To help your nomination be successful, please fill out this form with as much information as ~s9lt\I NATION Feel free to expand the answer fields as much as you require or append information to the form. It is important that you attach images and a map of what you are nominating by email or by fax. Please note that places which have been nominated during the past three years will not be reconsidered by the South Australian Heritage Council unless you can provide significant new information not provided through the previous nomination and assessment. For assistance with this form you may contact: Your local historical society or heritage adviser may be of assistance OR you may telephone an assessment officer in DEWNR on (08) 8124 4960.

A. Nominated Place

1. Name Name of Place I Object: Lochiel Park House Any other or former name(s): Until about 1880 known as "Lochin", but thereafter consistently called "Lochiel Park", or "Lochiel". (Although among Hobbs family descendants often referred to colloquially as "Hobbs House".) Recommended name is "Lochiel Park House" to avoid confusion with the adiacent Lochiel Park oreen villaoe. Is the place already on another It is listed in the Register of Local Heritage Places, No. 7892. heritage list? It was Classified by the National Trust, together with neighbouring "Lochend", in 1979. (File 27 43, April 1979). Lochend received State Heritage registration on 8 November 1984, Heritage Number 7969. Lochiel Park House was also listed in the Heritage Survey of the City of Campbel/town. Department of Environment and Natural Resources. November 1996, Page 127, Reference CAM:011.

2. Location Street Address: Lot 303 Brookway Avenue (previously 70 Hill Street) Suburb I Town: Campbelltown Post Code: 5074 Local Council Name: CAMPBELLTO WN Land Description: Title: Volume: Folio: Parcel Type: Parcel No: (if known) Crown Record 6002 4 Plan Type: Plan No: Section: Hundred: DP 73212 309 ADELAIDE GPS Location/s: Longitude I Easting I X I Latitude I Northing I Y (Datum = ) (If known) 138.652 E 34.887 s

3. Ownership Name of Owner(s):

Contact person: (if different from owner explain relationship) Postal Address:

Phone Number: Ownership History: Built in 1876 for David Mundy; architect Daniel Garlick, builder Baker & Humbley. The property purchased by Mundy in 1875 was the same as that bought in 1842 by Charles Campbell, after whom Campbelltown is named, and on which he built Lochend House. Lochend, about 300 metres from Lochiel Park House, remained in the ossession of Mund and of subs uent

Pagel 4. Nominators (details) Your Names:

B. Description

5. Description of nominated place or obiect Description of the nominated place or object and Described in the State Heritage Register as follows: "Dwelling its current condition: facades with rendered quoins and moulded decorative surrounds, roof, chimneys, Bay window to front, concave return verandah on timber posts at ground floor level and small balcony over front entrance at fi rst fl oor level." Notable trees are also listed including Eucalyptus, Pinus, Cedrous. Palms. Araucaria, Olives and Jacaranda. Historic photograph shows the building had cast iron decorative lace around the extensive verandah, with patterns very similar or identical in design to some other notable early buildings in Adelaide (see Attachment E). Only the decorative lace on the balcony remains. The building structure is generally very sound and highly attractive, although in need of restoration including painting and the replacement of some external timbers. Interior has many decorative features; incl uding grand staircase, arched doorways, stained glass, pressed iron ceilings, plasterwork, etc; but somewhat degraded and over-painted during institutional use. Internal walls put in place during the building's institutional phase are non-structural and would be easily removed. The surrounding grounds have received minimal maintenance; but the situation, aspect and appearance of the building and grounds, adjacent to Lochend House and overlooking the State Government-initiated Lochiel Park model green village development and the River Torrens, is striking. The foundations of a circular fountain facing the front steps of the building are clearly visible. (See Attachment B, C, D and E for Maps and Photographs)

Page2 Are you aware of any modifications or additions · c en and to the place or obj ect? bathrooms, are available in the 1979 National Tru st nomination. Can you provide dates for these changes? State Government record s may contain other valuable information concerning the ori ginal conditi on, fittings, history, and provenance of the building, as well as additional information regarding the history of its institutional use. Some relatively minor structural additions have been made to the rear of the buildin Do you believe there may be historical items Not known. under the ground? Should an archaeological investi ation be considered? Possibl . Date you inspected the place or object: The exterior and grounds have been inspected periodically by

Current use of the place or object:

Original or former use(s): Residential dwelling, since the 1950s used interm ittently for the care of mentally disabled and disadvantaged children and other

Are there any current or long term threats Contained within a larger government-owned property, either to the nominated place or object? side of Brockway Drive. May possibly be under consideration for develo ment. Name of Builder: Baker & Humbley Any other information: Newspaper advertisements in 1876 and 1877 show that the architect was Daniel Garlick. He sought tenders to build a residence, "Lochine Park", in Campbelltown, and advised that plans were available. The Register announced its completion on 1 January 1878 as follows: "Mr D. Mundy has had a very handsome villa residence erected at Lochin Park, which has a fi ne commanding appearance, and is provided with every convenience. It is surrounded by a spaci ous ornamental verandah, and has a lookout on the roof. The contractors were Messrs. Baker & Humbley, and the cost amounted to about £3,000. ... Mr. D. Garlick was the architect."

C. History

6. Origins and history Years of Construction: Start: 1876 Finish: 1877 Name of Designer I Architect: Daniel Garlick, the eminent and prolific designer of several of South Australia's prominent colonial buildings, many of which already have State Heritage status. Described as "one of the colony's most notable architects" and "one of the fathers of South Australian architecture and also of the South Australian Institute of Architects" (in Michael Page, Sculptors in Space: South Australian Architects 1836-1986, 1986).

Page3 SA Heritage Register Nomination form

History of the nominated place or object: The Friends of Lochiel Park, the Campbelltown Historical Society, and other researchers have assembled a wealth of information about the history of the building and its eminent and very interesting residents. A summary of this information is in Attachment A. It should be emphasised that this dwelling relates intimately to State Heritage-registered “Lochend” which is part of the same Section originally owned by Charles James Fox Campbell and sold in turn to James Scott, David Mundy, Jonah Hobbs, and the Department of Children’s Welfare and its successors. Lochend has been restored by the City of Campbelltown, with generous funding from the Federal and State governments and support from the Campbelltown Historical Society and a number of other local organisations. Together, Lochend and Lochiel Park House provide an eloquent representation of the historical origins, economy, and culture of the wider Campbelltown and north-east Adelaide region, centred on the fertile river flats in the valley of the River Torrens; from the first years of colonial settlement to the present day. Their presence adjoining the government-sponsored and award-winning Lochiel Park green village, and its surrounding gardens and wetlands on the south bank of the Torrens, forms an extensive and important historical and environmental precinct which is unique and of State-level significance. The importance of the view lines between Lochiel Park House and Lochend, and its inclusion within the Lochiel Park precinct, is indicated by the maps on pages 4 and 5 of Attachment B depicting the Lochiel Park Lands. The development also includes, appropriately, an aboriginal sculpture garden (Bulto Ityangga Traces) acknowledging the Kaurna heritage of this area. Historical sources used to support your Copious information has been assembled from a thorough nomination: search of contemporary newspapers, as well as many other Please attach copies of pages from publications or references and publications (including a Hobbs family history). newspaper articles as appropriate. These extensive sources are listed in Attachment G. Newspaper sources are fully referenced in Attachment A and in separate more comprehensive files, with active links to the Trove Digitised Newspapers database maintained by the National Library of Australia.

Page 4 D. Heritage Significance

7. Statement of State Significance· Why is the place or object important to South Australia? It is of State level heritage significance because: 1. It has a contiguous location and shared history with State Heritage-registered Lochend House. and a shared boundary with the innovative and successful State-sponsored and funded Lochiel Park model green village. Together these three major sites form a continuous historical, cultural and environmental precinct and were all part of a single agricultural and horticultural landscape. They were all, in fact, part of a single property - Lochiel Park - that remains essentially intact from the earliest period of European settlement to the present day. Lochiel Park House is an integral part of this landscape historically and geographically. In terms of protection and preservation it is the remaining piece of the jigsaw puzzle that has yet to be secured for the future. 2. Even in its unrestored state Lochiel Park House it is a well-preserved and structurally-intact building, designed by a renowned and acclaimed architect of South Australia's early colonial period, many of whose extant buildings already have State Heritage listing. It is architecturally meritorious and of great aesthetic appeal both in itself and because of its commanding situation overlooking and uniting the rest of the precinct. 3. Furtherm ore. its two main owners and occupants, David Mundy and Jonah Hobbs, were both prominent and influential actors in the State's history who played a major role in its pastoral, horticultural, and fruitgrowing industries, and were important benefactors and patrons for churches and many other causes. David Mundy was one of the earliest pioneers to arrive in South Australia. (He was included in the photographic collage "The Old Colonists Banquet Group".) Before building Lochiel Park House. he spent many years developing extensive pastoral properties in the north-east of the State, and later accumulated significant other valuable properties and mansions in the Adelaide area, including Ellangowan in St. Peters (no longer extant) and Durnford House in Largs (extant). Jonah Hobbs - an industrious and inspirati onal figure, and gardener par excellence - developed from modest beginnings a very large-scale fruit tree nursery which became "one of the largest cultivators of fruit trees near Adelaide". This nursery was instrumental in ending South Australia's reliance on other States for imported fruit and fruit trees, and one of the major suppliers for the expansion of the fruitgrowing industry in South Australia. Jonah Hobbs' Lochiel Park orange orchard was also repeatedly described as the largest or among the largest in the State. He. and his son Harris Hobbs, played a leading role over many decades in the Royal Agricultural and Horticultural Society (becoming Vice-President and Chairman respectively); and also in the East End Market and the South Australian Fruitgrowers' Association. Jonah Hobbs was described as "one of the best known and most high respected [names] in the district surrounding Payneham for over hatf a century". 4. Newspaper accounts record that David Mundy, Jonah Hobbs, and Frank Hobbs hosted numerous large-scale and memorable vi sits to the grounds of their property by visiting politicians. dignitaries, church groups, strawberry fetes, unionists' picnics, sporting groups, etc. etc - illustrating the significance of the locality not just for the Campbelltown distri ct but also for the wider Adelaide region. These events. and others in more recent years, are described and listed in Attachment A and Attachment F. 5. If for no other reason. Lochiel Park House should also be preserved and remembered, after it was purchased by the State Government. for its outstanding contri bution over more than half a century to the care and education of large numbers of disadvantaged children.

In conclusion, the significance of Lochiel Park House at the State level and beyond is demonstrated by its critical linkages to the early settlement of the Adelaide region, to the pastoral and horticultural development of the State. to the government's child welfare programmes, and to numerous State-level organisations including the Royal Agricultural and Horti cultural Soci ety, the East-End Market, the S.A. Fruitgrowers Association, the Anglican and Methodist Churches, the Liquor Trades Employees, the S.A. Lawn Bowling Association. the S.A. Scouts movement, the Royal Society for the Blind, and especially to the South Australian Department of Children's Welfare and its successors. During the last 70 years of its long history Lochiel Park provided training and care to many hundreds of young people and adolescents from all areas of the State with intellectual and behavioural disabilities. The preservation of this histori c and elegant House - built 140 years ago for David and Rose Mundy - would secure the major heritage and cultural value of the site for Adelaide and for South Australians. The house and grounds could potentially be used by current and future generations for a wide range of social, cultural, historical, and community purposes.

Page5 Probably more important than any of these intrinsically valuable attributes, however, t e omina ors emphasise again their strong view that Lochiel Park House must be preserved for future generations because of its integral and intimate relationship with contiguous and historically antecedent Lochend House and with a 21 51 century symbol of the State's commitment to environmental sustainability namely the Lochiel Park green village. Both of these sites would be incomplete without Lochiel Park House, the remaining jewel in the crown that currently lacks the protection warranted by its heritage significance. In terms of the Significance Criteria addressed below, this aspect is perhaps captured most explicitly in Criteria 2 and 4. For additional detail about Lochiel Park House's State level si nificance see Attachment H.

8. Significance Criteria

The South Australian Heritage Places Act 1993 lists seven criteria by which places are assessed as 'State signifi cant.' Please tick the criteria you feel the place demonstrates and explain your reasons.

~ 1. It demonstrates important We believe this criterion is clearly met. The history of Lochiel Park aspects of the evolution or House (and Lochend) provides a tangible illustration of the early pattern of the State's history. development of north-eastern Adelaide and the upper reaches of the Torrens Ri ver valley; and especially of the development of this area as the State's principal region duri ng the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries for the horticultural, fruitgrowing and market gardening industri es, before the onset of high-density urban development. ~ 2. It has rare, uncommon or This criterion is met to a high degree. It is picturesquely located near the endangered qualities that are of banks of the Torrens in a striki ng and beautiful natural setting. No other cultural significance. histori c mansion in this part of Adelaide can ri val it in this respect. Its rarity is also related to its vital linkage to neighboring Lochend House. On its own merits, it is one of this distri ct's very few surviving histori c bluestone mansions financed by the profits of the pastoral industry of north-eastern South Australia and of the agri cultural and horticultural industries in the Torrens valley. It has evident architectural merit and provenance and, importantly, it remains in public ownership. For these reasons, it is highly valued by local government and by the citizens of this distri ct. The lack of development immediately in front and to both sides of the house provide a unique opportunity to retain a grand house in a grand setting and to recreate the ori ginal garden that complemented its striking design. ~ 3. It may yield information that The abundant and carefully-documented informati on available about the will contribute to an House's occupants and their achievements, pursuits, and inter- understanding of the State's relati onships with the community, provide considerable scope to inform and history, including its natural educate the public, incl uding youth and students, about important aspects history. of the State's economic and social history, colonial architecture, and natural environment. Further signifi cant informati on about the history and characteristi cs of the property will undoubtedly accumulate as research progresses in the future. We believe this criterion is amply and fully met, especially in view of the rich and fascinating inform ation that has already emerged from research to date. The preservation of this building would help to raise awareness among the community and other visitors of the colonial history and cultural development of the region.

~ 4. It is an outstanding It is an outstanding example of early colonial residential architecture, and representative of a particular especially of rural villa architecture in the outlying distri cts of metropolitan class of places of cultural Adelaide. It is situated commandingly in its unique physical environment, significance. and will be (especially following restoration) of significant historical, cultural and educational interest for local, state, inter-state and even international visitors and organisations. This criterion is met to a high degree.

Page6 IZI 5. It demonstrates a high degree of creative, aesthetic or technical accomplishment or is an an iconic visual focus within the Lochiel Park precinct. The building and outstanding representative of grounds, including native and exotic trees of considerable age and stature, particular construction are of great aestheti c appeal. An impressive avenue of tall palms slopes techniques or design downhill from the broad steps of the front verandah toward the Torrens, characteristics. faci ng a circular fountain that could be reconstructed from historic photographs. The same photographs illustrate the patterns of cast iron lace around the base and roofl ine of the verandah, which should be reinstated to further enhance the already considerable attractiveness of the building. Highlighting of architectural features with appropriate paintwork true to the character of the period would add further to its appeal. Similar enhancement could be achieved of architecturally significant internal features incl uding arches, plasterwork. and the wooden staircase. This criterion is clearly met, and would be even more evident after restoration. IZI 6. It has strong cultural or This criterion is also met to a high degree. Lochiel Park, as the symbolic spiritual associations for the "birthplace" of Campbelltown. is of great significance and meaning to the community or a group members of the community in the surrounding district. More than sufficient within it. information is available about the people and events associated with the building and grounds to "bring it to life" for visitors. From a spiritual perspective, the contributi on of the Mundy family to the St. Martin's Anglican church of Campbelltown and the contribution of the Hobbs family to the Payneham and Campbelltown Methodist churches. would have important meaning for those sectors of the community. It would also be of emotional and experiential significance for former disadvantaged youth, and for staff, during the period of Government ownership. In addition. the site has significance for the aboriginal community and the Kaurna people due to its shared landscape with adjacent Bulto ltyangga Traces aboriginal sculpture garden. IZJ 7. It has a special association This criterion is fully met as has been extensively demonstrated in the with the life or work of a person information provided elsewhere in this nomination, and especially as or organisation or an event of documented in Attachment A. Jonah Hobbs was a towering fi gure in the historical importance. horti cultural history of this district and of the State. The contributions of Jonah and his family to the community and the State deserve to be recognised and honoured. Lochiel Park House also has a very special associ ation with the efforts of the Departm ent of Children's Welfare and successors in supporting the needs of disadvantaged and disabled children; for all those who before government ownership lived such interesting and rewarding lives within and beyond its confines; as well as for their many contemporary descendants who continue to take a very keen interest in the history of their forebears and in the preservation of Lochiel Park House itsetf.

E. Additional Information

9. lmaaes/Maps/Diaarams/Site Plans A full range of images including maps, site plans, and photographs will help your nomination. Please provide: • a clear outline of the place or object being nominated within any maps or plans provided • high quality images of the place or object (please list the total number of images being provided) • the subject of each image • the date each image was created

Page 7 NOMINATION FORM

the author of each image. and • the copyright holder of each image (if known)

Paste images here: See Attachments A, B, c. D. and E.

The South Australian Heritage Council is committed to transparency in relation to the listing process and wishes to enhance public confidence in the nomination. listing and decision-making process. The Council's policy is to make nominations for State heritage listing and submissions on provisional entries publicly available via webpage or to interested parties. The Council will adhere to the Privacy Principles and your name and personal details will not be released.

Lochiel Park House to be added to the State Heritage Register. The information we have provided is correct to our knowledge.

Your Signatures: Date:

A heritage officer may contact you to discuss aspects of the nomination.

Nomination Form Checklist Please c heck that your nomination includes: ISJA clear indication of the location of the place or object (including map/s). Where a number of features are nominated, show the location of each and/or a boundary surrounding the significant elements of the site. [2SJ A history of the place or object explaining important aspects relevant to the nomination. This should generally help support arguments of cultural significance. [2JA clear description of the nominated place or objecUs. 12JA statement of significance and indication on how the place or object satisfies one or more of the significance criteria. ~A heritage officer may contact you to discuss aspects of lhe nomination.

Email: [email protected] au Post: Executive Officer. South Australian Heritage Council Department of Environment. Water and Natural Resources GPO Box 1047, Adelaide 5001 Lochiel Park House and Its Residents (Attachment A)

David and Rose Mundy (1875 - 1898)

Old Colonists Banquet Group David Mundy Picturesquely situated on a small rise overlooking fertile river flats near the banks of the River Torrens in present-day Campbelltown, Lochiel Park House was built in 1876 for David Mundy. He had recently married, on 29 January 1874, to Rose Newberry. Born about 1832 in Fyfield, Hampshire, he arrived in South Australia with his parents on the Diadem in November 1840, and is pictured among other first settlers in the Old Colonists Banquet Group (above left). His father William and mother Lucy subsequently held the license for the Bell Inn in Gilbert Street. In Pastoral Pioneers of South Australia, David is described as one of the original holders of Paratoo and Panaramitee stations (near Yunta in the northeast of South Australia), although he also had interests in other station properties. A much later account indicates he and his brother William established a property which they named Mundi Mundi (north of Cockburn) “to give it an aboriginal flavor”. (Advertiser, 19 September 1945, p 8) By the time he returned to live in Adelaide, he was

1 clearly a wealthy man. According to local historian Elizabeth Warburton, he purchased the Lochiel Park property (in Section 309) in 1875 from Mrs. Jessie Macdonald. This Section had originally been purchased (along with Section 310) by Charles James Fox Campbell (after whom Campbelltown is named), on which Campbell constructed a home that he named “Lochend”. Lochend remained in the possession of David Mundy and subsequent buyers of the property.

Prior to moving to Lochiel Park, Mundy apparently lived in a spacious gentleman’s residence in an “aristocratic neighbourhood” in Beaumont. He advertised it for rental in August 1875 and for sale in March 1882 (Register, 6 August 1875 and 3 March 1882, p 8) Plans for Lochiel Park were drawn up by one of the most prominent of South Australia’s colonial architects, Daniel Garlick (below). He advertised in 1876 and again in 1877 for builders to tender for a residence at “Lochine Park” in Campbelltown. By March 1876 the Mundy’s were evidently living at Lochiel Park; they advertised at that time for a general servant and for a buggy horse (Evening Journal, 30 March 1876, and Advertiser, 31 March 1876). (They may possibly have lived at Lochend while their new home was being constructed.)

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The Register announced on 1 January 1878 (p 7) that “Mr. David Mundy has had a very handsome villa residence erected at Lochin Park, which has a fine commanding appearance, and is provided with every convenience. It is surrounded by a spacious ornamental verandah, and has a lookout on the roof. The contractors were Messrs. Baker & Humbley, and the cost amounted to about £3,000 …. Mr. D. Garlick was the architect.” The house is described in some detail in Rachel Wharldall’s 1978 architectural thesis, which included the sketch and floor plans below.

Wharldall notes that Mundy’s villa “took full advantage of the elevated site, giving extensive views over the river and valley”, and that originally the verandah was “fenced with a cast iron balustrade on all sides”. The entrance door was surrounded by leadlight panels and faced onto “wide stone steps flanked by ornamental urns”. On the ground floor a central passage led to a large and prestigious drawing room, as well as a sitting room and dining room. The drawing room and sitting room had 14 foot ceilings and direct access through side doors to the verandah. An ornamental archway in the passage divided the “better” rooms from the servants’ area, which included a relatively large kitchen and scullery. Stairs from the central passage also apparently led down to a cellar. A spiral wooden stairway led to the upper floor which featured three large bedrooms, and, uncommon for the period, a bathroom and w.c. within the main house. Like the three main

3 rooms below, each of the three bedrooms possessed a fireplace. Another unusual feature was a stairway at the rear of the upper floor leading to a lookout within the roof well, which seemed to display “a touch of the ‘King of the Castle’ mentality”. Regarding David and Rose Mundy themselves, available public information, including photography, is surprisingly sparse given their wealth and position in the community. Pastoral Pioneers of South Australia comments that David “like many other pioneer squatters, managed to keep well away from the limelight, and passed out of this life practically unnoticed by the newspaper press of the day”. This is only partly true. He was apparently not a large-scale agriculturalist, but even before the completion of his house he advertised the sale of oranges from 150 trees. Such advertisements continued to appear, culminating in one in 1892 which announced the availability of “about 2,000 cases” of oranges. Nevertheless, David and Rose spent substantial periods away from Lochiel Park during their tenure, travelling to England in 1880 (aboard the John Elder) and in 1882, as well as interstate.

John Elder Orient Line Between times, however, they were active in community affairs and were generous benefactors. Newspaper accounts record that in April 1882 they made available their “beautiful and delightfully-situated grounds” for the annual picnic of the Norwood Wesleyan Sunday School; and in April 1890 for the Carrondown (now Brompton) Baptist Sunday School, on which occasion 450 guests were conveyed to Lochiel Park for “an enjoyable day spent in various kinds of sport”. In November 1891, they hosted “a fete, cake fair, and produce sale” to raise funds for St. Martin’s Anglican church, attended by the Countess of Kintore (the Governor’s wife) and her daughter Lady Ethel Keith-Falconer, Sir John Bray (former Premier) and Lady Bray, and Lady Downer (wife of former Premier). Bishop Kennion (Anglican Bishop of Adelaide) was also scheduled to attend. For the same cause, the Mundys again hosted a strawberry fete in December 1892 on a day which was “beautifully fine, and although hot there was a nice breeze, which with the shade from the well-grown orange-trees made it very pleasant”. The Eastern Suburban Band “assisted to enliven the proceedings”. (Express and Telegraph, 28 November 1891, p 4)

Lady Ethel Keith-Falconer Sir John Bray Perhaps most notable of all was the occasion in March 1892 (and repeated in March 1893) when the Mundys opened their grounds – “prettily situated near the river Torrens” where “pleasant shade was found under the 4 large gum-trees with which the paddock is studded” – for the inaugural Liquor Trade Employes’ Picnic. Picnickers assembled in a long convoy of horse-drawn passenger vehicles (drags) in Pirie Street to parade through the city streets and thence to Lochiel Park, with flags and bunting flying and lively tunes from the Model Band which led the way. Apart from numerous foot races, the crowd of 600 revellers participated in other competitions and activities including swinging boats, cheap-jack, wire-walking, tug-of-war, sack race, three-legged race, cask-rolling, and “chasing after a greasy pig”. (Register, 3 March 1892, p 6)

An 1887 horse-drawn drag The St. Martin’s Anglican Church in Campbelltown benefitted greatly from the patronage of the Mundys. In 1892 Mr. Mundy donated two acres of land adjoining the church for a school and parsonage as well as £100 in cash. Mrs. Mundy laid the foundation stone for the Sunday School and Church Hall in November 1893, and was presented with a silver trowel which is still on display within the very attractive 1860 church (below). The hall was opened in July 1894, when “a beautifully illuminated address” was presented to Mr. Mundy. Mrs. Mundy contributed “a handsome piano” for the hall. The Rev. Honner expressed gratitude for Mr. Mundy’s “munificence”. (Register, 11 July 1894, p 7) For his financial contributions for another cause, David Mundy was elected a “life governor” of the Industrial School for the Blind (later re-named the Royal Society for the Blind). (Register, 18 September 1897, p 7)

After selling Lochiel Park and its grounds to Jonah Hobbs in 1898, the Mundys moved to “Ellangowan” – a grand house with spacious grounds on Payneham Road, opposite St. Peter’s Town Hall. Elizabeth Warburton says they lived “in style with uniformed coachman and domestic staff”. David died there on 8 April 1903 and was buried with his parents in West Terrace Cemetery. He had also owned another imposing residence, “Durnford House”, on the Esplanade at Largs, which unlike Ellangowan still survives. His estate was valued at £28,316, and numerous other properties owned by him in the Adelaide area were also auctioned at the time. (Advertiser, 5 May 1903, p 4)

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Ellangowan

Durnford House Rose Ellen Maryann Newberry was born at Norwood on 20 January 1854, and when she married David Mundy in 1874 she was aged 20 while he was 42. She was the only daughter of James Newberry, a whitesmith and engineer with premises on the Parade who died in 1889. David and Rose were unfortunate in never having children of their own. Warburton states that Rose “greatly lamented” this misfortune, and tells the touching story of her sending her carriage and coachman “for the loan of little black-haired Ada Mines, who in her 93rd year, faintly remembers those visits of long ago”. After her husband’s death, Rose made several visits to England, but continued to live in Adelaide. She opened a bazaar and a strawberry fete at St. Martin’s, and supported several other charitable causes. Ellangowan was auctioned in 1911, described as occupying in all about 2 ½ acres including offices and other buildings. The contents of the house, which were offered for sale the previous year, included many valuable items and three luxurious carriages (a Brougham, a Victoria, and a Victoria Phaetonette). Rose moved to “a very comfortable home beautifully situated in St. Peters” where she died in 1926. Durnford House was also sold as part of her estate. Under the terms of David’s will, the settlement of her estate included generous bequests totalling £3,800 to nine Adelaide hospitals. One of these, to the Home for Incurables, was used to fund the David Mundy Bed. Rose was buried with her husband at West Terrace.

Brougham Victoria Phaetonette

6

Jonah and Rebekah Hobbs (1898 – 1913)

Jonah Rebekah Jonah Hobbs was born in December 1835 in Wiltshire, England, to Thomas Hobbs (b. 1809) and Ann Stevens (b. 1802), who had married in November 1830. According to The Cyclopedia of South Australia, he concluded his education at the age of 11 and became an apprenticed cooper. In 1849, at the age of 13, he emigrated with his parents to Adelaide aboard the Harry Lorrequer. Much later he told a reporter that as a boy he was given only half rations on the ship “but I was a smart lad and the sailors gave me many things to satisfy my appetite”. He worked with his father at Modbury before being employed by Mr. Francis Beasley of Paradise, and received “an excellent grounding” as a gardener. (Register, 29 December 1911, p 5, and 17 November 1913, p 8) So began a long and illustrious gardening career, though interrupted soon after by “the gold fever”. In 1852 while working for Mr. James Harris in Marden, he joined the rush to Mount Coorong (Korong) north-west of Bendigo, travelling by sea via Melbourne, “but was never fortunate enough to amass any wealth at gold- digging”. He walked (for three weeks) back to Adelaide, where he resumed gardening. His first wife, Virtue Hill, died in 1856; after which he married his employer’s third daughter Rebekah Jane Harris on 6 August 1857. Rebekah’s obituaries record she was born at Tiverton, Devonshire, on 24 November 1835, and arrived in Adelaide at the age of three in 1839 in the Recovery. Jonah then gardened on his own three acres next to his father-in-law. He expanded his property, growing vegetables and vines with “great success” and building a house on the Torrens at Church Street, Marden, which he named Rose Cottage (still extant). But in about 1881, according to Ian Hobbs in his excellent family history, he then moved to newly-subdivided blocks on the undeveloped, rich river land of Section 308 adjacent to David Mundy. There he built a new house which he named Glentiverton after his wife’s home-town. In 1898 Jonah greatly expanded his holdings by acquiring Mundy’s property, and moved his family into Lochiel Park. He developed this combined property until it ranked “amongst the foremost of the fruit orchards of the State”. It is worth stepping back in time to examine some of Jonah’s formidable achievements prior to acquiring Lochiel Park. Sadly, however, the early years of Jonah and Rebekah’s marriage were marred by great tragedy when their five-year-old daughter and three-year-old son were taken by scarlet fever in 1864. Three more infant children were lost to them in subsequent years. But Jonah threw himself into his labours, including those of a more recreational nature. He showed much interest in agricultural competitions, including mowing with a scythe and digging with a spade. The Advertiser on 7 November 1865 gives a vivid account of a mowing competition held opposite the Glynde Inn in which Jonah secured second prize. Other amusements on the day included quoits and bowls and “the fine old English sports of climbing the

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greasy pole, (which wasn’t done), Aunt Sally, and racing blindfolded with wheelbarrows”. Despite “a few fights”, a day of “delightful entertainment, in a charming spot, amidst delicious scenery” was enjoyed by all. Rebekah for her part showed interest in more sober pursuits. She hosted a meeting in October 1868 to inaugurate a “Female Rechabite Tent”, of which she was appointed Secretary. (Register, 15 October 1868, p 2.) The Rechabites were part of the British temperance movement, with branches known as Tents after the abodes of the biblical Rechabites.

RAHS Show, early 1840s, S. T. Gill During the same period, Jonah commenced what was to become a life-long and distinguished involvement with the Royal Agricultural and Horticultural Society (RAHS), which held its first Shows in the 1840s. Much later, he remembered that the first Show he attended had been held “in the open down among the trees on Frome road” and he had “stayed up all night to look after the apples”. (Observer, 23 September 1911, p 22) At the 1868 Show in the old Exhibition Building (in the Parklands on the east side of Frome Road and south of the current Zoo), he secured second prize for his exhibit of carrots, and first and second prizes for his onions. At the Shows in 1869 and 1870 he again won prizes for his cabbages, carrots, onions, and pears. At the 1871 Show the Judges said there were “really a magnificent lot of cabbages … the finest we have seen for some time”. Those exhibited by J. Hobbs and C. Wills “carried off the prizes, which were certainly well deserved”; and in addition they took the prizes for cauliflowers. Jonah also took prizes for his carrots and broad beans. In 1871 he won a first and a second prize for his grapes, and in 1872 he shared prizes for marrows with L. Ey. At a digging competition held in 1870 at Jonah’s vineyard in Payneham he won third prize, but in an RAHS-sponsored competition the following year in the West Parklands he was disqualified due to difficult digging conditions and “not going to the required depth”. (Express and Telegraph, 2 September 1871, p 3). He redeemed himself in 1872 when his digging was “greatly eulogized by the Judges”, and in 1875 he secured a third prize. In the Show that year he won prizes for lemons, carrots, salad vegetables, broad beans, parsnips, turnips, cabbages, cauliflowers, and leeks. In a brief foray into local politics in 1870, Jonah was elected Councillor for the Marden Ward. (Register, 22 July 1870, p 6) Perhaps he found gardening more productive. In the 1887 Show, Jonah and his good friend Charles Pitt both fared very well in the prizes for oranges and citrus, as well as pears. By 1888 he was elected to the RAHS’s Committee of Management, as a member of the Horticulture and Floriculture Committee. (Adelaide Observer, 10 March 1888, p 34) 1890 was another very successful year for both Jonah and Charles, as was 1905. Jonah was a regular appointee to the management committee, and as a judge for fruit and vegetables. In 1897 he was elected a vice-president of the Society. In 1902 he was photographed with RAHS Council members in one of the grandstands (centre front below).

8

Jonah’s commitment to the East-End Market was equally as notable and enduring as his involvement with the RAHS. Records in the Adelaide City Archives document that in 1860 he, along with many other early market gardeners and buyers, petitioned the Mayor and Councillors for the location of the market to remain in the same location on East Terrace where it had been held spontaneously during the previous two years. In 1873 he attended a breakfast in the marketplace to entertain the Market’s founder, and to celebrate its twelfth anniversary. His exhibit of onions won first prize and his carrots were deemed “as fine carrots as we have seen”. (Register and Evening Journal, 2 January 1873) The Cyclopedia recorded in 1907 that he “was one of the first to enter the market on opening day, and has retained his stand in the market-place ever since”. At the spectacular East-End Market Gardiners’ Picnics in 1888 and 1889, 500 and 800 (respectively) horse-drawn vehicles and horsemen processed through the streets of Adelaide and along the Parade to a paddock in Kensington, where crowds of 3,000 and 6,000 celebrated the accomplishments of the gardening industry. Jonah and Charles Pitt again competed for the prizes, with Jonah winning first prize for best groomed horse and second prize for best gardener’s van in 1888, while Charles won second prize for tandem harness; and in 1889 Jonah again won the prize for best groomed horse. (Express and Telegraph, 19 October 1888, p 4, and Adelaide Observer, 9 November 1889, p 30) By 1905 he had been elected a director of the East-End Market Company, a position which after his death passed on to his son Harris. (Advertiser, 30 January 1906, p 8)

1911

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The Advertiser of 6 September 1879 (p 11) contains a detailed account of Jonah’s gardening enterprise in the period prior to his moving, in about 1881, from Section 284 (between Lower Portrush Road and O.G. Road) to Section 308 (between Wicks Avenue and Mines Road, and bordering on David Mundy’s Lochiel Park). In Section 284 his Marden property centring on Church Street had been “divided into two portions by the river. The twelve acres on the south side form a general garden, in which are five acres of orange trees …. Mr. Hobbs, however, has mainly devoted his attention in the past to vegetable growing, and has acquired renown for the excellence of his exhibits at various shows. On the north side of the river he has ten acres devoted principally to vegetables. There are five acres of peas, and smaller beds of onions, radishes, and other green stuff. Mr. Hobbs is also interested in another vegetable garden of twenty-five acres at East Mardon [sic].” The latter property was presumably the one he subsequently purchased in Section 308 with a lengthy river frontage, where he was establishing an impressively large-scale and highly-productive nursery business unequalled anywhere else in the State. In the Observer of 23 April 1881 (p 37), his business – Glynde Nurseries, East Marden – was described as possessing a “Large and Varied Stock of Fruit Trees, Apricots, Almonds, Peaches, Plums, Oranges, Vines, Olives, &c., &c., in any quantity”. He requested builders to tender for a residence at East Marden designed by architect W. F. DeMole, which probably was Glentiverton (no longer extant, but apparently located near the current site of the Lochiel Park southern wetlands). (Express and Telegraph, 29 June 1881, p 4) Jonah’s nursery business, under the new name of Glen Nursery, was described at length in the Register (1 May 1886, p 6). The article commented that until recently South Australia relied on imports of fruit trees. Some thought the climate too dry to compete with its eastern neighbours. That such arguments were “utterly without foundation in fact” had been disproved by “a few enterprising men, including Mr. J. Hobbs, of ‘Glen Nursery’, East Marden”, who were successfully growing fruit trees “of every description”. That this was “no idle boast” could be easily proved by a visit to Glen Nursery, where “some 32 acres of ground may be seen covered with nursery stock and orchard trees in the most healthy and luxuriant condition”. The article note the nursery had been established for only seven years, but Mr. Hobbs had “been engaged in horticulture in this colony, and in the same neighbourhood, for over thirty years”. Glen Nursery now had some 20,000 orange trees in preparation, so it would “hardly be necessary to send to Sydney for more”. Stocks also included 25,000 apricots and 9,000 apple trees, as well as 10,000 plums. In addition, there were olives, grapevines, figs, pears, almonds, mulberries, peaches, and 6,000 standard roses. Beside nursery stock, the orchard also produced “good crops of oranges, apples, pears, peaches, apricots and loquats. In 1887 the Advertiser (5 May 1887, p 4) noted that Glen Nursery had become “one of the largest cultivators of fruit trees near Adelaide”. Stocks totalled almost 100,000, with a further 19,000 seedlings and 40,000 vines. In 1893 a visitor to Jonah’s “flourishing fruit and vegetable garden and extensive nursery” described it as “a real pleasure to view, perhaps equal to any in the colony”. (Register, 2 February 1893, p 6) Another visitor to the Torrens Valley in 1898 found its luxurious gardens and orchards “a cheery sight”, and commented on “the varied beauty of the scene”. The road from Payneham to the Torrens Gorge was “a glorious panorama of the earth’s bounty and fruitfulness”. At East Marden he commented that Mr. Hobbs, unlike some of his neighbours, had been able to protect his land from the recent floods. Much gravel had been washed away but a new deposit of silt had provided some benefit. (Evening Journal, 16 June 1898, p 2) In view of his years of hard work and his increasing wealth it is perhaps not surprising that Jonah decided to take his wife and daughter for a visit to England. They embarked in March 1893 on the steamer Orizaba for London, departing again on the same ship in August, and completing their journey on the Oruba. He did not neglect to take some of his grapes, apples and pomegranates with him to England. They reportedly arrived in excellent condition. On a less positive note, in the following year he had a narrow escape using another, and more modest, form of transport. The Advertiser (19 September 1894, p 5) reported that “Jonah Hobbs, an elderly gardener, of East Mardon, was mounting into his spring-cart on North-terrace when the horse started and threw him out, one of the wheels passing over him.” The horse bolted to North Adelaide, but Jonah 10

escaped with “only a few scratches on the hands and face … although he was in a very low condition”. In August 1897, he again set out for London aboard the Austral for a second visit. In the same month, via the P&O steamer Australia, he despatched 228 cases of oranges to again test the English market.

Orizaba Austral As noted earlier, in November 1898 Jonah added considerably to his land and river frontage by purchasing from his next-door-neighbour, David Mundy, “the beautiful estate known as Lochiel Park, situated on the Torrens at Campbelltown.” He kept his riverfront property at Section 308, although about this time he evidently quitted the nursery business and concentrated his efforts, with his new acquisition in Section 309, on greatly expanding his orange orchard. Interestingly, in 1905 he appealed to the Campbelltown Council to reduce the assessment of his property value for Section 309 which at first had been set at £10,000. The judge considered the original purchase price paid by the appellant was excessive and reduced the assessed value to £7,250, which was stated to be £250 less than the purchase price. (Observer, 18 November 1905, p 36) In a charming and detailed account of the Lochiel Park property in the summer of 1903, worth citing at length, a reporter for the Register cycled to Marden to see the orange groves. As “the sun was dispelling the morning mists which hung over this picturesque district like a thin veil of silver …. the richly clothed gardens looked charming as they emerged glistening from their bath of morning dew …. flushed into colour by the shimmering sunlight, the trees made a magnificent picture – acres and acres of them stretching away to where the fields fringe the water”. He commented: “Some of the best conducted orange plantations in the state are to be found in Marden, and some of the most expert growers, too …. By dint of energy and intelligent observation they have made orange culture a rich success.” Visiting Lochiel Park, he observed: Although approaching three score years and ten, Mr. J. Hobbs, the fortunate owner of Lochiel Park, Campbelltown, possesses almost boyish activity. You will find him in his garden from daybreak to sunset working as energetically as those 40 years his junior. Full of fun and frolic, he is the life and soul of the place. I found him bending over a plot of young onions weeding, but he cheerfully consented to accompany me on a tour around the orange trees. Mr. Hobbs purchased Lochiel Park five years ago, and it is a delightfully situated property, commanding a beautiful view, and having fascinating surroundings. The fine two-story house is perched on top of a miniature hill. In front of it is a belt of lofty, wide-spreading gum trees; at the rear [sic] the ground slopes gracefully to the waving banks of the Torrens. The purchase money amounted to many thousands, and hundreds of pounds have since been spent in making the park what it is today. Orange trees, of course, predominate. Mr. Hobbs has been growing citrus fruits for nearly half a century. There is a spice of romance about his entry into the industry. He was about to be married, and, having built a house for his prospective bride, planted several rows of trees in front of it, 'for ornamental purposes.' The exigencies of domestic life gave him business discernment, and he saw that there was money in fruit. A few trees grew to acres, and acres to big groves! When Mr. Hobbs took charge of Lochiel Park the orange trees yielded only about 200 cases per annum; now the crop totals several thousands of cases. The garden is in the pink of condition, and the younger trees are a picture in themselves. They are bearing prolifically, and the oranges are perfect specimens. (Register, 6 June 1903, p 8)

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Another reporter encountered Jonah at the 1904 Gardener’s Picnic where he had proposed one of the principal toasts, and described him as “one of the most charming of nature’s gentlemen, who seems as active in mind and body as many a man a score of years younger”. In a humorous speech, Jonah said “he thought he could claim to be the oldest person in South Australia to take fruit and vegetables into Adelaide”, having 12

been “connected with the industry since he was a boy, about 54 years ago” and becoming “his own master at the age of 21, when he got married”. On a more serious note he added that he had “never experienced such bad times as during the past two years” when growers were producing “ten times as much stuff” as could be used in South Australia and obliged to sell at “less than the cost of production”. He described himself as “not a rich man, but had as much of this world’s goods as some of the rest”. He had “a bit of property which he far preferred to money”. (Chronicle, 5 November 1904, p 9) When a South Australian Fruitgrowers’ Association was formed later that year to present a united voice for the industry, Jonah was elected a member of the executive committee. In 1906 he accompanied the South Australian delegates to the Federal Fruitgrowers Association annual conference in Sydney. (Evening Journal, 23 October 1906, p 10) In the following year delegates of the Fruitgrowers’ Federal Congress visited Adelaide and were conveyed by drags to various districts, including a call at Lochiel Park for afternoon tea provided by Mrs. Hobbs who was accorded “a hearty vote of thanks”, after which the “beautiful orchards and orangery” were visited. (Register, 18 October 1907, p 8) A report in May 1908 about a meeting of the Campbelltown branch of the South Australian Fruitgrowers’ Association included the observation that Mr. Jonah Hobbs “probably owns more orange trees, than any man in the district”. (Register, 12 May 1908, p 3) At this point we are overdue to begin drawing attention to Jonah’s expanding philanthropic activities, and the increasingly close affiliation between he and Rebekah and the Payneham Wesleyan Methodist Church. As early as 1885 the firm and employees of Mr. J. Hobbs, Glynde Nursery, subscribed £4 4s. to “the poor fund”. In 1892 he gave land for cottages in Payneham “for the use of minsters’ widows and worn-out ministers” at a cost of £77 10s. Rebekah negotiated agreement that a modest cottage for an elderly and destitute couple afflicted by illness should also be built. (Register, 22 March 1893, p 7, and Chronicle, 28 June 1902, p 25) But Jonah and Rebekah’s charitable efforts were focused principally on their Church. In 1895 he gave £205 to defray the debt of the Payneham Methodist Church, and his son Harris Hobbs gave £100. A bazaar at the church in 1898, opened by Mrs. J. Hobbs, raised over £60. At the Payneham Sunday School jubilee in 1901, Mr. J. Hobbs gave “an inspiring speech”, Mrs. Hobbs presented a jubilee banner, the secretary Mr. Frank Hobbs presented his annual report, Miss Lillian Hobbs gave a recitation, and Miss Mabel Hobbs played the organ. By this time the five surviving Hobbs children were beginning to marry. The eldest, Charlotte, had married Theodore, youngest son of Mr. John Godlee of College Park, in 1887. The eldest son James Harris, married Mary Eliza Pitt, the daughter of John Pitt of Payneham in 1891. The youngest son, Frank Hedley, married Florence Amy Bowman in Maitland in 1902. Tragically, Lillian Hobbs died in 1902 aged 28 years, and Theodore Godlee died of pneumonia in 1908. The youngest surviving daughter, Mabel, married Douglas Ferrier, youngest son of Mr. Geo. Ferrier of Riverton, in 1913.

Charlotte Hobbs J. Harris Hobbs

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Newspaper reports about the activities of the Payneham Methodist Church illustrate the close-knit ties over many decades between the Hobbs family and the Pitt and James families. Their names recur with monotonous frequency. They intermarried, they were close friends, they dominated their church, and their properties were contiguous. George Mitchell in his centenary publication about the Payneham church observed that when he came to Payneham the Hobbs, Pitt and James families were indeed “the church”. Others commented, with little exaggeration, that it was possible to walk along the banks of the Torrens from Payneham to Campbelltown without once leaving the property of one or the other of the three families or of the also closely-related Wicks family. Members of the families “always took the short cut” along the river to each other’s homes. Jonah and Rebekah again come to attention in October 1905 when Jonah and his friend Charles Pitt both laid foundation stones for the Payneham church’s “new lecture-hall and classrooms”. (See photograph below: Jonah second from right and Charles second from left, Rebekah far right.) It was commented that in Mr. Hobbs “they had a man who was a living example of one of Wesley’s rules – he got all that he could, saved all he could, and gave all he could”. He and Charles were presented with silver trowels. Jonah had previously donated £150 on behalf of his family for the new building. (Australian Christian Commonwealth, 13 October 1905, p 4, and 19 January 1906, p 13) In January 1907 Jonah also laid the stone for the new Methodist church at Campbelltown, and secured another silver trowel. He had donated £20 for every £80 otherwise raised, and pledged to continue doing so until the total amount raised reached £1,000. (Advertiser, 23 January 1907, p 11, and Evening Journal 28 May 1907, p 3). In December 1907, a “continental” in aid of the Campbelltown Methodist Sunday School was held at Lochiel Park. (Register, 25 December 1907, p 10)

Payneham Campbelltown

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It seems fitting that in their declining years Jonah and Rebekah’s accomplishments should have been capped by the celebration in August 1907 of their golden wedding anniversary at Lochiel Park. It was reported that about 200 relatives and friends visited to pay their respects to Mr. and Mrs. Hobbs, including their “two sons Mr. Frank Hobbs, of East Marden, and Mr. J. Harris Hobbs, of Paradise – and two daughters – Mrs. T. Godlee of St. Peters, and Miss Mabel Hobbs, of East Marden”. This event was followed later by a dinner “in a large marquee on the spacious grounds” for their employees and wives, at which they were presented with an address. And in a third festive event, Jonah entertained his grandchildren. (Advertiser, 12 August 1907, p 6, and Register, 12 August 1907, p 6) During the celebrations a delightful family photograph was taken on the front steps of Lochiel Park House (below). The Australian Christian Commonwealth, (16 August 1907, p 4) commented that from their earliest experiences Jonah and Rebekah’s lives had been “intimately and prominently identified with the Methodist Church”. It would be “difficult to compute the value of their generous gifts”. Their lives had been “singularly happy and signally blessed”, although they had also known sorrow. Mr. Hobbs had filled “all of the more responsible offices” of the Payneham Church and Kent Town Circuit.

Regrettably it was not long after, in May 1908, that Rebekah’s death at her residence in Lochiel Park was also reported, and her interment in Payneham cemetery. The Australian Christian Commonwealth (17 July 1908, p 11) described her character as “wise and generous, strong and tender … much beloved by all who knew her”, and noted her “deep religious experience, her cheerful disposition, and her excellent conversational powers”. She was “a true ‘helpmeet’ to her husband, who valued highly her wise counsel and loving help”, and she was “exceedingly fond of her children, who worthily requited her love”. Rebekah’s great granddaughter recalled that Jonah was usually given the credit for his astuteness, but she believed much of the credit should go to Rebekah who was a very strong woman and equally astute in business. They were “an excellent combination”. In his own final years, Jonah continued to be depicted in the press as a notable character. It was said that “What he does not know about the valley of the Torrens and its fertility is not worth knowing”. He was “a fine type of pioneer” who although unsuccessful in the goldfields “has found there was more gold to be got 15

out of cultivating the soil on the banks of the Torrens, and has been enabled to amass more than a fair share of wealth by his continuous industry”. (Quiz, 8 October 1909, p 4) As an official at the 1910 Show he observed that he would in December celebrate his 75th birthday, and added: “I think I’ll have a spell from active work after this year”. He said he had attended about 55 Adelaide Shows, and had been an exhibitor for “something like half a century”. He remembered the early Shows “held beneath the gum trees on the Old Exhibition Grounds”. He found the “astonishing progress” made by the State “particularly gratifying to the old colonists who have had a share in paving the way”. (Advertiser, 16 September 1910, p 10) He was included (second from left, below) in a photograph of “An Old-Time Group of Royal Agricultural Society Veterans” published in the Observer (18 September 1909, p 29). At the 1913 Show a reporter described him as “another familiar figure who is approaching the octogenarian stage”, but he appeared “as lively as a cricket”. (Register, 8 March 1913, p 14)

This was, however, to be Jonah’s last Show. He died at Lochiel Park House on 16 November 1913. His remains were interred the following day in Payneham Cemetery. The funeral was “very largely attended”. Several obituaries were published. The RAHS Council regretted the death of “an old and valued friend and member” who had been “closely connected with the society and council for many years”. It added that on the last day he visited the office “immediately previous to his becoming ill” he had “generously presented the society with a cup valued at £25”. (Register, 27 November 1913, p 8) This Jonah Hobbs Challenge Trophy, for the best collection of fruit, was repeatedly awarded in later years. In 1914 the Society decided to ask Mr. J. Harris Hobbs to fill the vacancy on the horticultural committee caused by his father’s death. Harris went on to enjoy an equally distinguished connection with the RAHS, culminating in his becoming Chairman of the Society in 1935. At the 1914 Show a reporter commented that as he traversed the fruit stalls he “felt there was something missing when I did not encounter the welcome figure of the late Mr. Jonah Hobbs. A quarter century ago Jonah had taken him “around the fruit stands at the old showgrounds … and told me about the season that had passed and the quality of the fruit”. (Journal, 6 March 1914, p 5) Although little is known about the circumstances, Jonah was also included in the year before his death in an anonymous photograph of a “group of old men described as South Australian colonists” (seated second row, on the right).

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The Australian Christian Commonwealth (28 November 1913, p 15) commemorated his death with a lengthy article, titled “Our Sainted Dead, Mr. Jonah Hobbs”. It noted: “The name of the late Mr. Jonah Hobbs has been one of the best known and most highly respected in the district surrounding Payneham for over half a century”. It recalled also that early in life Jonah had “developed a great love of singing” and to the end of his days had “manifested his deep interest in the ministry of song”. A few years prior to his death he had experienced much sorrow due to the passing away of family members, but among his friends he “continued to display the same genial, kindly disposition which had marked his earlier life”. He spent the “evening of his life” in “his beautiful home, at Lochiel Park, in quietude and restfulness, after a life of successful toil”. He bore his last illness “with patience and with quiet submission” looking forward to his “rest in Heaven [and] reunion with the loved ones already there”. In 1917, Harris Hobbs offered to replace the small pipe organ at the Payneham Methodist Church with a more up-to-date instrument (at a cost of £700) in memory of his parents and three of their grandsons, two of whom had “made the supreme sacrifice on the battlefield” in the current war. (Register, 17 February 1917, p 5)

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Frank and Florence Hobbs (1914 - 1946)

After Jonah’s death Lochiel Park was next occupied by his son Frank Hedley Hobbs and his wife Florence Amy; they had married on 5 March 1902. (The Bowman family history says that Florence was “always known as Amy”, although this may be an overstatement.) Frank was born on 15 September 1876, when his parents were still living at Rose Cottage in Marden. He was educated at Prince Alfred College and was a keen cricketer. Florence was born on 26 May 1879, the youngest daughter of Mr. Thomas Bowman of Maitland, where they married at the Methodist church with a reception at the Institute Hall. Hobbs and Bowman family histories say that Florence and Frank met when she came to live with her sister Thurza, married to William Wearne James of “Plateau Court”. At a competition in the Adelaide Town Hall Mr. F. Hobbs gave a recital on the topic “How I Won My Wife’s Heart”. (Evening Journal, 20 August 1902) After their marriage and before moving to Lochiel Park, they farmed at Paradise. They moved to Glentiverton, near Lochiel Park House, in 1906. Following in his father’s footsteps, Frank won several prizes at the 1907 Show for his oranges, mandarins and lemons. (Register, 13 September 1907, p 9)

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The Register (20 November 1911) has a charming account, in the early days of motor transport, of an excursion to Cherryville arranged by Frank Hobbs for 30 members of the Campbelltown, Athelstone and Paradise branch of the Market Gardiners and Fruitgrowers Association. They were conveyed by A. W. G. Pitt’s motor trolley via the new road to Norton’s Summit. Mr. Pitt regarded his vehicle as “second to none” and the speed with which it mounted the hills was seen by its passengers as “a revelation”. Cherryville was soon reached by “the delighted plains dwellers”, especially after the heat and dust below. After discussing and comparing experiences of fruit and vegetable growing with the locals, they adjourned for tea at the Scenic Hotel and sampled a strawberry fete at Morialta Anglican Church before heading for home. In the following year Frank organised similar excursions to Piccadilly and Summertown. Nature extracted its revenge in 1917 when memorable floods struck the orchards of Frank and Harris Hobbs and many others in the upper Torrens and caused major losses, by which time of course Frank had taken over at Lochiel Park. (Advertiser, 20 July 1917, p 7, and Observer, 28 July 1917, p 18) Frank and Florence’s first child, Arnold, was born at Paradise, and their daughters, Lillian Florence and Ivy Merle, at Glentiverton. According to a relative’s description in the Bowman family history, Lochiel Park House must have been “a marvellous home for a young family … spacious grounds and lawns, a two storied house with winding banister to slide down, and even a somewhat eerie attic. They had “a very smart dog cart … in which the family would drive to church twice each Sunday. The horse had become so used to this procedure that it refused to go past the church. If Frank wished to continue to the city, it was necessary to drive into the church, turn around and then proceed.” It appeared that when entertaining guests, Frank was as frank as his name. A family story recounts that no amount of black looks or kicks in the shin from Florence would deter him from saying what he thought. Florence’s granddaughter Marilyn remembered these formal dinners (where Florence would ring a bell to summon the maid), where on one occasion she drew her grandfather’s attention to the fact he was becoming red in the face during a heated exchange with one of the guests. She also remembers that he was “one of the world’s most shocking drivers” and after buying a car in the 1920s had hit one of the sturdy gateposts at the entrance to Lochiel Park, and later also hit a horse and cart. On a more positive note, she remembered that Frank was, like his father a very hard worker rising two hours before the workers arrived and continuing two hours after they left. Marilyn also remembered that in the upstairs linen room at Lochiel Park House there were “two lovely portraits” of Rebekah and Jonah, with gold gilt frames and each at least a metre and a half tall. She would “stand and look at them for ages”, until one day they disappeared. Apparently all the women were “passionate gardeners” and they had decided to use them to shade the hydrangeas! (The present whereabouts of these portraits is sadly unknown.) Frank and Florence also appeared to take over some of the role of his parents in support of the Payneham Methodist Church. In 1917 Mrs. F. H. Hobbs laid the foundation stone for the new hall for the Sunday School kindergarten, Frank himself being the Superintendent of the school. A lavish afternoon tea contributed to the funds. The hall was dedicated as a soldiers’ memorial, appropriately so since every eligible member of the school had enlisted, and “more than 100 who have been connected with the church and school are on active service or have given their lives in battle”. (Advertiser, 3 December 1917, p 10) Mesdames F. H. and J. H. Hobbs also assisted in the following year with another major fundraiser, Payneham’s third Patriotic Display. A colourful newspaper report declared that Payneham was populated by “Britons to whom patriotism is the breath of life”, and who never did things by halves. There were “streamers of flags” across the street and “bunting on the houses”. The event, in a paddock beside Third Creek, featured a procession headed by the Payneham Brass Band, decorated vehicles, and school children bearing flags for the roll of honour; as well as foot races, bicycle races, athletics, a doll show, and “a highly successful dog show and parade”. The aim of the event was to increase the total patriotic funds contributed by Payneham from £1,500 to £2,000. (Advertiser, 4 March 1918, p 5) Meanwhile, several reports confirmed that Florence excelled at agricultural shows with her displays of sweet peas, while Frank did very well with cauliflowers and of course with citrus fruits. On one occasion Frank sent fifteen dozen cauliflowers to the Central Mission, which reported that it was “quite an interesting event 19

to see a stream of women each carrying away a large cauliflower”. (Australian Christian Commonwealth, 13 September 1918, p 12). Meanwhile, Florence was able to participate, at the “old homestead” in Maitland, in the celebration of her parents sixtieth wedding anniversary. Mr Thomas Bowman had reached ninety, while Mrs. Catherine Bowman was 82, and both had “their mental faculties well preserved”. Mrs. Bowman came to South Australia from Cornwall in 1846. Her husband was born in Westmoreland and arrived in the colony in 1855. (Register, 5 August 1919, p 4) Mr. Bowman died in 1922 and his wife in 1924. Echoing his father’s mishap in North Terrace, Frank met with a somewhat similar accident in Currie Street in 1925. When starting his motor car, it “jumped forward onto the footpath” where, no doubt to his chagrin, it knocked down a Mrs. Evans. She sustained bruises, but like Jonah was able to go home without treatment. The situation was reversed when later that year, as a local magistrate, Frank fined two individuals for riding bicycles on a footpath. (Advertiser, 6 July 1925, p 13, and News, 24 October 1925, p 7) Unfortunately, however, he himself in 1928 was fined for “allowing an unregistered dray to be driven along Lower North- East Road”. (News, 30 April 1928, p 9) In 1927 we see first evidence of Frank’s passion for fishing, securing a catch of snook at Outer Harbor. Not long after there were reports of the beginnings of an equally-enduring passion for lawn bowls. Under his supervision, six new bowling rinks had been laid at the Payneham Bowling Club. (Advertiser, 31 October 1927, p 23) His skills were soon to be rivalled, however, by those of his wife. In September 1928, a new bowling club was formed for Payneham women bowlers, followed by “a continental … on the grounds of Mr. F. H. Hobbs, Hill street, Campbelltown”. (News, 10 January 1929, p 15) This was the beginning of great things for Florence. She became the President of the new women’s club and held the position for three years. In each of these years she also won the women’s championship. Not to be outdone, Frank secured the men’s championship in 1929. (As recorded in W. P. Holmesby’s club history, Gardens to Greens.) In a report titled “Adelaide Women Follow Sir Francis Drake”, Mrs. A. F. Hobbs was photographed while bowling with the caption “Once a Strictly Masculine Pastime”. (Register News-Pictorial, 14 November 1929, p 1) In an interview, Mrs. Hobbs said women players at Payneham were supported by the men, who thought it unfair not to let the women enjoy the greens if they desired. (Register News-Pictorial, 11 January 1930, p 20)

But still greater things were in store for Florence, beginning with her election in April 1930 as the first President of the South Australian Women’s Bowling Association. In the following year, she led a women’s team to play against their Victorian counterparts in Melbourne, but due to inclement weather they “played cards instead” and enjoyed the hospitality of their hosts. Florence was described by a reporter as “an attractive grey-haired woman” who took up the game because her husband was so keen, just as she had joined him previously in fishing and other sports. (News, 10 April 1931, p 8) She was modest, however, about the possibility of male and female bowlers playing together in competition. At Payneham women learned a lot through playing with men, but she felt it would be a long time “before we could challenge them 20

with any confidence”. (Advertiser, 23 February 1932, p 12) Nevertheless, many women exulted in the new phenomenon of women’s bowling, including one reporter who noted that gone were the days when “mother’s place was at home … her recreation was found in the armchair”. Bowling assisted to banish “all the cares and worries” of a woman’s role. For example, “nothing could have been more glorious” than the Payneham championships, where competitors were “royally entertained by Mr. and Mrs. Frank Hobbs” as they sat admiring “the beauty of the green, ablaze with colourful flowers, and with our lovely ranges in the distance”. It “made one wonder why one troubles to travel in search of beauty”. (Advertiser, 23 February 1932, p 12) Mrs. Hobbs herself commented that “Women bowlers never grow old”. It was rejuvenating and conserved youth.

As association president, Florence was caught up in a controversy about the increased daring of costumes for sportswomen. She noted that women bowlers had never sought to wear slacks or shorts “and I do not think that there is ever the least likelihood of their doing so”. (Mail, 6 January 1934, p 5) In her presidential role she also helped to host a visit in 1934 by the New South Wales Women’s Bowling Association. In 1936 she welcomed 80 interstate bowlers from Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania who had arrived in Adelaide for a centenary carnival, at a civic reception hosted by the Lord Mayor. (News, 17 November 1936, p 9) Both Frank and Florence enjoyed a busy social life associated with bowling and other causes. On several occasions, they entertained fellow bowlers at Lochiel Park, including during a return visit by 20 women bowlers from Victoria when 80 members of the local association were also present. They also entertained friends at their residence to celebrate the twenty-first birthday of their daughter Ivy. (Advertiser, 6 March 1933, p 14, and 4 April 1933, p 10) About 80 Methodist Ladies College old scholars also took afternoon tea with them following “a long ramble” from the Payneham tram terminus. (Advertiser, 23 September 1933, p 6) Florence performed the opening ceremony for a new den “on Spanish lines” built on Lochiel Park grounds by the Payneham Rover Scouts, followed by dancing and musical items. Soon after, she hosted “a garden cabaret and bridge evening” at her home for a Scouts fund raiser. (Advertiser, 22 November 1933, p 11, and 8 December 1933, p 10) In 1935, Lochiel Park was made available for an afternoon tea for the Adelaide Horse Riding Club. (Mail, 10 August 1935, p 15) Frank still found time for fishing, including catching sizeable bags of snapper and garfish. (Advertiser, 3 May 1939, p 25) The war years appeared to lead to a decline in social gatherings at Lochiel Park, although in 1944 a garden fete was held there to raise money for the Fighting Forces Comforts Fund. A large attendance resulted in takings of £166. This event was repeated in 1945. (Advertiser, 31 October 1944, p 3, and 26 October 1945, p 7)

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Lochiel Park House1937, with Scouts tent In the meantime, as they approached old age Frank and Florence were giving serious thought to disposing of Lochiel Park. As early as 1937 a lengthy advertisement appeared for the sale by Mr. F. H. Hobbs (“who is retiring”) of his “well-known orchard and garden property with residence and park”, comprising 52 acres and situated on rich garden flats on the banks of the Torrens. “Several hundred orange and lemon trees” were also advertised “together with many acres of young fruit trees, and a large area upon which are produced enormous quantities of vegetables, tomatoes, &c.” A “massive and substantially built Two-storey Stone Residence” with 10 large rooms and conveniences was located on the property, amidst “several acres of park, studded with magnificent stately gums”. It was considered admirably suitable for “a City merchant, retired pastoralist, an institution, or person interested in horses”. (Mail, 30 January 1937, p 23)

No sale was forthcoming, however, until 1946 when Frank and Florence retired to Wear Avenue, Payneham. They celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary on 5 March 1952. As recorded by their gravestone, among those of other deceased members of the Hobbs family at Payneham cemetery, Florence died on 6 December 1953 and Frank on 9 October 1962 leaving four children – Arnold, Lillian, Ivy and Betty.

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Children’s Welfare Department and Successors (1946 – Present) For about half of its 140-year history, Lochiel Park House has been owned by the South Australian government. Its purchase was announced on 4 October 1946 by the Chief Secretary, Mr. McEwin. The price paid to Mr. F. H. Hobbs was about £10,000 (although the purchase apparently was not finalised until February 1947). It was described as “a 52-acre property with a two-storey dwelling at Campbelltown” and it would be used for “the establishment of South Australia’s first home for sub-normal boys”. The boys would be trained in rural work and manual crafts. The superintendent and his staff would be accommodated in “the two-storey house”. Sleeping quarters, and training and recreation facilities, would be built later for 31 boys, who would be under the supervision of the Children’s Welfare and Public Relief Department. (News, 4 October 1946, p 1) Ian Hobbs states that Arnold Hobbs continued at Lochiel Park for several years after the sale, living in Lochend. The Department’s 1947 annual report indicated it would be “a home for backward and mentally unstable boys”. A benevolent approach was intended based on the principle that “wherever kindness and human understanding are required … [the Department] comes unobtrusively to hand”. (Advertiser, 6 March 1947, p 2). Another ongoing connection with the Hobbs family was through the presence of Harris Hobbs as a member of the Children’s Welfare and Public Relief Board. He had been a member for 16 years prior to the purchase of Lochiel Park. In 1949 the Board congratulated him on his appointment in the King’s Birthday Honours List as an Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (Fourth Class). He did not resign from the Board until 1951. Progress in developing the Lochiel Park facility appeared to be slow, although an article in March 1947 said it would be opened “soon”. The Board’s 1948 report noted only that plans for the home at Lochiel Park had been prepared. One problem was the post-war shortage of resources. Army huts at the Loveday internment camp near Barmera were intended for Lochiel Park, but were diverted to soldier settlements. Of the two existing residences on the property, Lochiel Park House was occupied by the deputy superintendent of the Magill Boy’s Training School and Lochend by the garden overseer. For several years, boys did not live-in at Lochiel Park but were transported daily from Magill. The Architect-in-Chief had been requested to carry out “any necessary repairs and renovations” to the residences, and tenders for these improvements were called (Advertiser, 15 May 1948, p 10). In 1949, contractors carried out “general maintenance repair and renovation work on the two residences”, and in 1957: “Renovations were commenced on the old house and cottage on the property.” Finally, in 1958, a new building “amongst the beautiful gum trees” was completed to provide the first on-site accommodation for 12 teenage boys “under the charge of a Housemaster and Housemother”. Mr. and Mrs. Cocks were the Superintendent and Matron (they stayed until 1970), assisted by a small staff. Lochiel Park House and Lochend were repainted.

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A first-hand account of Lochiel Park in the period 1954 to 1963 was written by Mrs. P. Austin. She and her husband very probably lived in Lochend, having replaced a Mr. Mason. (In December 1952, a Mason family reunion took place at Lochiel Park.) Until the appointment of Mr. Cocks and the construction of the new cottage, Mr. Austin picked up boys each weekday morning to work during the day at Lochiel Park and returned them in the afternoon. After the on-site accommodation became available, Mrs. Austin said up to 20 boys were housed “in the two-storey top house” and in a single-storey building. In 1960 the Department’s annual report noted that “a separate 2-storey building” near the large dormitory was being modified to accommodate additional boys. This was completed by 1962 “with three small dormitories”. In 1964 this apparently increased to “four small dormitories”. It seems clear therefore that by 1962 Lochiel Park House itself had been adapted for dormitory purposes to house the growing number of boys. These numbers fluctuated over the years, reaching 22 by 1964. In 1965 the adjoining Brookway Park reformatory was opened by the Premier to accommodate up to 60 “junior” boys of school age, although overcrowding soon became problematic there also. Brookway Park closed in 1978. More new accommodation opened in Lochiel Park in 1970, allowing it to accommodate up to 36 boys. They were variously described over time as sub-normal, backward, unstable, slightly retarded, mildly intellectually retarded, intellectually and physically handicapped, or intellectually and behaviourally disabled. Most had also appeared before a Juvenile Court for offences. They were housed and trained at Lochiel Park for an average of about one year until they were considered ready to reintegrate into the community. It was very clear from the beginning, however, that the horticultural tradition of Lochiel Park would continue under its new ownership, with training in market gardening and fruit growing provided through the garden overseer and other staff. Vehicles and garden implements had been purchased from the previous owner (i.e. Frank Hobbs). Further supervision was provided by the Department of Agriculture, with irrigation advice from the Engineering and Water Supply Department. About 400 additional peach, plum, nectarine, and citrus trees were planted in 1948, followed my more orange, mandarin, almond and walnut trees. The 1948/49 harvest comprised an impressive 50 tons of greenfeed, 6 tons of hay, 13 tons of trombone, 16 tons of triambles (pumpkins), 171 cases of lemons, 185 cases of oranges, 18 cases of plums, 2 cases of apricots, 41 cases of peaches, and 15 cases of nectarines. This produce was distributed to other Government institutions throughout the Adelaide area. 350 bales of hay were also “sold to the trade” in 1949/50.

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The annual reports showed that the volume and variety of agricultural production at Lochiel Park increased steadily over the years, with the value of production reaching £17,000 in 1965/66: £13,000 for external sales and £4,000 for internal use by the Department’s institutions. Details of production ceased to be reported after 1954/55, but in that year Lochiel Park’s 52 acres produced an astounding “600 cases of lemons, 300 cases of oranges, 17 tons of potatoes, 3 ½ tons onions, 15 tons greenfeed, 12 ½ tons trombone, triamble and bush marrow, 2 ½ tons olives, 270 lb. almonds, 15 cases grapefruit, 116 cases plums, 360 dozen cabbages, 200 dozen cauliflowers, 350 dozen carrots, 100 dozen parsnips, 260 dozen turnips, 125 dozen swedes, 160 dozen lettuces, 130 dozen red beet, 5 cwt. broad beans, 7 cwt. french beans, 10 cwt. peas, 20 cases tomatoes, and 2 cwt. rhubarb, the total value being £2,894”. Noting that the value of production increased six-fold by 1966 the quantities of fruit and vegetables in that year must have been astronomical.

The cement water tank and Lochiel Park House are just visible among trees on the left, 1964 From 1963 dairy farming was added to the list of training and agricultural pursuits at Lochiel Park, and shortly afterward the establishment of “an extensive poultry run” was noted. Market gardening continued to be a major focus until at least 1980, when the annual report commented that there had been “a move away from farming to horticulture”. But annual reports indicated that horticulture skills continued to be taught until at least 1985.

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From about 1982 Lochiel Park House evidently ceased to be used to accommodate boys. At this time an Outreach service was developed “to provide community intervention to assist intellectually handicapped teenagers of both sexes and their families”. The service aimed to reduce the number of young people in residential care. It arranged accommodation, employment, and other assistance for young people with intellectual disabilities outside Lochiel Park. The Outreach service was located in Lochiel Park House (as indicated in the sketch map below).

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Other significant new activities included regular use of one of the residential units as “a city base for visiting country students”. The campus was also “used extensively by the community and related agencies”. This included a Riding for the Disabled Association program, which finished in 1986 but was replaced by another volunteer-run program called R.I.D.E. (Riding Inspires, Develops and Educates). In May 1989, Mr. Alexander (“Pat”) Hall retired after fifteen years as supervisor of the Lochiel program. Lochiel Park Boys Training Centre was the subject of several State Government and independent reviews. A summary of the history of the Lochiel Park Boys Training Centre was provided in the independent Finding Your Own Way report. The report of the 2008 Mullighan Inquiry into Children in State Care stated that Lochiel Park Boys Training Centre opened in 1958 with an initial focus on children with “mild intellectual disabilities, learning difficulties and behavioural problems”. They lived in “a large dormitory divided into small cubicles” and were trained in handicrafts, gardening and animal husbandry. In 1970 Lochiel Park expanded to admit boys from other institutions, accommodating up to 36 residents, but was intended as a temporary residence for children with disabilities with the aim of returning them to the community. In 1977 residential care was divided into two units, a secure unit and an open unit. From the early 1990s concerns were expressed that the “open style of residential care” resulted in “young offenders being placed in close proximity to younger and vulnerable residents”. Some reportedly absconded from the centre, prostituting themselves and associating with paedophiles. The Mullighan Report included testimony from numerous victims of sexual abuse at Lochiel Park. A 1978 Departmental report (Belcher, Cole, and Hall) said that Lochiel Park accommodated about 30 residents. The Centre aimed to provide “a balanced programme in a secure happy environment … to stimulate residents towards becoming stable, socially well-adjusted individuals functioning as independently as possible in society. It would “continue to provide accommodation and training for the young intellectually handicapped adolescent, with behavioural problems, who cannot be accommodated in the family environment”. A more-intensive review begun in 1987 described Lochiel Park’s development “from a general service for adolescent males [with intellectual disabilities] to one predominately for male young offenders in the mid 1970’s and subsequently for young men exhibiting behaviour problems”. This evolution had been generally “reactive rather than planned”. Numbers had steadily expanded since the completion of building extensions in 1970 and reached 36 by the mid-1980s. By about 1980, the Centre’s “long history of vocational training in farming/market gardening” had been “fully abandoned”. Of the 34 residents at Lochiel Park at the time of the review, all were identified as having an intellectual disability and most as displaying behaviour problems. One was epileptic, three were autistic, family conflict existed in twenty cases, nine were victims of child abuse, twelve had been neglected, seven had committed offences, twenty-six experienced “problems with sexual development”, and twenty-four needed long-term accommodation support. The objective of the Outreach Program, headquartered in Lochiel Park House, was said to be “to provide a service for families of mildly or borderline intellectually handicapped young people”. One Senior and three Residential Care Workers were assigned to the programme. Between 1982 and 1986 the Outreach Unit received 180 referrals from families requiring services from the Centre, of whom 20 were admitted after screening, 46 were accepted in the Day Program, and 37 were given respite care. The Day Program, which was established in 1982, utilised TAFE tuition. The review confirmed that the Riding for the Disabled Association and Strathmont RIDE had run programs at Lochiel Park for disabled young people; Pembroke School had used the sports oval; and approval in principle had been given for Kiwanis to use Lochiel Park for a community gardening project for people with disabilities. The review recommended a more far-sighted approach to overcome existing “somewhat haphazard arrangements”. It concluded that the population at Lochiel Park was too large for one unit, especially in view of the number of residents with “severe behaviour disorders”, and recommended the Centre be “replaced by units in the community”. The review added, regarding Lochiel Park’s physical facilities, that the grounds were still extensive although reduced from the initial 52 acres to 26 acres. The main building

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was an elongated structure whose “egregious feature” was a dormitory divided by a central passageway with eight small cubicles each side, which lacked privacy and made behaviour management difficult. The Department for Community Welfare considered the review and recommended “a number of changes”, including improvements to Lochiel Park’s physical and organisational structure, and to its treatment programs. The report printed in May 1989 was titled Community Residential Care Review Report – Foundations for the Future. It represented an innovative new community-based approach to the care of disabled children that was implemented throughout the State, evidently modelled largely on analysis of the lessons learned from experience at Lochiel Park.

Lochiel Park Community Unit was the new name adopted in 1995, when Lochiel Park was converted to community living in line with the report’s recommendations. It was also known as The Lodge. The units (in the two large buildings above) provided accommodation for children with intellectual disabilities in groups of up to eight, attempting to assist them transition to independent living and promoting partnerships with the local community. From about 1995, if not before, the Outreach Unit in Lochiel Park House was closed, and the building has evidently remained unoccupied since. The Community Unit continued to function until about 2013, and since that time all accommodation at the site has been vacant. Although significant deficiencies in welfare programs at Lochiel Park were identified by government and independent reports, it should be acknowledged that the facility provided important benefits for most of the children assigned there. For this, tribute should be paid to the efforts of dedicated staff and to the spirit and resilience of the many disadvantaged children who spent a difficult part of their lives in and around Lochiel Park House. Their experiences, as much as the lives of its more-fortunate former residents, deserve to be remembered, respected and commemorated. They are an important part of the history of our State.

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Lochiel Park Maps & Aerial Photography (Attachment B)

Lochiel Park Local Heritage listing showing Indicative Footprint (Lochiel Park green village at lower left)

Within the Indicative Footprint, the smaller hatched area is the minimum required for this nomination, including the historic entrance driveway extending from the northeast of the House to Lochiel Parkway.

Google satellite 2016 Showing proximity of Lochiel Park House (below) and Lochend House (above)

Wider Lochiel Park area showing historical property boundaries, between Torrens River and Lower North East Road

Lochiel Park in 1935-36, State Library of South Australia

Lochiel Park in 1968, Department of Environment Copyright (screen capture of thumbnail)

Note the three significant view lines between Lochiel Park House and the rest of the Lochiel Park Lands

Lochiel Park Living with Nature Plan, ‘Lochiel Park Our Achievements’, Renewal SA Corporate Brochure, Page 3 Lochiel Park House shown as Hobbs House, centre right, and included in the total park lands area https://renewalsa.sa.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/RSA_Corporate-brochure_Lochiel-Park.pdf

(Total of 8 images) Lochiel Park House Exterior (Attachment C)

Grounds

Historic

Probably taken in similar timeframe to Golden Wedding (below), photographer unknown, any copyright expired Note iron lace on verandah, and fountain

Jonah and Rebekah Hobbs Golden Wedding celebration 1907, with children & grandchildren, front steps of LP House

Illustration from Jonah Hobbs entry in Cyclopedia of South Australia, 1907-1909, page 98 Showing view of grounds and orchard from front steps, trees along River Torrens on left horizon, Lochend on right

State Library of South Australia, PRG-287-1-4-80, approximately 1937, Robjohns Collection Caption: Boy Scouts camping in the grounds of Lochiel Park at Campbelltown in South Australia. They have raised the Union Jack from a gum tree and have pitched a tent.

Rachel Wharldall, circa 1978

Sketch prepared for Rachel Wharldall, circa 1978

(Total of 16 images) (colour photographs were taken in 2016 and 2017 by Roger Irvine & Jill Whittaker, no copyright)

Lochiel Park House Interior (Attachment D)

Floor plans prepared by Rachel Wharldall, 1978

(Total of 18 images) (all photographs were taken in 2016 by Councillor Jill Whittaker and Sue Irvine, no copyright) Lochiel Park House Iron Lace (Attachment E)

Lochiel Park House (existing)

60 Lefevre Terrace North Adelaide

Lochiel Park House circa 1900 (balustrade missing)

Maid and Magpie Hotel

Lochiel Park House (missing)

Stanley Street North Adelaide Notable Events at Lochiel Park (Attachment F)

Following is a list of major known events hosted at Lochiel Park; it is no doubt incomplete:

April 1882, the Norwood Wesleyan Sunday School Picnic

April 1890, the Carrondown Baptist Sunday School Picnic, 450 guests

November 1891, a fete to raise funds for St. Martin’s Anglican Church, attended by the Countess of Kintore and Bishop Kennion

December 1892, a strawberry fete to raise funds for St. Martin’s Anglican Church

March 1892, the inaugural Liquor Trade Employes’ Picnic, about 600 guests

March 1893, the second Liquor Trade Employes’ Picnic

October 1907, afternoon tea for delegates of the Fruitgrowers’ Federal Congress during their Adelaide visit

December 1907, a continental in aid of the Campbelltown Methodist Sunday School

August 1907, the celebration of Jonah and Rebekah Hobbs’ Golden Wedding Anniversary, about 200 guests

January 1929, a continental for the new Payneham Women’s Bowling Association, and several other social gatherings for women bowlers

March 1933, an afternoon tea for 20 women bowlers from Victoria, also attended by 80 members of the local Association

September 1933, an afternoon tea for about 80 Methodist Ladies College old scholars, following a ramble from the Payneham tram terminus

November 1933, the opening ceremony for a new den built on Lochiel Park grounds by the Payneham Rover Scouts, followed by dancing and musical items

December 1933, a garden cabaret and bridge evening to raise funds for the Payneham Scouts

August 1935, an afternoon tea for the Adelaide Horse Riding Club

October 1944 and October 1945, two garden fetes to raise money for the Fighting Forces Comforts Fund, with a “large attendance”

Publications and Sources (Attachment G)

Books Apperly, Richard, Robert Irving, and Peter Reynolds, A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture: Styles and Terms from 1788 to the Present, Angus & Robertson, 1989 Austin, Mrs P., At Lochiel Park (1954-1963), typed manuscript, undated Burgess, H. T., Cyclopedia of South Australia, The Cyclopedia Company, 1907-09, vol. 2, p. 98 Cockburn, Rodney, Pastoral Pioneers of South Australia, Lynton Publications, 1974, vol. 1, p. 59 Everett, James D., From Darley to Campbelltown, Coterie Publishers, 1981 Hobbs, Ian, Thomas Hobbs and family: From Hilcott in Wiltshire to Adelaide 1849, unpublished, 2000 Holmesby, William P., Gardens to Greens, Payneham Bowling Club, Seaview Press, 2003 Jensen, E. and R. Jensen, Colonial Architecture of South Australia: a definitive chronicle of development 1836-1890 and the social history of the times, Rigby, 1980 Lapins, Raimond, Daniel Garlick: 20 January 1818 - 28 September 1902: Biography of a Pioneer Adelaide Architect, South Australian Institute of Technology, 1982 Laurence, Sarah, and Taylor Weidenhofer, City of Campbelltown Heritage Survey, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1996 Leaney, John T., Campbelltown 1868-1968, Corporation of the City of Campbelltown, 1968 Linn, Rob, Sharing the Good Earth: 175 Years of Influence and Vision, Royal Agricultural and Horticultural Society of South Australia, Historical Consultants, March 2014 Mitchell, George T. J., Payneham Methodism Church: A Hundred Years of Methodism 1851-1951, McCallum Ltd., undated Page, Michael, Sculptors in Space: South Australian Architects 1836-1986, Royal Australian Institute of Architects (South Australian Chapter), 1986 Pitt, H. H. and M. N. Wicks (eds.), The Pitt Family of Payneham, The Central Times, November 1977 Robertson, E. Graeme, Adelaide Lace, Rigby, 1973 Swinbourne, Robert F. G., Years of Endeavour: An historical record of the Nurseries, Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Horticultural retail outlets of South Australia, South Australian Association of Nurserymen, June 1982. Warburton, Elizabeth, From the River to the Hills: Campbelltown 150 Years, Corporation of the City of Campbelltown, 1986 Warburton, Elizabeth, St. Peters: A Suburban Town, Corporation of St. Peters, Warburton, James W., Payneham: Garden Village to City, Corporation of the City of Payneham, 1983 Who’s Who: South Australia Centenary 1936, Amalgamated Publishing, 1936, p. 197 Wicks, M. N., An Historical Family Account of Thomas and Parker Bowman and a genealogical record of the twelve children of Thomas and Catherine Bowman, Fox Publishing, 1979 Theses Wharldall, Rachel, “This Splendid Estate”: a study of rural villa architecture, Architectural Thesis, 1978 Reports Annual Reports of the Department of Children’s Welfare and its Successors, 1946 to 1997; including all references to Lochiel Park. Belcher, H., D. A. Cole, and A. H. Hall, The Development of Lochiel Park as a Resource-Consultancy Centre, 1978 Finding Your Own Way: A guide to records of children’s homes in South Australia, Nunkuwarrin Yunti of South Australia, July 2005; especially Section 4: Government Homes, Lochiel Park Boys Training Centre Review of Departmental Services for Persons with an Intellectual Disability, Department of Community Welfare, December 1987 Mullighan, the Hon. E. P. QC Commissioner, Children in State Care Commission of Inquiry: Allegations of Sexual Abuse and Death from Criminal Conduct, 2008; especially Chapter 3.1 Institutional care, Homes for children with disabilities Lochiel Park Boys Training Centre / Community Unit, 1958-present, p. 127-135 Newspapers Relevant articles in South Australian Newspapers were researched through extensive keyword searching of the National Library’s Trove digitised newspaper database, many of which are referenced in Attachment B. These references were extracted from a research database of all Trove articles examined, with active links to the source articles. (This database, which includes active links to the articles, totals approximately 200 pages.) Transcript Mayne, Marilyn, Transcript of a presentation to a History Day for Hobbs Family descendants, organised by Tony Uren and the Campbelltown Historical Society, 2009

State Level Significance of Lochiel Park House (Attachment H)

Lochiel Park House was designed by one of South Australia’s leading architects of the early colonial period, many of whose other extant buildings already have State Heritage status. It is an outstanding surviving example of one of his most elegant and harmonious designs for a substantial rural villa, and is representative of other rural dwellings he designed throughout the State.

Its two earliest single owner-occupants, David Mundy and Jonah Hobbs, were both prominent actors in the State’s history who played a major role in the pioneering establishment of its pastoral, horticultural, and fruitgrowing industries, and were major benefactors and patrons for churches, hospitals and other benevolent causes, not just in their own locality but across a wider area.

David Mundy was one of the earliest pioneers to arrive in South Australia. (He was included in the photographic collage “The Old Colonists Banquet Group”.) Before building Lochiel Park House, he spent two or three decades developing extensive pastoral properties in the north-east of the State (including Mundi Mundi, which he named), and later accumulated significant other valuable properties and mansions in Adelaide, including Ellangowan in St. Peters (no longer extant) and Durnford House in Largs (extant).

Jonah Hobbs – an especially industrious and inspirational figure, and gardener par excellence – played a particularly important role in the development of the State. He developed from modest beginnings a very large-scale fruit tree nursery which became “one of the largest cultivators of fruit trees near Adelaide”. This nursery, along with others on a smaller scale, was instrumental in ending South Australia’s reliance on the eastern States for imported fruit and fruit trees, becoming for a period probably the largest single supplier of nursery stock for the rapid expansion of the fruitgrowing industry in South Australia. After he moved out of the nursery business, Jonah Hobbs’ Lochiel Park orange orchard was repeatedly described as the largest, or among the largest, in the State. Rebekah Hobbs was also one of the State’s earliest pioneers.

Jonah and his son Harris Hobbs OBE, played from the beginning a leading role as exhibiters, judges and council members over many decades in the Royal Agricultural and Horticultural Society (becoming Vice- President and Chairman respectively). They played similar roles in the East-End Market and the South Australian Fruitgrowers’ Association. An 1860 memorial to the Adelaide Council about the location of the East End Market confirms, by his signature, that Jonah was one of the earliest producers to take vegetables and fruit to the Market. Jonah and Harris were both directors in the East-End Market Company. In later years Jonah was described as “one of the best known and most high respected [names] in the district surrounding Payneham for over half a century”, and his son came to enjoy a similar stature.

On top of these earlier state-level impacts, perhaps the clearest example of a very direct connection between the State and Lochiel Park is the fact that it was purchased by the State Government in 1946, and for seventy years under State ownership made a major contribution to the care and education of large numbers of disabled and disadvantaged children from across the State. Lochiel Park House itself provided accommodation for senior Departmental staff, for the boys themselves, and functioned for several years as an Outreach service providing non-residential care and support for hundreds of young people with intellectual and behavioural disabilities, and their families, from all areas of the State. It should also be emphasised that Lochiel Park under State ownership continued to actively pursue its horticultural tradition, producing impressively large quantities of fruit and vegetables as part of its training programs and for distribution to many other Departmental institutions, with the surplus being sold to the market to help fund the Department’s programs. In its later years, experience at Lochiel Park helped provide a basis for innovative community-based reforms to the provision of support for children’s welfare throughout the Department’s institutions.

Through the Mundy and Hobbs families, and through its ownership by the Department of Children’s Welfare and successors, Lochiel Park House also had connections and relationships with several other State-level organisations. Newspaper accounts record that David Mundy, Jonah Hobbs, and Frank Hobbs all hosted numerous large-scale and memorable visits to the grounds of their property for visiting dignitaries, church groups, strawberry fetes, unionists’ picnics, sporting groups, etc, etc (see Attachment F), illustrating the significance of the locality not just for the Campbelltown district but also for the wider Adelaide region Florence Hobbs played a prominent public role at the State level as President of the South Australian Women’s Bowling Association. She was also a supporter of the S.A. Scouts movement. David Mundy was a supporter of the predecessor of the Royal Society for the Blind. Under State government ownership Lochiel Park supported Riding for the Disabled and similar organisations, and schools throughout the State used it as a “city base” for excursions to Adelaide.

Lochiel Park is, moreover, co-located and has a shared history with State Heritage-registered Lochend House, and has a shared boundary with the innovative and successful State-sponsored Lochiel Park model green village. Both Lochend and Lochiel Park House have been classified by the South Australian National Trust since 1979.