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Image of Science in Social and Political Mass Media of Russia

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Image of Science in Social and Political Mass Media of Russia ISSN 0798 1015 HOME Revista ESPACIOS ÍNDICES / Index A LOS AUTORES / To the ! ! AUTORS ! Vol. 40 (Number 10) Year 2019. Page 26 Image of Science in Social and Political Mass Media of Russia Imagen de la ciencia en medios masivos sociales y políticos de Rusia DOLGOVA, Natalia V. 1; OREKHOVA, Yelena Yu. 2 & BADELINA, Mariya V. 3 Received: 15/12/2018 • Approved: 22/03/2019 • Published 31/03/2019 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Methodology 3. Results 4. Conclusions Bibliographic references ABSTRACT: RESUMEN: The article deals with the current problems of the El artículo trata sobre los problemas actuales de la formation of the image of science in Russia, the formación de la imagen de la ciencia en Rusia, cuya creation of which is the result of the efforts of creación es el resultado de los esfuerzos de los scientists, the media and the state. The authors prove científicos, los medios de comunicación y el estado. the interest of the state in large-scale representations Los autores demuestran el interés del estado en las of scientific and technological achievements, which representaciones a gran escala de los logros are considered an indicator of the socio-political científicos y tecnológicos, que se consideran un significance of the country. The image of science is indicador de la importancia sociopolítica del país. La analyzed in the context of social and mass media imagen de la ciencia se analiza en el contexto de las inquiries, as well as a result of the activities of science consultas sociales y de los medios de comunicación, communication aimed to ensure competent, así como el resultado de las actividades de systematic and operational interaction between comunicación científica destinadas a garantizar una science actors and the public. Image representations interacción competente, sistemática y operativa entre of Russian science are reviewed on the materials of los actores científicos y el público. Las Russian socio-political Internet media (“Rossiyskaya representaciones de imágenes de la ciencia rusa se Gazeta”, “Nezavisimaya Gazeta”, “Komsomolskaya revisan en los materiales de los medios de Pravda” and “Moskovsky Komsomolets”). The variants comunicación socio-políticos de Internet of scientific subjects are given and technologies of ("Rossiyskaya Gazeta", "Nezavisimaya Gazeta", mass-media positioning of the image of Russian "Komsomolskaya Pravda" y "Moskovsky science are revealed. It is indicated that the image of Komsomolets"). Se dan las variantes de los temas science is created by means of ascertaining and científicos y se revelan las tecnologías de recognizing the merits of Russian scientists, it is posicionamiento de los medios de comunicación de la noted that image constructs arise through the imagen de la ciencia rusa. Se indica que la imagen de repetition of the concept “Russian scientists”, as well la ciencia se crea mediante la determinación y el as in the context of news materials on scientific reconocimiento de los méritos de los científicos rusos, achievements and potential of different regions of se observa que las construcciones de la imagen Russia. The authors describe such technologies of surgen a través de la repetición del concepto creating the image of science as: appealing to the "científicos rusos", así como en el contexto de los “glorious past”; using the image of “youth in science”, materiales de noticias sobre Logros científicos y mentioning the first persons in the country and large potencial de las diferentes regiones de Rusia. Los organizations (for example, state corporations) in the autores describen tales tecnologías para crear la context of scientific reports; identifying the activities imagen de la ciencia como: apelando al "pasado of Russian scientists with the achievements of their glorioso"; utilizando la imagen de "jóvenes en la foreign colleagues. ciencia", mencionando a las primeras personas en el Keywords: Image of science, science país y grandes organizaciones (por ejemplo, communication, popularization of science, mass corporaciones estatales) en el contexto de informes media, journalism. científicos; identificando las actividades de los científicos rusos con los logros de sus colegas extranjeros. Palabras clave: imagen de la ciencia, comunicación de la ciencia, popularización de la ciencia, medios de comunicación, periodismo. 1. Introduction Scientific discoveries contribute to the systematic improvement of the quality of life and bring human civilization to a new level of social development. Without the achievements of science, it is impossible for a single social subject or institution to function. The direct dependence of social progress on science and high technologies naturally leads to a social demand for the popularization of scientific knowledge. This is due to the peculiarities of the development of the modern economy. According to the theories of economic growth (the author of studies on the integration of innovations into the economy of growth, Paul M. Romer was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2018 together with William D. Nordhaus), technological progress is currently considered as the result of investing in innovative ideas and projects. The press release of the Nobel Committee states «Romer demonstrates how knowledge can function as a driver of long-term economic growth. When annual economic growth of a few percent accumulates over decades, it transforms people's lives <…> Paul Romer solved this problem by demonstrating how economic forces govern the willingness of firms to produce new ideas and innovations. Romer's solution <…>, laid the foundation of what is now called endogenous growth theory. <…> it explains how ideas are different to other goods and require specific conditions to thrive in a market» (The official website of the Nobel Prize, 2018 ). The involvement of mass media, which act not only as a channel for transmitting information to target audiences, but also as an indicator of the strategic importance of popularizing a scientific topic - social and political media is actual and timely in the implementation of the request for the popularization of science. The aim of the article is to analyze the role of science communication in popularizing scientific knowledge, characterizing the image of science and identifying the technologies of its creation in the Russian news political editions of state relations. The image of science as a social institution and a complex of ideas in the system of social consciousness has repeatedly become the object of scientific understanding in many scientific papers. The attention of researchers focused on the role of the media in shaping the attitudes of target audiences. The study of the impact of scientific and technical support of the state on the formation of the image of science in Russia, the identification of strategies and technologies for the popularization of science has become the object of consideration by a number of Russian scientists: R.N. Abramov, R. P. Bakanov, E.E. Yemelyanova, V.V. Omelaenko, A.G. Vaganov, V.G. Surdin, A.V. Yurevich, I.P. Tsapenko, N.V. Litvak. Characteristics of the image of science were analyzed in the articles of E.A. Volodarskaya The problems of the activities of science communication as a public relations sphere have been repeatedly investigated by foreign researchers: B. Trench, G. Gauchat, M. Shipman, J. Franklin, B. Terrill, K. Makino, W. Göpfert, and others. 2. Methodology The methodological basis of the study is based on systemic, interdisciplinary, functional, instrumental and informative approaches. Analysis of the formation of the image of science in Russian media is impossible without a systematic understanding of its status in the scientific, technical and socio-economic policy of the state. The system approach allows to consider the conditions of scientific representations in modern mass media, as well as reveal the outcome of relations between science actors, target audiences and the state. The system approach is applicable in describing the role of science in the development of the state and in creating a public demand for its popularization in the media. The interdisciplinary approach used when considering the image of science takes into account its information and communication specifics, social and psychological role. The sociological approach to the study of mass media is conditioned by the study of objects within the framework of their interaction with social processes, and the philological approach makes it possible to analyze the language features of popular science texts. To characterize the socio-political mass media from the point of view of their fulfillment of informational, ideological, educational and ideological functions, a functional approach is used. Within the framework of the instrumental approach, the analysis of the media is carried out as a means of solving strategic or tactical decisions on the popularization of scientific knowledge. The studied mass media materials represent the actualization of opinions and judgments about reality, which makes it necessary to use a meaningful approach oriented to the consideration of media content. The study used a set of methods: a literature review, description, comparative analysis, content analysis, synthesis, induction, and monitoring. 3. Results An integral part of the socio-economic policy of the state is its science and technology policy, since science is involved in meeting social needs. Yu.T. Sharabchiev writes “… among the diverse functions of science, one of the most significant is the social
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