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Innovation and Design SPRINGER BRIEFS IN APPLIED SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY POLIMI SPRINGER BRIEFS Grazia Concilio Ilaria Tosoni Editors Innovation Capacity and the City The Enabling Role of Design SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology PoliMI SpringerBriefs Editorial Board Barbara Pernici, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Stefano Della Torre, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Bianca M. Colosimo, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Tiziano Faravelli, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Roberto Paolucci, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Silvia Piardi, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11159 http://www.polimi.it Grazia Concilio • Ilaria Tosoni Editors Innovation Capacity and the City The Enabling Role of Design Editors Grazia Concilio Ilaria Tosoni DASTU DASTU Politecnico di Milano Politecnico di Milano Milan, Italy Milan, Italy ISSN 2191-530X ISSN 2191-5318 (electronic) SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology ISSN 2282-2577 ISSN 2282-2585 (electronic) PoliMI SpringerBriefs ISBN 978-3-030-00122-3 ISBN 978-3-030-00123-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00123-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018954858 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adap- tation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publi- cation does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Foreword This book makes up one of the key milestones of the DESIGNSCAPES project, an H2020 CSA (Coordination and Support Action) funded by the European Commission under the Call entitled “User-driven innovation: value creation through Design Enabled Innovation”. The Action started in June 2017 and currently involves 12 public and private organizations (mostly academia and local govern- ment associations, plus an international news aggregator) from 10 EU Member States, under the leadership of ANCI Toscana, the free association of Tuscan Municipalities. The project, as is clear from its full title, aims to build a European capability for Design Enabled Innovation (henceforth: DEI) within the public as well as the private sector, thus meeting a precise requirement of the H2020 Call. However, it does so by taking a relatively unexplored (by previous researchers and practition- ers) perspective. In fact, available evidence from both scientific and grey literature highlights the role and importance of design and design thinking for urban devel- opment processes, or puts emphasis on the City as testbed or ‘lighthouse’ of smart technological and social innovation. To this evidence, DESIGNSCAPES adds an original analysis of the visible and hidden connections between the urban context, or ‘scape’, in which public and private organizations are embedded, and their propensity and capabilities to use design effectively when innovating products, processes and methods of work. This book is the result of the first 6 months of such analysis and is, therefore, to be considered as a work in progress—although most of the content that will follow does already demonstrate sufficient robustness, at least from a scientific point of view, to appear convincing and encouraging to the policy-oriented reader, until any contrary evidence is found out. In addition, the main research avenues presented herein are influencing and shaping the imminent launch of yet another exciting initiative of our Action: a funded call for pilot proposals, which will be open to any individual, private or public body, in order to demonstrate adherence to the H2020 Call plea for more extended DEI take-up, while at the same time revealing some of the less obvious v vi Foreword ‘plots’ documenting the connection between the ‘Urbanscape’ and the intensity or quality or efficiency of that take-up. Here, at ANCI Toscana, we are proud to be leading such an endeavour; however, we are also aware that the authors of this book are responsible for having first conceived, and then raising to a significant level of clarity and depth in terms of their communication, the building blocks of the theory and some of their prac- tical implications, to be tested and enriched during the pilot phase. This said, I hope you will enjoy reading the book as much as I did. Firenze, Italy Simone Gheri ANCI Toscana Director Acknowledgements With this publication, the requirements are fulfilled for Deliverable 1.1 of the DESIGNSCAPES project, an H2020 Coordination and Support Action funded by the European Commission. However, the opinions expressed herein are solely of the authors and do not reflect the official standpoints of any EU institution. Individual contributions of the aforementioned authors have been highlighted by including them in the authors list at the beginning of each book chapter, lead authors are identified by using an envelope symbol within parenthesis. This does not do full justice, however, to the co-creation process that has led to the key original concepts described in this Introduction, which has taken place through several meetings and the exchange of early drafts between the months of August and December 2017. Since then, the Politecnico di Milano as well as ANCI Toscana have taken up the editorial role, bringing the final assembly of chapters to the dignity of a refereed book. Every possible care has been taken for the removal of any typo and the clari- fication of the key terms and concepts developed in this publication, including the accompanying references where relevant. However, the authors remain solely responsible for any mistake and apologize in advance for any inconvenience involuntarily caused. Book editors are grateful to all the DESIGNSCAPES partners and authors of the chapters. A special thank goes to Talita Medina Amaral for the precious support infinalizing the book’s pictures and to Carolina Pacchi for reading the draft and providing precious feedbacks. vii Contents 1 Introduction ........................................... 1 Grazia Concilio and Ilaria Tosoni 2 A Triplet Under Focus: Innovation, Design and the City ......... 15 Munir Abbasi, Joe Cullen, Chuan Li, Francesco Molinari, Nicola Morelli, Pau Rausell, Luca Simeone, Lampros Stergioulas, Ilaria Tosoni and Kirsten Van Dam 3 Cities as Enablers of Innovation ............................ 43 Grazia Concilio, Chuan Li, Pau Rausell and Ilaria Tosoni 4 Innovation and Design ................................... 61 Grazia Concilio, Amalia De Götzen, Francesco Molinari, Nicola Morelli, Ingrid Mulder, Luca Simeone, Ilaria Tosoni and Kirsten Van Dam 5 Design Enabled Innovation in Urban Environments ............. 85 Grazia Concilio, Joe Cullen and Ilaria Tosoni ix Chapter 1 Introduction Grazia Concilio and Ilaria Tosoni 1.1 Cities as Breeding Grounds: What Answers to Global Challenges? It is unquestionable that the global community is challenged by distressing crises (political, social, economic and environmental), which are sometimes referred to as “wicked problems” due to their idiosyncratic, and apparently impossible to tackle, nature. These problems often display a huge interconnectedness (they are recip- rocally reinforcing) and may be generative of new issues (a sort of challenge-within-the-challenge mechanism), making their proper handling even harder and any adopted approach highly controversial. These crises are recurrent and similar from place to place, but their magnitude is growing in size and affecting people on a global scale, thus making the task of approaching them far too complex for any single stakeholder or territorial community alone. For these reasons, now more than ever, new individual behaviours and collective practices, innovative rules and norms, novel local and national policies and wider international cooperation agreements often occur and are widely experimented on, all over the world, bringing about sustainable solutions at multiple levels and scales. Cities are directly affected by most of these crises
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