Education apps will receive a standard 80% of the revenue they generate on Huawei's distribution platform, while the other two categories get 70%. The differences become more defined right after a developer joins the platform: Education and other apps will receive 100% of revenue between the first and twelfth month. After that, education applications still get 90% while other apps collect 85% for another twelve months. Games are entitled to 85% during the full 24 first months. There's a catch, though: GizmoChina reports that this preferential sharing agreement will only come into effect for developers who sign up before June 30, 2020. Standard Preferential Revenue Share Percentage（ Revenue Share ） Developer Huawei:Developer Percentage Apps Categories (Huawei: The 1st month to the The 13th month to the 24th Developer） 12th month month

Education 20%:80% 0%:100% 10%:90%

Gaming 30%:70% 15%:85% 15%:85%

Media and Entertainment, Tools, Communication, Books and References, Photography, Food and Drink, Travel and Navigation, Travel and 30%:70% 0%:100% 15%:85% Accommodation, Shopping, Business, Kids, Finance, Sports and Health, Lifestyle and Convenience, Cars, and Personalized Themes. The move could certainly entice smaller dev studios that offer paid apps or rely on in-app purchases to make the switch, but the question remains if it'll also pull in all the big players. We almost certainly won't see Google apps in the Huawei store, but Microsoft, Amazon, Snapchat, Reddit, and many popular European developers have already joined it. The list of prominent absentees includes Facebook, Twitter, and Spotify. Google, in comparison, only offers a blanket 70:30 revenue sharing option for paid apps and in-app purchases, though it relaxed this rule for subscriptions — for these, developers permanently get 85%. In an ideal world, Huawei's push for more developer revenue might also make Google reconsider its 30% Play Store tax, but that's unlikely — after all, most apps on the AppGallery will go back to the same 70:30 revenue sharing system that Google (and Apple) established.

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https://www.androidpolice.com/2020/03/26/huawei-unveils-fitness-oriented-watch-gt2e-smartwatch/ Huawei unveils fitness-oriented Watch GT2e smartwatch

Back in September, Huawei launched the Watch GT2, which seemed to be a mere upgrade over the previous generation. The company just announced a new intelligent timepiece, the Watch GT2e, which is designed for those with an active lifestyle. It's essentially a Watch GT2 with advanced fitness features and a rubberized design.

The watch keeps the impressive two-week battery life from the regular model, as well as the 1.39 inch AMOLED display, but comes with rubber straps and more fitness-focused functions. These include heart rate tracking, even when swimming thanks to its 5ATM water resistance, a built-in GPS, accelerometer, gyroscope, and altimeter. It also has SpO2 monitoring thanks to the IR sensor, but unfortunately, this will not be enabled at launch and will be activated at a later time.

As this is a timepiece designed for active people, there are more than 100 workout modes, such as rock climbing, skateboard, street dancing, surfing, and more. The watch can also automatically detect a workout and automatically launch its tracking, without you having to do anything. If you're looking for a program, the Watch GT2e comes with pre-installed training programs with voice-over, meaning you'll always have a coach with you to help you train. Finally, the watch offers advanced fitness tracking like VO2Max, workout effects, training intensity, and workout progress monitoring. Sadly, some of these features will be available at a later stage via a software update.

Even though the watch looks promising, it may have a few shortcomings. First, it runs on Huawei's LiteOS, which is pretty limited when it comes to app availability. Also, it doesn't have 4G support, which will definitely be a roadblock for many active users, preventing them from working out without a phone.

93 https://www.techradar.com/news/harmonyos Harmony OS: what you need to know about Huawei's new operating system Huawei's CEO announced Harmony OS in August 2019, as the company's new cross-device operating system that could bring about the next phase of Huawei's tech dominance The announcement was clearly a thinly-veiled response to political events over the last year, but the message is clear – if Huawei has to ditch Android, down the line, it can. Harmony OS is related to, but not exactly the same as, the Huawei Mobile Services (HMS), replacements to Google's apps that the company is working on in an effort to work pass the Huawei ban. These are apps that would go on its smartphones like the Huawei P40 or Mate 40, and there's certainly a ticking clock element in Huawei resuscitating its phone division before people associate it too much with the ban from Google apps. Harmony OS, or as Huawei likes to style it 'HarmonyOS', (previously codenamed HongMeng) is a platform designed for a variety of devices, and is currently aimed at IoT devices such as smart displays or smart home equipment. The first product with the operating system is Honor TV, although more similar products have since been announced, including Huawei TV. Given the political situation between the US and China (see: Huawei ban) and the impact it’s had on Huawei’s access to Android over the last year, it’s little wonder that the brand is presenting a defiant, confident stance.

Cut to the chase What is it? Huawei's new operating system, set to work on a variety of products When is it out? In China you can buy Harmony OS products, but it could be 2020 by the time you can elsewhere How much will it cost? Harmony OS won't cost you to use, though its products may Harmony OS price and release date

Harmony OS will be free to use, as long as you've got a device running the OS, but since even the best Huawei devices are relatively affordable, that shouldn't be too hard. You might be waiting awhile to use Harmony OS, though. It's in use on Honor TV and Huawei TV sets, but those are currently only available in China, and while we've heard the next GT smartwatch will run on the operating system, a release of that is still some way out. As we'll get into, Harmony OS (or Huawei Mobile Services, as is more likely) on Huawei smartphones is still a way off too, if it's to come at all, so outside of China, we may be waiting a long time to try the operating system.

How does Harmony OS work? Huawei claims that with the rise of the IoT device, a more efficient operating system is needed. With these IoT devices packing less memory and storage than even the best smartphones, they need significantly more streamlined code, and for 100 lines of Android code, you could just have one line of Harmony OS code. Despite this, Harmony OS is still able to deliver powerful functionality across devices. By taking a 'single kernel across devices approach', Huawei also aims to create a shared ecosystem of different devices, break through silos and in turn save developers time. One app can be deployed across a car head unit, smartwatch, fitness tracker and speaker, working perfectly. We’ve seen something similar ideas before, most notably on , which had a shared Kernel with . While that wasn’t a hit, Huawei’s could have a silver bullet in its gun - Android compatibility.

Harmony OS started life as a TV OS, to create opportunities for seamless casting and fluid across devices, so a user could be on a video call on their phone, cast it to a TV in the kitchen, then continue it in the living room. After that, they could take a phone call, moving from room to room, with the call following them around jumping from one smart speaker to another. Harmony OS will also feature on watches, speakers and car head units down the line, but isn't limited to these device categories. What’s more, it’s open-source, with Huawei releasing promises for plenty of developer support down the line.

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Harmony OS will also be an open-source platform, so developers will be able to provide apps for the platform and other manufacturers of smartphones may even choose to use the operating system.

Is Harmony OS set to replace Android on phones? As for smartphones getting Harmony OS, Yu was clear on Huawei’s current stance when Harmony OS was unveiled: "When can we put it on our smartphones? We can do it any time, but for the Google partnership, and efficiency, the priority will be for Google Android OS ... If we cannot use it in the future, we can switch from Android’. As time goes on, the possibility of Huawei phones running on Android gets smaller and smaller, so it's looking more and more likely that Harmony OS or the Huawei Mobile Services could see a debut on a device some time in 2020.

He clarified that the switch would be “quick and easy”, putting forward fighting words while clearly safeguarding his company’s partnership with Google, for the time being at least. Upon its announcement, Yu refrained from committing to any switches from Android to Harmony OS just yet, and it seems Huawei's President of Global Media and Communications, Joy Tan, agrees, suggesting Harmony OS isn't going to replace Android on Huawei phones any time soon. Tan said "a viable alternative to Android's operating system will take years to complete.", seemingly contradicting statements made upon Harmony OS' debut, but it just shows that there's no immediate plans for Harmony OS to be available on Huawei phones.

95 https://www.techradar.com/news/huaweis-harmony-has-potential-to-become-national-os-of-china

Huawei’s Harmony has potential to become ‘national OS’ of China Samsung and LG, apart from Oppo, Vivo and Xiaomi, could join the bandwagon in China.

Huawei’s in-house developed multi-device operating system – HarmonyOS – has the potential to become the ‘national OS’ of China, an industry expert said. “Huawei has a big opportunity to scale the OS in China across multiple device categories and to build a robust developer community as the Chinese government is pushing for a ‘national OS’ in a bid to become less reliant on Google and Microsoft,” Neil Shah, Research Director for Devices and Ecosystems at Counterpoint Technology Market Research, told TechRadar Middle East. Chinese internet players such as Alibaba, Baidu and Tencent have developed OSs based on Android before but it did not take off.If the government pushed other big Chinese brands such as Oppo, Vivo and Xiaomi to develop not only smartphones but also other products such as TVs, he said then HarmonyOS can scale across and it will become more attractive for developers to develop apps. Chinese brands hold more than 40% of the smartphone market share globally. According to Counterpoint, Huawei had 15.8%, Xiaomi had 9%, Oppo had 8.1%, Vivo had 7.5%, had 2.6% and had 1.3% as of second quarter this year.

Microkernel architecture is the future of OS Shah said that HarmonyOS is quite disruptive for the China market and by looking at the architecture; it is quite flexible as it is microkernel and it has also opened the platform for its competitors. “Microkernel architecture is the future of OS and Huawei is the first major OS vendor to adopt it on a larger scale. Google is also planning for micro-kernel architecture in its in-development Fuchsia OS. Huawei has learned the shortcomings from the current OS architectures such as Android’s monolithic kernel and Apple’s fragmented OS approach to develop a distributed and flexible microkernel architecture,” he said. The Chinese company said that the OS version 2.0 of its microkernel will be released next year while version 3.0 arrives in 2021. When the time is right and Huawei has more developers developing apps for Harmony OS, Shah said that developers can take full advantage of the scalability of the microkernel architecture. Huawei is the biggest player in China in terms of mobile devices and the internet of things devices.

Bigger scope for scale in China Shah said that launching smartphones in China with HarmonyOS has a bigger scope for scale as there is no Android’s Google Mobile Service in China and Huawei is using its cloud services. “Huawei has in the next three to four years to build a robust OS in the China market and make sure it is mature enough to go on an offensive and make Honor to launch products running on HarmonyOS and flood the market with different products running on Harmony OS,” he said. Samsung did a similar thing in the past. Samsung had used for low-end smartphones but did not take off but the Korean vendor uses it now for , TVs and other white goods. Huawei already has a growing wearable, IoT and automotive business, all of which could be powered by Harmony OS. So, Shah said that Huawei will have a similar strategy where Google does not have that much play. “Huawei does not want to upset Google but they should proliferate the Chinese market with HarmonyOS smartphones in the next three to four years,” he said. Moreover, he said that there is also scope for Samsung and LG, whose market shares are less than 1% in China, to adopt HarmonyOS to grow its market share in China. Huawei will face pressure from attracting developers In the next five years, he said that TVs, smartwatches, smartphones and tablets will see higher proliferation and then in-car infotainment and electric vehicles. China’s BYD is the biggest electric car manufacturer in the world and they may also form an alliance with Huawei. In 2022, Harmony will come into AR, VR and other head-mounted devices. The market has seen different platforms in smartwatch (WatchOS, Tizen, OS, Android Wear & other proprietary OSs), smart TV (Android TV, Linux, WebOS, Tizen and others), IoT segments (RTOS flavours, LiteOS, Linux, mbedOS and more).

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So, Shah said an open-source and robust microkernel-based OS platform has the potential to drive enthusiasm in the non-smartphone space as well. Even though most of the big developers on board are based in China, Shah said that Huawei will face pressure from attracting app developers from outside of China and they need to do it alone. Huawei Mobile Services connects more than 910,000 global developers and 100m users outside of China. If the Chinese brands take the open HarmonyOS route and build two or three mobile phones globally, Shah said then there is more scale for developers to develop apps for HarmonyOS rather than on Samsung or Apple play stores. However, he said that the only challenge is that Apple and Google took almost a decade to strengthen its app stores in terms of security and launching it in different markets. So, he said that Huawei will find it difficult to maintain the app store and in different countries, localization of apps, to get developers to optimise apps for HarmonyOS and integrate other monetisation options via Harmony SDKs at a scale which other OS providers were not able to do – for example, Microsoft with Windows Phone. Google has reached a stage where it supports many languages but Shah hopes that Huawei will take at least five to six years to reach that level. Eventually, he said that other Chinese players will have to adopt HarmonyOS as it will give them some leverage over Google as well. Opportunity to boost its services business The meat of the Android platform is the GMS while every OEMs have their cloud services and app stores apart from the third-party app stores. Most of the people in China use a handful of apps as it is restricted. Half of the people spent their time on WeChat and others on Baidu and Alibaba for searching and shopping, apart from gaming. So, if anyone wants GMS, they can download the APK file and sideload it. “Anyone can sideload it and Google will earn revenue if someone watches a video on Harmony OS. The only issue is that Google will not have that much control it had on Android and cannot collect a lot of user data as it is not linked to the Google ID,” he said. Samsung’s Tizen is a competitor to Android but some of the Goggle apps work on Samsung TVs. In the end, Shah said that Google, Microsoft and Facebook don’t bother about the platform as long as they make revenue out of it. With Harmony OS, he said that Huawei has an opportunity to boost its services business – Huawei Cloud, HiLink, Music, Video and others.

97 https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/26/21194248/huawei-p40-pro-plus-release-date-specs-price- features-camera-google HUAWEI HOPES THE P40 PRO’S POWERFUL HARDWARE CAN LURE YOU AWAY FROM GOOGLE Huawei has announced a new flagship series of phones in its latest attempt to use top-of-the-line specs and cameras to lure Western customers to its Google-free ecosystem. The Huawei P40, P40 Pro, and P40 Pro Plus are filled with flagship features, including Huawei’s 5G Kirin 990 processors, up to four rear cameras, and up to 90Hz displays. Ahead of today’s announcement, I had the opportunity to use the P40 Pro for a couple of hours to get an early impression of how it performs; that is the model pictured throughout.

YOU WON’T FIND ANY GOOGLE APPS OR SERVICES ON HUAWEI’S NEW PHONES Of course, it’s impossible to write about these phones without addressing the big, Google-shaped elephant in the room, which is that they can’t and won’t ship with access to Google’s apps or services, including the Google Play Store. Yesterday, my colleague Sam Byford wrote a pretty detailed explainer on what the situation continues to mean for Huawei’s devices, so I won’t repeat too many of his points here. Suffice it to say, despite Huawei offering a number of alternatives to get popular apps onto your device, a lot of them feel like workarounds and can come with downsides like a lack of access to automatic updates. For mapping apps, in particular, it’s hard to overcome the lack of Google Maps (other apps are available, but I’ve yet to find a good one), and if you absolutely need to use Google’s apps in other areas (such as if your work uses G Suite) then there really is no alternative to Google’s software.

Huawei is making investments to try to improve the situation. It says that it’s adding more and more apps to its own AppGallery store, that it’s working with developers to build more apps that use Huawei Mobile Services rather than Google’s Mobile Services, and it’s also got its own first-party apps to compete with Google’s. These include its video chat service, MeeTime, which it announced is coming to European markets, including Germany, France, Italy, and Spain, after launching in China last year. It’s also introducing its own voice assistant called Celia, which it’s clearly hoping can provide a replacement for . Finally, it’s working with TomTom to provide a Google Maps alternative. It’s a good start, but the extent to which these services can truly replace Google’s outside of China is still uncertain. All of this raises the question of how good a phone’s hardware has to be in order to tempt users away from Google’s app ecosystem. Huawei hasn’t forgotten how to make great hardware. Last year’s P30 Pro had one of our favorite smartphone cameras of the year, but it also still came with all of the apps and services that you tend to take for granted on an Android phone. The Huawei P40 Pro series boasts similarly impressive specs, but there are still big questions to be answered about how viable Huawei’s software ecosystem is for users outside of China.

98 https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/25/21193639/huawei-mate-30-google-apps-services-appgallery- p40-preview

LIVING A GOOGLE-FREE LIFE WITH A HUAWEI PHONE Tomorrow Huawei will launch its latest flagship phones, the P40 series, at an event to be streamed online. There won’t be any people in the audience, of course, but even if there were, the atmosphere would be pretty weird. That’s because it’s impossible to separate Huawei’s consumer products from the political onslaught it’s faced in the past couple of years. Whether you believe that Huawei is a threat to national security in the West or not, the knock-on effects to its phone business are real. Google is barred from doing business with Huawei, meaning the Chinese giant is unable to obtain an Android license. And that means that until further notice, any new Huawei phone has to ship without Google apps and services. You don’t have to be the most hardcore Google fan in the world to see how this is likely a dealbreaker for most people. Heck, you don’t even have to be an Android user. Google’s services are so widespread and pervasive that if you really don’t use any of them on a regular basis, it’s probably because you’re actively avoiding them. And Huawei is charging very high prices for high-end smartphones that, at least officially, cannot run them at all. Partly out of personal curiosity and partly to put the P40 launch into better context, I decided to pick up Huawei’s most recent flagship phone, the Mate 30 Pro, and see if I could live with it for a while. (Huawei declined to provide a review unit upon its release.) The Mate 30 Pro is the company’s highest-end phone right now, running the same in-house Kirin 990 processor that will undoubtedly be in the P40. What’s it like inside Huawei’s walls today?

This isn’t really the point of this story, but the first thing I will say about the Mate 30 Pro is that it is absolutely stunning. Honestly, I don’t think there was a better looking phone released last year. In photos, you might look at the notch and chin and write it off, but in person the phone looks bold, balanced, and futuristic. The aggressively curved “waterfall” display is as striking as it was on the Vivo Nex 3, and I haven’t had any problem with accidental touch input. The back panel of the phone is gorgeous, transitioning from a rough matte finish at the bottom to a glossier feel at the top, with an even shinier ring circling the camera modules. And that camera setup is as good as any you’ll find in a phone, with excellent low-light capabilities, a 3x telephoto, and a unique 40-megapixel ultrawide. Huawei’s integration of hardware and software is on another level to most other Android phone makers. Other than Google, very few are offering a comparable 3D face-unlock system, and Huawei is doing it with a smaller notch than the iPhone — let alone the Pixel 4’s giant forehead. The Mate 30 Pro also has a neat solution to the lack of space for volume buttons afforded by the waterfall display: you just double-tap the edge of the phone and a slider pops up along the side. I think I prefer Vivo’s capacitive virtual rocker, since it’s easier to use without looking at the screen, but Huawei’s approach works well enough too. Overall, I would say that if hypothetically there were ever an incredible piece of smartphone hardware that you might be willing to deal with a little software inconvenience for, the Huawei Mate 30 Pro would have as good a case as anything else on the planet. But let’s just say you’d really, really, have to want it. The Mate 30 Pro, and presumably the forthcoming P40 phones, use EMUI 10, which is based on Android 10. I have never been much of a fan of EMUI even when it had Google apps and services to back it up; of all the many extensive efforts Chinese phone makers have taken to turn Android into iOS, Huawei’s has often been among the most burdensome. The latest version, though, is actually pretty nice. While the vestiges of iOS cloning remain in certain elements like the over-designed share sheet, EMUI 10 is simple and clean and mostly gets out of your way. A smartphone UI isn’t much use without apps, of course, and here is where Huawei hits its first hurdle. Huawei has its own store called AppGallery, which it claims is the third largest in the world based on its more than 400 million monthly active users. The vast majority of those users will be in China, of course, where the Google Play Store has never been included alongside AppGallery. If you buy a Mate 30 Pro now anywhere in the world, though, AppGallery is what you get out of the box.

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APPGALLERY IS MISSING FACEBOOK, NETFLIX, AND TWITTER To be blunt, it is not great. I wouldn’t call it barren — there is support from major US companies like Microsoft, Amazon, and . You can’t get Chrome, of course, but Opera is there if you want something with desktop sync. But a huge amount of its content is aimed at China, with other big Western names like Facebook, Slack, Netflix, and Twitter missing, which puts the Mate 30 Pro in a more precarious app situation than even the diciest days of Windows Phone. Huawei has announced a $1 billion plan to help stock AppGallery’s shelves, but it has its work cut out. That said, AppGallery isn’t the only native way to get apps. Huawei offers a tool called Phone Clone as part of the Mate 30 Pro’s setup process, and it’s kind of neat. You’ll need to download Phone Clone from the Play Store on another Android phone with the apps you want to send over; then, the two phones pair and establish a fast local Wi-Fi connection. You can’t transfer core Google apps this way, but most other third-party software should work fine. In a matter of minutes, I had almost everything I was missing from AppGallery. My Japanese dictionary, NBA League Pass, Twitter, Pokémon Go, Instagram, Apple Music, The Athletic, Slack… all things that I use on my phone basically every day, and all things that I’d need to have access to on any phone I’d ever seriously consider buying. It even sent over a few random Google apps like YouTube Music and Lens. Phone Clone is the difference between the Mate 30 Pro being completely unusable and a somewhat viable option. But it’s not a panacea. For one thing, it’s obviously impractical to expect most people to keep around another phone to download Play Store apps and then transfer them whenever they need something new. You won’t get regular updates this way, either. Phone Clone also doesn’t solve the lack of Google services. You can bookmark Google search in a browser, of course, and Huawei’s built-in email app works with Gmail accounts, but good luck working in Docs or doing anything across the ecosystem. In my personal situation, I wouldn’t be able to use this as a day-to-day work phone because our company operates on G Suite. There’s a subtler problem, though, which is that not every app will work properly even if you’re able to install it. This is because what Huawei is actually banned from using is Google Mobile Services (GMS), the suite of software and APIs licensed by other Android OEMs. It’s not just the apps themselves, but often the cloud services that power them. For example, Uber uses GMS to determine your location and for its mapping data. Some other apps, like The Guardian, work more or less normally but pop up an error message on boot saying Google Play services are required. The ubiquity of GMS is a big reason why alternative app stores have trouble taking off on Android phones, at least outside China. Since Android phone manufacturers have little choice but to license Google services because of the popularity of Google apps, third-party developers can use Google’s extensive tools to build their software safe in the knowledge it’ll be supported by virtually every Android phone. Take Amazon’s Appstore for Android, for example. Despite Amazon’s giant stature and the popularity of its Kindle tablets — the , not so much — many developers have held off from adding their apps to the store. Even though Amazon hardware runs a forked version of Android that should theoretically run almost any Play Store app natively, anyone who built their app with GMS would have to find or develop alternative back-end services to get it to run on a device without Google licensing. (Incidentally, the is worth installing on the Mate 30 Pro. It isn’t as well- stocked as the Play Store, but it’s still a better option than AppGallery for Western audiences — you can at least get things like Facebook and Twitter without resorting to Phone Clone, and the apps will receive updates.) RELATED Huawei P30 Pro review: zooming into the future Perhaps the starkest indicator of the problems facing Huawei in this regard is mapping. The Mate 30 Pro straight-up does not ship with a maps app that anyone outside China would be able to use. The best options in AppGallery, as far as I can tell, are both Russian-developed: there’s Yandex Maps, which conveniently seems to stop its coverage right at the boundary of my neighborhood, and the functional but pretty limited Maps.me, which is based on OpenStreetMap. I tried to use Yahoo Japan’s excellent Japanese map app through Phone Clone, but its reliance on GMS makes it completely unusable.

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It’s not impossible for advanced users to sideload GMS onto the Mate 30 Pro and install the Play Store. That is something that Huawei actually pointed to itself when the phone first shipped, though any mention of the option has since been removed from the company’s website and Google itself has taken steps to stop the practice. It wouldn’t be something I could recommend anyone attempt as a serious option, in any case, since there are security risks involved and you can’t rely on updates. The lack of the Play Store on the Mate 30 Pro isn’t necessarily as bad as it sounds, but it should suffice to say that until the situation changes, you really shouldn’t buy a Huawei phone if you need Google services. Huawei is working on plugging the GMS gap. The company is building out its own software platform and tools for developers, collectively called Huawei Mobile Services, and it’s announced a partnership with TomTom to produce its own mapping app, which can’t come soon enough. The question, as with every platform that has attempted to take on Google in the past decade-plus, is whether developers will consider it worth their time to adapt their work for the new store. And if nobody is buying Huawei phones, the answer will probably be no.

The situation is unfortunate for Huawei, to say the least. The Mate 30 Pro would be one of the best phones I’d ever used if the software was there to back it up, but as it is, it’s impossible to recommend for use outside of China. It’s hard to imagine anyone’s phone hardware ever getting so mind- blowingly good that I’d consider spending north of $1,000 for something without a proper maps app. That’s what to watch for when the P40 series gets revealed tomorrow. My experience with the Mate 30 Pro leaves me in no doubt that Huawei’s next phones will be technically impressive, and I’m sure the company will spend a lot of time demonstrating as much. But if Huawei can’t convince people outside China that it’s been able to improve the software situation, the P40 phones might as well not exist.

101 https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/26/21194803/android-google-play-services-huawei-china

Outside China, Android isn’t Android without Google The tech story that made the biggest impact on me yesterday was Sam Byford’s “Living a Google-free life with a Huawei phone.” In the run up to the launch of Huawei’s new flagship P40 line, he got himself a Mate 30 Pro and used it to see what Android is like sans Google. This is, of course, something untold millions of people in China do every day, but outside China Huawei falls in a weird zone where it doesn’t have its local China services nor Google services. The result, as Sam writes, is weird. But what struck me the most is how essential Google Mobile Services (GMS) are to the functioning of every modern Android phone outside of China. You might already expect that not having Gmail, Chrome, and the Play Store would be annoying — but the fact that so many non-Google apps don’t work was a bit of a shock. GMS and Google Play Services have slowly grown to become essential parts of how an Android phone works. They’re how the web engine gets updated, they’re increasingly how the operating system itself gets updated (via Project Mainline), and they protect against malware — even for apps you don’t load from the official Google Play Store. They also offer lots of services to developers, and that’s the part that’s easy to forget. Google’s services offer push notifications, location, casting, ad support, and much more. Huawei has been building out its own services and store to deal with life away from Google, but the situation right now is that the Mate 30 Pro doesn’t even ship with a viable maps app. Android may be open source, but an Android phone doesn’t really operate without Google — at least outside of China. None of this is especially shocking or even nefarious, it’s just something that isn’t in your face every day. Other operating systems like Windows and iOS are equally tied up with the company that makes them, which is a point so obvious that pointing it out in the first place seems silly. But with Android, it’s worth remembering. We’ll have lots of coverage of Huawei’s new P40 series today, so look forward to that. For what it’s worth, Huawei has said it would come back to the US if it could, but that seems unlikely in the near future. Also, thanks to everybody who emailed me today with their thoughts on the iPad — I’ll try to reply personally to everybody but it’ll take a bit.

102 https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/31/21200183/huawei-2019-earnings-financial-results-us-trade-ban

Huawei says US trade ban is a ‘big difficulty’ to selling phones Huawei’s revenue grew by 19.1 percent last year to around $121 billion, but the company says those numbers would be far higher if the United States had not cracked down on its ability to do business. Due to a trade ban initially ordered last May, Huawei is unable to acquire US parts and software or sell its products in the US. That has cut the company out of an important market and hurt its ability to compete outside of China.

“The consumer business has been the major business for our growth,” said Vincent Pang, president of Huawei’s western Europe business, in a call with reporters to discuss the company’s 2019 financial results. He called 2019 a “big challenge” for the company.

“THAT GAVE US A QUITE A BIG DIFFICULTY.”

While Huawei never had a substantial presence with consumers in the US, the trade ban still hurts Huawei’s ability to compete abroad. It’s unable to buy new laptop processors from Intel, and flagship phones like the P40 and the Mate 30 Pro can’t offer Google’s apps or Google’s app store, making them nonstarters for many customers. “That gave us a quite a big difficulty” in growing smartphone sales, Pang said.

Though the trade ban has yet to go into full effect, it’s likely to remain an obstacle for the foreseeable future. The US government “is not willing to talk with us” about removing the trade ban, said Andy Purdy, Huawei’s chief security officer. “We hope at some point we can participate in those conversations.”

Huawei also said growth in enterprise businesses, like servers, which rely on Intel chips, and big data analysis, which relies on those servers, is hurt being hurt by the ban.

103 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-16/huawei-defies-u-s-ban-with-torrid-growth-in- smartphone-sales

Huawei Defies U.S. Ban With Strong Growth in Smartphone Sales Huawei Technologies Co.’s revenue jumped 24% in 2019’s first nine months, defying Trump administration sanctions to sustain growth in its pivotal smartphone business. China’s largest technology company reported revenue of 610.8 billion yuan ($86.1 billion) in the January to September period. Global smartphone shipments jumped 26% in the first three quarters to over 185 million units, helping safeguard its position as the world’s second largest name in mobile devices. China’s largest technology company managed to grow revenue despite curbs on the export of crucial American software and components, which executives had warned for months would severely crimp both its networking and smartphone businesses. Huawei has said it expects U.S. export restrictions to reduce annual revenue at its consumer devices business by about $10 billion, in part because Google can no longer supply Android updates and apps from Gmail to Maps for the Chinese company’s newest handsets. The company’s reported results -- which were unaudited -- suggest that those restrictions have yet to severely impair the business. Huawei, accused by Donald Trump’s administration of aiding Beijing in spying while spearheading China’s tech-superpower ambitions, is trying to claw back business and shore up trust in its products. Billionaire founder Ren Zhengfei has warned his tech empire faces a “live or die moment,” and mobilized thousands of staff to work around the clock devising alternatives to American technology. Some American giants, including Intel Corp. and Micron Technologies Inc., have said they’re found ways to resume supplying Huawei, a major boost for the Chinese company. Huawei Sales Growth Slumps as U.S. Sanctions Start to Bite Its phone shipments in 2019 suggest its lead in the Chinese market, the world’s largest, is offsetting weak sales abroad. Huawei shipped more than 206 million smartphones in 2018, according to research firm IDC. The company is betting on its home turf and upcoming holiday season to drive its smartphone sales for the rest of the year. It aims to take half of the smartphone market in China, Bloomberg News reported earlier. There are signs also that U.S. efforts to block Huawei from the development of 5G technology are flagging: Huawei said Wednesday it has signed more than 60 5G commercial contracts to date worldwide. A senior executive in India for the company said the government there had given “no negative feedback” on Huawei, while in Germany, one of the biggest European markets, the Merkel administration said Huawei’s equipment will not be excluded in future 5G procurement. Huawei’s biggest bet, however, remains in China, where state-owned carriers are ready to build their own 5G networks. It remains unclear whether prolonged sanctions will eventually rob Huawei of growth, something Ren himself has warned may happen. Huawei remains at the heart of U.S. tensions with China, a symbol of the Asian country’s rising technological might. Critics charge that intellectual property theft from the likes of Cisco Systems Inc. and Inc. helped Huawei vault into the upper echelons of telecommunications providers, though Ren and his executives credit years of investment and research. The wireless giant is now accelerating spending on artificial intelligence chips and mobile software. It’s mobilizing its employees to source or develop alternatives to American circuitry and software to keep its edge in smartphones and next- generation 5G wireless technology.

104 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-mobile-exclusive-idUSKBN20018H Exclusive: China's mobile giants to take on Google's Play store SHENZHEN, China (Reuters) - China’s Xiaomi (1810.HK), Huawei Technologies [HWT.UL], Oppo and Vivo are joining forces to create a platform for developers outside China to upload apps onto all of their app stores simultaneously, in a move analysts say is meant to challenge the dominance of Google’s Play store.

The four companies are ironing out kinks in what is known as the Global Developer Service Alliance (GDSA). The platform aims to make it easier for developers of games, music, movies and other apps to market their apps in overseas markets, according to people with knowledge of the matter. The GDSA was initially aiming to launch in March, sources said, although it is not clear how that will be affected by the recent coronavirus outbreak.

A prototype website says the platform will initially cover nine “regions” including India, Indonesia and Russia.

Oppo and Vivo are both owned by Chinese manufacturer BBK Electronics. Oppo, Vivo and Xiaomi confirmed they jointly developed the GDSA as a way to upload apps to their stores simultaneously. A Xiaomi spokesman said the alliance was not intended to challenge Google and denied Huawei’s involvement with it, but Oppo and Vivo made no mention of Huawei in their statements. Huawei declined to comment. Google, whose services are banned in China, earned about $8.8 billion globally from the Play store in 2019, said Katie Williams, an analyst at Sensor Tower. Google also sells content such as movies, books and apps on the Play store and collects a 30% commission. Google did not respond to a request for comment. “By forming this alliance each company will be looking to leverage the others’ advantages in different regions, with Xiaomi’s strong user base in India, Vivo and Oppo in Southeast Asia, and Huawei in Europe,” said Nicole Peng, the VP of Mobility at Canalys. “Secondly, it’s to start to build some more negotiation power against Google,” she added. Together the four companies made up 40.1% of global handset shipments in the fourth quarter of 2019, according to the consultancy IDC. While Oppo, Vivo and Xiaomi have full access to Google services in international markets, Huawei lost access for new devices last year after the United States barred American suppliers from selling goods and service to it, citing national security. Chinese vendors are trying to capture a greater share of software and services as hardware sales slow, said Will Wong, a smartphone analyst with IDC. “App store, pre-loading apps, advertisements and gaming are areas that could generate new revenue,” he said. Huawei is also moving away from Google by developing its own Harmony OS as an alternative. The GDSA’s website includes the logo of Wanka Online (1762.HK), a -listed Android “ecosystem” platform next to a contact for the GDSA’s General Secretariat. Wanka declined to confirm its involvement.

The GDSA might be able to lure some app developers by providing more exposure than the already crowded Play store, and the new platform could provide better monetary incentives, analysts said. “By making it simple for developers to increase their reach across multiple app stores, Huawei, Oppo, Vivo and Xiaomi stand to attract more developers and, ultimately, more apps,” said Williams. However, managing the alliance may be a challenge Peng said. “The execution is difficult as its hard to say which company is pulling more weight and investing more in it. We haven’t seen the alliance model work well in the past.”

105 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/13/technology/huawei-racketeering-wire-fraud.html

U.S. Charges Huawei With Racketeering, Adding Pressure on China The indictment is the Trump administration’s latest move in its fight against the Chinese tech giant, which it deems a security threat. WASHINGTON — The U.S. government has charged Huawei and two of its subsidiaries with federal racketeering and conspiracy to steal trade secrets from American companies, a significant escalation in the Trump administration’s legal fight with the Chinese telecommunications company. In a federal indictment unsealed on Thursday in the Eastern District of New York, the Department of Justice accused Huawei and its affiliates of a “pattern of racketeering activity” and said the companies had worked to steal trade secrets from six American firms. The stolen information included source code, as well as the manuals for wireless technology. The indictment did not identify the six companies, but a source familiar with the investigation — as well as court filings made in several civil lawsuits — indicated they were Cisco Systems, Motorola Solutions, , Quintel Technology, T-Mobile and CNEX Labs. “The new charges in this case relate to the alleged decades-long efforts by Huawei, and several of its subsidiaries, both in the U.S. and in the People’s Republic of China, to misappropriate intellectual property, including from six U.S. technology companies, in an effort to grow and operate Huawei’s business,” the Justice Department said in a news release. The charges add more weight to Washington’s pressure campaign against Huawei, which is already barred from buying many American products and is viewed by the Trump administration as a threat to national security. The escalation is also part of the administration’s attempt to crack down on what it says is a pattern of Chinese espionage and theft aimed at giving Beijing a technological edge. On Monday, four members of China’s military were charged with hacking into Equifax, one of the nation’s largest credit reporting agencies, and stealing trade secrets and the personal data of about 145 million Americans in 2017.

Also on Thursday, the Department of Commerce extended the temporary license that allows American companies to continue doing some business with Huawei. It will now expire in April. The new indictment goes beyond the Justice Department’s earlier allegations of trade-secret theft and sanctions violations. It applies a federal racketeering law that has historically been used to bring down mob leaders and gang kingpins and allows the government to file charges that would otherwise fall outside the statute of limitations. The criminal conspiracy that Huawei is accused of carrying out has been going on since at least 1999, according to the Justice Department.

Huawei officials argued that the latest charges were not new allegations and appeared to be part of a larger campaign against the company. It is confident that it will be exonerated in the criminal justice system, said Andy Purdy, the chief security officer for Huawei in the United States. He said the U.S. government was trying to hurt Huawei by pressuring allies not to use its equipment and was attempting to block American companies from selling parts to the Chinese firm. Both campaigns will ultimately hurt America, Mr. Purdy said, by eliminating jobs in the United States and reducing competition in the telecommunications industry. He said the U.S. government was engaged in a “campaign to carpet bomb Huawei out of existence,” adding: “It seems like the United States is not thinking about the significance of this.” Huawei has had legal disputes with several of the companies it is accused of stealing from. Cisco, a computer networking equipment maker in San Jose, Calif., sued Huawei in 2003, claiming the Chinese company infringed on numerous patents and illegally copied its software source code and documentation. The suit was dropped about a year later in exchange for a promise of product changes from Huawei. Quintel sued Huawei in 2015, claiming it had stolen its antenna technology. The litigation was settled in 2018. Motorola settled intellectual-property lawsuits with the Chinese company in 2011. T-Mobile was named in the earlier charges against Huawei, when prosecutors alleged that the manufacturer had tried to steal details about a robot, named Tappy, used by the wireless carrier.

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Last year, the Justice Department charged Huawei’s chief financial officer, Meng Wanzhou, with outlining a decade-long attempt by the company to steal trade secrets, obstruct a criminal investigation and evade economic sanctions on . Ms. Meng was also named in the Justice Department’s indictment on Thursday. Ms. Meng is in Canada, out of jail on bail of 10 million Canadian dollars, or $7.5 million, awaiting extradition to the United States. She is under 24-hour surveillance and must wear a GPS tracker on her ankle. , a leading extradition expert in Canada, said the new charges were unlikely to have much effect on Ms. Meng’s case in Canada since they were, in his view, “too little, too late.” The judge in that case has been deliberating on whether extradition would meet a fundamental requirement under Canadian law: that the crime Ms. Meng is accused of in the United States constitutes a crime in Canada. While racketeering is not a crime under Canadian law, Mr. Botting said Canada’s extradition treaty with the United States allowed aspects of racketeering to be legal grounds for an extradition. And Canadian prosecutors representing the United States could decide to add new charges. The White House has looked to ratchet up the pressure on Huawei for years, with members of Congress from both parties backing its efforts. The new charges may give more fodder to the company’s critics on Capitol Hill, who have been pushing to make sure Huawei has no role in the next generation of wireless networks, known as 5G. “The indictment paints a damning portrait of an illegitimate organization that lacks any regard for the law,” said the top lawmakers on the Senate Intelligence Committee, Richard M. Burr, Republican of North Carolina, and Mark Warner, Democrat of Virginia. Under the Trump administration, the Justice Department has focused on combating an array of threats that China poses to the United States and its allies in the West, including theft of trade secrets and espionage, as the country seeks to expand its sphere of economic and military power. Huawei, whose equipment powers telecom networks, sits squarely at the center of both of those concerns. Intelligence community analysts say Huawei can use its network equipment to monitor traffic across a network and potentially engage in unlawful surveillance. Mr. Purdy of Huawei pushed back against those claims, saying control of those mobile networks is firmly with the carriers that build and operate them. Huawei is also the leading supplier on every continent except for North America of equipment for 5G networks, which will underpin telecommunications and advanced technologies like self-driving cars. As countries around the world migrate their communications systems to 5G, and as more technology innovation is built on top of it, Huawei is in a position to gain a huge economic edge over U.S. tech giants, which have long been at the forefront of innovation and have lately powered the U.S. economy. Attorney General William P. Barr said in a speech last week that the Chinese government was using “every lever of power to expand its 5G market share” because it would gain ground in every technology that then touched 5G. “Our economic future is at stake,” Mr. Barr said in the speech, during a conference in Washington on threats that China poses to the United States. “The risk of losing the 5G struggle with China should vastly outweigh other considerations.” For years, American intelligence officials have tried to convince companies and governments around the world that Huawei’s equipment could give Beijing access to sensitive communications networks. But that global campaign has faltered, as countries like Britain and Saudi Arabia opt to use Huawei’s gear in their 5G networks. In January, Prime Minister Boris Johnson said Britain believed that any risk could be managed and that the company’s products could be used in a portion of Britain’s 5G network. Germany is said to be close to a decision on whether to allow the company to work on its network, as well. As its global campaign to bar Huawei has faltered, American officials have argued that the United States should take aggressive action to help the world develop an alternative to Huawei’s products. Mr. Barr, in his speech, argued that the United States should consider providing direct or indirect financial support to Nokia and Ericsson, two European companies that are the primary competitors to Huawei’s networking gear.

107 https://www.vox.com/technology/2018/12/11/18134440/huawei-executive-order-entity-list-china- trump

The US government’s battle with Chinese telecom giant Huawei, explained

The Trump administration is putting the squeeze on the Chinese telecommunications giant Huawei, but gradually — it’s adding more of Huawei’s subsidiaries to its trade blacklist, even as it’s delaying a ban on US companies doing business with Huawei. The decisions by the US government are, in part, the result of an escalating trade war between the US and China. But they also tie into longstanding concerns about potential spying by Huawei and other national security threats. In May, President Donald Trump issued an executive order barring US companies from using information and communications technology from anyone considered a national security threat and declared a national emergency on the matter. The move was widely viewed as being aimed at Huawei. The same day, the Commerce Department placed Huawei and 70 of its affiliates on its “Entity List,” which is basically a trade blacklist that bars anyone on it from buying parts and components from US companies without the government’s approval. In reaction, a number of US firms began to back away from their business with Huawei. But the Commerce Department has not brought down the hammer entirely. On Monday, Commerce Secretary said in an interview with the Fox Business Network that his department would allow for another 90-day reprieve and issue limited exemptions in an effort to minimize disruptions for some ongoing business until November. Namely, the department will allow Huawei to buy US-made goods in order to maintain existing telecommunications networks and provide software updates to its existing mobile phones. “We’re giving them a little more time to wean themselves off,” he said. The new deadline is around November 19. Also on Monday, the Commerce Department added 46 more Huawei affiliates to its “Entity List.” The delay is a bit of a surprise, because the president on Sunday suggested to reporters that it wouldn’t happen. And the US has become increasingly bold in striking out against Huawei. Late last year, Canadian authorities arrested Meng Wanzhou, Huawei’s chief financial officer and the daughter of its founder, at the request of the US Justice Department. In January, US federal prosecutors hit Wanzhou and Huawei with 23 indictments for a variety of alleged crimes, including bank and wire fraud, conspiracy to defraud the US, and stealing trade secrets. Wanzhou is fighting extradition to the US. To back up, a bit about Huawei: Founded in 1987 and headquartered in Shenzhen, Huawei is one of the biggest technology companies in China — think Google’s name recognition and Verizon’s major role in US telecommunications. It is the second-largest smartphone seller in the world, behind Samsung but ahead of Apple. Beyond consumer electronics, its business segments also include telecommunications networks, smart devices, and cloud services. But Huawei, which brought in more than $100 billion in revenue last year, isn’t your ordinary technology company — at least many officials and experts in the US and around the world don’t think so. For years, congressional committees, the FBI, the National Security Agency, and others have flagged close ties between Huawei and the Chinese Communist Party, and the US even banned the company from bidding on government contracts. At a Senate Intelligence Committee hearing in February 2018, top US intelligence chiefs said Huawei and another Chinese tech company, ZTE, posed potential national security risks to the US and warned American companies about doing business with them. “We’re deeply concerned about the risks of allowing any company or entity that is beholden to foreign governments that don’t share our values to gain positions of power inside our telecommunications networks that provides the capacity to exert pressure or control over our telecommunications infrastructure,” FBI Director Christopher Wray said in his testimony. “It provides the capacity to maliciously modify or steal information, and it provides the capacity to conduct undetected espionage.” In other words, officials are worried that Huawei will help the Chinese government spy on or attack the US.

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The United States is worried about what Huawei could potentially enable the Chinese government to do Huawei is the “emblem” of a variety of fears about China and its technological prowess packed into a single company, Scott Kennedy, deputy director of the Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, told me last year. And a lot of concerns about it aren’t necessarily tied to what it has done, but instead what it might do. US political and business leaders have long been anxious about Beijing’s high-tech drives, which are designed to help China surpass the West’s technological prowess — an area in which the United States definitely doesn’t want to be overtaken. Huawei is a research and development powerhouse: In 2018, the company said it would increase annual spending on R&D to $15 billion to $20 billion annually, and it has tens of thousands of patents in China and abroad. That’s played into questions about how much US market access to give Chinese companies amid concerns about intellectual property rights. These worries help animate Trump’s trade war, which, at least for his advisers, the US intelligence community, and the military, is about much more than the trade deficit he often laments. Intelligence officials caution about the national security implications of Chinese technology outpacing the US or being used for nefarious ends. In particular, officials are concerned that companies like Huawei might sell products compromised by “back doors” that allow Chinese government hackers access to data or surveillance. Alternatively, Huawei might turn over the data it has collected to the Chinese government, or the Chinese could somehow weaponize Huawei’s technology. “Since China has become more nationalistic, the possibilities that the US and China might end up in a tangle are higher,” Kennedy said. No one has yet found a back door in a Huawei product, Adam Segal, director of the Digital and Cyberspace Policy Program at the Council on Foreign Relations, noted. There’s been no “smoking gun.” But the risks surrounding Huawei increase with “fifth-generation” technology, or 5G, he explained. Huawei is one of many companies with a stake in the race to deploy the next generation of wireless technology, and is currently one of the major providers of products that enable super-fast 5G networks globally. The US has pressured allies to find alternatives, eyeing a future where ever more aspects of everyday life are connected to these networks, opening them up to surveillance and manipulation. “It’s going to involve so much data passing over the systems, and in particular, the concern would be more the Internet of Things and autonomous cars,” Segal said. The government has been sounding the alarm about Huawei for a while Concerns about Huawei are hardly new. Officials in the US and around the world have been keeping an eye on the company for quite some time. As Bloomberg’s Eli Lake explained, the worries about Huawei have historically stemmed from the fact that the company’s founder, Ren Zhengfei, was a technician for the People’s Liberation Army prior to founding Huawei — not to mention the tens of billions of dollars the Chinese government has invested in the company. Fears have been exacerbated in the wake of China’s passage of its National Intelligence Law and other cybersecurity laws in 2017, which, according to Lake, “compel corporations to assist in offensive intelligence operations” instead of just requiring them to cooperate with law enforcement on national security matters. In 2011, Huawei sent an open letter to the US government denying security concerns and requesting a thorough investigation from American officials, which it said would prove that Huawei is “a normal commercial institution and nothing more.” That’s what prompted the 2012 House Intelligence Committee report on Huawei and ZTE, though it didn’t produce the exoneration the company hoped for. The committee said that Huawei “did not fully cooperate with the investigation and was unwilling to explain its relationship with the Chinese government or Chinese Communist Party.” It concluded that the US “should view with suspicion the continued penetration of the US telecommunications market by Chinese telecommunications companies.” In 2014, the US banned Huawei from bidding on US government contracts, and in August, Trump signed a bill that would bar Huawei and ZTE from use by the US government and contractors. Last year, the Pentagon banned Huawei and ZTE phones from being sold at US military bases. In January 2018, AT&T backed out of a deal with Huawei to sell its smartphones in the US. And in March, the Federal Communications Commission proposed a rule that would stop US companies from

109 using money from its Universal Service Fund on equipment services from China. The FCC’s Universal Service Fund provides subsidies to boost phone, wireless, and broadband services to poor and rural communities. It’s not just the US that is sounding the alarms. Canada and the United Kingdom have expressed concerns about the risks associated with working with Huawei on 5G deployment. Japan banned Huawei and ZTE from official government contracts. This probably isn’t the end of the US-Huawei story The US has a lot of tools in its toolbox to potentially use against Huawei, and its latest moves demonstrate it is not unwilling to use them. But how far this will go is unclear. “The challenge is, there have been boundaries placed around business with Huawei and Chinese industry and high tech, but we’re now in an environment where it’s unclear where those boundaries are, and if they need to be redrawn,” Kennedy said. The Commerce Department’s trade blacklisting of Huawei is similar to its actions on ZTE, which it put a trade ban on in 2016. (Trump intervened last year to strike a deal and lift the ban.) Cutting off Huawei “would certainly have an effect, but not like it did for ZTE,” Segal said, because it’s not as dependent on US suppliers. But the tensions are unlikely to end soon.

110 https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/31/huawei-2019-results-us-blacklist-led-to-12-billion-revenue- shortfall.html

Huawei says US blacklisting led to $12 billion revenue shortfall in 2019 as profit growth slowed Huawei reported slowing profit growth in 2019 as the U.S. blacklisting the Chinese technology giant weighed on its business. Meanwhile, a top executive at the company told CNBC the impact from the coronavirus on its business is unclear. Revenue for last year totaled 858.8 billion yuan ($123 billion), a 19.1% year-on-year rise in yuan terms. Net profit came in at 62.7 billion yuan ($9 billion), marking a 5.65% rise from last year. That’s slower than the profit growth of 25% reported in 2018 and 28% in 2017. Eric Xu, rotating chairman at Huawei, told CNBC in an interview Tuesday that the company had missed its own targets. At the start of 2019, Huawei projected revenue of around 858.8 billion yuan or $123 billion, which it eventually ended the year with. But in April of last year, it was preparing to revise that target to $135 billion.

In May, however, the company was put on the U.S. Entity List, a blacklist that restricts American firms doing business with it. This included companies like Google which was no longer allowed to license its Android mobile operating system to the Chinese company. Xu blamed the blacklisting for the $12 billion shortfall. “We didn’t meet our revised targets, which was the $135 billion mark. We were short by $12 billion. This was the results of the U.S. sanctions,” Xu said Tuesday, according to a CNBC translation of his comments in Mandarin.

“We had to deal with the challenges around the supply continuity and we had to address the supply challenges in the short term, so as to supply certain products to our customers. And we also had to increase our R&D (research and development) investment,” Xu added, speaking about why the net profit growth slowed. This was according to a translation provided by Huawei. Huawei faced a tough year in 2019 as the U.S. continued its campaign to try to get the company blocked from 5G rollout around the world. Next-generation mobile networks known as 5G promise super-fast data speeds and the ability to underpin future technologies like driverless cars. Washington has maintained that Huawei represents a national security risk arguing that its networking technology could be used by China for espionage. Huawei has repeatedly denied the allegations.

Consumer weakness after Google block A large part of Huawei’s revenue shortfall occurred in the consumer division which accounted for over 54% of the company’s total sales in 2019. It overtook Huawei’s core networking equipment business to become the biggest division in 2018. “It is the consumer business of Huawei that was hurt the most,” Xu said. The unit, which includes smartphones and laptops, brought in revenue of 467.3 billion yuan or $66.93 billion in 2019. That was $10 billion less than Huawei was targeting. “We look at the consumer business, if everything goes on without being disrupted last year, the revenue from the consumer business would at least be $10 billion U.S. dollars more than the numbers we actually achieved,” he added.

He attributed this again to the effects of the U.S. blacklisting which meant licensed Google apps couldn’t be on its smartphones. That’s not a big deal in China where Google services are banned and Chinese consumers have alternatives. But in international markets, Huawei sells its phones with Google’s Android operating system which includes apps such as Gmail or Google Maps. Huawei has now launched two flagship smartphones without licensed Google Android — the Mate 30 last year and P40 earlier this month.

The Chinese technology giant still managed to become the world’s second-largest smartphone maker by market share in 2019, overtaking Apple, mainly by doubling down on its efforts in China. “China contributed to roughly three in five smartphones sold for Huawei globally in 2019 and this is about to rise further in 2020,” Neil Shah, research director at Counterpoint Research, told CNBC.

111 https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/31/huawei-wants-to-put-google-apps-in-its-own-app-store-after- android-block.html

Huawei wants to put Google apps in its own app store after US blacklisting blocks access to Android

Huawei hopes Google apps and services will be available through its own app store — a new idea for the company looking to attract users to its latest handsets without the licensed Android operating system.

Last year, Huawei was put on a U.S. blacklist known as the Entity List, which restricted American firms from doing business with the Chinese telecommunications company. Google was forced to stop licensing its Android mobile operating system to Huawei.

Two flagship smartphones — the Mate 30 and P40 — were released without licensed Google apps. That means that services such as Gmail or Google Maps were not pre-installed on the device. This is not a big deal for Huawei in China where Google services are blocked and consumers don’t really use them. But in international markets, Huawei users have been using a fully licensed version on Android. The blacklisting caused a $10 billion shortfall in revenue in Huawei’s consumer division in 2019, Eric Xu, Huawei’s rotating chairman, told CNBC on Tuesday.

Huawei launched its own operating system called HarmonyOS last year which it said can work across multiple devices such as TVs and smartphones. But it has yet to put that operating system on any of its own handsets. Instead, the recently launched P40 is using a so-called open source version of Android which is loaded with the Huawei AppGallery, the company’s own app store. It does not have the Google Play Store on it. There are very few major apps in Huawei’s store and notable names like Facebook and Instagram are absent. Since the blacklisting last May, Huawei has maintained that it would still like to use Google and all of its services on its smartphones. But with the future unclear, Xu has suggested a different strategy. “We hope Google services can be available through our AppGallery, just like how Google services are available through Apple’s App Store,” he said in Mandarin, according to CNBC’s translation of his comments. Google apps are available through Apple’s App Store even though its devices run a different operating system. Google was not immediately available for comment when contacted by CNBC. The suggestion from Xu is one that would allow Huawei’s users outside of China to get access to the apps they have come to rely on without the Chinese firm having to run an entire licensed version of Android. It’s a new idea from the company, one which analysts said could be crucial if Huawei is to find further success overseas. “I’ve always argued that even if Huawei could get most major developers onto its AppGallery in the upcoming years, there is still one critical developer whose apps would be missing: Google,” Bryan Ma, vice president of devices research at IDC, told CNBC. “So if Huawei is really able to get Google on board, then it would be a significant milestone.”

112 https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/23/huawei-our-own-operating-system-could-be-ready-this-year.html

Huawei says its own operating system could be ready this year if it can’t use Google or Microsoft Huawei could have its own operating system for smartphones and laptops ready for use in China by fall this year, the head of the company’s consumer division told CNBC. Still, he stressed that would only happen if the company were completely stopped from using Google’s and Microsoft’s software. The Chinese technology giant was placed on a U.S. blacklist that required American firms to get permission from the government before selling anything to Huawei. That meant Huawei would no longer be able to license the version of Google’s Android operating system that’s complete with all of the U.S. firm’s services. However, Washington granted a temporary 90-day reprieve for Huawei, which will allow it to continue using American technology — for now.

Huawei has said in the past that it has its own operating system waiting in the wings if it were to be permanently blocked from Google and Microsoft software. Now, one of the company’s top executives has told CNBC that the operating system could be ready by the fourth quarter of this year, with a version for its markets outside of China available in either the first or second quarter of 2020. “Today, Huawei, we are still committed to and Google Android. But if we cannot use that, Huawei will prepare the plan B to use our own OS,” Richard Yu, CEO of Huawei’s consumer business, told CNBC on Thursday. If Huawei isn’t allowed to use Android, it could be damaging because the phones won’t have the Google Play Store where consumers can download apps. Instead, users would need to find other ways to install their favorite applications. However, Yu said Huawei’s own app store, known as the App Gallery, would be available on its own operating system. The App Gallery is installed on Huawei’s devices currently, but Google’s Play Store is often the default app store for consumers. The Huawei executive stressed that Huawei’s own operating system would only be rolled out if the company were permanently blocked from using Google or Microsoft products. “We don’t want to do this but we will forced to do that because of the U.S. government. I think the U.S., this kind of thing, will also not only be bad news for us, but also bad news for the U.S. companies because we support the U.S. business, so we will be forced to do this on our own,” Yu said. “We don’t want to do this but we have no other solution, no other choice.”

Challenges There are several challenges that could face Hauwei’s own operating system. Firstly, Huawei will need to make its own software have a user experience that can match Google and have the “versatility of collection of apps,” according to Neil Shah, a research director, at Counterpoint Research. Secondly, making apps secure will be key. “Ensuring security of apps is paramount which involves scanning and certification of apps for the store which is a humongous task and could be challenging and resource intensive. The last thing Huawei would want is privacy or security issues plaguing the offering,” Shah told CNBC.

Huawei is also facing issues related to securing critical components. SoftBank-owned semiconductor firm Arm said on Wednesday that it was suspending business with Huawei. Arm creates the basis for Huawei’s own processor in its smartphones called the Kirin 980. So when Huawei talks about its own chips, they are built on Arm architecture and many are actually manufactured by Taiwanese firm TSMC. The processor in a phone needs to work closely with the operating system in a device. If the OS is dependent on working with Arm architecture and Huawei gets blocked from using the company’s designs, that could make the software unusable. “If they can’t manufacture their own ARM-based chipsets having an OS doesn’t matter. So not losing access to ARM IP (intellectual property) would be important as a first step,” Shah said.

113 https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/09/huawei-launches-its-own-operating-system-hongmengos-or- .html

Huawei launches new operating system, says it can ‘immediately’ switch from Google Android if needed Huawei’s operating system will be called the HongmengOS, known in English as the HarmonyOS, said the CEO of the Chinese tech giant’s consumer division, Richard Yu, on Friday. Yu said the operating system can be used across different devices from smartphones to smart speakers and even sensors. It’s part of Huawei’s play in the so-called Internet of Things, which refers to devices connected to the internet.

DONGGUAN, China — Huawei has launched its own operating system — the HongmengOS, known in English as the HarmonyOS, said the CEO of the Chinese tech giant’s consumer division, Richard Yu, on Friday. Speaking at the Huawei Developer Conference in the Chinese city of , Yu said the operating system can be used across different devices from smartphones to smart speakers and even sensors. It’s part of Huawei’s play in the so-called Internet of Things, which refers to devices connected to the internet. HarmonyOS will first be used on “smart screen products,” such as televisions, later this year. Over the next three years, the operating system will be used in other devices, including wearables and car head units. Huawei said the OS will initially launch in China with plans to expand it globally, Yu said. The United States placed Huawei on a blacklist — or the so-called Entity List — in May, which essentially restricts some U.S. companies from selling their products to the Chinese tech giant. Senator Marsha Blackburn explains why she thinks Huawei is a security risk Following that move, Google said it suspended business activity with Huawei. But days later, the U.S. government eased some of those restrictions, and allowed Google to work with Huawei for 90 days. That timeline is almost up. The Chinese telecom equipment maker has previously acknowledged publicly that it had its own operating system in the works. Yu said the situation in regards to whether they can use Android is still “unclear” but that existing products that have been sold with Google’s OS won’t be affected by any ban. “We are waiting on an update,” Yu said during a press conference after the launch.

How HarmonyOS works HarmonyOS is open-source, which means that other device-makers could theoretically use its operating system. Making it open-source could help the OS increase its scale and attract more developers to make apps for it. Having a large number of useful apps is important for any OS to be successful. Yu said that “many” device makers “have strong interest” in using this OS, but declined to name them. He said he thinks today’s operating systems — including Android and Apple’s iOS — don’t cater for the huge number of different devices that will be connected to the internet. If we cannot use it (Android) in the future, we can immediately switch to HarmonyOS.

Richard Yu CEO OF HUAWEI’S CONSUMER DIVISION The aim of HarmonyOS is to create a single software that will work across devices, from smartphones and laptops that have a large amount of memory and power, down to smaller hardware such as sensors, that require a lower bandwidth solution. In this way, Huawei hopes apps can work across numerous devices. That could ultimately help its business, as the company sells products from smart speakers to smartphones. Being able to control the experience across hardware and software could ultimately help Huawei create differentiated products. It’s a recipe that has helped rival Apple find success.

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‘Convenient’ to migrate to HarmonyOS Yu told CNBC in May that the company’s own OS could be ready for smartphones and laptops by the end of the year in China, and by mid year in 2020 for international markets. At the time, Yu stressed that the OS would only be used for smartphones and laptops if Huawei could not get access to Google’s Android or Microsoft’s Windows operating systems. What is Huawei? Google’s services are effectively blocked in China. So Huawei uses a modified version of Android in its domestic market that is stripped of Google apps. That means not having access to Google in China isn’t that a big problem for China. However, if Huawei were to get banned from being able to use Android internationally, analysts said this could hurt the Chines firm’s smartphone business abroad. Yu reiterated that Huawei would prefer to use Android on its smartphones, but if it had to migrate to HarmonyOS, that would not be difficult. He said moving to the new OS would only take one or two days and it is “very convenient.” “If we cannot use it (Android) in the future, we can immediately switch to HarmonyOS,” Yu said. Neil Shah, analyst at Counterpoint Research, said the operating system is a “big opportunity” for Huawei in China to create a “unified platform” across various devices. However, its success in smartphones will rely heavily on whether it can get developer support. Shah said that Google services are “still more robust and sticky, which is missing here for Huawei to be adopted.” “So Huawei has the shop laid out nicely but needs better goods and services inside the shop to attract users, sell, and make them buy again and again,” Shah told CNBC.

115 https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/15/huawei-has-built-its-own-operating-system-for-smartphones- laptops.html

Huawei built software for smartphones and laptops in case it can’t use Microsoft or Google Huawei built its own operating system for smartphones and laptops — to be used in case it’s forced to stop using Google and Microsoft products. On Monday, it was reported that Google — which makes the Android operating system that Huawei uses in its handsets — has suspended the transfer of hardware, software or technical services to Huawei except what’s available via open source. Huawei has faced intense political pressure from the U.S. around its networking equipment, but its consumer business has been largely protected from the negative headlines

Huawei has built its own operating system for smartphones and computers in case it’s blocked from using U.S. software from Microsoft and Google, the Chinese company confirmed to CNBC on Friday. On Monday, it was reported that Google — which makes the Android operating system that Huawei uses in its handsets — has suspended the transfer of hardware, software or technical services to Huawei except what’s available via open source. In addition to using the Android mobile operating system for handsets, Huawei uses Microsoft Windows for its laptops and tablets. Richard Yu, the CEO of Huawei’s consumer division, told German publication Die Welt in a recent interview, that the company has a back-up operating system, in case it’s blocked from using U.S.- made software. “We have prepared our own operating system. Should it ever happen that we can no longer use these systems, we would be prepared,” Yu said, according to a translation of the original German text. “That’s our plan B. But of course we prefer to work with the ecosystems of Google and Microsoft.” Why the US thinks Huawei is a massive national security threat Yu’s comments were confirmed to CNBC by a Huawei spokesperson on Friday who said the back-up systems would only be used in “extenuating circumstances” and were “there for basic business continuity in a worst-case scenario.” “We don’t expect to use them and to be honest, we don’t want to use them. We fully support our partners’ operating systems — we love using them and our customers love using them,” the spokesperson said. Those “extenuating circumstances” could be a nod toward the troubles rival Chinese firm ZTE faced last year. The U.S. government banned American firms from selling parts and software to ZTE because the Chinese company violated sanctions on Iran and North Korea. Its ability to use Google’s Android was under threat, Reuters reported at the time. In other regards, though, Huawei has been trying to wean itself off of American technology. The company has made a big play in semiconductors and now designs its own chips for its smartphones. However, some its laptops still use American components from companies like Intel. A new operating system (OS) could make problems for Huawei, particularly if it’s forced to stop using Microsoft and Google software outside China. Within its home market, the Chinese government already blocks Google services, including the Play Store. But internationally, Google’s app store is available. “For Huawei, almost half of its smartphone sales come from China. So 50 percent of the business is anyways secured as Google mobile services — the Play Store is non-existent in China,” Neil Shah, research director at Counterpoint Research, told CNBC on Friday. “However, having no access to Google Android and Play Store could affect the other half of the business quite a bit in the near-to- mid-term.”

“What Huawei has up its sleeves as an Android and Play Store alternative is not proven, though it could have a capability of running third-party Android app stores which could alleviate some concerns from the developers and apps perspective,” Shah added. “However, users which are fully immersed into Google services might give ... Huawei’s own OS a pass initially until (it has been) proven to run services and a user experience as good as Google’s.”

116 https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/20/google-stops-some-business-with-huawei-could-hit-its-global- smartphone-ambitions.html

Google cuts ties with Huawei. That may be a ‘kill switch’ for the Chinese firm’s global smartphone ambition Google has suspended business activity with Huawei that involves the transfer of hardware, software and key technical services. That means Huawei will not be able to license the Android operating system complete with Google services and will instead have to use an open-source version. Analysts said that could cause big problems for the company internationally, where nearly half of its smartphone shipments go. Other Huawei suppliers, including Qualcomm and Intel, reportedly told employees they will not sell to the Chinese firm until further notice. Chip stocks fall after Google restricts business with Huawei — Six experts on what’s next Google’s move to stop licensing its Android mobile operating system to Huawei could deal a huge blow to the Chinese tech giant’s ambitions to become the top player in smartphones globally. The U.S. tech conglomerate has suspended business activity with Huawei that involves the transfer of hardware, software and key technical services. Google made the move in order to comply with Washington’s decision to put Huawei on the so-called Entity List, meaning American firms need to get a license to sell products to the Chinese firm. It means Huawei can no longer license Google’s proprietary Android operating system and other services that it offers. Instead, Huawei is now only able to use a public version of Google’s operating system through the Android Open Source Project. It means future Huawei phones will not have the Google services that users have come to expect on Android devices. “We are complying with the order and reviewing the implications,” a Google spokesperson said Monday. “For users of our services, Google Play and the security protections from Google Play Protect will continue to function on existing Huawei devices.” What is Huawei? A Huawei spokesperson told CNBC that the company is “evaluating the possible impact of this U.S. government action on consumers.” “Huawei has made substantial contributions to the development and growth of Android around the world. As one of Android’s key global partners, we have worked closely with their open-source platform to develop an ecosystem that has benefitted both users and the industry,” the spokesperson said. “Huawei will continue to provide security updates and after sales services to all existing Huawei and Honor smartphone and tablet products covering those have been sold or still in stock globally. We will continue to build a safe and sustainable software ecosystem, in order to provide the best experience for all users globally.” It’s a huge blow to the Chinese firm, which relies heavily on Android for the smartphones it sells outside of China. Within China, the company uses a modified version of Android that doesn’t have Google apps preinstalled because the search giant’s services are blocked there. But in markets outside of China, Huawei’s smartphones run Android complete with Google apps. Just over 49%, of Huawei’s smartphone shipments in the first quarter of 2019 were to international markets outside of mainland China, according to Canalys. Huawei was the second-largest smartphone maker by global market share in the first quarter. The company has previously laid out its ambitions to become the top player in smartphones by 2020. But the latest move by Google could put a dent in that. “It will be like an instant kill switch for Huawei’s ambition to overtake Samsung in the global market,” Nicole Peng, vice president of mobility at Canalys, told CNBC by phone on Monday. is a massive national security threat Huawei relies on key components from several other American suppliers for everything from smartphones to its networking equipment. It counts over 30 American firms among its core suppliers. Some of those suppliers, including Qualcomm and Intel, have told employees they will not sell to Huawei until further notice, according to a Bloomberg report on Monday.

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Is Huawei prepared? Huawei says it has been preparing for the sort of situation it now faces. In March, the company said that it had developed its own operating system for its consumer products if there came a time it was not able to use Google’s or Microsoft’s. And just last week, the Nikkei Asian Review reported that Huawei told some suppliers six months ago that it wanted to build up a year’s worth of crucial components to prepare for any issues related to the U.S.-China trade war. Huawei has been developing its own chip technology, as well. While Huawei has been able to reduce its reliance on American suppliers for some components, experts said that might not be enough because it still needs other parts from U.S. firms. And analysts have also cast doubt on the viability of Huawei’s own operating system. Neil Shah, a research director at Counterpoint Research, said Huawei will have to rely on third-party Android app stores outside of China because Google Play will not be installed by default. That could be a problem. “This makes a clear disadvantage for Huawei’s own (operating system) vs the Android (operating system) shipped on Samsung or other phones firstly in terms of lack of all the apps available on the Google Play store, quality of apps (some might be dated), potentially less secure as they will not be screened by Google or follows Google’s monthly secure patches and overall user-experience of the store,” Shah said. “So all the apps from US players will not be available out of the box and users will have to sideload it or Huawei will have to make it available via third party or own branded Android compatible app store which is going to be a humongous task for Huawei,” he added.

118 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-huawei-tech-alphabet-exclusive/exclusive-google-suspends- some-business-with-huawei-after-trump-blacklist-source-idUSKCN1SP0NB Exclusive: Google suspends some business with Huawei after Trump blacklist - source NEW YORK (Reuters) - Alphabet Inc’s Google has suspended business with Huawei that requires the transfer of hardware, software and technical services except those publicly available via open source licensing, a source familiar with the matter told Reuters on Sunday, in a blow to the Chinese technology company that the U.S. government has sought to blacklist around the world. Holders of current Huawei smartphones with Google apps, however, will continue to be able to use and download app updates provided by Google, a Google spokesperson said, confirming earlier reporting by Reuters. “We are complying with the order and reviewing the implications,” the Google spokesperson said.

“For users of our services, Google Play and the security protections from Google Play Protect will continue to function on existing Huawei devices,” the spokesperson said, without giving further details. The suspension could hobble Huawei’s smartphone business outside China as the tech giant will immediately lose access to updates to Google’s Android operating system. Future versions of Huawei smartphones that run on Android will also lose access to popular services, including the Google Play Store and Gmail and YouTube apps. “Huawei will only be able to use the public version of Android and will not be able to get access to proprietary apps and services from Google,” the source said. The Trump administration on Thursday added Huawei Technologies Co Ltd to a trade blacklist, immediately enacting restrictions that will make it extremely difficult for the company to do business with U.S. counterparts. On Friday, the U.S. Commerce Department said it was considering scaling back restrictions on Huawei to “prevent the interruption of existing network operations and equipment”. It was not immediately clear on Sunday whether Huawei’s access to mobile software would be affected. The extent to which Huawei will be hurt by the U.S. government’s blacklist is not yet known as its global supply chain assesses the impact. Chip experts have questioned Huawei’s ability to continue to operate without help from the United States. Details of the specific services affected by the suspension were still being discussed internally at Google, according to the source. Huawei attorneys are also studying the impact of the blacklist, a Huawei spokesman said on Friday.

Huawei was not immediately reachable for further comment. Chipmakers including Intel Corp, Qualcomm Inc, Xilinx Inc and Broadcom Inc have told their employees they will not supply critical software and components to Huawei until further notice, Bloomberg reported bloom.bg/2VLT5QK late on Sunday, citing people familiar with the matter. Intel, Qualcomm, Xilinx and Broadcom did not immediately respond to requests for comments on the Bloomberg report. Representatives of the U.S. Commerce Department did not immediately comment. POPULAR APPS Huawei will continue to have access to the version of the Android operating system available through the open source license, known as Android Open Source Project (AOSP), that is available for free to anyone who wishes to use it. There are about 2.5 billion active Android devices worldwide, according to Google. However, Google will stop providing Huawei with access, technical support and collaboration involving its proprietary apps and services going forward, the source said. Huawei has said it has spent the last few years preparing a contingency plan by developing its own technology in case it is blocked from using Android. Some of this technology is already being used in products sold in China, the company has said.

In an interview with Reuters in March, Eric Xu, rotating chairman of Huawei, struck a defiant note in anticipation of retaliatory actions by U.S. companies. “No matter what happens, the Android

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Community does not have any legal right to block any company from accessing its open-source license,” he said. Popular Google apps such as Gmail, YouTube and the Chrome browser that are available through Google’s Play Store will disappear from future Huawei handsets as those services are not covered by the open source license and require a commercial agreement with Google. But users of existing Huawei devices who have access to the Google Play Store will still be able to download app updates provided by Google. Apps such as Gmail are updated through the store, unlike operating system updates which are typically handled by phone manufacturers and telecoms carriers, which the blacklist could affect, the source said. The impact is expected to be minimal in the Chinese market. Most Google mobile apps are banned in China, where alternatives are offered by domestic competitors such as Tencent and Baidu. In Beijing, foreign ministry spokesman Lu Kang said the ministry had noticed the report and would look into it and pay attention to developments. “At the same time, China supports Chinese companies to use legal weapons to defend their legitimate rights,” he added, but did not elaborate. Huawei’s European business, its second-biggest market, could be hit as Huawei licenses these services from Google in Europe. “Having those apps is critical for smartphone makers to stay competitive in regions like Europe,” said Geoff Blaber, vice president of research, CCS Insight.

120 https://www.theverge.com/2020/2/6/21126118/huawei-xiaomi-vivo-oppo-app-store-platform- google-play-dominance-worldwide China’s smartphone giants reportedly unite to challenge Google’s Play Store A new platform could let developers upload to all of their stores at once Huawei, Xiaomi, and BBK’s Oppo and Vivo are working together on a platform that will allow developers outside of China to upload their apps to all of the respective app stores simultaneously, Reuters reports. The manufacturers have joined together under the Global Developer Service Alliance (GDSA) in what appears to be an attempt to challenge the international dominance of Google’s Play Store.

Since the Google Play Store is banned in China, Android users have grown accustomed to downloading apps from a variety of different app stores, many of which are maintained by manufacturers like Huawei and Oppo. But outside of China, the Google Play Store reigns supreme, providing a convenient single location where developers can upload their software. This near- monopoly means that third-party app stores have struggled with developer support internationally, and it’s this advantage that could be challenged by the GDSA’s platform.

EACH MANUFACTURER OPERATES ITS OWN APP STORE IN CHINA GDSA’s prototype website notes that its services are planned for nine countries and regions, including India, Indonesia, Russia, and Malaysia. Reuters notes that the companies are strong in different regions, such as Xiaomi in India or Huawei in Europe. But together, they control over 40 percent of worldwide smartphone shipments as of the fourth quarter of last year. The new platform would make it easier for developers to upload their apps to every store at once while ensuring some degree of parity across app stores. The Play Store’s international dominance is a much more acute problem for Huawei, which lost its license to offer Google’s apps and services last year, including the Google Play Store. This was such a problem that Huawei decided against officially releasing its last flagship, the Mate 30, internationally. The company has also announced it’s working on its own operating system called Harmony OS, and it says it’s investing $1 billion to fund the development, user growth, and marketing of Huawei Mobile Services, its alternative to Google’s services. The Play Store provides a significant revenue stream for Google, which takes a 30 percent cut of any sales made through the store. In total, it’s thought to have made the company around $8.8 billion worldwide last year, according to one analyst quoted by Reuters. China’s phone makers want a slice of that pie as handset sales slow globally. Reuters reports that a March launch was planned for the new platform, but this may have been delayed due to the coronavirus outbreak.

121 https://www.xda-developers.com/hungama-launches-appgallery-huawei-honor-online-streaming- platform-choice-india/ Hungama launches on AppGallery as Huawei and Honor’s online streaming platform of choice for India

Huawei’s app distribution platform AppGallery has now on-boarded India-based streaming service Hungama as the streaming platform of choice for Huawei and Honor smartphones in the country. For the unaware, Hungama offers both music and video streaming services in India as part of its Hungama Music and Hungama Play apps, respectively. Thanks to the partnership, Huawei and Honor smartphone users in the country will now be able to enjoy unlimited music and video streaming by downloading the respective apps from Huawei’s AppGallery.

The partnership will give users access to Hungama Music’s vast library of over 10 million songs and music videos in over 20 Indian and international languages. Additionally, on Hungama Play, users will gain access to over 5000 movies in , English and other regional languages, over 1500 short films, original shows, over 7500 hours of kids and TV content, and over 150,000 short-format videos across various genres like music, film gossip, humor, spiritual, and more.

In a statement regarding the partnership, Charles Peng, President of Honor and Huawei India Consumer Business Group, said, “We are delighted to team up with Hungama and foray into a liaison which offers a perfect amalgamation of technology, entertainment and exceptional experience to the users of Huawei & HONOR. Huawei AppGallery has been growing at an unprecedented pace with 400 million active users present over 170 countries. We have always valued native collaborations across our business operations and look forward to strengthen our developer base to create a holistic mobile ecosystem. This association is a step forward to further strengthen our efforts to build a smarter future and provide innovative app experience to our users.”

Commenting on the partnership, Siddhartha Roy, COO of Hungama Digital Media said, “Our understanding of India’s digital landscape and its consumers has allowed us to create the most engaging music and video streaming services in the country – Hungama Music and Hungama Play. In addition to offering a diverse library, we have always paid emphasis on building a robust distribution network. We are glad to partner with Huawei and offer our apps on the Huawei App Gallery to users in over 170 countries. We are certain that Huawei & HONOR device users will appreciate our apps for their wide library and intuitive interface. Huawei’s engineering and business teams were extremely helpful and we look forward to working closely with them in the future as well to build more such experiences.”

In case you own a Huawei or Honor device, you can now head over to the AppGallery on your smartphone and download Hungama Music and Hungama Play to start streaming your favorite music and movies right away. It’s also worth noting that Huawei isn’t the first company to partner with Hungama to offer music and video streaming services on its devices. Xiaomi’s Mi Music and Mi Video services, which were launched in India back in 2018, are also powered by Hungama Music and Hungama Play, respectively.

122 https://www.xda-developers.com/here-wego-maps-and-navigation-huawei-appgallery-available/

HERE WeGo maps and navigation is now available on the Huawei AppGallery It’s almost a year since the U.S. Government placed specific restrictions on Huawei, preventing it from engaging commercially with any U.S.-based company. A grave and perhaps the most damaging consequence of this was that Google had to revoke Huawei’s license to use Android. Therefore, new Huawei and Honor phones or tablets are shipped without GMS (Google Mobile Services) and cannot run Google apps like Search, Maps, Gmail, etc. and most importantly – the Google Play Store. Huawei now offers AppGallery as an alternative to the Google Play Store and although the number of apps on the former is relatively much smaller, new vendors are joining at a steady and assuring rate. Now, Huawei has added HERE WeGo maps to the AppGallery as a viable alternative to Google Maps. If the name “HERE WeGo” rings a bell but you can’t really recall, here’s a refresher. HERE Maps was released on the Windows Phone platform back in 2012 after a rebranding from Nokia Maps, which itself was a rebranding of Maps. Nokia first introduced the OVI Maps service as a beta for S60v3 and 5 platforms in 2007 while the first stable version was launched in May 2008 as a service bundled with Nokia phones. The same year, Google also released the first commercial Android device along with Google Maps as an included service. However, HERE has a much older legacy than Google Maps. Owned by Nokia since 2007, HERE was the amalgamation of 1985-born GIS provider and a German start-up Gate5, which originally developed a navigation software called “smart2go.” was born at Nokia as Nokia HERE.

The past decade was very eventful for Nokia and other major events sidetracked its focus on HERE. In the meantime, the dwindling share of Windows Mobile inspired the company to launch mobile apps for both Android and iOS. And that’s how the HERE WeGo app for Android came into existence in 2014. In 2015, HERE was sold off to a consortium of carmakers including , Daimler, BMW for in-car navigation and others joined the clique of investors in the years to come. So, it’s clear that HERE WeGo isn’t really a new app and has a large number of years of experience up its sleeve. With NAVTEQ’s acumen in GIS and the years of experience at Nokia and with several automakers allowed the company to forge a collection of “three-dimensional maps that grow upwards, breathing with layers of information and insights.” It has also devoted a great share of its energy to autonomous driving. Google’s monopoly over the smartphone operating system segment has allowed it to ship Google Maps as the default navigation app on Android devices. More importantly, HERE is a company that specializes in navigation services. Hence, the new venture between Huawei and HERE WeGO could translate to good fortune for not just the two companies but also users who want to buy Huawei phones but cannot due to the uncertainty about reliable services like Google Maps.

123 https://m.gsmarena.com/appgallery_review_can_new_huawei_and_honor_phones_work_without_ google-news-41973.php AppGallery review: Can new Huawei and Honor phones work without Google? Introduction Huawei lost access to Google Mobile Services (GMS) in May of last year, but that hasn’t stopped the company from launching new devices. To ensure its phones have an uninterrupted supply of apps, the company is now pushing its own app store - called Huawei AppGallery. Huawei has announced it has a new strategy in place to put the AppGallery on the mobile app store map. The company has been pretty aggressive in bringing in developers, going as far as offering perks like 100% revenue share. Huawei will also be focusing on getting local apps on board for its key markets instead of the big names and we can see how this can pay off. With the launches of midrange phones like the Huawei P40 Lite (Nova 7i) and the Honor 9X Pro, consumer on all markets outside of China will now have access to affordable Google-less phones, and the severity of the limitations imposed by the lack of GMS may be an important consideration for many. So we decided to take a look at how life is without GMS and how easy it is to get your favorite Messaging, Social, Video and Audio streaming and Maps apps to work.

How do you get apps on a Google-less phone? Our first impression was that things are definitely looking up compared to our previous look at this. Spotify is already available, as is TikTok, so you won’t lack entertainment. There’s a great selection of navigation apps, be it in-car navigation or for using public transport, you can even call a Lyft or an Uber just fine. The Productivity section is well-stocked too. Where the Huawei AppGallery is still rather lacking is in the messaging and video streaming categories. But since Huawei doesn’t insist that you use AppGallery, the Amazon Appstore is welcome on the platform, so that will help fill in any gaps. For this test, we first tried using AppGallery to source as many apps from our list as possible. Next, we resorted to the Amazon Appstore which was our second source of apps when we couldn't find something on the AppGallery. Those two stores are trustworthy, and we were sure than any app we installed from there would work properly without GMS. If you insist on simply having your set of favorite apps on the phone and not much else, you can directly transfer them from your old phone. Huawei recommends that you use Huawei’s own Phone Clone app. It will transfer most of your apps and your old phone doesn't have to be a Huawei phone. Google apps can't be transferred, of course, as well as some mobile banking apps, but most applications can be carried over to your new phone just fine. While Phone Clone works okay the first time you set up the device, we can’t expect the average user to install an app on their old phone and transfer it every time they want to try something new or when they'd like to update an installed app.

So this is where our third app repository comes in. APKPure will allow you to keep up-to-date all the apps that Phone Clone has transferred and that's an important consideration. Not only that, but you can also download new apps from APKPure - ones that you can't find on the AppGallery or the Amazon AppStore. The apps on APKPure, however, are not verified to work without the Google Services Framework installed on the phone so it will take some experimenting on what works and what doesn't. Finally, if you are really after a particular app that can't be found on any of these places - the App Gallery, Amazon AppStore, APKPure, or on your old phone, you can just look for the APK installation file online. Some devs offer their apps for direct download on their website or you can find the app on any of the online APK download repositories. But again, you'd have to download manually all future versions to keep the app up-to-date and you can never be sure whether someone hasn't modified the APK you are downloading to include some malicious code.

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Update 15 April: Huawei has introduced a new app aimed at helping you find apps across several app repositories. It's called AppSearch and it's an meta app search engine. It's still in beta so it's not even available in all regions but you can find a download link on this dedicated page set up by Huawei Germany. In its current form, it lets you browse through categories and sort apps by popularity. Huawei has also prepared lists of popular apps tailored to individual countries. Say you can't find Discord in the AppGallery. AppSearch will find it on the Amazon App Store and offer a link to that. The app itself has no direct download buttons, which adds an extra step in the process, but also gives you a piece of minid - you don't have to wonder where the APK is coming from like you do with APK Pure. Also, you get recommendations for similar apps (other messaging apps in this example), so you can explore the possibilities. You can download AppSearch through the AppGallery if you reside in any of the supported regions.

The situation with the most popular apps We felt it was important to keep things simple so that our findings are relevant to the average consumer. So we aren’t going to dive into custom ROMs or sideloading Google Services or installing any tweaked apps. Also, we only relied on the official apps for stuff such as social networks as sharing login info with third-party clients is never a good idea. So let’s see how easy (or hard) it is to find and install the most popular apps on our test Huawei phone and how well they work after they are installed. Social networks AppGallery: TikTok is available, of course, and offers short bursts of entertainment. Surprisingly, we also found Pinterest inside the AppGallery, so you can continue discovering cool new things. However, while you can always use the websites of other social networks, we preferred apps (they handle things like notifications better than the web versions). Amazon Appstore: Facebook and Amazon seem to get along. The Facebook app and its lite version are both available, as is Instagram.

APKPure: Twitter installed and worked correctly. Also, Helo and ShareChat (which are popular in India) worked without any issues. However, Snapchat refused to launch without GMS. P.S. The Facebook APK is available for direct download from Facebook's website, too. Productivity AppGallery: Microsoft Office is available, which is usually all you need for handling work documents. There's also WPS Office if you want an alternative. OneNote is available to help you organize. Amazon Appstore: OneDrive and Dropbox weren't available in the AppGallery, but you can download them from Amazon if you need a system to sync files with your PC. Evernote is also available if you use that instead of OneNote. APKPure: We didn't find a password manager on our preferred stores, but you can find 1Password on APKPure. Maps and GPS navigation AppGallery: 'Here Maps' has always been one of the best free navigation apps (ever since the Navteq days). It offers free voice-guided navigation and you can easily download maps for offline use. There is also Sygic but is not available. Uber and Lyft work just fine if you want to hail a ride, Moovit will guide you through public transport just fine, too. We think this is one of the most complete categories. If you're okay with non-Google navigation, there are plenty of options.

Conclusion Life without GMS is possible, but you'll be better off installing the Amazon Appstore as soon as you set up your new Huawei phone. It plugged several major holes in messaging, social and entertainment and it’s an app store we’d trust even with paid software.

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Phone Clone is a great option if you want to hit the ground running. The AppGallery will make sure to keep updated those apps that are available there, whereas APKPure can take care of the rest. Of course, APKPure has its limitations, too, because it only handles free apps but that's okay. The bigger issue that will be impossible to overcome for the average user is that some apps just won’t work - these are the ones that are based off Google services such as GMaps. There are alternative apps to pretty much everything, of course, but if that’s not possible for you (e.g. you have existing subscriptions), then there is not a lot you can do. More knowledgeable users might be able to get around that dependency on the Google services but that would require even more tinkering. You can look into the microG Project - the XDA-approved open-source framework for getting apps designed for Google Play Services to run on phones that don't have them. But this goes beyond the scope of this review as it's unlikely that the average user will go that route. So to wrap things up, AppGallery is still quite new - it's not even been a year since the trade war started. The poor app selection was one of the things that sunk Windows Phone, but Huawei is determined to avoid that destiny. There is still a long way to go before we can recommend a Huawei or Honor device without asking "well, can you live without App X?", but for those of you who know what you're getting into - yes, it is possible to live without GMS. However, this also means that Huawei phones in the foreseeable future will be attractive either to power users who won't mind juggling several sources of apps or to basic users who simply wouldn't care about the somewhat limited app selection. So the company's smartphone strategy should probably be adjusted accordingly, at least until the situation changes.

126 https://www.xda-developers.com/huawei-music-offering-3-months-free-trial-new-subscribers-europe/ Huawei Music is offering 3-months of free trial for new subscribers in Europe

The music streaming industry has been on a steady rise, as more and more users pledge their allegiance and money to the streaming service that serves them the best. But there is always room for improvement, and always room for a competitor to shake things up. If the existing options of music services are not up to your taste and you want to switch things up and try something new, check out Huawei Music — Huawei’s music streaming app and platform.

Huawei Music was recently launched in Europe as a means of providing a reliable streaming option to EMUI users. The app is available to download from the Huawei AppGallery. Prior to its European launch, the service was already being used by 16 Million users every month, who are enjoying the wide repertoire of advertisement-free music available on the app. There are more than 50 Million tracks and 1.2 Million albums available through the app, which is equivalent to 300 years of non-stop music, so needless to say there is something in there for every user. Now, Huawei Music is available in 16 European countries, and there are plans to expand in further regions of Europe.

Music selection includes offerings from Warner Music, Sony Music, and Universal Music, so the latest, greatest and most popular hits are always at your fingertips. The app has been designed to work seamlessly with all Huawei products, including smartphones, tablets, audio products, and even some watch products, so you get the convenience of one app across the entire product ecosystem, instead of paying for and familiarizing yourself with different apps for different product ecosystems.

The focus within Huawei Music isn’t just about providing content, but also surfacing it well and increasing its consumption value to the end-users. There are personalized playlists to take away from the effort of creating a playlist from users who dislike doing so, as well as themed playlists that are attuned to their contextual mood. There are also daily recommendations, allowing users to discover new releases every day. Further, users can also use the in-built Party Mode to pair up other Huawei smartphones and play the same track simultaneously to increase volume and to experience a richer surround sound system.

127 https://www.xda-developers.com/huawei-appsearch-download-popular-apps-without-google-play- store/amp/ Huawei tests “AppSearch” to help users download popular apps without using the Google Play Store

Because the U.S. Commerce Department placed Huawei on the Entity List last year, Huawei cannot sign new Mobile Application Distribution Agreements (MADAs) with Google, which prevents Huawei from distributing new mobile devices with Google Mobile Services (GMS). This means that all new Huawei smartphones and tablets, at least ones that aren’t rebranded models of existing, already-certified devices, can’t ship with Google apps on board. This is problematic for Huawei because the vast majority of Android applications are distributed through the Google Play Store, so Huawei has had to beef up the catalog of apps in its own AppGallery app store. However, there are still many popular Android apps that aren’t available on AppGallery, which has forced users to install other app stores like Amazon or or download APK files from hosting sites like APKMirror. In order to make it easier for users to download popular applications without having to download additional app stores or sideload APKs from different websites, Huawei is developing an app called “AppSearch.” The app is currently being tested in Germany, and the APK is publicly accessible on the German website for the Huawei AppGallery. (The website’s name, “zukunftsversprechen,” roughly translates to “promise of the future,” which Huawei has used to market its commitment to its devices following the U.S. trade ban.) The landing page for AppSearch states that the app is intended to help users install their favorite apps on Huawei smartphones equipped with Huawei Mobile Services. Huawei lists Facebook and WhatsApp as examples of applications that can be downloaded by searching in AppSearch, and the description lists the “Mate30 series, P40 series, and Mate Xs” as examples of devices that this app is intended to be used on. XDA Contributor Max Weinbach sideloaded the application on his Huawei Mate 30 Pro to share the following screenshots. As you can see, AppSearch (in German: “AppSuche”) provides an easy way for users to find popular apps like WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Telegram, and much more, all in one place. The app lets you sort the list by popularity, alphabetically, or by categories. You can tap on an app to view a description and where it can be downloaded from. Note that AppSearch doesn’t actually provide direct downloads to any applications. In fact, the disclaimer in the app states that “[AppSearch] assists users to find popular Apps by consolidating multiple downloading sources. All the content accessible through [AppSearch] is provided by third parties. The content is the sole responsibility of the entity that makes it available.”

We find that AppSearch directs users to download apps from the following sources: Amazon App Store APKMirror APKMonk APKPure Huawei AppGallery Official website of the app (if one exists)

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