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From Bus Stop to Farm Village: the Farm Worker Programme in Zimbabwe

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From Bus Stop to Farm Village: the Farm Worker Programme in Zimbabwe DOCUMENT RESUME ED 443 617 RC 022 477 AUTHOR Auret, Diana TITLE From Bus Stop to Farm Village: The Farm Worker Programme in Zimbabwe. INSTITUTION Save the Children, Harare (Zimbabwe). ISBN ISBN-0-7974-2068-1 PUB DATE 2000-00-00 NOTE 143p.; Funding provided by AUSAID (Australian High Commission). Foreword by Chris Mclvor. AVAILABLE FROM Save the Children (UK), P.O. Box 4689, Harare, Zimbabwe; Tel: 263-4-793198-9; e-mail: [email protected]. PUB TYPE Books (010)-- Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Access to Education; Adult Basic Education; *Agricultural Laborers; *Community Development; Elementary Education; Foreign Countries; *Health Services; Literacy Education; Nutrition; Preschool Education; *Program Development; Rural Development; Rural Farm Residents; Rural Women; Rural Youth IDENTIFIERS Access to Health Care; Capacity Building; *Save the Children Fund; *Zimbabwe ABSTRACT This book documents the history, successes, and failures of Save the Children's farmworker program in Zimbabwe, 1981-98. The report explores workers' past and present living and working conditions on commercial farms and describes how the program promoted a progression from workers with a migrant mentality to the building of functional communities, increasingly able to articulate and address their own problems. Information was gathered from key informants on commercial farms, governmentofficials, development officers, and 426 farmworkers. Chapters cover:(1) an introduction to Save the Children Fund and the farmworker program;(2) the situation of rural people before 1980;(3) conditions for farmworker women and children as farmworkers missed out on national improvements in rural education and services;(4) the first pilot farmworker project, 1981-83; (5) expansion in the 1980s;(6) program impacts in the 1980s on the health of women and children, access to water and sanitation, provisionof preschools on farms, housing, nutrition, adult literacy, socioeconomic status,and women's activities;(7) major concerns and lessons learned;(8) a period of uncertainty;(9) organizational issues and changes, program impacts, government partnerships, and community leadership training in the early 1990s;(10) program achievements; and (11) a portrait of the farm village. Appendices present data tables reflecting program progress and list participating farms and program staff. (Contains photographs, a list of acronyms, a glossary, and 80 references.) (SV) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. IR ill - I . A II ea fe Is. 4 U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educahonat Research and Improvement "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS EDU ATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it Garen Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality \A)1.4 Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES official OERI position or policy INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)" 2 From bus Stop to FarmVillage The farm Worker Programme in Zimbabwe Diana Auret Save the Children From Bus Stop to Farm Village Published by: Save the Children (UK) © Save the Children (UK) 2000 Cover design: Font line Electronic Publishing Cover photo: Mrs Ianthe Macdonald, courtesy of The Farmer Typesetting: Font line Electronic Publishing Printed by: Preci-ex Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publicationmay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of thepublishers. ISBN 0-7974-2068-1 CONTENTS Acronyms Glossary of Terms used Foreword Chapter One: An Introduction to the Farm Health Worker Programme A. THE ROLE OF SCF Al. The organization A2. SCF in Zimbabwe A3. Supporting pioneers in preschools B. THE SITUATION OF WORKERS ON COMMERCIAL FARMS B 1. A new type of report B2. The 'two worlds' on the farm C. OUTLINE OF THE SURVEY Chapter Two: A long wait at the bus stopthe situation of rural people before 1980 A. IN THE COMMUNAL AREAS Al.The effects of overpopulation A2.The effects of war A3.Access to social services A4.Access to education B. ON THE COMMERCIAL FARMS B1 A shifting population from various backgrounds B2.The effects of legislation on working conditions B3. Funding social services B4.Access to health care B5.Access to education C. THE ENVIRONMENT OF FARM WORKERS Cl.Physical surroundings C2. A lack of solidarity Chapter Three: Farm workers miss the bus A. THE NEW ZIMBABWE B. BETTER ACCESS TO SERVICES B 1. Health B2. Education C. THE FORGOTTEN PEOPLE Cl.Government ignores the farm workers C2.The workers lack a voice C3.The gap widens D. WOMEN AND CHILDREN ON THE FARMS Dl.Poor access to health care D2.Pioneers of health care for farm workers D3.Nutritional status of farm children D4. Women and children as casual labour D5.Recreational opportunities for women Chapter Four: The first trial on the farms A. THE ORIGINS OF THE PROJECT Al.Dr Laing sets the ball rolling A2.SCF becomes a partner B. THE BINDURA PILOT PROJECT 1981-83 Bl.Objectives and method B2.The selection and training of FHWs B3.The FHWs start work B4.Problems over remuneration B5.Preschools on the farm Bb.Water and sanitation improvements B7.The involvement of the farmers C. WHAT DID THE PILOT ACHIEVE? Cl.'The effectiveness of community participation' C2.What did the farmers think? C3.What did the farm workers think? Chapter Five: Moving slowly forward A. THE PROPOSAL FOR A FULL-SCALE FARM HEALTH WORKERS'PROGRAMME Al.SCF urges expansion A2.The provinces express interest B. THE PARTNERS IN THE PROGRAMME B1.New actors and new responsibilities B2.The involvement of the farmers and farm workers B3.The implications for SCF C. EXPANSION WITHIN MASHONALAND CENTRAL 1984-89 Cl.Phase One (1984-87) C2.Phase Two (1987-89) D. REPLICATION IN MASHONALAND WEST AND EAST,.MANICALAND AND MIDLANDS 1984-87 Dl. A variety of new approaches D2.The involvement of farmers 6 Chapter Six: The impact of the programme on women and children 1982-1989 A. IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALTH Al.The statistics of achievement A2.The benefits for women and children A3.The problems for FHWs A4.Slow progress with water and sanitation B. PROTECTION, NUTRITION AND STIMULATION FOR CHILDREN Bl.The increase in preschools B2. Improvements in nutrition C. ACCESS TO EDUCATION Cl.Still not enough schools C2.Illiteracy persists D. IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS . The involvement of women and children in the work-force E. RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY FOR WOMEN El.The women's clubs E2. Competitions and exhibitions Chapter Seven: Reflections in mid-programme A. THE MAJOR CONCERNS Al.Earlier difficulties persist A2.The question of sustainability B. INVOLVEMENT BY NATIONAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT B 1. Health care delivery B2. Chronic transport problems C. STANDARDS FOR HOUSING, ACCESS TO WATER AND SANITATION Cl.The shortage of technicians and transport C2.The debate on 'minimum standards' C3.Preschools and literacy D. THE ROLE OF THE FARMERS AND THE UNIONS Dl. How the farmers perceived the programme D2.The Commercial Farmers' Union D3.The farm workers' union E. THE DISENFRANCHISEMENT OF FARM WORKERS El Lack of leadership capacity E2. Literacy as community empowerment E3. Tenure and residential status F. LESSONS LEARNT BY SCF Fl.Relationships with key actors F2. Time span of the programme F3. Community development F4. Advocacy F5. SCF and the farmers G. THE FHWP TEAM'S ASSESSMENT Chapter Eight: Seeking the way forward A. A PERIOD OF UNCERTAINTY Al. Two remarkable women A2. A new actor arrives B. THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE PROGRAMME Bl.SCF's long-term commitment Chapter Nine: Into the home stretch, 1991-1994 A. SCF CHANGES ITS APPROACH Al.Programme objectives A2.Programme area B. ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES B 1. Staffing B2.Local structures B3. Involvement of extension staff B4. New team members B5.Infrastructure development C. THE PROGRAMME COMPONENTS Cl.Women's clubs C2.Adult literacy C3.Preschools and nutrition C4.Health C5.Water and sanitation C6.Community development: leadership training D. PARTNERS IN DEVELOPMENT Dl.Government and rural councils D2.The farmers E. STRUCTURES FOR SUSTAINABILITY E THE FWP'S ACHIEVEMENTS 1990-1994 Chapter Ten: Arrival at the destination A. THE SITUATION IN 1995 B. NEW GOALS AND NEW METHODS B1.Keeping the farmers informed B2.Involving the farm worker community C. IMPLEMENTATION Cl.'Model farms' C2. A three-phase intervention C3.The introduction of Farm Development Committees C4.Building team capacity D. A MORE RESPONSIVE ORGANIZATION E. PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES El.Nutrition E2.Adult literacy iv E3. HIV/AIDS and orphans E4. Formal education on the farms F. PUBLICIZING THE PROGRAMME G. PROGRAMME ACHIEVEMENTS G1.Consolidation of model farms G2.The response of the farm workers G3. Women to the fore G4.Farmers respond to the community's needs H. FROM PROVINCIAL PROGRAMME TO NATIONAL PROGRAMME Chapter Eleven: The farm village Al. An eye-opening event A2.Village pride A3.House construction against the odds A4.The importance of the FHW A5.Amazingly innovative' preschools A6.Women's clubs pass on valuable skills A7.More potable water on tap A8.Widespread improvements in sanitation A9.From passivity to active participation APPENDICES Appendix One: Tables Appendix Two: Some of the first farms Appendix Three: Programme Staff Appendix Four: Reference Materials Acronyms AFC Agricultural Finance Corporation
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