Curriculum Vitae: David M. Klaus
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A Quantitative Human Spacecraft Design Evaluation Model For
A QUANTITATIVE HUMAN SPACECRAFT DESIGN EVALUATION MODEL FOR ASSESSING CREW ACCOMMODATION AND UTILIZATION by CHRISTINE FANCHIANG B.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007 M.S., University of Colorado Boulder, 2010 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences 2017 i This thesis entitled: A Quantitative Human Spacecraft Design Evaluation Model for Assessing Crew Accommodation and Utilization written by Christine Fanchiang has been approved for the Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences Dr. David M. Klaus Dr. Jessica J. Marquez Dr. Nisar R. Ahmed Dr. Daniel J. Szafir Dr. Jennifer A. Mindock Dr. James A. Nabity Date: 13 March 2017 The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. ii Fanchiang, Christine (Ph.D., Aerospace Engineering Sciences) A Quantitative Human Spacecraft Design Evaluation Model for Assessing Crew Accommodation and Utilization Thesis directed by Professor David M. Klaus Crew performance, including both accommodation and utilization factors, is an integral part of every human spaceflight mission from commercial space tourism, to the demanding journey to Mars and beyond. Spacecraft were historically built by engineers and technologists trying to adapt the vehicle into cutting edge rocketry with the assumption that the astronauts could be trained and will adapt to the design. By and large, that is still the current state of the art. It is recognized, however, that poor human-machine design integration can lead to catastrophic and deadly mishaps. -
Asen 5016 Space Life Sciences
January 15, 2019 ASEN 5016 SPACE LIFE SCIENCES Spring 2019 Tues/Thurs 2:0-3:15 pm ECCS 1B28 Instructor: Dr. David Klaus telephone: (303) 492-3525 email: [email protected] This course is intended to familiarize engineering students with factors affecting living organisms (ranging from single cells to humans) in the reduced-gravity and increased radiation environment of space flight, including orbital, lunar and Martian surface conditions. Unique insight will be gained regarding engineering design requirements for spacecraft habitats, life support systems and spacesuits, as well as space biology payloads. Life support needs, as they relate to basic human survival requirements, are covered initially. Next, the lectures turn to more detailed descriptions of the physiological adaptations that occur to people in space, with pertinent background information presented for each topic. Corresponding biomedical countermeasures used to maintain crew health for long duration missions will also be discussed. Finally, the underlying biophysical mechanisms affected by gravity, along with experiment design criteria, will be addressed. Current events within NASA’s research and exploration mission programs and the emerging commercial human space flight sector are reflected throughout the lecture topics. To further elaborate on the lecture material discussed in class, a series of integrated homework tasks provides a practical introduction to the process of journal article publishing and research proposal writing, including the anonymous peer review process used for each. The assignment involves writing a short journal article on an approved topic of your choice, your participation as a peer reviewer for the editor, revising your draft per the review comments you receive back, and resubmitting a final manuscript with a corresponding summary of changes made. -
Space Colonies & Lunar Bases
Space Colonies & Why Build Colonies? Lunar Bases ! It isn’t so expensive – US military is many 100’s of billions $ a year ! Fewer casualties than war – 17 astronauts in 45 years of space Karen J. Meech, flight were lost Astronomer ! Humans have an “expansionist” spirit – Much more real estate! ! Valuable resources could be brought to Earth. Institute for Astronomy ! Enough solar energy to rid the world of oil dependency could be brought to Earth for less than the cost of the Iraq war ! Profitable: e.g. 1 Metallic NEO $20 trillion, 3He as a fuel . ! Maybe the time has not yet come, but someday we will need what space can provide Space Habitat Design Shielding – Radiation Protection Considerations ! Shielding characterization ! Aereal density, d [gm/cm2] ! Physiological Needs ! Total amount of material matters ! Shielding ! Type of material: secondary ! Ionizing radiation & particles 3 2 ! Meteoritic impact ! 1 Earth Atmosphere: 10 gm/cm ! Atmospheric containment ! ! = mass / volume ! What pressure needed? ! ! = mass / (area ! thickness) ! Psychological Needs ! What mix of gasses? ! ! = m/(ax) = d / x ! Environment stress ! Gravitational acceleration ! x = thickness = d / ! ! Isolation ! Why it is needed 3 ! Personal space ! How to do it Substance ! [gm/cm ] d / !" x [cm] x [m] ! Illumination / Energy 3 ! Entertainment Lead 8 10 /8 125 1.25 ! ! Aesthetics Food / Water Styrofoam 0.01 103/10-2 105 103 ! Space Requirements Water 1 103/1 103 10 Shielding Types – Active Shielding Types – Passive ! Enough matter between us & radiation ! Examples -
Project Selene: AIAA Lunar Base Camp
Project Selene: AIAA Lunar Base Camp AIAA Space Mission System 2019-2020 Virginia Tech Aerospace Engineering Faculty Advisor : Dr. Kevin Shinpaugh Team Members : Olivia Arthur, Bobby Aselford, Michel Becker, Patrick Crandall, Heidi Engebreth, Maedini Jayaprakash, Logan Lark, Nico Ortiz, Matthew Pieczynski, Brendan Ventura Member AIAA Number Member AIAA Number And Signature And Signature Faculty Advisor 25807 Dr. Kevin Shinpaugh Brendan Ventura 1109196 Matthew Pieczynski 936900 Team Lead/Operations Logan Lark 902106 Heidi Engebreth 1109232 Structures & Environment Patrick Crandall 1109193 Olivia Arthur 999589 Power & Thermal Maedini Jayaprakash 1085663 Robert Aselford 1109195 CCDH/Operations Michel Becker 1109194 Nico Ortiz 1109533 Attitude, Trajectory, Orbits and Launch Vehicles Contents 1 Symbols and Acronyms 8 2 Executive Summary 9 3 Preface and Introduction 13 3.1 Project Management . 13 3.2 Problem Definition . 14 3.2.1 Background and Motivation . 14 3.2.2 RFP and Description . 14 3.2.3 Project Scope . 15 3.2.4 Disciplines . 15 3.2.5 Societal Sectors . 15 3.2.6 Assumptions . 16 3.2.7 Relevant Capital and Resources . 16 4 Value System Design 17 4.1 Introduction . 17 4.2 Analytical Hierarchical Process . 17 4.2.1 Longevity . 18 4.2.2 Expandability . 19 4.2.3 Scientific Return . 19 4.2.4 Risk . 20 4.2.5 Cost . 21 5 Initial Concept of Operations 21 5.1 Orbital Analysis . 22 5.2 Launch Vehicles . 22 6 Habitat Location 25 6.1 Introduction . 25 6.2 Region Selection . 25 6.3 Locations of Interest . 26 6.4 Eliminated Locations . 26 6.5 Remaining Locations . 27 6.6 Chosen Location . -
MRA Leadership
2 MRA Leadership President Neil Van Dyke Stowe Mountain Rescue [email protected] July 2010 MRA Member Guides NASA On Undersea Exploration Analog Vice President Mission …………………………………………………………….3 About Steve Chappell……………………………………………...4 Doug Wesson A Letter From Our New President…………………………………4 Juneau Mountain Rescue Suspension Syndrome…………………………..………………….5 [email protected] Commentary from MRA Medical Committee Chair Skeet Glatterer, M.D……………………………………………………...5 Five Colorado SAR Teams Receive Prestigious NASAR Award…6 Past President 2010 MRA Spring Conference Report……………………………..7 Charley Shimanski Book Review: Mountain Responder……………………………….8 [email protected] International Tech Rescue Symposium…………………………….8 Himalayan First: Standby Rescue Helicopters……………………..9 Don‘t Just Do Something—Stand There!.......................................10 National Search and Rescue Week Designated…………………..11 Secretary/Treasurer John Chang Cover photo by NASA. Bay Area Mountain Rescue Unit [email protected] MRA Sponsors At-Large Member Jim Frank Thanks to the corporate supporters of the MRA. Please support Santa Barbara County SAR those that generously support us! Click the logo to follow the [email protected] link! At-Large Member Dave Clarke Portland Mountain Rescue Cell: 503-784-6341 [email protected] Executive Secretary Kayley Trujillo [email protected] Corporate correspondence to: Mountain Rescue Association PO Box 880868 San Diego, CA 92168-0868 ©2010 Mountain Rescue Association All rights reserved. All content ©MRA or as otherwise noted. Permission to reprint granted to MRA units in good standing with the MRA. 3 MRA Member Guides NASA On Undersea Exploration Analog Mission Parts reprinted with permission from NASA From May 10 - 24, 2010, two astronauts, a veteran undersea engineer and an experienced scientist embarked on the 14th NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) undersea analog mission at the Aquarius undersea labora- tory. -
History of Human Space Exploration and Habitat Design
EVALUATION AND AUTOMATION OF SPACE HABITAT INTERIOR LAYOUTS A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty by Matthew Simon In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology May 2016 Copyright 2015 U.S. Government, as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. No copyright is claimed in the United States under Title 17, U.S.C. All other rights reserved i EVALUATION AND AUTOMATION OF HABITAT INTERIOR LAYOUTS Approved by: Dr. Alan W. Wilhite, Chairman Dr. Jesse Hester School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Tech Research Institute Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Marianne R. Bobskill Dr. Brian German Space Mission Analysis Branch School of Aerospace Engineering NASA Langley Research Center Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Daniel P. Schrage School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: November 15, 2015 This document is dedicated to my family who provided constant support and encouragement throughout the many years of my education, and to Nate who taught me the meaning of life. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge and thank the following persons for their advice and participation in the preparation of this thesis: Dr. Alan Wilhite Dr. Marianne Bobskill Larry Toups Dr. Robert Howard Kriss Kennedy Dr. Dale Arney iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................................... -
Lunar Programs
LUNAR PROGRAMS NASA is leading a sustainable return to the Moon Aerospace is partnered with NASA to with commercial and international partners to return humans to the Moon in every expand human presence in space and gather phase and journey, including the: new knowledge and opportunities. In 2017, Space › Planning and supporting the Policy Directive-1 called for a renewed emphasis on first lifecycle review of the commercial and international partnerships, return Gateway Initiative of humans to the Moon for long-term exploration and utilization followed by human missions to Mars. › Design, systems engineering and Aerospace is partnered with NASA in this endeavor integration, and operational concepts and is involved in every phase and journey. of the EVA system Artist’s conception of a gateway habitat. Image credit: NASA Humans must return to the moon for long-term › Ground testing of the NEXTStep deep exploration and utilization of deep space, but lunar space habitat module prototypes exploration is more than a stepping stone to Mars missions. The phased plan includes › Design and test of the Orion sending missions to the moon and cislunar space for exploration and study, and the capsule avionics construction of the Deep Space Gateway, a space station intended to orbit the moon. Aerospace provides support to these missions in areas such as systems engineering and integration, program management, and various subsystem expertise. Current Lunar Programs GATEWAY INITIATIVE NASA’s Gateway is conceived to be an exploration and science outpost in orbit around the moon that will enable human crewed missions to both cislunar space and the moon’s surface, meet scientific discovery and exploration objectives, and demonstrate and prove enabling technologies through commercial and international partnerships. -
Natural Design Habitat on the Moon Lunar Zen Garden
NATURAL DESIGN HABITAT ON THE MOON (SCHLACHT) - LUNAR ZEN GARDEN (ONO) Natural Design Habitat on the Moon Irene Lia Schlacht Lunar Zen Garden Ayako Ono 9th ILEWG International Conference on Exploration and Utilization of the Moon (ICEUM9-ILC2007) 22-26 October, 2007, Sorrento, Italy NATURAL DESIGN HABITAT ON THE MOON (SCHLACHT) - LUNAR ZEN GARDEN (ONO) From the research group: Extreme - Design www.Extreme-Design.eu Ma.Des. Irene Schlacht [email protected] (Technische Universität Berlin) Ma. ArtAyako Ono [email protected] (Artist in Residence atSA) (SpaceLand) www.Extreme-Design.eu NATURAL DESIGN HABITAT ON THE MOON (SCHLACHT) - LUNAR ZEN GARDEN (ONO) CONTENT - Space Habitability - Natural Design - Variation and Variability - Lunar Zen Garden - Conclusion NATURAL DESIGN HABITAT ON THE MOON (SCHLACHT) - LUNAR ZEN GARDEN (ONO) Space Habitability NATURAL DESIGN HABITAT ON THE MOON (SCHLACHT) - LUNAR ZEN GARDEN (ONO) Space Habitability Space habitats are completely artificial ecosystems created to allow humans to survive in the outer space environment with a maximum of self- sufficiency. NATURAL DESIGN HABITAT ON THE MOON (SCHLACHT) - LUNAR ZEN GARDEN (ONO) Space Habitability The User Needs have to be considered 10 astronauts Evaluation 13 people working in the space habitat projects Need Not space stimuli quiet familiarity order privacy Interview of 23 subjects realized between 2005 -07 (Schlacht, Thales Alenia Space) NATURAL DESIGN HABITAT ON THE MOON (SCHLACHT) - LUNAR ZEN GARDEN (ONO) Space Habitability Difference of gravity, absence of natural terrestrial stimuli, isolation in a limited space, radiation, etc. modify psycho-physiological factors such as human biorhythm and sensory perception. Factors that have to be consider (Robinson et al. -
Quarterly Newsletter
National Space Biomedical Research Institute Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nulla lectus mi, sodales ac, consectetuer sed, luctus sit amet, risus. Mauris tempusSociety quam sit amet mi. Mauris of sagittis Fellows augue nec augue. Fusce ipsum. Quarterly Newsletter Information for First Award Fellows Winter 2015 Cool Research Corner Measuring Intracranial Pressure aboard the Weightless Wonder VI Justin Lawley, Ph.D. 2013 NSBRI First Award Fellow In August of 2014, NSBRI investigators took to the sky in order to help identify the reason for visual impairments in astronauts. The current working hypothesis is that microgravity causes pressure inside the brain to increase, which causes deformation of the optic globe and thus changes in vision. To answer this question, Dr. Benjamin Levine of the Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at UTSouthwestern Medical Center and his First Award Fellow, Dr. Justin Lawley, performed experiments onboard NASA’s C-9 aircraft (Weightless Wonder VI). Continued on Page 4 Thoughts from the Top: Interview with Dr. Jeffrey Sutton ……………… 2 2014 Summer Bioastronautics Institute Recap …………………………… 5 In This Issue: Fellow Spotlights: Allison Anderson and Julia Raykin ………………….. 7 Space Fun: Orion EFT-1 Quiz ……………………………………………. 10 Thoughts from the Top Interview of Dr. Jeffrey Sutton by 2013 NSBRI First Award Fellow Torin Clark, Ph.D. QN: Students and postdocs always wonder what the CEO does. Describe your “average day” at work. Dr. Sutton: The CEO is responsible for leading the development and execution of NSBRI’s strategy, in accord with our NASA cooperative agreement and to the benefit of all stakeholders. As CEO, I have daily management decisions, oversee the implementation of our plans, and am authorized to move funds, including those from the lead consortium institution (Baylor College of Medicine) to >60 recipient institutions in support of our science, technology, career development, and outreach programs. -
Habitation Module 26 July 2016 – NASA Advisory Council, Human Exploration and Operations Committee
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Habitation Module 26 July 2016 – NASA Advisory Council, Human Exploration and Operations Committee Jason Crusan | Advanced Exploration Systems Director | NASA Headquarters 2 Human Exploration of Mars Is Hard Common Capability Needs Identified from Multiple Studies Days Reliable In-Space 800-1,100 44 min Transportation Total me crew is Maximum two- away from Earth – way communicaon for orbit missions all in 2me delay – 300 KW Micro-g and Radia2on Autonomous Opera2ons Total connuous transportaon power 130 t Heavy-LiA Mass 20-30 t Long Surface Stay Multiple Ability to 500 Days Launches per land large mission payloads Surface Operations Dust Toxicity and 100 km 11.2 km/s Long Range Explora2on Earth Entry Speed 20 t Oxygen produced for ascent to orbit - ISRU 3 The Habitation Development Challenge HABITATATION CAPABILITY Days 800-1,100 Habitation Systems – Total me crew is AES/ISS/STMD away from Earth – • Environmental Control & Life Support for orbit missions all in • Autonomous Systems Micro-g and Radia2on Integrated • EVA testing on ISS • Fire Safety • Radiation Protection Habitation Systems - Crew Health – HRP Long Surface Stay • Human Research 500 Days • Human Performance • Exercise PROVING GROUND Validation in cislunar space • Nutrition Habitation Capability– NextSTEP BAA / Int. Partners • Studies and ground prototypes of pressurized volumes 4 Specific Habitation Systems Objectives TODAY FUTURE Habitation The systems, tools, and protec:ons that allow Systems Elements humans to live and work -
Human Adaptation to Space
Human Adaptation to Space From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Human physiological adaptation to the conditions of space is a challenge faced in the development of human spaceflight. The fundamental engineering problems of escaping Earth's gravity well and developing systems for in space propulsion have been examined for well over a century, and millions of man-hours of research have been spent on them. In recent years there has been an increase in research into the issue of how humans can actually stay in space and will actually survive and work in space for long periods of time. This question requires input from the whole gamut of physical and biological sciences and has now become the greatest challenge, other than funding, to human space exploration. A fundamental step in overcoming this challenge is trying to understand the effects and the impact long space travel has on the human body. Contents [hide] 1 Importance 2 Public perception 3 Effects on humans o 3.1 Unprotected effects 4 Protected effects o 4.1 Gravity receptors o 4.2 Fluids o 4.3 Weight bearing structures o 4.4 Effects of radiation o 4.5 Sense of taste o 4.6 Other physical effects 5 Psychological effects 6 Future prospects 7 See also 8 References 9 Sources Importance Space colonization efforts must take into account the effects of space on the body The sum of mankind's experience has resulted in the accumulation of 58 solar years in space and a much better understanding of how the human body adapts. However, in the future, industrialization of space and exploration of inner and outer planets will require humans to endure longer and longer periods in space. -
Space Medicine Association 2011 Executive Committee Ballot
Space Medicine Association 2011 Executive Committee Ballot Candidates President Elect (1 vote): 1. Kaz Shimada 2. Vernon McDonald Treasurer (1 vote): 1. Serena Aunon 2. Shannan Moynihan 3. Yael Barr Members at Large (2 votes): 1. Michelle Christgen 2. Steve Vanderark 3. Tara Castleberry 4. Frederick Bonato 5. Azhar Rafiq Please see the short biographies on the next pages To cast your vote, please reply to this email or send an email to: [email protected] with the names of your selected candidates. President Elect Position Kazuhito Shimada, M.D., Ph.D. Dr. Shimada is currently the chief of medical operations at Japanese space agency (JAXA). He has supported Japanese spaceflight crewmembers for STS-72, 87, 95, 92, 114, 123, 124, 119, 127, 131, and for ISS-19/20/21 and 22/23(21S). He supervised hypobaric and hyperbaric chamber operations, as well as weightlessness simulation diving at Tsukuba Space Cener. He served as Japanese and FAA AME, and is a vice president of FAI Medicophysiological Commission. He logged 700 hours on gliders and airplanes as a private pilot. 2010 Chief, JAXA Medical Operations 2008 AsMA Fellow 1997 ABPM board certification in Aerospace Medicine 1996 State of Ohio physician license 1993-1996 RAM at Wright State Univ.; 1995 MSci. in Aerospace Medicine 1993-present Flight Surgeon, JAXA (ex. NASDA, Japanese space agency) 1983-1992 Otolaryngology residence at Univ. of Tsukuba and Saku Central Hospital, then ENT practice at Ibaraki Kenritsu Chuo Hospital 1987 Ph.D.; Univ. of Tsukuba (auditory evoked response) 1983 M.D.; Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan President Elect Position Dr.