DOCSLIB.ORG

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys This article was originally published in the Comprehensive Nuclear Materials published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who you know, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier's permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial Li M. and Zinkle S.J. (2012) Physical and Mechanical Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys. In: Konings R.J.M., (ed.) Comprehensive Nuclear Materials, volume 4, pp. 667- 690 Amsterdam: Elsevier. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Author's personal copy 4.20 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys M. Li Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA S. J. Zinkle Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA Published by Elsevier Ltd. 4.20.1 Introduction 667 4.20.2 Copper and High-Strength, High-Conductivity Copper Alloys 668 4.20.2.1 Pure Copper 668 4.20.2.2 PH Copper Alloys 668 4.20.2.2.1 CuCrZr alloy 669 4.20.2.2.2 CuNiBe alloy 670 4.20.2.2.3 CuNiSi 670 4.20.2.3 DS Copper Alloys 670 4.20.3 Physical Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys 671 4.20.4 Mechanical Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys 671 4.20.4.1 Tensile Properties 671 4.20.4.2 Fracture Toughness 673 4.20.4.3 Creep 674 4.20.4.4 Fatigue and Creep–Fatigue 674 4.20.5 Irradiation Effects in Copper and Copper Alloys 675 4.20.5.1 Effect of Irradiation on Physical Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys 676 4.20.5.2 Effect of Irradiation on Mechanical Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys 676 4.20.5.2.1 Tensile properties 676 4.20.5.2.2 Fracture toughness 678 4.20.5.2.3 Fatigue and creep–fatigue 678 4.20.5.2.4 Irradiation creep and void swelling 678 4.20.5.3 Effect of Irradiation on Microstructure of Copper and Copper Alloys 681 4.20.5.3.1 Defect structure in irradiated copper and copper alloys 681 4.20.5.3.2 Dislocation channeling 684 4.20.6 Joining 685 4.20.7 Summary 687 References 688 SFT Abbreviations Stacking fault tetrahedral TCH Tension and compression hold CW Cold worked DS Dispersion strengthened FFTF Fast Flux Test Facility G-P Guinier–Preston 4.20.1 Introduction HIP Hot isostatic pressing IACS International Annealed Copper Standard Copper alloys are prime candidates for high heat flux JET Joint European Torus applications in fusion energy systems. High heat MOTA Materials Open Test Assembly flux is a major challenge for various fusion devices OFHC Oxygen-free, high conductivity because of the extremely high energy density required PH Precipitation hardened in controlled thermonuclear fusion. The removal of a SAA Solution annealed, and aged condition large amount of heat generated in the plasma through 667 Comprehensive Nuclear Materials (2012), vol. 4, pp. 667-690 Author's personal copy 668 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys the first wall structure imposes a major constraint on copper has room temperature electrical conductivities the component design life. Materials with high con- equal to or greater than 100% International Annealed ductivity are needed to assist heat transfer to the Copper Standard (IACS), where 100% IACS ¼ 17.241 coolant and to reduce the thermal stress for pulsed nO mat20C.3 Copper grades with the ASTM/SAE mode of operation. unified number system (UNS) designation C10100, A number of issues must be considered in the C10200, C10400, C10500, and C10700 are classified as selection of materials for high heat flux applications OFHC copper. Grades C10400, C10500, and C10700 in fusion reactors. While high conductivity is the key have significant silver content, which creates activa- property for such applications, high strength and tion hazards. Only C10100 and C10200 are considered radiation resistance are also essential for the effective for fusion systems. performance of materials in a high heat flux, high The use of unalloyed copper is often limited by its irradiation environment. In addition, fatigue behavior low strength. Copper can be strengthened by various is a major concern for many high heat flux applica- processes, for example, cold working, grain refine- tions because of planned or inadvertent changes in the ment, solid solution hardening, precipitation hard- thermal loading. Pure copper has high thermal con- ening, dispersion strengthening, etc. While these ductivity but rather low strength, and therefore its approaches can significantly increase the strength, application as heat sinks is limited. The strength of they can also lead to a pronounced reduction in con- copper can be improved by various strengthening ductivity. The challenge is to design a material with mechanisms. Among them, precipitation hardening the best combination of strength and conductivity. and dispersion strengthening are the two most viable Cold work can significantly increase the strength mechanisms for improving the strength of copper of pure copper and has a relatively moderate effect on while retaining its high electrical and thermal con- conductivity.4 However, cold-worked copper can be ductivities. A number of precipitation-hardened (PH) softened at relatively low temperatures (200 C) and dispersion-strengthened (DS) copper alloys are because of its low recrystallization temperature.5 commercially available, and have been evaluated for A recent study has shown that ultrahigh-strength fusion applications, for example, PH CuCrZr, and high-conductivity copper can be produced by ® CuNiBe, CuNiSi, and DS GlidCop Al15, Al25, introducing a high density of nanoscale twin bound- Al60, MAGT-0.2, etc. Two copper alloys that are aries.6 The tensile strength of the nano-grained cop- most appealing are PH CuCrZr and DS CuAl25. per can be increased by a factor of 10 compared to Surveys of copper alloys for fusion applications were conventional coarse-grained copper, while retaining conducted by Butterworth and Forty1 and Zinkle and a comparable conductivity. The potential of high- Fabritsiev. 2 strength, high-conductivity bulk nano-grained cop- In this chapter, a brief description of pure copper per in nuclear energy systems, however, has not been and several copper alloys of interest to fusion appli- widely explored. cations is presented, followed by a summary of their Alloying in copper can significantly improve physical and mechanical properties. The radiation mechanical strengths and raise the softening tempera- effects on the physical and mechanical properties of tures. However, additions of alloying elements also copper and copper alloys as well as their irradiated reduce electrical and thermal conductivity. Among microstructure are then discussed. Joining techniques the three alloying strengthening mechanisms, namely, for plasma facing components in fusion reactors are solid solution hardening, precipitation hardening, and also discussed. dispersion strengthening, solid solution hardening has 4 the most detrimental effects on the conductivity and is the least favored mechanism to obtain high- 4.20.2 Copper and High-Strength, conductivity, high-strength copper alloys. High-Conductivity Copper Alloys 4.20.2.1 Pure Copper 4.20.2.2 PH Copper Alloys Copper is widely used where high electrical or ther- PH copper alloys are heat-treatable alloys. The high mal conductivity is required. Pure copper is defined as strength of PH copper alloys is attributed to the having a minimum copper content of 99.3%. Copper uniform distribution of fine precipitates of second- with oxygen content below 10 ppm is called ‘oxygen- phase particles in the copper matrix. PH copper alloys free.’ ‘Oxygen-free, high conductivity’ (OFHC) grade are produced by conventional solution treatment Comprehensive Nuclear Materials (2012), vol. 4, pp. 667-690 Author's personal copy Physical and Mechanical Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys 669 and aging treatment. Solution treatment produces improves the hardening by the enhancement of a homogeneous solid solution by the heating of an fine homogeneous precipitation and improves the alloy to a sufficiently high temperature to dissolve ductility of the alloy by inhibiting intergranular all solutes. The alloy is then quenched to a lower fracture.8–10 CuCrZr-IG is the ITER grade with temperature to create a supersaturated condition. tighter specification for composition and heat treat- A subsequent aging treatment heats the alloy to ment. CuCrZr alloys are available in different forms, an intermediate temperature below the solvus tem- for example, bars, tubes, wires, foils, sheets, and perature, to precipitate fine second-phase particles. plates. Hot forming, brazing, and inert gas welding Precipitates not only give rise to high strength, but are applicable for component manufacturing. also reduce the solute content in the matrix, main- CuCrZr alloys are used in the conventional aged taining good conductivity. The strength of a PH alloy condition. The reference ITER heat treatment in- depends on particle size, particle shape, volume frac- cludes solution annealing at 980–1000 C for 1 h, 11 tion, particle distribution, and the nature of the inter- water quench, and aging at 450–480 C for 2–4 h. phase boundary.7 Despite their ability to develop Typical microstructure of the prime-aged CuCrZr significant strength, PH copper alloys may be soft- is shown in Figure 1(a). The alloy contains an ened substantially as a result of precipitation coars- equiaxed grain structure and uniformly distributed ening (overaging) at intermediate to high service fine Guinier–Preston (GP) zones exhibiting primarily temperatures or because of recrystallization during black dot contrasts and a small number of precipitates brazing or diffusion bonding.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Thermal Expansion of Some Common Linac Materials*
    Proceedings of LINAC2002, Gyeongju, Korea THE THERMAL EXPANSION OF SOME COMMON LINAC MATERIALS* R. Valdiviez, D. Schrage, H. Haagenstad, J. Szalczinger Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM Abstract type of situation can occur during brazing operations of We have endeavored to acquire more precise data on linac structures. thermal expansion by employing a laser interferometry A thermal expansion measuring method with a precision based measuring process [1] rather than the vitreous silica high enough to avoid the high-temperature inaccuracy dilatometer methods that have been used traditionally. relative to the materials’ elevated temperature strength is a Given that all test parameters are controlled appropriately laser interferometry based method. ASTM E289 laser interferometry offers an accuracy that can be much describes an interferometry based method for measuring better than silica dilatometer based methods. The higher the thermal expansion of materials. In a laser precision method will give a more accurate measure of the interferometry based method the dilatometer is replaced response of some common linac materials undergoing by placing the sample in a fixture where the laser can thermal growth. interact with one end of the sample. Length changes can be measured to an accuracy that is primarily determined 1 INTRODUCTION by the half-wavelength of the laser being used. For the expansion measured in this testing effort the The thermal expansion of metal materials has a strong approximate precision per testing method is listed in effect in any linac design. Data covering the thermal Table 1. expansion of materials that are commonly used in linac fabrication is either sparse or contradictory.
    [Show full text]
  • Glidcop Brazing in Sirius' High Heat Load Front-End
    TUPE23 Proceedings of MEDSI2016, Barcelona, Spain GLIDCOP BRAZING IN SIRIUS’ HIGH HEAT LOAD FRONT-END COMPONENTS G. V. Claudiano, O. R. Bagnato, P. T. Fonseca, F. R. Francisco, R. L. Parise, L. M. Volpe LNLS, Campinas, Brazil Abstract their design on the state of the art. Taking Front-End Sirius is a 4th generation synchrotron light source in power absorbers as example: the refrigeration of these project. Some of Sirius’ beamlines will have a very high components is complex due to their reduced size allied to power density, more than 50 kW/mrad², to be dissipated the high thermal load that is irradiated on them [3]. To in components that have a limited space condition. Thus, solve this problem, engineered materials must be used. the refrigeration of these components is complex when The Glidcop is a good choice due to its good thermal one has in mind that the coolant flow cannot be too turbu- conductivity and preservation of mechanical properties lent in order to not induce much vibration in the compo- after heating cycles. The difficulty of this project lies on nents. the fact that dissimilar metal components (i.e. Glidcop Oxygen Free Copper (C10200) has been replaced by and stainless steel) must be joined and it is needed to the Glidcop on high heat load synchrotron applications isolate both the vacuum and the water chambers. Thus, due to its good thermal conductivity and preservation of the joint must be resistant to hold the pressure in the water mechanical properties after heating cycles. However, this chamber and must be tight to not allow the transport of material is not very workable in terms of union with other small atmosphere molecules to the vacuum chamber.
    [Show full text]
  • E-15798 Cover
    NASA/TM—2007-214663 Comparison of GRCop-84 to Other High Thermal Conductive Cu Alloys Henry C. de Groh III and David L. Ellis Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio William S. Loewenthal Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brook Park, Ohio February 2007 NASA STI Program . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected advancement of aeronautics and space science. The papers from scientific and technical NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) conferences, symposia, seminars, or other program plays a key part in helping NASA maintain meetings sponsored or cosponsored by NASA. this important role. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, The NASA STI Program operates under the auspices technical, or historical information from of the Agency Chief Information Officer. It collects, NASA programs, projects, and missions, often organizes, provides for archiving, and disseminates concerned with subjects having substantial NASA’s STI. The NASA STI program provides access public interest. to the NASA Aeronautics and Space Database and its public interface, the NASA Technical Reports Server, • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- thus providing one of the largest collections of language translations of foreign scientific and aeronautical and space science STI in the world. technical material pertinent to NASA’s mission. Results are published in both non-NASA channels and by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which Specialized services also include creating custom includes the following report types: thesauri, building customized databases, organizing and publishing research results. • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of completed research or a major significant phase For more information about the NASA STI of research that present the results of NASA program, see the following: programs and include extensive data or theoretical analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Creep Properties of an Extruded Copper–8% Chromium–4% Niobium Alloy
    Materials Science and Engineering A369 (2004) 101–111 Creep properties of an extruded copper–8% chromium–4% niobium alloy M.W. Decker, J.R. Groza, J.C. Gibeling∗ Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5294, USA Received 23 June 2003; received in revised form 20 October 2003 Abstract Constant-stress creep experiments were conducted on extruded Cu–8 Cr–4 Nb (GRCop-84) from 0.57 to 0.79 Tm, with observed strain rates spanning over four orders of magnitude. GRCop-84 is composed of approximately 14 vol.% Cr2Nb distributed in sizes ranging from approximately 30 nm to 0.5 ␮m in a matrix of pure copper with a grain size of approximately 1–3 ␮m. This high-strength alloy exhibits creep curves with a standard pure metal-type appearance and true failure strains typically in excess of 10%. The Monkman–Grant relationship is obeyed with a slope of −1.08. Computation of activation energies between neighboring isotherms yields an average value of 287 ± 14 kJ/mol. Despite apparent power law creep behavior within an isotherm, a master plot of temperature compensated strain rate (ε˙/exp[−Q/RT]) versus temperature compensated stress (σ/G) demonstrates that most of the data are above power law breakdown, consistent with σ/G>˜ 10−3.A hyperbolic sine model facilitates interpolation on this master plot to stresses and/or temperatures where experimental data do not exist. Neither the threshold stress model nor the dislocation detachment model applies to GRCop-84 under these creep conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • DOE's Oakland Office to Close by End of 2004, Operations Will Shift To
    -0 Lam 0 fit U- fc Secretary Abraham Sends a Warm The Green Gets a Needed UPqIrade Thank you for an Enjoyable Visit ByShawna -a- Williams SLAC employees on their way Djrect pI,.e.Sr t r in. to and from the Cafeteria OFF:JCIAL IES^-° le-70 \~~~~~ ,^ may notice construction StanfAor ll ~a e,.. 2 Ad work on The Green over the as'^ -- "" next few months. gt4.u;..? Cli 275WdH rna 9402 The goal is to repair leaks in (Ulu2 L-as the irrigation cn system, "which ro cause a bog-type 0>I 1 1 1 effect," said 8 53 1,* I l tl t 1 | St 1 t ** * t ;" ...... U~~~lliili~~~~l""'"""'" ~~~.............. B * &-Z Liam Robinson, 0JJ facilities support -CJ- for manager Stan Namura (left) and Vicente Garnica look on as Angel ^O=Ke 'ILA-1M 9-%titthntc^Eb~wrAIMu lnt ur cr-Nr-x Site Engineering Martinez digs an irrigationtrench on The Green. All are WASHINGTON, D.C. 20585 and Maintenance employees of SLAC's landscaping contractor. (SEM). replace the one that died and was cut January 7, 2003 "The area may not be usable for the down. The irrigation repairs would next three months, but it will improve make a new tree's survival more the usability for the next 10 or 20 likely, since cork oak thrives in drier years," Robinson said, adding that Dr. Jonathan Dorfan soil. pedestrians should exercise caution Director on The Green in the next few months. For more information on this project, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center contact: Liam Robinson (SEM), Ext.
    [Show full text]
  • Vacuum Materials
    Vacuum Science and Technology for Particle Accelerators Yulin Li Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Xianghong Liu SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Albuquerque, New Mexico June 17-28, 2019 Table of Contents . Vacuum Fundamentals . Sources of Gases . Vacuum Instrumentation . Vacuum Pumps . Vacuum Components/Hardware . Vacuum Systems Engineering . Accelerator Vacuum Considerations, etc. Beam-vacuum interactions 2 SESSION 5: Vacuum Materials • Metals Stainless Steels Aluminum and Alloys Copper and Alloys Other metals • Non-metals Ceramics and Glasses Polymers 3 Stainless Steels – Classifications Stainless steel is a steel alloy with at least 11% chromium content by weight. It is also called corrosion-resistant steel. Austenitic stainless steel (300 series): These are generally non-magnetic steel alloys. They contain a maximum of 0.15% carbon, a minimum of 16% chromium and sufficient nickel and/or manganese to retain an austenitic structure at all temperatures from the cryogenic region to the melting point of the alloy. The low carbon (-L) grades are used when welding is involved. In UHV applications, especially accelerators, 300 stainless steels are commonly used. Other less used types of stainless steel alloys are: Martensitic stainless steels (400 series), precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steels (most common used 17- 4PH) and ferritic stainless steels . Martensitic stainless steels are much more machinable, and are magnetic. Those are much less used for accelerators, mainly due to the magnetism. USPAS Vacuum (June
    [Show full text]
  • GLIDCOP, Subjected to Dynamic Loads: It Is a Composite Material with a Copper Matrix Strengthened with Aluminium Oxide Ceramic Particles
    ECCM15 - 15TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS, Venice, Italy, 24-28 June 2012 HIGH STRAIN-RATE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF A COPPER MATRIX COMPOSITE FOR NUCLEAR APPLICATIONS L. Peroni*, M. Scapin Politecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 – 10129 Turin, Italy *[email protected] Keywords: metal matrix composite, strain-rate, temperature, Johnson-Cook Abstract Aim of this work is the investigation of mechanical behaviour of an alumina dispersion strengthened copper, known by the trade name GLIDCOP, subjected to dynamic loads: it is a composite material with a copper matrix strengthened with aluminium oxide ceramic particles. Since the particle content is quite small the material keeps the OFE copper physical properties, such as thermal and electrical conductivity, but with a higher yield strength, like a mild-carbon steel. Besides, with the addition of aluminium oxide, the good mechanical properties are retained also at high temperatures and the resistance to thermal softening is increased: the second phase blocks the dislocation movement preventing the grain growth. Thanks to these properties GLIDCOP finds several applications in particle accelerator technologies, where problems of thermal management, combined with structural requirements, play a key role. Currently, it is used for the construction of structural and functional parts of the particle beam collimation systems of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. 1 Introduction The dispersion strengthened metal composites were studied [1] in order to achieve a combination of different material properties such as high thermal or electrical conductivity jointed with controlled thermal expansion, high strength, wear and arc erosion resistance and particular magnetic properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Friction Stir Welding of GR-Cop 84 for Combustion Chamber Liners
    Friction Stir Welding of GR-Cop 84 for Combustion Chamber Liners Carolyn K. Russell' and Robert Cartert NASA/MarshaN Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35812 David L. Ellis: NASA/Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 441 I I and Richard Goudys Spin Tech, Paso Robles, California 93446 GRCop-84 is a copper-chromium-niobium alloy developed by the Glenn Research Center for liquid rocket engine combustion chamber liners. GRCop-84 exhibits superior properties over conventional copper-base alloys in a liquid hydrogen-oxygen operating environment. The Next Generation Launch Technology program has funded a program to demonstrate scale-up production capabilities of GR-Cop 84 to levels suitable for main combustion chamber production for the prototype rocket engine. This paper describes a novel method of manufacturing the main combustion chamber liner. The process consists of several steps: extrude the GR-Cop 84 powder into billets, roll the billets into plates, bump form the plates into cylinder halves and friction stir weld the halves into a cylinder. The cylinder is then metal spun formed to near net liner dimensions followed by finish machining to the final configuration. This paper describes the friction stir weld process development including tooling and non-destructive inspection techniques, culminating in the successful production of a liner preform completed through spin forming. Nomenclature Copper-Chrome-Niobium friction stir weld pressure coefficient force coefficient in the x direction force coefficient in they direction chord time step Xcomponent of the resultant pressure force acting on the vehicle Y component of the resultant pressure force acting on the vehicle generic functions height time index during navigation waypoint index trailing-edge (TE) nondimensional angular deflection rate Aerospace Welding Engineer, Materials, Processes & Manufacturing, ED33.
    [Show full text]
  • North Carolina), Which Are Very Commonly Used in Synchrotron Components
    A Review of Thermo-Mechanical Considerations of High Temperature Materials for Synchrotron Applications Tuncer M. Kuzay* ' •' •«~ ? «/ :•• Experimental Facilities Division ' ^ 1993 Advanced Photon Source 0 ^ T A rgonne National Laboratory ' / 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne, IL 60439 The third generation synchrotron facilities such as the 7-GeV Advanced Photon Source (APS) generate x-ray beams with very high heat load and heat flux levels. Certain front end and beamline components will be required to sustain total heat loads of 3.8 to 15 kW and heat flux levels exceeding 400 W/mm2 even during the first phase of this project. Grazing geometry and enhanced heat transfer techniques used in the design of such components reduce the heat flux levels below the 30 W/mm2 level, which is sustainable by the special copper materials routinely used in the component design. Although the resulting maximum surface temperatures are sustainable, the structural stresses and the fatigue issues remain viable concerns. Cyclic thermal loads have a propensity to cause spallation and thermal striping concerns. As such, the steady-state part of the problem is much easier to understand and handle than the time-dependent part. Ease of bonding as well as ultrahigh vacuum and radiation compatibility are additional constraints on material selection for these components. The two copper materials are the traditional OFHC and the newer sintered copper, Glidcop (a trademark product of the SCM Corporation of North Carolina), which are very commonly used in synchrotron components. New materials are also appearing in the form of heat sinks or heat spreaders that are bonded to the base copper in some fashion.
    [Show full text]
  • Glidcop Brazing in Sirius' High Heat Load Front-End Components
    Glidcop Brazing in Sirius’ Front-End High Heat Load Components G. V. Claudiano, R. L. Parise, L. M. Volpe, P. T. Fonseca, F. R. Francisco and O. R. Bagnato [email protected] – Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory - LNLS ABSTRACT Currently under construction, Sirius is a 3 GeV, fourth generation synchrotron light source. Sirius is designed to have up to 37 beamlines with ultra-low emittance and high brightness, which will allow high-level research and development on a large range of areas as structural biology, materials science and nanoscience. Given its high quality, its components rely on fine requirements on size, safety and cooling capability, having their design on the state of the art. Taking Front-End power absorbers as example: the refrigeration of these components is complex due to their reduced size allied to the high thermal load that is irradiated on them. To solve this problem, engineered materials must be used. The Glidcop is a good choice due to its good thermal conductivity and preservation of mechanical properties after heating cycles. The difficulty of this project lies on the fact that dissimilar metal components (i.e. Glidcop and Stainless Steel) must be attached and it is needed to isolate both the vacuum and the water chambers. Thus, the joint must be resistant to hold the pressure in the water chamber and must be tight to not allow the transport of small atmosphere molecules to the vacuum chamber. As a trial to manufacture these components, given its specific features, the brazing was chosen as a joining process. THE COMPONENTS The photon shutter component (shown on isometric view at the left and on half section view on the right) is one of the power absorbers which will be built by this brazing process.
    [Show full text]
  • Glidcop [5] and Oxygen-Free Copper (OFC) Are Used to Build the Structures of These Components
    LS-204 rTh~ubmjtted manuscript has been authored I by a CO~ltractor of the U. S. Government under contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. IAccordingly. the U. S. Government retains a ,nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for I. I). S. Government purposes. Thermo-Mechanical Optimization of Fixed Mask 2 for APS Front Ends H. L. T. Nian, T. M. Kuzay, and I. C. A. Sheng July 27, 1992 Experimental Facilities Division Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Thermo-Mechanical Optimization of Fixed Mask 2 for APS Front Ends H. L. Thomas Nian, Tuncer M. Kuzay, and 1. C. Albert Sheng Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL 60439 Abstract Fixed mask 2 (FM2) is one of the critical elements on the front end of the beamlines at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) now under construction at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The FM2 uses an enhanced heat transfer tube developed at ANL. Due to large thermal loads on these components, inclined geometry is used in the design to spread the footprint ofthe x-ray beam. Even then, thermal loads are very critical. To address the thermal and thermo-mechanical issues, analytical studies have been applied to a simplified model of the FM2 tube. The maximum temperature and maximum effective stress have been parametrically studied. Results for maximum temperatures and stresses are obtained and compared with the available strength/fatigue data for the materials proposed for the fixed mask design. 1 Introduction Fixed Mask 2 (FM2) is one of the critical elements on the insertion device (ID) front end [1] of the beamlines at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) now under construction at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL).
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Dispersion-Strengthened Copper in Accelerator Designs*
    XX International Linac Conference, Monterey, California THE USE OF DISPERSION STRENGTHENED COPPER IN ACCELERATOR DESIGNS* R. Valdiviez, D. Schrage, F. Martinez, W. Clark Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM Abstract The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project RFQ accelerator utilizes a combined OFE and Glidcop cavity Dispersion strengthened copper, known by the trade wall design [4]. The Accelerator Production of Tritium name GLIDCOP[1], has found various applications in (APT) project’s Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator accelerator designs. Glidcop has material properties (LEDA) RFQ accelerator utilizes Glidcop in the design similar to OFE copper, such as thermal and electrical of several key components [5]. The end-sealing flanges, conductivity. Unlike OFE, however, Glidcop has yield coupling plates, end walls, and vacuum-waveguide and ultimate strengths equivalent to those of connections [6] all utilize Glidcop. To date the LEDA mild-carbon steel, making it a good structural material. RFQ has operated for over two-thousand hours under This paper covers some accelerator components RF power high duty factor or CW mode with no failures fabricated with Glidcop, material properties measured due to material yield or rupture. The RFQ fabrication from room to brazing temperatures, and a also utilized Glidcop for the braze tooling needed to furnace-brazing process that has produced good, support components during brazing. consistent results with Glidcop. During the commissioning of the LEDA RFQ multipacting was found to occur in the tapered-vacuum waveguides at certain RF power levels that were very close to the operating power level. The solution used to 1 INTRODUCTION overcome this was to reduce the number of RF feeds into the RFQ by half.
    [Show full text]