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Download the COI Focus COMMISSARIAAT-GENERAAL VOOR DE VLUCHTELINGEN EN DE STAATLOZEN COI Focus SOMALIË Veiligheidssituatie in Mogadishu 25 september 2018 (update) Cedoca Oorspronkelijke taal: Nederlands DISCLAIMER: Dit COI-product is geschreven door de documentatie- en researchdienst This COI-product has been written by Cedoca, the Documentation and Cedoca van het CGVS en geeft informatie voor de behandeling van Research Department of the CGRS, and it provides information for the individuele verzoeken om internationale bescherming. Het document bevat processing of individual applications for international protection. The geen beleidsrichtlijnen of opinies en oordeelt niet over de waarde van het document does not contain policy guidelines or opinions and does not pass verzoek om internationale bescherming. Het volgt de richtlijnen van de judgment on the merits of the application for international protection. It Europese Unie voor de behandeling van informatie over herkomstlanden van follows the Common EU Guidelines for processing country of origin april 2008 en is opgesteld conform de van kracht zijnde wettelijke information (April 2008) and is written in accordance with the statutory legal bepalingen. provisions. De auteur heeft de tekst gebaseerd op een zo ruim mogelijk aanbod aan The author has based the text on a wide range of public information selected zorgvuldig geselecteerde publieke informatie en heeft de bronnen aan elkaar with care and with a permanent concern for crosschecking sources. Even getoetst. Het document probeert alle relevante aspecten van het onderwerp though the document tries to cover all the relevant aspects of the subject, the te behandelen, maar is niet noodzakelijk exhaustief. Als bepaalde text is not necessarily exhaustive. If certain events, people or organisations gebeurtenissen, personen of organisaties niet vernoemd worden, betekent are not mentioned, this does not mean that they did not exist. dit niet dat ze niet bestaan hebben. All the sources used are briefly mentioned in a footnote and described in Alle gebruikte bronnen staan kort vermeld in een voetnoot en uitgebreid detail in a bibliography at the end of the document. Sources which have beschreven in een bibliografie achteraan het document. Bronnen die been consulted but which were not used are listed as consulted sources. In geconsulteerd maar niet gebruikt werden, staan in een lijst van exceptional cases, sources are not mentioned by name. When specific geraadpleegde bronnen. In uitzonderlijke gevallen worden bronnen niet bij information from this document is used, the user is asked to quote the naam genoemd. Wie specifieke informatie uit dit document gebruikt, moet de source mentioned in the bibliography. bronverwijzing uit de bibliografie vermelden. This document can only be published or distributed with the written consent Publicatie of verspreiding van dit document is alleen mogelijk na schriftelijke of the Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless toestemming van het Commissariaat-generaal voor de Vluchtelingen en de Persons. Staatlozen. WTC II, Koning Albert II-laan 26 A, 1000 BRUSSEL T 02 205 51 11 F 02 205 51 24 [email protected] www.cgvs.be SOMALIË. Veiligheidssituatie in Mogadishu 25 september 2018 Inhoudsopgave Lijst van afkortingen ........................................................................................................... 3 Inleiding .............................................................................................................................. 4 1. Korte geschiedenis .......................................................................................................... 6 2. Huidige toestand van het conflict .................................................................................... 7 2.1. Nationale en regionale politieke ontwikkelingen ............................................................... 7 2.2. Algemene veiligheidssituatie in Zuid- en Centraal-Somalië ............................................... 11 2.3. De strijd met Al Shabaab ............................................................................................. 15 3. Strijdende partijen ........................................................................................................ 19 3.1. Gewapende groeperingen die geen deel uitmaken van de regering .................................... 19 3.1.1. Al Shabaab ........................................................................................................... 19 3.1.2. Andere milities ...................................................................................................... 25 3.1.3. Islamitische Staat van Irak en de Levant-factie of IS-factie......................................... 26 3.2 Nationale en internationale strijdkrachten ....................................................................... 28 3.2.1. Somalische veiligheidsdiensten................................................................................ 28 3.2.2. African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) en de Verenigde Naties (VN) ..................... 31 3.2.3. Andere mogendheden ............................................................................................ 34 4. Typologie van het geweld .............................................................................................. 36 4.1. Complexe aanslagen ................................................................................................... 40 4.2. Doelgerichte moordaanslagen ...................................................................................... 40 4.3. Andere gewelddadige incidenten ................................................................................... 42 5. Doelwitten van het geweld ............................................................................................ 43 5.1. Statistieken................................................................................................................ 43 5.2. Analyse ..................................................................................................................... 45 6. Geografische verdeling van het geweld ......................................................................... 49 7. Verplaatsingen van de bevolking ................................................................................... 53 7.1. Vluchtelingen ............................................................................................................. 53 7.1.1. Opvang in de regio ................................................................................................ 53 7.1.2. Terugkeer ............................................................................................................. 54 7.1.3. Rechtspraak EHRM en Verenigd Koninkrijk ................................................................ 57 7.2. Ontheemden .............................................................................................................. 59 8. Impact van het geweld op het dagelijkse leven ............................................................. 62 8.1 Handhaven van de veiligheid ......................................................................................... 62 8.2. Situatie van vrouwen en kinderen ................................................................................. 63 8.2.1. Vrouwen ............................................................................................................... 63 8.2.2. Kinderen .............................................................................................................. 65 8.3 Dagelijks leven en humanitaire situatie .......................................................................... 67 8.3.1. Economische en humanitaire situatie ....................................................................... 67 8.3.2. Gezondheidszorg, onderwijs, werkgelegenheid, huisvesting ........................................ 73 8.3.3. Clandynamieken .................................................................................................... 75 8.3.4. Dagelijks leven ...................................................................................................... 76 Samenvatting .................................................................................................................... 79 Bibliografie ........................................................................................................................ 82 Pagina 2 van 107 SOMALIË. Veiligheidssituatie in Mogadishu 25 september 2018 Lijst van afkortingen ACLED Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project AMISOM African Union Mission in Somalia AS Al Shabaab ASWJ Ahlu Sunna Wal Jama’a ASNE Al-Shabaab North-East FGS Federal Government of Somalia FMS Federal Member States FSNAU Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit GIA Galmudug Interim Administratie IED Improvised Explosive Device IS Islamic State (ISIS, ISIL of Daesh) NISA National Intelligence and Security Agency OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs RCVBIED Remote Controlled Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device SLA Somaliland Army SLP Somaliland Police SNA Somali National Army SPF Somali Police Force IED Improvised Explosive Device UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNSOM United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia UVIED Under Vehicle Improvised Explosive Device VAE Verenigde Arabische Emiraten VBIED Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device Pagina 3 van 107 SOMALIË. Veiligheidssituatie in Mogadishu 25 september 2018 Inleiding Deze
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