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D ThetRichard III Society

Pat'ron: HRH. The Duke of Gloucester

In the bélief that many features of the traditional accounts of the character and career of Richard III are neither supported by sufficient evidence nor reasonably tenablé, the Society aims to promote in .every possible way research into the life and times of Richard III, and i0 secure a re-assessment of the material relating to ' this period, and of the role in English hi.§tory of this monarch. THE RICARDIAN JOURNAL OF THE RICHARD III SOCIETY

ISSN 0048 8267 VOLUME XIII, 2003

TANT D’EMPRISES — SO MANY UNDERTAKINGS: Buy: in bonour ofAnne F. Sutton

Pub/Med b: the Richard III Sociey

Edited 13: Livia Vimr-Fuc/J:

Technical Editor: RoxemagyWaxmm

Published to celebrate Anne Sutton’s sixdeth birthday and her twenty-five 'years’ editorship of T be Ritardian. Sent free to all members of the Society. Available to non-members at £15 per copy plus post and packing from the Sales Officer.

© 2003 T be Richard III Sociey

Printed in England by Rowland Phototypesetting Ltd and St Edmundsbuxy Press Limited, both of Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk Contents

INTRODUCTION Livia Vimr-Fm/J: v NOTES FROM CONTRIBUTORS vi BIBLIOGRAPHY: BEING A LIST OF THE PUBLISHED WORK OF ANNE F. SUTTON xv ILLUSTRATIONS xxi ABBREVIATIONS _ xxii

‘YOU KNOW ME BY MY HABIT’: HERALDS’ TABARDS IN THE FOURTEENTH AND FIFTEENTH CENTURIES Adrian Aile: 1 JANE WITH THE BLEMYSSH: A SKELETON IN THE DE LA POLE CLOSET Rowena E. Archer 12 THE LANCASTRIAN CLAIM TO THE THRONE 27 john AIIJdou/n Hill ELLEN LANGWITH: SILKWOMAN OF LONDON, (DIED 1481) Caroline Barmn and Matthew Davie: 39 FRESTON TOWER: AN IPSWICH MERCER’S LANDMARK? john Blah/1&1 48 THE BUCKINGHAMSHIRE SIX AT BOSWORTH Luigi Baum/right 54 BOOKS AND READERS IN CALAIS: SOME NOTES julia Boflgl 67 JACQUELINE OF BAVARIA IN SEPTEMBER 1425, A LONELY PRINCESS IN GHENT? Marc Boone 75 THE WOOLLEN TEXTILE INDUSTRY OF SUFFOLK IN THE LATER MIDDLE AGES Richard Britnell 86 PARIS — MIRROR OR LAMP TO ENGLISH ' MEDIEVAL ROYAL GOLDSMITHS? Marian Gumbel! 100 THE ADMIRALITY SEAL OF RICHARD, DUKE OF GLOUCESTER john Cbergl 114 THREE GIGLI OF LUCCA IN ENGLAND IN THE FIFTEENTH AND EARLY SIXTEENTH CENTURIES: DIVERSIFICATION IN A FAMILY OF MERCERY MERCHANTS Cea'l H Clougb 121 ANOTHER MEDIEVAL LONDON WIDOW: THE STORY OF BEATRICE CORNBURGH Margaret Comm/b: 148 ‘MORE THROUGH FEAR THAN LOVE’: THE HEREFORDSHIRE GENTRY, THE ALIEN

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/ CONTENTS

SUBSIDY OF 1483 AND REGiONAL RESPONSES TO RICHARD III’S USURPATION Sean Cunningham 159 JOAN OF ARC: MYTH AND REALITY Keith Doc/Era} 174 READING IMAGES OF READING Marika Driver 186 THE CHAPEL-OF-EASE: SYMBOL OF LOCAL IDENTITY AND AMBITION Dal/id Djmonu' 203 JOHN STOW AND LYDGATE’S ORDER OF FOOLS 217 A.S.G Edwardr HOCCLEVE’S PORTRAIT? IN BRITISH LIBRARY MANUSCRIPT ARUNDEL 38 ,Magl Er/er 221 THE ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN OF EDWARD IV 229 Peter Hammond ‘OUli TRUSTY AND WELBELOVED SERVANT AND SQUIRE FOR OURE BODY’, NICHOLAS BAKER ALIAS SPICER Bill Hat/gator: 234

HOME OR AWAY? SOME PROBLEMS WITH DAUGHTERS Alimn Han/Jam 242 WILLIAM ESTFIELD, MERCER (DIED 1446), AND WILLIAM ALNWICK, BISHOP (DIED 1449): EVIDENCE FOR A FRIENDSHIP? Roaming: qe: 249 RICHARD III, THE GREAT LANDHOLDERS AND THE RESULTS OF THE WARS OF THE ROSES Michael Hick: 260 MEDIEVAL VESTMENTS AT WELLS CATHEDRAL 271 jean 1mm] ‘FOR MY LORD OF RICHMOND, A POURPOINT . . . AND A PALFRY’: BRIEF REMARKS ON THE FINANCIAL EVIDENCE FOR HENRY TUDOR’S EXILE IN BRITTANY, 1471—1484 Maine! CE. form 283 ‘MY IMAGE TO BE MADE ALL NAKED’: CADAVER TOMBS AND THE COMMEMORATION OF WOMEN IN FIFTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND 294 Pamela King

‘MORTON’S FORK’? — HENRY VII’S ‘FORCED LOAN’ OF 1496 Harme: Kleineke 315 ‘PLATE, GOOD STUFF, AND HOUSEHOLD THINGS’: HUSBANDS, WIVES, AND CHATTELS IN ENGLAND AT THE END OF THE MIDDLE AGES janet Loengard 328 CONTENTS

THE CAREER OF JOHN DE LA POLE, EARL OF LINCOLN W714}! Moorhen 341 THE EAST ANGLIAN LOLLARDS REVISITED: PAROCHIAL ART IN NORFOLK Ann E. Niche/k 359

ST GEORGE OF ENGLAND: AN EDITION OF THE SERMON FOR ST GEORGE’S DAY FROM MIRK’S FEJYML Swan Powell 371 THE INVENTORY OF A FIFTEENTH—CENTURY NECROMANCER Carole Raw/5'17}: 384 BOOKS AND PICTURES: AN UNLIKELY STORY OF THE BROTHERS PASTON Colin Richmond 398 SCRAPS FROM BURY ST EDMUND Mahala: Roger: 408 ‘A CLOKE NOT MADE SO ORDERLY’: THE SIXTEENTH—CENTURY MINUTES OF THE MERCHANT TAYLORS’ COMPANY Ann Saundm 41 5 JOHN BARET OF BURY Margaret Stat/Jam 420

iv Introduction

The present volume is Volume XIII of Tbe Ricardian,and is published in honourof Anne Sutton, to celebrate her sixtieth birthday, but particularly her twenty-five years of editorship. Few people, apart from other editors of journals and their close associates, realise what a Herculean labour it is to keep a scholarly journal going, to get it filled, all contributions brought up to scratch, corrected, discussed with their authorsand marked up; find out what books to review, obtain copies, allot them to the right people and hope that they will do the workwithin two years (a rarity), and finally, to find relevant articles, read them with some care and summarise them. All these activities involve an enormous amount of correspondence, administration, photo-copying and endless trips to the post office. At the same time, in a perfect world, the Editor also has to do her own work, do her own research and write her own books and articles. In the case of Tim Ritardz'an editing it is also a labour of love, for the struggle to maintain the academic face of the Richard 111 Societyhas sometimes been an unequal one, a balancing act of the first order. Budding authors among the Ricardians have to be taught to do their job properly, any semblance of fanaticism has to be removed, but at the same time the Editor is not allowed to nip any of these efforts in the bud, because, after all, an enthusiastic and potentially valuable contributor for the future might be lost. Meanwhile established historians have to be recruited and encouraged,not merely to contribute once, but to keep doing so, in spite of any (imagined) damage that this consorting with the ‘fans’ of Rict III might do to their reputation. Many of them have no doubt long since forgotten that there ever was such a danger: T be Ricardian is now recommended in University reading lists and cited in works of scholarship. This bookis the reflection of Anne’s successful career as an editorial trapeze artist, so far. It does not even pretend to have a theme. It represents, I hope, the tireless activity that she displays, researching and publishing in the fields of her own very diverse interests, as well as the appreciation and the interests of the many people, members and non-members of the Richard III Society, whom she managed to make enthusiastic enough to contribute to T be Rimrdian over the last twenty-five years. I do not have to describe their appreci- ation, for they have done so themselves, very effectively, in the Notes from Conuibutors that follow. I am most grateful to all of them for making this volume a pleasant one and more substantial than even I expected. The only thing that is missing among those tributes is a very deserved one to the undring work of Rosemary Waxman, the Technical Editor of The Ricardian.

Livia Visser-Fuchs Baarn, 3 November 2002

V Notes from contributors

Adrian Ailes I know Anne fromhaving chaired the lecture on Yorkist burials at the Heraldry Society (and the dinner afterwards) and we have met at the Guildhall and of course the PRO. Anne has helped to decipher the odd bit of palaeography for me. We have corresponded on matters heraldic and she has always been very helpful and happy to share her knowledge.

John Ashdown-Hill I first encountered Anne long before I met her — via the television, in I729 Trial ofRic/24rd III. Much later, noticing a trifling errorin a Ricardian article, I wrote to her about it. She encouraged me to produce a correction — my first published contribution to The Rimrdian. Subsequently, she has helped me to bring numerousother articles to publication, and supported me in my ambition of reading for a doctorate, which only personalcomplications have so far prevented me frombringing to fruition.

Dr Rowena E. Archer I met Anne through Diana Dunn who shared Anne’s flat in Eton Avenue in London in 1978—9, the year I started research. Anne kindly gave me hospitality then, and long after Diana had moved, while I was struggling with the Mowbray dukes of Norfolk at the PRC and BL. When Anne moved, so did I — to Fanshaw Street. Do Inot remember moving those books, fromone top floor to mother? Anne was the perfect host,giving me ‘the freedom of the house’ and independence whilst being a delightful companion on evenings in. I am conscious of a very big debt; Iknow he: as a scholar and a friend.

Prof. Caroline Barron Iam Professor of the History of London at Royal Holloway, University of London, and have written about several aspects of medieval London, including the government of the city, the struggles with the Crown and the social activities of those who lived in the city. My book, Enterprixe and Egghm'ment'T be Government of London 1200-1500, will be published in 2003. I first met Anne when she came to workas an archivist at the Corporation of London Record Office as the deputy to Betty Masters. In those days she had long chestnut hair, and was immensely knowledgeable if a bit daunting! When Anne moved from the Corporation Record Office to become the archi- vist of the Mercers’ Company, we used to meet to discuss matters of mutual concern, often, but not always, involving the career of Richard Whittington. On one of these occasions Anne broached with me the possibility of submitting the workshe was doing on the early history of the Mercers’ craft for a doctoral dissertation at London University. This seemed an excellent idea and so I became the supervisor of Anne’s PhD, which was a very easy task since Anne

vi NOTES FROM CONTRIBUTORS already possessed all the skills that a doctoral student spends time in acquiring. All I had to do was to read chapters of interesting material, and try to ensure that the work did not exceed the word limit! While completing this work, Anne was still the company archivist, continued to write detailed research papers and read more papers to the Medieval and Tudor London seminar at the IHR than any otherparticipant. One of these papers was about Ladyjoan Bradbury, a notable benefactor of the Mercers’ Company and a truephilanthropist. Since there seemed no appropriate journal in which to publish Anne’s essay, we decided to cluster other London widows aroundjoan Bradbury; that was the genesis of our volume on Medieval London Widow: which appeared in 1994. When it came to compiling the index (a task at which Anne excels) she insisted that we put it all together in Mercers’ Hall: it was a memorable day as we sat in a lofty room, piling up our scruffy little slips in alphabetical order and drinking tea brought to us on a silver tray. Anne’s doctorate followed the next year, and the articles and papers appear ever more frequently: I know because she is good enough to send me off-prints and she also sends me copies of T be Ricardian,in which she has promoted serious scholarship. Anne’s hairis now short, but she still dresses with style and flair and she remains a formidable scholar although, perhaps, not quite so daunting as in the CLRO days! But above all, she is a loyal and good friend. I am really pleased to be included among so many of those who have admired her work and benefited formher scholarship, in her special volume of T be Ricardz'an.

Dr John Blatchly I first met Anne at a banquet in Mercers’ Hall to which I had been invited after taking a team to inspect St Paul’s School. The High Master thoughtfully arranged for me to sit opposite a cousin I had never before met, and next to Anne. We soonfound that we had plenty to talk about, and later, in minute ways, I was able to help her with Ipswich and Suffolk mercers for her history of the company. It was a great pleasure to take her on a tour of late medieval Ipswich. Soon she found her delightful house and garden in Guildhall Street, Bury St Edmunds, and was often in Suffolk. She joined the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History and the Suffolk Records Society, at whose meetings we regularly coincide. It is always a neat to see what miracles she is working in her walled garden, where the sun always seems to shine.

Lesley Boatwtight Under my married name, Lesley Wynne-Davies, I am on the Committee of the Richard III Society as co-ordinator of the Visits Team and I am also a member of the Research Sub-Committee. After I joined the Society I soon came to admire profoundly Anne’s awesome and encyclopaedic knowledge of the fifteenth century, but I also discovered she has a less serious side: she would enliven the proceedings at the Society’s A.G.M. by setting competitions for those attending. One was to write a clerihew on a person fromRichard’s reign; fromthe response came the Society’s published booklet of clerihews.

Vii NOTES FROM CONTRIBUTORS

Another was: what would you give Richard III as a birthday present. The winner was Joan Cooksley with ‘a pair of Stanley knives’.

Dr Julia Boffey I am Reader in Medieval Studies, Queen Mary, University of London, and I first met Anne through the Medieval and Tudor London seminar at the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London. Here we identified shared interests in the literature of the late Middle Ages and in various aspects of book production and ownership, and have continued to discuss these subjects in other contexts over many years, whether at seminar series in London, or at conferences such as those of the Early BookSociety, of which Anne is an active and much valued supporter.

Prof. Marc Boone I am Professorof Medieval History at Ghent and particularly interested in urban society and government officials in the Buxgundian period (late 14'h to early 16'h century). I first met Anne at the meeting of the Centneeuropéen d’étude: bourguignonne: at Oxford in 1994, where we discovered a mutual interest in the history of textiles and the ‘old drapery’ industry. This and the study of urban groups remained a basis for our occasional exchanges of information.

Prof. Richard Britnell I know Anne partly as the very efficient editor of The Ricardian, partly as exceptionally congenial company at historical conferences. I really can’t remem- ber when we first met. The most formal contact I have had with her has been as external examiner of he: doctoral thesis, but of course I knew about the high quality of her workbefore then.

Marian Campbell I had long consulted and admired Anne’s book on Richard III’s coronation before Imet her at the Mercers’ Company, where she allowed me to examine some of the notable pieces of medieval plate owned by the Company. More recently, Anne and I found ourselves almost the only readers seated in the Round Room of the old PRO on its gloomy last day, before its removal from accessible central London, to its brand new home, in remote suburbia at Kew. But the wonderfully rich medieval documents remain, to be discovered and read, and it is a pleasure to offer a piece, partly informed by them, to Anne, who has shared their. riches with so many readers over the years.

John Cherry I first met Anne on visiting the Mercers’ archives and was immediately charmed by her welcome and helpfulness. I have been a devoted reader of her contri— butions to Yorkist history and especially admire her publication on the Houxs of Richard III, particularly its wise conclusion that we must live with the enigma of Richard’s personality. NOTES FROM CONTRIBUTORS

Prof. Cecil H. Clough Almost twenty years ago Anne invited me to review for T he Ricardian that so impressive T be Coronation of Richard III: T be Extant Document; Subsequently she has published articles and a review of mine. We have become epistolary friends, and consistently Ihave been impressed with her broad interests and her original contributions to Richard III studies (I confess my view of him is less charitable, and if acceptable, Iyet aspire to contribute to T be Rimrdz'an the antidote to the persuasive T be Daugbter of Time). I am truly delighted to contribute a study dedicated to Anne’s scholarship.

Dr Margaret Connolly Iam a lecturer in the Department of English, University College Cork. My assessment of Beatrice Cornbuxgh’s psalter was greatly helped by T be Haunt of Richard III, suxely the most lucid analysis of a book of hourscurrently available. My research on John Shirley’s London milieu has brought me into more general contact with Anne’s work and I, like so many others, have benefitted from he: unparalleled knowledge of medieval civic society

Dr Sean Cunningham When Ifirst met Anne, I was seeking her advice not only on Henry VII, but also uponthe bona fides of my Ph.D. supervisor, a known detractor of Richard III. This doubly disadvantageous position, and Anne’s reputation for impeccable scholarship placed me in a state of nervous apprehension. I need not have worried, however, since Anne was, and ever has been, a source of encouragement and help whenever I have burdened her with my ignorance. Many thanks, Anne, for making T he Ricardian such a high-quality and frequent resouxce for scholars of the late fifteenth century.

Dr Matthew Davies I am Director of the Centrefor Metropolitan History at the Institute of Historical Research in the University of London and have written and published on a number of aspects of the city livery companies in the later middle ages, including their charitable and governmental activities. Iam the authorof T he Marc/Jan!T qylorx’Compaq of London: Cami Minutes 1486-1493, and joint author of a forthcoming history of the Merchant Taylors. I have known Anne since the early 19905, when she was completing her doctorate on the early history of the Mercers’ Company, and I contributed an essay to the volume Medieval London ldaq which she edited jointly with Caroline Barron.

Keith Dockray During the long period of Anne’s editorship T he Ricardz'an has become firmly established as a respected academic periodical. Presenting the resultsof original research by both amateur and professional historians (unlike most historical journals), it has also gained a well—deserved reputation for excellent reviews and invaluable notices of recent publications on fifteenth-century England.

ix NOTES FROM CONTRIBUTORS

Perhaps Anne’s greatest achievement has been her strenuous, and no doubt immensely time-consuming, effortsto ensure contents that are not only scholarly but interesting and readable as well.

Prof. Martha Driver I am delighted to contribute this small offeting on the birthday of the brilliant, beautiful and most exemplary Anne, who, with Livia, has been very active in the Early Book Society, an organization which I co-founded in 1987, particularly in the biennial conference. Their work, particularly as it examines text, images and history, has provided inspiration for mine.

Dr David Dymond I was formerly director of studies in Local and Regional History for the Board of Condnuing Education of the University of Cambridge. Five years ago I and my wife — we live in Bury St Edmunds — were happy to meet a newcomer to the town who is now a personal friend: her name is Anne Sutton.

Prof. A.S.G. Edwards I first met Anne when she gave me sorely needed help in sorting some of Thomas More’s connections when Iwas editing his English poems. I already knew her by the range and distinction of her many publications (since much swelled in number) and had particular benefit from various of her (and increas- ingly Livia’s) manuscript studies. Ifeel privileged to be associated, in however small a way, with a volume honouring so learned a scholar, one who’s learning has been made available so unsdntingly to those who have sought it.

Prof. Mary Ede: I believe that the first time Imet Anne Sutton was in Caroline Barton and Vanessa Harding’s University of London seminar on medieval London, but my early memories of her are all connected with delicious lunches at the Coffee Gallery, in Museum Street, which used to be just a step from the main entrance to the old British Library.

Peter Hammond I first met Anne at the official inaugural meeting of the London Branch of the Richard III Society in November 1971 and a few years later, in the late 19705, she became a. founder member of the Society’s Research sub-Committee, which I chaired until last September, so we have been closely associated for many years. Later we edited together 771a Camnatz'an afRic/mrd III in 1983 and Richard III: the Road to Bow/art}; Field in 1985, thusbracketing the reign rather neatly as we thought. The major event for which Iam most grateful to Anne is that in April 1979 she agreed to take over the editorship of The Rimrdian from Carolyn and me. We had edited it for fouryears so we celebrate her almost twenty-five years as editor with amazement and thanks.

X NOTES FROM CONTRIBUTORS

Bill Hampton I was introduced to Anne by Peter and Carolyn Hammond about twenty-five years ago. As an artist Iappreciated he: striking looks and beautiful clothes! As a scholar, Ifound her intelligence equally impressive. Before long she was editor of T he Rimrdian,raising its standards and attractingcontributions from notable scholars, while sharing with us the results of her own researches, often in association with Livia. Until cancer struckone eye, I was a regular contribu- tor, benefiting greatly from he: generosity, for she was always willing to provide material difficult to obtain on Exmoor’s fringe. She deserves our gratitude. Long may she remain at the helm.

Dr Alison Hanham My first and only face-to-face meeting with Anne occurred in a downstairs corridor in the London Institute of Historical Research. I had pursued her there after being told that she was the best person to answer some question that Ihad about City records. I’m sure she then gave me the same generous help as she has regularly provided in correspondence over the subsequent twenty-odd years.

Dr Rosemary Hayes I first met Anne Sutton at London University’s Institute of Historical Research, when we were working on our respective PhD. theses: bets on the Mercers Company and mine on Bishop William Alnwick. She commissioned my first published work, a review for He Ricardian in1985.We became better acquainted in 1986 when we travelled together to the memorial service for Charles Ross. Since then, geographical distance has meant that we have met most often at conferences. It is always a relief to see her name on lists of delegates thus ensuring that one will see at least one friendly face!

Prof. Michael Hicks I first met Anne Sutton when I found that we had both, quite independently, written about Sir Thomas Cook. Anne’s interests as befitted a Corporation of London archivist, were his London connections, mine his trial. It was she with others, later, who carried my discovery of ‘John Vale’s Book’ through to triumphant publication. Soon after, as the fledgling editor of T he Rimrdz'an,she asked me to write a piece on George, Duke of Clarence: a foretaste of the open-minded attitude that has made the journal an important port of call for every fifteenth-century historian, Ricardian or not. Since then, our paths have crossed many times, at fifteenth-century conferences and seminars and as fellow students of Richard III. Anne has a gift for working with others to produce results that individually were beyond them or would take too long. The volume of documents she edited with Peter Hammond is undoubtedly used more frequently than acknowledged! With Livia Visser—Fuchs especially, she has forged an exceptionally original and productive partnership and has made available many sources and explored many avenues that previous scholars

xi NOTES FROM CONTRIBUTORS

(including myself) overlooked. T be Hour: (fRz'cbard III, Richard III’: Boo/ex,and TimeCoronation qf Rz'dmrd III are weighty achievements indeed. Her belated doctorate scarcely acknowledges three decades of scholarly endeavour. Ihave quoted Anne’s workrepeatedly. If we are unlikely altogether to agree, that is the fate of most labourers in our particular vineyard.

Jean Imray Ifirst met Anne when, as archivist to the Mercers’ Company, I made occasional forays to the Corporation of London Records Office to consultthe City archives. We discovered a mutual interest in fashion as well as history and once or twice became travel companions in pursuit of both. When retirement loomed in 1981 Anne seemed a possible successor and, fortunately for the Mercers, she accepted the appointment. After retiring I moved to Wells and studied for the City & Guilds Certificate in Creative Studies: Embroidery. For Part II I took as my theme medieval pattern and decoration which led directly to this particular piece of research.

Prof. Michael Jones Beside the inevitable debt which, like so many others, I owe to Anne’s work as an editor over the years, Ihave been privileged to publish a number of her own best articles in Nom'ngbam Medieval Studiex, where constraints on space have not been so tight as in this present volume! As a result we have had a very fruitful and rewarding professional relationship over many years. I am sure that she will understand that the brevity of my contribution here is in inverse proportion to my respect for her wide-ranging and stimulating scholarship!

Prof. Pamela King My mainfield of research is civic pageantry, the focus of the Lancaster-based York Doomsday Project, which Ico-direct frommy base as Associate Dean of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences at St Martin’s College. The present essay, however, goes back to my doctoral thesis on English cadaver tombs (York 1987) which Icompleted during the years I spent in London University. That was where I got to know Anne, who was a valued regular member of the London Old and Middle English Research Seminar, 21forumfor lively inter- disciplinary exchange and for the formation of lasting friendships amongst medievalists.

Dr Hannes Kleineke I am Research Fellow at the History of Parliament and first got to know Anne at the seminar for Medieval and Tudor London History at the IHR. Iam one of the many younger scholars who have had some of their early workpublished in T he Ricardian thanks to her encouragement and guidance.

xii NOTES F ROM CONTRIBUTORS

Prof. Janet Senderowitz Loengard It was 1977—78 and I was on sabbatical leave. It had been suggested that I look at viewers’ certificates in connection with my project; they, of course, were in the Corporation of London Record Office. Anne was an archivist there and she must have wondered when Ifirst walked in without much clear sense of what I was looking for.But the certificates-turned out to be more interesting than what I had been researching, and I spent most of the winter working in the CLRC. And Anne became a friend. I don’t have any relation to her work— I just admire it.

Wendy E.A. Moorhen Ijoined the Richard III Society in 1987 and in 2001 was elected to the post of Research Officer. This was achieved partly through a proven track record of service to the Society, including co-ordination of the ‘Wills Index Project’, but also by the encouragement and support of people within the Society like Anne. Iam indebted to her for giving me, as a novice contributor to T be Rimrdian, a very useful and constructive lesson on how to write history. She brings her own meaning to the word ‘rubricate’. This Festschrift is testament to Anne’s service to the Society and to its enhanced reputation due to her scholarship.

Prof. Ann Eljenholm Nichols One of the blessings of going to conferences is the opportunity to make new friends. Ifirst met Anne at a meeting of the Early Book Society in Dublin. Since then our paths have crossed in museums and libraries. We are both, in slightly different ways, attached to East Anglia, sharing interests in the Ricardian period and the visualization of text.

Dr Susan Powell My first recollection of meeting Anne is at the Romances conference in Belfast in 1994, when we sat together at dinner in the splendid Hall at Queen’s University. She was an excellent dinnercompanion and, I soon came to realise, an accomplished and authoritative speaker. I recall particularly her talks at the Early Book Society conference at Lampeter and at Glasgow, where she ' gave a masterly paper on Thomas Malory and Newgate. She seems always to accomplish what I would like to do myself: set a problem and solve it with consummate scholarship and seeming ease.

Prof. Carole Rawcliffe I am currently teaching in the History of Medicine at the University of East Anglia, but it was in my previous incarnation, as a political historian, that I first met Anne almost three decades ago. My contribution, which touches upon justa few of Anne’s many areas of expertise, is diffidently offered as a tribute to a fine scholar who is as distinguished as she is versatile. Book-owning conspirators against Richard III with a taste for. fur coats and high fashionare rare birds indeed, and it is appropriate that one should appear in this Festschrift. NOTES FROM CONTRIBUTORS

Nicholas Rogers According to my files I first corresponded with Anne in 1988, when she was working on T he Hour: ofRichard III. Since then Maiden’s Heads and White Boats record that we have corresponded intermittently and met all too rarely. This piece is offered in the hope that the futurewill provide more opportunities to exchange information and ideas. (And I haven’t forgotten that review I promised!)

Dr Ann Saunders As Honorary Editor to both the Costume Society and the London Topograph- ical Society I have known Anne as a friend and have admired her workfor over a quarter of a century.

Margaret Statham I first met Anne Sutton at one of the Society of Archivists’ conferences, though neither of us can now remember which one. Later, when she and Livia were working on John Vale’s book,they became interested in John Barct. Imet Anne again when they came to Bury St Edmunds in the course of their research. It was a great pleasure to talk ‘Baret’to them, and to show them St Mary’s church and other features in the town. It was obvious that their names had to be added to the totally unorganised and tiny but, nevertheless, international John Baret fan club. On a later visit to Bury St Edmunds, Anne noticed that nice properties in the town were more affordable than similar ones in, say, Oxford or Cambridge. She was soonactively house-hunting here and before long she moved into her house in Guildhall Street. Among other things Ihave to thankher for showing me that there are still films worthseeing, and I look forward to many more years of lunching and cinema going with her.

Prof. Colin Richmond has included his personal note in his contribution, and John Saunders, unofficial historian of the Richard III Society, added an ‘histori- cal’ note: Following the unexpected resignation of the then editor of T be Rimrdian early in 1975, Peter and Carolyn Hammond stepped in to see the journal through its next sixteen issues and undertheir stewardship it reached high academic standards. However, they were already occupying the offices of research officer and librarian respectively and could not permanently add the editorship to their responsibilities. Someone else had to be found and fortu- nately the Society did not have to look far. Anne had been involved with the Society’s research agenda for some time and was already working with Peter on the Camnation ofRichard III. She was the obvious choice and that she had all the requisite skills for the job was not in doubt. The Society chairman, Jeremy Potter, noted in an article which opened Anne’s first issue as editor in June 1979: ‘As for the future, it is good news that Anne Sutton, herself the author of a number of learned articles in recent Ricardiam,has agreed to take over the editorship . . . Peter’s last service as editor has been to find such a worthy successor.’

xiv Bibliography Being A List of the Published Work of Anne F. Sutton MA, PhD, FSA, FRHistS

Short reviews and research notes have not been included.

1975 ‘Richard III, the City of London and Southwark’, The Ricardian, vol. 3, rcpt. in Richard III, Crown and People, ed. J. Petre, London 1985, pp. 289—95. ‘Richard III’s “Castle of Care’”, The Rimm’ian, vol. 3, rcpt. in Richard [II mn and Peqb/e, pp. 303—06.

1976 ‘The administration of justice whereunto we be professed’, 77M Ricardian, vol. 4, rcpt. in Richard III, 0011»: and People,pp. 359—70.

1977 ‘Richatd III’s “tytylle & right”: \a new discovery’, He Ricardian, vol. 4, rcpt. in Richard III, Cmum and People, pp. 57—63.

1978 ‘Six Thomas Cook and his troubles: an investigation’, Guildhall Studie: in London Histoyl, vol. 3, pp. 85—108. With P.W. Hammond: ‘The problems of dating and the dangers of redating: the Acts of Courtof the Mercers’ Company of London 1453—1527’, journal qfthe Sociegyof Aft/Ji- vim, vol. 6, pp. 87—91.

1979 ‘The coronation robes of Richard III and Queen Anne Neville’, Coxtume, vol. 13, pp. 8—16. ‘William Underwode, blacksmith of London and make: of spursfor Richard IH’, T/JeRicardian, vol. 5, pp. 140—43.

1980 ‘The death of Queen Anne Neville’, T he Ricardz'an, vol. 5, repr. in Richard III, Ca and People, pp. 16—17. ‘Alice Claver, silkwoman of London and maker of mantle laces for Richard III and Queen Anne’, T/Je Rimrdz'an, vol. 5, rcpt. in Richard III, Cmum and People, pp. 397—402.

1981 ‘George Lovekyn, tailor to three kings of England, 1470—1504’, Commie, vol. 15, pp. 1—12.

XV BIBLIOGRAPHY

1982 ‘Chxisu'an Colborne, painter of London and “Almain”, died 1486,’ journal of the Briti Archaeological Amociatz'on,vol. 135, pp. 55—61. ‘Martin Jumbarde, embroiderer of goods for Edward IV, Richard III and Henry VII’, The Ritardz'an, vol. 6, pp. 50—53. With PW. Hammond: Review article: Richard III, by C. Ross, T be Rimrdian, vol. 6, pp. 22—26. With P. B. Farrel: ‘The duke of Buckingham’ 5 sons,October 1483— August 1485’, T be Rimrdian, vol. 6, pp. 87—92.

1983 With PW. Hammond: T be Comnafion (y'RiclJard III‘ the Extent Documentx, Gloucester and New York. With R.E. Horrox: ‘Some expenses of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, 1475—7’, T be Rimrdian, vol. 6, pp. 266—69.

1984 ‘John Hertyngton, supplier of saddlery to Richard III’, T/Je Ricardz'an,vol. 6, pp. 379-84.

1985 ‘John Kendale: a search for Richard III’s secretary’, a series of notes fromT be Ricardian, vols 5 and 6, repr. in Richard III, Crown and People, pp. 224—38. ‘Richard, Duke of Gloucester, and the battle of Barnet’, a series of notes from T he Ricardz'an,vol. 5, repr. in Richard III, Crown and People, pp. 258—59. With RW. Hammond: Richard III: the Road to Bow/01th Field, London. With R.C. Hairsine: ‘Richard III at Canterbury’, 21series of notes fromThe Ricardz'an, vol. 5, repr. Richard III, mn and People, pp. 343—48.

1986 “‘A curious searcher for our weal public”: Richard III, piety, chivalry and the concept of the “good prince” ’, in Loyd/y, larch/12p and Law, ed. RW. Ham- mond, London, rcpt. 2000. ‘Richard Gowle, supplier of mercery to Richard III and Queen Anne Neville’, The Ricardz'an, vol. 7, pp. 238—45. ‘William Shore, merchant of Derby and London’, Transaction: 0f the Derlyxhim Arc/Jaeologiml Sapient,vol. 106, pp. 127—39. With L. Visser—Fuchs: ‘Richard III’s books:I. T be Baoke of Gostble Grace of Mechtild of Hackeborn’, The Ricardian, vol. 7, pp. 287—92. ‘Richard III’s books: II. A collection of romances and Old Testament stories: 1 Ipamedon’, The Ricardian, vol. 7, pp. 327—32.

xvi BIBLIOGRAPHY

1987 With L. Visser-Fuchs: ‘Richard III’s books: II. A collection of romances and Old Testament stories: 2. Old Testament Stories [and] 3. The Siege of Tbebe: by John Lydgate’, The Rimrdian, vol. 7, pp. 371—85. ‘Richard III’s books: II. A collection of romances and Old Testament stories: 4. Paley/Ion andAm'te and Grim/d4 by Geoffrey Chaucer [and] 5. The collection and its purpose’, The Ricardian, vol. 7, pp. 421—36. ‘Richard III’s books: IV. Vegeu'us’ De Re Mlitari’, The Ricardian,vol. 7, pp. 541—52.

1988 “‘And to be delivered to the Lord Richard, Duke of Gloucester, the other brother. . .’”, Tbe Rimrdian, vol. 8, pp. 20—25. With L. Visser—Fuchs: ‘Richard III’s books: V. Aegidius Romanus’ De Regimz'ne Prinapufli, T he Ricardian, vol. 8, pp. 61—73. ‘Richard III’s books: VI. the Anonymous or Fitzhugh chronicle’, The Ricardian, vol. 8, pp. 104—19. ‘Richard III’s books: VII. Guido delle Colonne’s Historia Dextrmtz'om': T miae and VIII. Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Htoria Regan: Britanniae,with T be Pmp/Jegl of the Eagle and Commentary’, T be Rimrdian,vol. 8, pp. 136—48. Dyan/ta we lie. another userof this motto’, T be Ricardian,vol. 8, pp. 120—21.

1989 ‘The early linen and worsted industry of Norfolk and the evolution of the London Mercers’ Company’, Nada/k Archaeo/oy, vol. 40, pp. 201—25. With L. Visser-Fuchs: ‘Richaxd III’s books: VII.Guido delle Colonne’s Htoria Dextmm'oni: Traiae’, The Ricardian,vol. 8, pp. 190—96. ‘Richard III’s books: VIII. Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia Begum Bn'tan'niae with T he Propbegl qft/Je Eagle and Commentary. The Prophecy and Commen- tary’, The Ricardz'an, vol. 8, pp. 217—24, 290—304, 351—62. ‘Richard III and St Julian: a new myth’, The Ricardz'an, vol. 8, pp. 265—70.

1990 With L. Visser-Fuchs: T be Hour: ofRickard III, Stroud, rcpt. 1996. ‘Richaxd III’s books: VII and VIII. Guido delle Colonne’s I-fixtaria Demmliam': T mine and Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Hixtaria Begum Britanniae,with T he Proph- eg: of tbe Eagle and Commentary. The interest of these books to Richard III and later owners, T be Rimrdian,vol. 8, pp. 403—13. ‘The prophecy of G’, The Ricardian,vol. 8, pp. 449—50. With L. Visser—Fuchs and L. Dennison, ‘Richaxd III’s books:1X. The Grande: Cbmnz'qzm de Frame, T he Rimrdz'an,vol. 8, pp. 494—514.

.. BIBLIOGRAPHY

1991 With L. Visser—Fuchs: ‘Richaxd III’s books: X. The Prme T mtan 771a Ritardian, vol. 9, pp. 23—37. ‘Richatd III’s books: XI. Raymond Lull’s Order qhz'm/y, translated by William Caxton’, 17);:Rimrdian, vol. 9, pp. 110—29. ‘Richatd III’s books: XII. William Worcester’s Bolee of Nob/em and his collection of documents on the war in Normandy’, T be Ricardz'an,vol. 9, pp. 154—65.

1992 ‘Merchants, music and social harmony: the London Puy and its London and French contexts’, T be London journal, vol. 17, pp. 1—17. With L. Visser-Fuchs: ‘The dark dragon of the Normans: a creation of Geoffrey of Monmouth, Stephen of Rouen, and Merlin Silvester’, Quondam et Futums, vol. 2, pp. 1—19. ‘Richard III’s books: XIII. Chivaln'c ideals and rcality’, The Rimrdian, vol. 9, pp. 190—205. “‘Richard liveth yet”: an old myth’, The Ricardian, vol. 9, pp. 266—69. ‘Richard III’s books: mistaken attributions: T be Dim: oft/1e Philoxopbm, trans- lated by Anthony Woodville; the Ellemzm Cbamer’,The Ricardian,vol. 9, pp. 303—10. ‘Richard III’s books: ancestry and “true nobility” ’, The Rimrdian, vol. 9, pp. 343—58..

1993 ‘The court and its culture in the reign of Rict III’, in J. Gillingham, ed., Richard III A Medieval Kings/11p,ch. 5, pp. 75—91. ‘Order and fashion in clothes: the king, his household and the city of London at the end of the fifteenth century,’ Textile flistogl, vol. 22 (for1991), pp. 253—76 (this volume of Textile I-Iistogl was also published as Fabric: and FM/Jiom. Studio: in the Economicand Sada/117mm!of Dim, ed. N.B. Harte). With L. Visser-Fuchs: ‘Richard III’s books observed’, 17» Ritardian, vol. 9, pp. 374—88.

1994 ‘Alice Claver, silkwoman, died 1489’, in Medieval London Widow: 1350— 1500, ed. C.M. Barton and AF. Sutton, London, pp. 129—42. ‘Lady Joan Bradbury (d. 1530)’, in Medieval Landon Widow: 1350—1500, pp. 209—38. ‘Caxton was a mercer: his friends and social milieu’, in England in the Fzfieent/J- Centugl. Promding: qf the 1992 Harlaxton Symosium, Harlaxton Medieval Studies IV, ed. N. Rogers, Stamford, pp. 118—48. “For the honour,pry/it and eaxe of the Mimg: in time to tame": T he Mertm’ Comparyl’: Fin! Charter;13 jammy! 1394, Mercers’ Company, London. With L. Visser—Fuchs: BIBLIOGRAPHY

‘The making of a minor London chxonicle in the household of Sir Thomas Frowyk (died 1485)’, T be Ricardian, vol. 10, pp. 86-103, 198—99. “‘A most benevolent queen”: Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s reputation, her piety and her books’, The Rimrdian, vol. 10, pp. 214—45. With L. Visser—Fuchs and RW. Hammond: ‘The reburial of Richard, Duke of York, 21—30 July 1476’, The Rimrdian, vol. 10, pp. 122—65.

1995 ‘Civic livery in medieval London: the serjeants’, Coxtume, vol. 29, pp. 1—24. ‘The Tumbling Bear and its patrons: a venue for the London Puy and the Mercery’, in London and Eumpe in the Later [Middle Agar, ed. Julia Boffey and Pamela King, London, pp. 85—110. ‘The Mercery Trade and the Mercers Company of London from the 11305 to 1350’, unpub. PhD thesis, University of London 1995. With L. Visser-Fuchs: ‘Choosing a book in late fifteenth-century England and Burgundy’ in C. Barton and N. Saul, eds, England and the Low Countrie: in tbe Late [Middle Age:, Stroud and New York, rcpt. 1998, pp. 61—98. With M.L. Kekewich, C. Richmond, L. Visser-Fuchs, J.L. Watts, eds: T he Politic: of Fzfieent/J-CentuyEngland: john Vale‘: Book, Stroud.

1996 With L. Visser-Fuchs: ‘Richard III’s books: XIV. Pietro Carmeliano’s early publications: his Spring, the filter: of Pin/an}, and his 1472:of St Katherine dedicated to Richard III’, The Rimnfian, vol. 10, pp. 346—86. ‘Richard of Gloucester and “la grosse bombarde’”, I719 Rimrdian, vol. 10, pp. 461—65. ‘The cult of angels in late fifteenth-century England: an hoursof the guardian angel presented to Queen Elizabeth Woodville’, in Women and the Book: Amm'ng the Vimal Evidence, ed. JHHM. Taylor and L. Smith, British Library, pp. 230—65. With L. Visser—Fuchs and RW. Hammond: 1711:Rebun'al oj'Ritbard, Duke of York, 21—301149 1476, London.

1997 ‘John Skirwith, king’s pointsmaker, 1461-(?)86, and leatherseller of London’, T/JeRimrdian, vol. 11, pp. 69—78. ‘Mercery through fourcenturies, 11305 to c.1500’, Nottingham Medieval Studiex, vol. 41, pp. 100—25. With L. Visser-Fuchs: Richard III’: Boob: Ideal: and Realty in the 1e and Libragl of 4 Medieval Prime, Stroud. ‘The device of Queen Elizabeth Woodville: a gillyflower or pink’, T he Ricardian, vol. 11, pp. 17—24.

xix BIBLIOGRAPHY

' 1998 I Sing of A Maiden. The Stop: of the Mercers’Maiden, Mercers’ Company, London. A Merchant11mg, of Couentgl,London and Calm}: the T am, 1450: to 1520:, Mercers’ Company, London. ‘Dress and fashions c. 1470’, in Dai_lyLtfi in the Late Middle Ages, ed R. Britnell, Stroud, pp. 5—26. ‘The silent years of London guild history before 1300: the case of the Mercers’, I-Iixtoriml Renard], vol. 71, pp. 121—41. With L. Visser-Fuchs: ‘The royal burials of the house of Yorkat Windsor, I: Edward IV’, The Ricardz'an, vol. 11, pp. 366—407.

1999 ‘Some aspects of the linen trade 6. 113305 to 1500, and the part played by the Mercers of London’, Textile I-Iz'xtogt,vol. 30, pp. 155—75. With L. Visser-Fuchs: ‘The royal burials of the house of Yorkat Windsor, II: Princess Mary, May 1482, and Queen Elizabeth Woodville, June 1492’, The Ricardian, vol. 11, pp. 446—62. ‘Laments for the death of Edward IV’, Nae Ricardz'an,vol. 11, pp. 506—24. ‘Richard III and the Knave of Cards: an illuminator’s model in manuscript and print, 14405 to 14905’, The Antiquariexjaumal, vol. 79, pp. 257—99.

2000 ‘Malory in Newgate: a new document’,T be Libragl, 7th series, vol. 1, pp. 244—62.

2001 ‘The shop floor of the London mercery trade, 61200—51500: the marginalisation of the artisan, the itinerant mercer and the shopholder’, Nottingham Medieval Studies, vol. 45, pp. 12—50. With L. Visser—Fuchs: “‘Chevalcrie . . . in som panic is worthi forto be comendid, and in som part to ben amendid”: chivalry and the Yorkist kings’, in St George’: Chapel, Idror, in the Efleent/J Centugl, ed. C. Richmond and E. Scarff, Windsor, pp. 107—33.

2002 ‘The Merchant Adventurers of England: their origins and the Mercers’ Com- pany of London’, I-fixton'ml Kmart/J, vol. 75, pp. 25—46. With Livia Visser—Fuchs: "I'he ‘Reward of Aesop” and a miracle of St Osmund in St George’s Chapel, Windsor’, in Wndwr. MedievalArchaeology, Art and Artbitetture of the T balm: Valley, ed. L. Keen and E. Scarff, The British Archaeological Association Conference Transactions 25, pp. 138—45.

XX Illustrations

The ‘pedigree’ of Jane with the Blemyssh. 20 Freston Tower from the north-east, 1823. 49 Gold and claironne’enamel plaque, French (Paris), 1280—1300. 102 Drawing of an enamelled ‘tablet’ or diptych. English or French, 1325-50. 104 Leopard’s head hallmark-detail on a silver spoon. English (.1450. 106 Impressions of the seal of Eleanor of Castile, first wife of Edward I. 109 Impressions of the seal of Margaret of France, second wife of Edward I. 111 The obverse of the seal matrix of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, as Admiral 115 for Dorset and Somerset. An impression fromthe seal of Richard, Duke of Gloucester,as Admiral for 116 Dorset and Somerset. Sixteenth-century portrait of Giovanni Gigli. Lucca, S. Michele in Foro. 128 Sixteenth-century portrait of Silvestto Gigli. Lucca, S. Michele in Foro. 135 Remains of the tomb of Silvesuo Gigli, Lucca, S. Michele in Foro. 143 The Merode Altarpiece. Robert Campin (Master of Flemalle). 197 The Canterbugy Talex. British Library MS Lansdowne 851, f. 2. 197 Christine de Pizan, Hm blgymet/J the bake qf t/Je gite (y'ladyex,trans. B. Anslay. 197 London, Henry Pepwell, 26 October 1521. St Anne with the Virgin and the Christ Child. Master of Frankfurt, 1511/ 198 1515. Life of Clm'J't. Dutch, dim 1470. Fitzwilliam Museum MS 25, f. 1. 198 The Image of Pity. William Bonde, T 12¢e for them that hen gramme (1534?). 199 Beaufort Hours.English, circa 1401. British Library MS Royal 2 A xviii, f. 23. 199 Woman donor. Hoursof the Virgin, Pierpont Morgan Library MS M. 365, f. 200 15v. Nun praying. Hoursof the Virgin for Saturn use, t'. 1460? Trinity College MS 200 13.11.20, f. 16v. Title page. 771a Ortharde ofé'yon. London, Wynkyn de Words, 1519. 200 The Dome Triptych (centre panel). Hans Memling, 1477. 201 Berkeley Hours, 1440-50. Pierpont Morgan Library MS Glazier G. 9, f. 161. 201 Jerome, Vzta: Patmm, trans. William Caxton. Westminster, Wynkyn de Worde, 202 1495. Apocalypse, written by David Aubert, illuminated by the Master of Mary of 202 Burgundy. 1470. Pierpont Morgan Library MS M. 484, f. 53. Map of part of southern Suffolk and northEssex, showing Nayland, 206 Stoke-by—Nayland and other neighbouring communities. Lord John Scrope’s grant of half an acre for a graveyard around St James’s 208 chapel, Nayland, 1429. Map of the riverside town of Nayland, 1904. 213 Henry V as Prince of Wales and (?)John Mowbray, 2"d Duke of Norfolk. 222 British Library MS Amndel 38, f. 37. Brasses of John and Joan Leventhorpe, Sawbridgeworm, Hens (1448?). 297 Brasses of William and Joyce Robert, Digswell, Herts (1484). 298 Brass of Margaret Shelley, Hunsdon, Herts (1495). 300 Brass of Elizabeth Mattock, Hitchin, Herts (1485). 301

xxi ABBREVIATIONS

Brassof Joan Mateys, Sheldwich, Kent (1431). 302 Tomb of Alice Chaucer, Ewelme, Oxfordshire (1475). 305 Tomb of Alice Chaucer, Ewelme, Oxfordshire (1475), detail of lower effigy. 307 Map of the geographical distribution of Henry VII's ‘forced loan’ of 1496. 318 Brass of Thomas Totyngton, Hedgerley, Bucks. 409 Brassof Thomas Edon, Hedgerley, Bucks. 410 Fragment of Resurrection, Hedgerley, Bucks. 412 Fragment of pontifical figure, Hedgerley, Bucks. 413 The side of John Baret’s tomb. St Mary’s Church, Bury St Edmunds. 421 Wooden panel with John Baret’s coat of arms.St Mary’s Church, Bury 424 St Edmunds. One of the panels from the ceiling of John Baret’s chantry chapel. St Mary’s 429 Church, Bury St Edmunds.

Abbreviations

BIHR Bulletin of the Imtitule of Historical Research. BjRL Bulletin of the john lamir Unit/mfg! Libragl qamlmter. BodlL Bodleian Library, Oxford. C CIJR Calendar of Charter Rolls. C CR Calendar of Close Rolls. CFR Calendar of Fine Rolls. ‘Choosing a book’ A.F. Sutton and L. Visser-Fuchs, ‘Choosing a book in late fifteenth-century England and Burgundy’, in C. Barton and N. Saul, eds, England and the Low Countries in the late Middle Agar, Stroud 1995, repr. 1998. Comnalion A.F. Sutton and RW. Hammond, eds, The Comnafian of Richard 111. T be Extant Dommetm, New Yorkand Gloucester 1983. CP GE. Cockayne, V. Gibbs et 41., eds, 7719Carlyle» Peerage, 13 vols, London 1910—98. CPR Calendar of Patent Rollr. CS Camden Society. DNB Dimming! qatimml Biography,22 vols, Oxford 1917 (1973). - ‘ EETS, OS, ES, SS Early English Text Society, Original, Extra, or Supplementary Series. EHR English I-Iiston'mlReview. Emden, Cambridge A.B. Emden, ed., A Biographical Dictionag! qf the Unit/wig! of Cambridge to A.D. 1500, Cambridge 1963. Emden, 0.40mi AB. Emden, ed., A BiograpbimlDitfionagi aft/19 Unit/mfg! (1 Oxford to AD 1500, 3 vols, Oxford1957—59. Harl. 433 R.E. Horrox and RW. Hammond, eds, Brim/J Library; Harleian Mariam?! 433, 4 vols, Upminstcr and London 1979-83. HMC Historical Manuscripts Commission. ABBREVIATIONS

Hour: qf RIII A.F. Sutton and L. Visser—Fuchs,He Haur: (y’Ritbard III, Stroud1990, pb 1996. john Vale': Book ML. Kekewich, C. Richmond, A.F. Sutton, L. Visser-Fuchs, J.L. Watts,eds, 1712 Polilit: (y'Ffiieentb Centuy Engbml' john Vale’: Book, Gloucester 1995. (n.)s. (new) series. Letter: and Papm 1.5. Brewer, J. Gairdner and RH. Brodie, eds, utter: and HVIII Papm, Foreign and Dammit,of the Reign qfHang! W11, 1509— 1547, 21 vols, London 1862—1932. Miter: and Paper: R111 fitter: and Paper: Illmtrafiue oft/1e Reign: ofRichard III and and H177] Hang! VII, ed. J. Gairdner, 2 vols, London 1861—63. Material: Hang! WI Materialtfor a Hittogr of the Reign qengy VII, ed. W. Campbell, 2 vols, London 1873—77. PCC Probate Court of Canterbury. PRO Public Record Office. PSIA Pmceeding: ofthe Stflolk Imfilute ofArtbaea/ag and Hixtoy. Rebtm'al A.F. Sutton and L. Visser—Fuchs, with PAW. Hammond, 7712 Rebtm'a/ afRitlJard,Duke of York, 21-30]ub 1476, London 1996. Ross, Edward C. Ross, Edward IV, London 1974. Ross, Ric/14rd C. Ross,Ridmrd [11, London 1981. RIII Bank; A.F. Sutton and L Visser—Fuchs, Richard III’: Boob. Idealr and Realty in the Lfe and Libragyqf 4 Medieval Prince,Stroud 1997. RP J. Sttachey e! 41.,eds, Rom/i Parliamentamm,6 vols, London 1832. RS Rolls Series. Scoficld, Edward, C.L. Scofield, 7711: ié and Reign of Edward the Fourth,2 vols, London 1923. SROB Suffolk Record Office, Bury branch. .57"C AW. Pollard and GR. Redgrave,A Short-27th Catalogue q/ Baal-J Printed in England Stat/and and Ireland . . . 1475-1640, vols 1 and 2 revised by W.F. Jackson, F.S. Ferguson and K. Pantzer, London 1986, 1976, vol. 3 by K. Pantzer, with a chronological index by ER. Rider, London 1991. RIM/”emu Vetmta N.H. Nicolas, ed., DIM/21mm Vetmta, London 1826. Tymms, Will: S. Tymms, Will: and InuentafieIfivm [be Regirter:the 0f Commiuagt ofBug: .S't Edmund: and the Art/JdeamnSudbugy, of Camden Society, Old Series 49, 1850. UL University Library. Wedgwood, Bingrapbie:J.C. Wedgwood and AD. Holt, Hixtoy 1! Parliament,1439— 1509, 2 vols, London 1936—8, vol. 1, Bingrapbie: 9f the Member: ofthe Common: Home.