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Plan National D'actions 2021 Plan national d’actions 2021 - 2030 En faveur du Vautour moine Aegypius monachus Table des matières Résumé........................................................................................................................................4 Summary .....................................................................................................................................5 Resumen......................................................................................................................................6 I- BILAN DES CONNAISSANCES ET DES MOYENS UTILISABLES ............ 8 I.1 DESCRIPTION DE L’ESPECE ET STATUT DE CONSERVATION ................................................ 9 I.1.1. Description sommaire .............................................................................................. 9 I.1.2. Systématique .......................................................................................................... 9 I.1.3. Phylogénétique ....................................................................................................... 9 I.1.4. Statut de protection et de conservation en France et en Europe .............................. 10 I.2.0. BIOLOGIE ET ECOLOGIE DE L’ESPECE .............................................................................. 11 I.2.1. Reproduction ........................................................................................................ 11 I.2.2. Habitat.................................................................................................................. 13 I.2.3. Une espèce semi-coloniale ..................................................................................... 18 I.2.4. Utilisation de l’espace : déplacements et domaines vitaux ....................................... 19 I.2.5. Le régime alimentaire ............................................................................................ 23 I.2.6. Relations interspécifiques ...................................................................................... 26 I.2.7. Démographie et dynamique de la population .......................................................... 30 I.2.8. Structure de la population (âge et sex-ratio)............................................................ 33 I.3. REPARTITION ET TENDANCES EVOLUTIVES ..................................................................... 35 I.3.1 Répartition de l’espèce dans le monde ....................................................................... 35 I.3.2 Répartition historique en France ................................................................................ 37 I.3.3 Les réintroductions et techniques de lâchers .............................................................. 39 I.3.4 Répartition de la population reproductrice française ................................................... 42 I.3.5 Taille et évolution de la population française .............................................................. 43 I.3.6 Evolution de la population en Espagne ....................................................................... 46 I.3.7 Evolution de la population au Portugal ....................................................................... 47 I.3.8 Evolution de la population dans les Balkans ................................................................ 48 I.3.9 Evolution de la population en Italie ............................................................................ 48 I.4 INFORMATIONS RELATIVES AUX SITES EXPLOITES PAR L’ESPECE ...................................... 48 I.5 INFORMATIONS RELATIVES À L’ÉTAT DE CONSERVATION DE L’ESPÈCE ............................. 50 I.6 MENACES ET FACTEURS LIMITANTS ............................................................................... 55 I.6.1 Les causes d’échecs de reproduction .......................................................................... 55 I.6.2 Les causes de mortalité et de morbidité...................................................................... 61 1 PLAN NATIONAL D’ACTION 2021-2030 EN FAVEUR DU VAUTOUR MOINE I.6.3 Les causes de mortalité en France .............................................................................. 67 I.6.4 Hiérarchisation des menaces...................................................................................... 68 I.8. ASPECT ECONOMIQUE .................................................................................................. 69 I.9. ASPECT CULTUREL ........................................................................................................ 72 I.10. RECENSEMENT DE L’EXPERTISE MOBILISABLE EN FRANCE OU A L’ETRANGER ................... 72 I.11. RECENSEMENT DES CONNAISSANCES ET RESSOURCES EXISTANTES ................................. 74 I.11.1 Connaissance et ressources existantes .................................................................... 74 I.11.2 Connaissances à développer................................................................................... 76 II- BESOIN ET ENJEUX DE CONSERVATION. STRATEGIE A LONG TERME78 II.1 RECAPITULATIF HIERARCHISE DES BESOINS OPTIMAUX DE L’ESPECE................................ 78 II.2 STRATEGIE DE CONSERVATION A LONG TERME .............................................................. 78 II.2.1. Poursuivre l’acquisition des connaissances.............................................................. 78 II.2.2. Diversifier les ressources alimentaires .................................................................... 80 II.2.3. Limiter la morbidité et la mortalité ......................................................................... 81 II.2.4. Préserver l’habitat de reproduction ........................................................................ 85 II.2.5. Renforcer la population nationale........................................................................... 86 II.2.6. Partager pour impliquer et sensibiliser un maximum d’acteurs................................. 87 III- STRATEGIE POUR LA DUREE DU PLAN ET ELEMENTS DE MISE EN ŒUVRE. ..................................................................................................... 90 III.1. DUREE DU PLAN ........................................................................................................... 90 III.2. OBJECTIFS SPECIFIQUES ................................................................................................ 90 III.3. GOUVERNANCE DU PNA VM.......................................................................................... 90 III.3.1. La Direction de l'eau et de la biodiversité (DEB) du ministère de l'écologie .................... 90 III.3.2. Les autres directions d’administrations centrales concernées par le Plan....................... 91 III.3.3. La DREAL coordinatrice du Plan ................................................................................... 91 III.3.4. L'opérateur national du Plan ....................................................................................... 91 III.3.5. Les opérateurs régionaux du Plan................................................................................ 92 III.3.6. Les représentants scientifiques au comité de pilotage .................................................. 92 III.3.7. Les DREAL associées (dont le territoire est occupé par l'espèce).................................... 92 III.3.8. Les autres services déconcentrés ................................................................................ 93 III.3.9. Les collectivités territoriales et établissements de coopération intercommunale ........... 93 III.3.10. Les établissements publics et autres partenaires scientifiques et techniques ............... 93 III.3.11. Les associations de protection de la nature et le réseau des bénévoles........................ 93 III.3.12. Les socioprofessionnels ............................................................................................ 93 III.3.13. Le comité de pilotage national du PNA ...................................................................... 93 III.4 Suivi et évaluation du plan ................................................................................................. 95 2 PLAN NATIONAL D’ACTION 2021-2030 EN FAVEUR DU VAUTOUR MOINE III.4.1. Bilans intermédiaires .................................................................................................. 95 III.4.2. Bilan à mi-parcours et en fin de plan ........................................................................... 95 III.5. ACTIONS A METTRE EN ŒUVRE ......................................................................................... 95 III.5.1. Liste récapitulative des fiches-actions.......................................................................... 95 III.5.2. Les fiches-actions ....................................................................................................... 98 IV-INDEX ET ANNEXES ........................................................................... 152 IV.1 Lexique des abréviations.................................................................................................. 152 IV.2 Liste des figures .............................................................................................................. 153 IV.3 Bibliographie................................................................................................................... 155 3 PLAN NATIONAL D’ACTION 2021-2030 EN FAVEUR DU VAUTOUR MOINE Résumé Le Vautour moine est un rapace nécrophage, le seul vautour à nicher sur des arbres en Europe. Alors qu’il était largement
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