A taxonomic revision of the Scopariinae from the Macaronesian Region (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae)
MATTHIAS NUSS. OLE KARSHOLT and MARC MEYER
Nuss, hl.. Karsholt, O. 6: Meyer. hl.: A taxonomic revision of the Scopariinae from the Ent. Sean hlacaronesian Region (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae). En!. scaiid. 28: 509-55 1. Copenhagen, Denniark. January 1998. ISSN 0013-871 l. Sixteen scopariine species and tu'o subspecies, of which five are undescribed, occur on the archipriagos of the Azores, bladeira, the Canary 1s.. and the Cape Verde 1s. Four new species, Scopcirin cat-~dlioisp. n., Eirdotiin shnfferi sp. n., E. pnninrigirsrn sp. n., E. getnitiojkiiosn sp. n.. and one new subspecies Eiidotiia litieoln dorcih ssp. n., are described. Seven species are transferred to the genus Eitelotiici Billberg: E. itirerlitienlis (Warren, 1905) comb. n., E. Iicteitsnlis (Hairnpson, 1907) comb. n., E. rrielniiogrciphn (Hampson, 1907) comh. n., E. stetio- r(i (Wollaston. 1858) comb. n., E. scorielln (Wollaston, 1858) cornb. n., E. lindbergalis (Viet- te, 1958) conib. n.. and E. decorelln (Stainton, 1859) coiiib. n. The status of Eiidonin litieoln rcifirellcr (Chrctien. 1908) stat. n. is chanzed from species to subspecies. Eiidonin ciecorello (Stainton. 1859) comb. n.. sp. rev., forinerly regarded as synonym of E. srenorci, is confirmed as a valid species. Five new junior synonyms of Eiidoiiia species are given: Scopnria coeriile- oriticro Hampson, 19 17 syn. n. of Eiidotiin litieoln rnfirelln, Scopnrin wollnsrotii Bethune- Baker, 1894 sy.n. of Eiidotiin scorielln, Scoparici tiinderetisis Rebel, 1939 syn. n. of Eiido- riia clcjcoreila, Scopcirio irripririlk Dyar. 1929 syn. n. of Eiidoriin nrigiisten, and Scopnrin viresceris Rebel, 1896 syn. n. of Eirdotiin lineoln. Eisht lectotypes are designated. The taxo- noiiiic and choroiogical results indicate that the colonisation of the archipela,oos took place by passive dispersa1 on the ocean surface currents and winds. Each archipela_oohas endemic scopariine species and the number of endeinic species iiicreases in proportion to growing dis- tance froni the continents. The ancestors of the Azorean Scoporin species were of nearctic orisin, whiie the species of Madeira and the Canary 1s. shou aftinities to Europe and north- ern Africa. except that E. scorielln from Madeira 1s. seems to be of nearctic origin. E. hd- Dergcilis from the Cape Verde Archipelago show similaritiec to E. liwola, E. pnnicirigiisra and E. gr/~iiiiofie.virosnfroni the Canary 1s. The successful colonisation of oceanic islands by Scopiiiiinac seeins to be correiated tvith the prerequisites: dispersai abiiity. adaptation to a huiiiid cliniate. and niosses and lichens as larva! food. 11. Kuss. lnstitut für Spsteiiiatischr. Zoologie, Museuni für Naturkunde. Invaiidenstr. 43, D- i O i 13 Bcrlin, Gernianp.
O. Karsholt. Zonlogical hluseum. Unijersity of Copenhagen. Universitetsparken !5, DK- 3 100 Copeiihagen. Denmnrk. c
hl. hlr.)er. Orscholzer Str. 15. D-66706 Peri-Kesslingen. Germany.
1 t t n roduc ion endeiriic species of this subfamily from these Tlie biogeographical region 'Alacaronesia' coiii- archipelagos. At the ttirii of the ciriitury Bethiine- prises the archipelagos of the Azores. hladeira. Baker ( 1 S91). LVarreii ( 1905). Hanipson ( 1907). Canary Is., and Cape Verde 1s. The tirst records of and Clirétien ( i 90s) described a nuniber of scopa- hlicrolepidoptera froni this region date to the riine species fioiii this region. Rebel (1917) suin- niiddle of the last ceiitiir!'. The earliest ptiblicn- ni:irised these results and concludcd that the over- tinns are those of LL'olliiston ( 1858). Stiiiiitoii al ntiiiiber of lepidopteran species decreases pro- ( 1 S59). Morelet ( 1860). Droiiet ( 1 S6 I ). Felder portionally ivith gro\\ing dictance from the conti- (1862), and Godiiinn (IS70). Only the first fwo nents, \\.hereas the niiniber of Scopariinae increas- authors nientioned Scopariiiiiie describing tliree es. He stated that an 'oceanic character' of an U
5 10 Niiss. Al. et d. ENT. SCASD. \.OL 2S:4 í 1997)
hlap 1 . Northern Mid-Atlantic Ocran. ArroLvc show the surface ciirrents (after Schuleikin 1953). island is determined by the nuniber of endemic conclusions about reiationships u ithin the Macar- species. Thus, the Scopariinae could indicate the onesian region and to taxa froni adjacent regions. degree of oceanity. The origin of the Macaronesian scopiiriine fauna Fi-oni 1 S92 iintil 1940, Rebel published a nuni- is discussed bvith respect to the geological history bei of papers about the lepidopteran fauna of the of the Macaronesian Islands aiicl to tlie curreiits Atlmtic Islands that are still valid in many and winds of the Atlantic Ocean. respscts. After the iiiiddle of oiir century, publica- tions about the Macaronesian region were niainly Geographical and ecological aspects restiicted to faiinistic lists (Carthy 1957; Bradley of the study area 19.7s: Gxdner R: Classey 1960; Carvalho 19S2, .. 1992. 1996: Vieira & Piiitureaii 1991. 1993). Up The four archipelagos are sitiiiitecl iii tlie lower to nmv. thz tasonomy of the hlacaronesian Scopa- latitiides of the northeastern Atliiiitic Oceiiii and riiniit. wi.; tinsiitisfactory, due to niisidentifica- forni the biogeographical region .hl 'icaronesia' . tions. Tiie present revision of 1.931 specimens. Receiitly. botanists piit into qiiestioii tlic \ iew of a inclticliiis type speciiiiens, resulted in the discov- biogeographical homogenity of tli i \ icf ion (Liip- ei" nf nen. tasa. tasoiioriiic and nonieiiclatiiral nitz 1995: Beyhl. hlies R: Ohiii IV96). Tlis archi- climges. The rs\.ised classification allo\vs to dfiiu. pelagos are scattered oi'er 2.700 hiii iii I:ititiide,
lo40 -7600 4000 1400 800 700 350 400
1O0 'O0 ~ 160 i 460 I.300 900 1800 EST. SCAKD. VOL. IS:4(1997) Scopariine Cranibidae of the hlacaronesian Region 51 1
1.800 km in longitude. having a total area of near- left, niainly on Corvo, Flores. Siio Jorge, Faial, 1'. 15.000 km?. An overview of the region ir given and S5o Miguel (Santos 1990). iii Tables 1 8: 2. and hlap 1. The Madeiran archipelago is coinposed of the Since the Jurassic period, when northern Amer- niain island hladeira. the island Porto Santo situ- ica. Greenland, and Eiirope \vere still joined, vol- ated 40 kni NE, and the three Desertas (Chao, canic activity has persisted in the Atlantic Ocean Deserta Grande, Bugio) that are situated 20 km (Stets 8: Wurster 1982). The first volcanic islands SE of hladeira. Porto Santo is surrounded by tiny of the Atlantic Ocean have long vanished, e. g. the islets. The archipelago lies within the North-East eastern end of the J-Anomaly Ridge is the foun- Trade Wind belt in summer. In winter the winds diition of an Early Cretaceous reef (Ernery 8r from Lvest and southwest cause abiindant rains. Uchupi 1984, see Map 1). These fornier islands Dry and hot east Lvinds from Africa, Lvhich are could have functioned as stepping stones, reduc- short-li\,ed, are no regular events. The climate is ing considerably the distances for dispersa1 quite honiogenous with a daily temperature bet\\.een land areas (compare Table 1, Map 1). amplitude of 5°C and the annual variarion reach- The development of the present islands of Macar- ing 6°C. The northern coast is considerably wetter onesia began in the Cretaceous period or later and cooler than the southern coast. Annual precip- (Robertson gí Bernoulli 1982; Rothe 1986). Al1 itation is 3000 nim at higher altitudes on Madeira hlacaronesian Islands are of submarine, and later (Santos 1990). The laurel forests are reduced to subaerial volcanic origin. Vertical movenients are the island of Madeira to altitudes between 700 indicated by liniestone sediments in terrestrial and 1300in (Liipnitz 1995; Santos 1990). The rocks on al1 Macaronesian archipelagos (Mitchell- extreme eastern part of Madeira (Ponta de Sáo Thomé 1976; Schmincke 1982). As to the age of Lourengo). Porto Santo, and the Desertas are the islands, permanent appearance above sea leve1 semi-arid as they lie in the rain shadow of Madei- is relevant for biogeographical interpretations ra. Eiiphor.lia piscaror-ia Ait. and Echiiini rwt-vo- concerning terrestrial elements. The earliest pos- siim Dryand. are xerophytic doniinants and repre- siblr time for colonization by terrestrial animals sent eleinents of the mediterranean flora (Liipnitz and plants .is called 'age of subaerial shield 1995). Therinophilous laurel forests dominated by phase'. Jiiriiperi[s yhoeriicn Linnaeus \vere the natural Tht Azores are situated on the eastern slope of vegetation of Porto Santo, they have been totally tlie hlid-Atlantic ridge, rising from depths of destroyed (Lüpnitz 1995: Santos 1990). The 2000 ni. They are composed of nine inhabited Desertas are al1 heavily grassed, without any tree islnrids (Table 2) and the Rocas Formigas, a group and on the top of Deserta Grande there is a pla- of reefs approxiniately 35 km northeast of Santa teau covered \\,ith lichens (Karsholt). hliiria 1. The Azores are the northu,esternniost The Selvagens Archipelago lies 160 kni north islands in the hlacaronesian region. showing a of Tenerife at 30"OG'N 15'5S'W. It comprises c slightly cooler climate. The coldest nionth is Feb- nine islets plus niany small rocks. banks, and ruar! \i.ith an a\.erage teinperature of 14.3"C. the ieefs; some are subnierged at high tide. Selvagem iiottest is August ivith 22.3"C. The rainfall Grande is the biggest islet tvith an area of about drcrrases frorn ivest to east. varying from 57 (dri- 3.5 kni? and a niasiniuin elevation of 153 ni. The eit nionth)-200 (bvettest nionth) inni o11 Flores to oldest subaeriiil volcanic rocks and sediments are 1 S-S-3 nini on Santa hlaria (hlitchell-Thomé. of hliocene epoch (hiitchell-Thoni; 1976). The 1976). October to Januiiry is the periocl of highest flora consists of xerophytes aiid hiiloph>.tes (Liip- rainfiills and July is iiiiziriably the driest nionth. nitz 1995). The prevailins \vinds in tlir \vesterti and central The Ciiniiry 1s. are tlie best investigiited Macar- islands conir fruiii north. nortli\vest and south- oiiesian iirchipelago (Rothe l9S6). in addition to eht. In the eastern group the Kortli-East Trade tht. set'eii islancls listed in Tiible 2 tive islets have \\'inds are reguiar, escept u.hen south \ves[ ivinds to be nclded: Alegranza, Roque del Oeste, shon. a doniinance in Lvinter (hlitchell-Thonié hlontaiiíi Clarii. Roque del Este. aiid Graciosa; al1 1976). The natural vegetiition of al1 islands was a sitiiated north of Lanzarote 1.. and Lobos north- special type of evergrern forest, reaching from the east of Fuerteventura 1. The Canzry 1s. are the coast ~ipto the top of the niountainc (Lüpnitz largest archipelago of the region and the Pico de 1995). Today. th-ere are only a few relict forests Teide on Teiierife 1. is the highest mountain of al1 ..
5 12 Miss, M. et al. EST. SCAND. VOL. 28:4 (1 997) Table 2. General features of the archipelagos (Fernandopulli 1976, hlitchell-Thomé 1976. Schmincke 1982,Roths 1982). The islands are arranged in northwest to southeast direction. average maximal av. annual av. annual geographical area high age temperaturc rainfall coordinates (km:) (m) (MY) ("C) ímm) AZORES total: 2341 Corvo 39'42'N 31'06'W 17 718 17,6 1047 Flores 39'27's 31'1 1'W 143 914 17.4 i 430 Graciosa 39'03';": 28'02'W 61 402 ? 17,2 99 1 Sáo Jorge 38'38'N 28'01'W 246 1053 <1 ? 17,4 1 o45 Faial 38'35';": 28'43'W 173 10.43 <1 ? 17,3 1240 Pico 38'29" 28'17'R' 446 235 1 <1 ? 17.3 1195 Terceira 38'43'N 27" i2b' 40 1 1021 <1 17,2 1130 Siio Miguel 37'47'K 25'29'W' 757 1103 4 17.3 968 Santa Maria 36'58'N 25'07'W 97 587 4-5 17.3 652 iMADEIRA 1s. total: 8 12 Madeira 32'44'N 16'58'W 728 1862 2-3 183 602 Porto Santo 33'04" 16'20'W 69 517 12-13 19,o 355 Desertas 32'3 1 'N 16'30'b' ca. 14,s 478 ? c> CANARY 1s. total 7600 Hierro 27'45;": 18'00'W 278 1501 2-3 ? 426 La Palma 28'38" 17'52'W 730 2423 2-3 19,0 586 Gomera 28'06" 17'12'W 350 1482 12 19,3 410 Tenerife 28'30'K 16'30'W 2058 3718 5 21,1 420 Gran Canaria 27'56';": 15'32'W 1532 1950 133-14 19.6 325 Fuerteven tura 28'28" 14'45'W 1725 807 17 2 1.0 147 Lanzarote 29'OS'N 13'39.W 796 67 1 15-17 20.5 135 CAPE VERDES total: 4033 >5 Santo Antiio i7'04'N 25'10'\V 779 1979 22,6 475 Siio Vicente 16'5 1 *;": 24'59'W 227 774 23,6 175 Santa Luzia 16'46'K 21'45'W 35 395 ? 3 Branco 16'39" 24'41'LV 3 321 ? ? Raso 16'37';": 23'36'b' 7 164 ? ? S5o Nicolau 16'36'iV 24" i5'W 343 1304 23,9 300 Sal 16'43.K 22'56'W 216 406 23,5 95 Boa Vista 16'05'K 22'50'b' 620 390 240 275 XlüiO 15'13'K 23'10'b' 269 436 ? 373 San Tiago i5'05'h' 23'29'1F' 99 1 1392 21,6 455 Fogo 14'56'N 24'24'W 476 2829 22.1 665 Brava ll"5 1 'N 24'43%' 61 976 21.5 400 c
Atlantic Islands mith an altitude of 3718 m. The arid climate. The western islands of higher eleva- discovery of fossil ostrich eggs on Lanzarote 1. tion, Hierro, La Palma, Gomera, Tenerife, and \vas the main argument for the existence of a for- Gran Canaria, have a cooler, more hiirnid cliniate. nier land bridge bet\veen the eastern Canary 1s. The niean monthly teniperature depends on alti- and Africa (Rothe 1964). HoneLer. geological tiide: it varies from over 20 "C in the siibtropical studies have as yet not provided evidence for such zone at sea leve1 to below 10°C in the subalpine a land bridge (Schniincke 19S2: Rothe 1986). The zone above 2000m altitude. In the Ivinter nionths, climate is infliienced b\ the rain bearing h'orth- Janiiary and December, frost and snon' is com- East Trade Winds and the \Vesterhes. Lanzarote 1. nion above 2000m altitude (Fernandopullé 1976). and Fuerteventura 1. do not benefit to the same The potential occurrence of the evergreen forests extent from the wet North-East Trade Winds is lirnited to the western and central islands at alti- because of lower elevations and the hot and dry tudes between 500-1000m (Santos 1990). at high- 'Harmatta?' wind from the Sahara cause a semi- er altitudes replaced by a subalpine flora and ENT. SCAND. VOL. 28:1(1997) Scopariine Cranibidae of the hlacaronesian Region 5 13 finlis carzcrr-iemis Srnith forests (Lupnitz 1995). Ocean currents and winds Xerophytes dominate the lower elevations of the Dispersa1 and migration of lepidopterous adults western and central Canary Is., as well as the east- follow the rnain currents and winds of the oceans ern islands. An overview of the Canary 1s. plants (Ferguson et al. 1991, Guilmette et al. 1970, Peck is given by Kunkel (1993). Based on the discov- 1991 a, b). The current pattem of the North Atlan- ery of fossil wood, Schrnincke (1967) pointed out tic (Map 1) is dorninated by the great North that forest occurred on Gran Canaria in the Mid- Atlantic Gyre, a roughly circular systern in clock- Pliocene epoch. Srnall fossil tree trunks indicate \vise direction. It is stimulated by the North-East the occurrence of a plant cover on Fuerteventura Trade Winds between 10" and 30" North in the during the Pleistocene epoch (Rothe 1986). eastern Atlantic and by the Westerlies between Today, no forests occur on the semi-arid islands 40" and 60" North in the western Atlantic. The Fuerteventura and Lanzarote. Gulf Stream flows north along the Ainerican coast The Cape Verde 1s. have been studied least of and leaves the coast as the North Atlantic Current al1 Macaronesian archipelagos. In addition to the carrying wrni waters towards north-westem 12 islands listed in Table 2 there is the group of Europe. The current swings in a southern direc- srnall islands Ilheus Secos, coniprising 7 islets, tion through the influence of the North-East Trade north of Brava. The largest islet (1438" Winds and transporting cool waters southwards to 24'42'W) has an area of 2 km' with the highest the equator. This slow inoving current is the altitude 96rn (Mitchell-Thorné 1976). There is the Canaries Current which becornes the North Equa- possibility of forrner inter-island connections by torial Current across the Atlantic. East of the Ca- the cornmon shallow shelf of Santo Antáo and ribbean, the Antilles Current closing the circle. Sáo Nicolau, but connections to the African conti- The speed of the niain circulatory currents is usu- nent are improbable (Rothe 1982). The islands lie ally about 10 kni a day, but the Gulf Strearn may in the western part of the Sahel Zone with a hot, travel more than 130 per day (Brarnwell desert-like climate. Teniperatures are of an equa- km 1977). The prevailing ivinds show seasonal oscil- torial type, with srnall annual fluctiiations. At Iations, especially kvhen anticyclones develop higher altitudes, teniperatures are coolor and there ober the Sahara. Then, the dry, and hot '- is more precipitation: the mountains of Santo Harniattan' blows out froni the desert for a few Ant5o have an annual rainfall of 4000 mrn. days (Mitchell-Thonié 1976). Tho Hiirniattan Lvhereas 20 krn abvay, on the lmv. leeward coastal have its greatest influence on the Cape Verde Is., nrea anniial iainfall may be only 300 rnm. The \vhere he anioiint to 6 55 of the aniiual u.inds (- North-East Trade Winds bring relative huniidity Osang 1991). It ~{asobserved that Noctuoidea of about 70%. During the sumnier. the hot and .- \Lere cairied uith this wind froni northern Africa dry Harniattan wiids blow froni the Sahara to Madeira (Classey 1966). and a sLvarin of the (Mitcheli-Thoni$ 1976). Most of the islands are pyraloid species Aror1rop/ii/~7riocrirellci [Denis &: barren and dry except above 45Oin ivhere xero- S ch i ffe rni ii I I r] a nd Uílcc7 frrwgoliJ (H ii bne r) to phytic vegetiition (primarily Eiipliorbi~7tiickeyíriui t' tlie Azores (b'olff 197 1 ). Steudel) occurs (Liipnitz 1995). In the highlancls of San Tiaso and Santo Anta0 still esist some of the ori_rinally forests of the cool tropical type The evergreen forests of Rlacaronesia ( ivl itc he1 I -T homé 1 976 ). The teriii 'evergreen forest'. called *liiurisilva' or The Bernitida 1s. do not belong to tlie Macaro- *liiiirel forest'. ineiins any tj'pe of niiiltilayered nesian Repioii. but have to be discussocl iii a bio- harclu.ood forest of non-deciduous trees and geographical contest. The preseiit islaiids shrubs hiiviris liiurifolius Ieii\.es. In the hlacarone- emerged 500.000 yeiirs ago as coral reefs and sian region. dominaiit species are meiubers of the were 650 km' above sea lzvel in the Pleistocene friniily Lauriiceae (Santos 1990). In addition, epi- epoch. Today. there are only about 51 krnz above phytes and lianas give the forest a tropical look. sea leve1 and is the second subaerial shield phase Relative huiiiidity is about 70% and precipitation of the Berniudqs. The coral reefs \vere built upon is between 400 to 3000 niin, and is essential for tlie top of a subrnerged volcano that erupted about the sustenance of the forests. Frost is probably 30 rnillion years ago (Ferguson et al. 1991). one of the most iniportant constraints to the altitu- dinal distribution of laurisilva. Without the influ- 5 14 h'iiss, M. et d. Eh'T. SCAKD. VOL. 28:4 ( 1997)
Table 3. Distribution of the scopariine species on the hlacaronesian Islands. * Only one specimen is knoivn. Abbre- viations: AZORES: Co =Corvo. FI =Flores. Gr =Graciosa. Jo =S5o Jorge. Fa =Faial. Pi =Pico. Te =Terceira. Mi =SHo hliguei. Ma =Sta. Maria. AIADEIRA: Ma =Madeira, PS =Porto Santo. De =Desertas. CANARY ISLANDS: Hi =Hierro, Pa =La Palma, Go =Gornera. Tf =Tenerife, GC =Gran Canaria. Fu =Fuerteventiira. La =Lanzarote. AZORES CANXRY ISLANDS CAPE VERDES -o FI Gr Jo Fa Pi Te Mi hla -li Pa Go Tf GC Fu La,Santo AntHo - - - - - Scopciricr cieqiriperitialis X X X X X s. ccr I-\'cr IIi oi X X S. setiiiatirplcilis X X X X S. coeciriicicirlnlis X X X X Eiiclotiici ititerliriecrlis X X X X X E. Iirteiisalis X X X E. iirelatiographa X X X E. scor-iella E. decorello X X X E. stetiotci E. shaffer-i E. liiieolcr tcifirella X X X E. litieoln dornda E. atigrisreei X X X E. parí*iarigiisrn E. getiiirio/le.wosn X X E. liiidbergalis
ente of human, this type of forest bvould cover a laston 1858; Stainton 1859) and since them rela- greater part of the island's surface: 30% on the tively little additional inaterial has became avail- Canary 1s. (but absent from Lanzarote and Fuerte- able. The speciniens for this study were collected ventura). 60% on Madeira, and 80% on the by Niels Wolff and his assistants between 1970- Azores. It is absent from the Selvagens, and from 1977 (ZMUC). by Ole Karsholt in February 1979, the Cape Verde 1s. (Kunkel 1993, Liipnitz 1995). June-July 1993. Octoher 1994, and April 1996 Its origin can be traced back to the existence of (ZMUC), and by Marc hleyer in May 1989 and tropical forests covering the Mediterranean area JUIY 1991 (HM). Only a few specimens were during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs (Santos available from the smaller islands of this archipel- 1990). These forests \vere generally destroyed and aso. replaced with human settlenients surroiinded by Only 15 species of Lepidoptera are known agricultiiral land. For exaniple, less than 1% of from the Selvagens archipelago (Carvalho 1951; the original laurel forests are left on Gran Canaria Carvalho 1996). No Scopariinae were found on (Kunkel 1993). Relicts (often secondary vegeta- the islets. tioii after cutting and biirniiig) are limited to inac- The lepidopteran fauna of the Canary 1s. has cessible, steep valleys. mainly on the northuest- received the rnost attention. between 1S93 and ern aiid northerii slopes (Santoi 1990). 193s it \vas revielved eight times by Rebel (see Rebel 193s for referencrs). During recent yexs inaterial has been collectecl froni differeiit isliinds; Riaterial and niethods nevertheless. \\.e consider the scopariine fauna of Although niost scopariine species occurrin_oin the the Cannry 1s. less well investipated thnii that of Azores u ere already described duriii_r the begin- the Azores and hladeira. nins of this century (N'arren 1903: Hampson The only material a\ai Iable froin the Cape 1907). most of the material available for this Verde 1s. \vas that collected on S. Ant5o by study \vas collected recently, niainly by Marc H.Lindberg (3O.xii. 1953). aiid by Paneliiis Meyer in July-Augiist 1990 and July 1994 (H/M). ( 1 .i. 1951). al1 beloiiging to the saiiie species. No material was available from the northwestern- Smaller collections of Macaronesian material most island of Corvo. \vere available from various museuriis and private On Madeira, the first microlepidoptera were lepidopterists (see Acknowledgeinents). In all, collected in the niiddle of the last centiiry (Woi- 1.934 specimens were investigated. Data about EST. SCXSD. VOL. X-1í 1997) Scopariine Crambidae of the hlacaronesian Region 5 15 distribution and flipht periods are only recorded from material examined in this stiidy: published records are not inciuded. An overvieiv of the dis- tributiori is @\,en in Trible 3. The preparation of the genitalia folloived Rob- inson í 1976).
Abbreiiations
BXISH - British hluseuin (Satiiral History), London. C.K. CKC - Cnnadian h'ational Collection, Ottaua, Can- ada. HiXl - Hiirbusch 8: hleyer, Germany. JPC - Jose Pasos de Carvalho, Oriras. Portugal. Review of species hIISG.4 - hluzeul de Istorie Naturala 'Grigore An- tipa', Bucuresti. Roniania. Geniis Scoparici Hanorth MSHS - hlusée niitionril d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. France. Scoparirr Hiiivorth. 18 I I : 495: Chapinan 19 12: 507; hlRSN - hlu~eoRsnionale di Scienze Katurali. Tori- Leraut 1954: 160. Type species: Tirieci pyrileilri no. Italy. [Denis ¿Q Schifferniülier]. 1773: 135, by subsequent NHM - iiattirhistorisches Museuin. Vienno, Austria. designation by Ciirtis 1827: pl. 170. NMV - iiational Museum of Victoria, Melbourne. Australia. Diagriosis. - Male genitalia with a long and dis- NHRS - Natiirhistoriska Riksniiiseet. Stockholiii. tally pointed iinciis, a free dista1 extension of the Sbveden. sacciilus, aiid corniiti in thc aedeagus: females ShIS - Staatliches hluseum fiir Naturkunde, Karls- ruhe, Germany. ivith a streak like signiini on the corpiis bursae. USS>l - Uriited States National Museum of Natural History, Washington, USA. Rer~turks.- Within Macaronesia Scoparia is rep- ZMUC - Zoologisk hliiseuni. Copenhagen, Deninark. ressnted only oti the Azores 1s. The four species Zhl - Institiit fiir Systernatische Zoologie, hlu- have the follouing characters in comnion: male - setini für Nattirktinde. Bsrlin. Germany. a slightly stocky iinciis. a thickened saccits, which ZhIU - Zoological Museuni, University of Helsinki. Finlarid. is bent iipbvards. and a haiiius in the retinaculum ZSB - Zoologischr Samiiilung des Bayerischen (Fip. 33); female - Corpus bursae with area adja- Stiiiites. hlunicli. German!. cent to signuin ivith retictilate pattern. opposite side Lvith extensive field of inivardly directed tiny spiiies. ductus biirsae \iith a short sclerotised col- lar posterior to ductus seniiiialis. S. seriiirtiqhlis and S. c.oc.cii,iriciilcrli.~sscondarily iost the cornuti in the aedeagus: the other tivo species, S. aeqiri- periiirilis and S. can~illioi. have corniiti. The Azoreaii specieh of Scopitria are closely related to tivo species froiii the Nearctic Region: Scuparia Diplqicili.~U'alker (kliiiiroe 1973: 40; Miinroe 1974: pl. 2 fip~16 -39. pl. B fig. 8. pl. G fig. 7) fro ni nort he rii A iiisri c a. aiid Sco/iflrirr joi t esa/is Dyar (Fcrpiisoii et al. 1991: 10. 37. 73. fips 60, 6 i. 203ii-c) froiii ths Bsriiiiid;i< 1s. S. jorirsnlis mid S. />;p/(igiu/i.~do not posses a hamiis in the mds retiiixiiliiiii. nor do thcy have coriiiiti in the iiedeiyiis. Thrss t\i'o Keartic 2nd the foiir Azorean spccits iirc a iiionoph! Ietic proup. the Scoporin I>i/~ltr::ilrli.r-speeic~proup. Their syiapoinorphy is tlic iiiirro\\' aiiJ 5hoi-t sclsrotisation of the ductus bur~aeciiiitiLil to tlis irissrtion of the ductus senii- iiill i i;, , EST. SC,\SD. \'OL. 2S:4 ( 1997) I
.. 5 1 s '\U\\, .\/. f't u/. EXT SC:\XD. \'OL. 2S:4 (1997) EST. SCASD. \'OL. 2S:4 í 1997) Scopariine Cranibidae of the hlacaronesian Region 5 19
'Holot! ps Scopiiria aequipennalis \\'nrren det. 51. h'usi' corniittis: fsrnale-ducttis bursae not looped, but t B5ISH). ~itha bolt. anterior to dticttis seniinalis. AZORES. FLORES: 3 ü' S;liit:i Cruz. 19.iv.1903. Gmit (BSINH). 1 (Y. 1 Q smis ewept. IOOiii. Descriptioti. - \Yingspan 15-1 7 nim (n=24). 3.1 iii.1990. hleycr (H/SIi: 1 ü' sanir eucept. Pedra Alta. Antennae filiforni. tinclsrsids ciliate. upperside 375in. 7.\ iii. 1990. hlsyer íH/5lj: 1 ü' Caldeira Cornpri- d.1. 5SOiii. S.viii.1990. hleyer íH/5I). GRACIOSA: I 0. scaled: base of flagellomeres white. distally pale I Q Caldeira. 400rii. 77.iv.I903. Grcint (B5ISH). SAO broivn: legs, head, thorax and abdomen white; JORGE: 1 (Y above Calheta. 3.v.1903. Grant (B5lNH): labial palpi porrect. but not niuch longer as the I Q saiiie ercepi. 4OOiii. 5.v. 1903. Gront (BMSH); I (Y niaxillary palpi. bvhite. brown in the middle. siiine ercspt. 9.v.1903. Grant (CSC): I Q Pico das Cal- deirinhiis. 700111, 16.viii.1990. hleber (KLISS);3 U, 3 Q Foreuings broad, grey grotind colour is a niixture Ssrra do Topo. SOOrn. IS.vii.l994. Xlqer (HIM); I Q of black and u,hite scales, u.ith a predominance of Iliiiagreira. 29.ii.1903. Grant (B5ISH). FAIAL: 1 U Lvhite scales: stigniata black, niixed with ochre- above Hortii. 333111. 26.v.190.3. Grnnt íBhISH): I Q otis: base near costa nith t\vo sniall black spots; central. 633111. 25.v.1903. Grant (BX'ISH): 1 Q Norte Pequeno. 300ni. I I.viii.1990, hleyer (HAI): 1 (Y, 1 Q fasciae kvhits. with little contrast to the ground Ssrra da Feteirii. Cabeco Redondo. SjOrii. 12.viii. 1990, colour; antemedial fascia edged \vith black [O the XIeyer (Hlhl). PICO: 2 (Y. 1 Q belou Pico, 333111. niedial area; tbvo black antemedial stigmata, with 15.v.1903. Grlint (BhlSH): 2 0. I Q Cima da Siheira. octire filled and claviform, Lvith a third, claviform 3.vii.19SI. Carvalho (JPC): 3 U. 3 Q Fuma Frei hlatias. 9Ooiii. 15.vii.1994. hleyer (Hlhl): 1 ü' hlisterio Prainha, stigmri. directed towards the discocellular stigma, 3OOiii. I5.vii.1994. hleyer (H/SI): 3 Q Cabeco da betiveen the tu'o black ones; discocellular stignia Rocha. SOOrn. 13.viii.1990, hleyer (Hhi. ZMUC); 2 0, X-shaped. filled \vith ivhite. soinetimes more or 5 Q Cabecinhos. 480111. I4.viii.1990. hleyer (HDI. Iess edged ivith brown; tobvards costa a black h'uis): 2 Q Norte Pequeno, 500ni. 17.vii.1994. hkyer (HAI): 3 (Y. 2 Q Pico Caveiro, 9OOiii. 14.\ii.1994. hlq- spot: postmedial and subterminal fasciae form an er (Hlhl): 3 (Y. 3 Q Sao Roque do Pico, I5Oiii. X; a white \vxy line along the termen; fringe of 13.vii. 1994. hleyer (HIM): 3 Q Silveira. hlisterio, 4ooiii. three ro\vs. inner row dark grey, second row I4.vii.1994. hleyer (H/hl, Nuss). TERCEIRA: I (Y \vhite, outer ron bronn; hindwings light grey and 24.x.1978, Carvalho (BAISH): 2 (Y Crater above Rey- inho, 666rn. Grant (B'rlSH): I Q Pau Velho. 2S.x.197S. transparent. terminal area dark w.ith a light post- Carvalho (BMSH): l U Pta. Serreta. 26.iii.1979, Car- medial fascia: fringe as in forewings. valho (JPC): 1 (Y Santa Barbara. 600ni. 19.vii.1994. hlale genitalia: Aedeagtis with a sickle-shaped hleyer (H/hl): 2 ü', 4 Q Serrii da Labacal. SOOin, cornutus. ivhich has two smaller aiid soine very 2O.vii.1994. hleyer (HM). SAO AIIGL'EL: I (Y 270ni. 26.iii.1903. Graiit (B5lNH): 6 U. 3 Q Furniis. v.1969. thin cornuti at the base. Piiiker (SMS): 17 ü'. 13 Q sanie escept, I I.v.-3.vi.1969. Feinale pitalia: iVith the typical characters of Pinker (S5lX): 1 Q hloiite Eictiro. Loiiib;id;is. 600111. tlie genus Scoprin. Corpus btirsae large. globular; lI.vii.1994. hle)er (HíX.1): 3 0.I Q Planalto dos Gr.i- ductus bursae ivith a bow anterior to ductiis senii- iiiinhois. 700iii. II.vii.1994. hle'er (Hí5I. h'iiss): 2 U Cii1drir:i Velha. 300ni. 9.\ii.1994. hle!.er (H/Xi): I ü' nalis. Serra ..vi¡. hlqer (Ntiss): da Troiiqueirn. SOOiii. 1994. 2 hlnrei-icil c~.~ci/iiirictl.- Holotype (Y 'Holotypus', 0.2 Q same elcept. SOOni. II.\ii.1994. hlcyer íHDl): I '30.7.1990 P-Acores/ Santa hlariii 2 kni NE Ch9 de Siio 0 sme escept. 6OOiii. 39.\ii.1990. hleyer (HIXIJ: 3 0. Toiiii 35Oiii Ieg XI. hIe!er'. 'Holotjpe Scopnria carval- 4 Q Setr Ciiiides. Pico Cariao. 500iii. 9.\ii.1994. hleyer hoi Ntiss. Karsholt. hleyrr drt. hl. Nuss. 3995' (H/5I). S.4ST.A R1.4RIA: I cr S:io Pcdro. 3.iii.1903. (B5ISH). Piirxt'pes: 7 ü', 4 Q same (H/X.I. h'tiss. ZM, Grmt (B5ISH): I Q Siio Peilrn. .3.\.1903. Griint ü' / Z5IUCl. I '14.7.1994 P-Acores Pico Silveira L.F. * (B51SH): 2ü' sarne eucept. 1.v. 190.;. Griiiit (B5INH). hlist6rio / 4OOiii les. hl. hleyer' (H/hl). I Q '15.7.1994 P-.4cores Pico L.F. Furna Frei hlatias hlistirio 9ooiii D;.s~r;/7l/f;oti.- Eildeinic tO the Azores. Ieg. Al. hleyer' (BXISH). 1 Q '19.7.1994 P-AcoresTrr- ceira S:iiit;i Barhiirii L.F./ 600111 Icg. hl. hlqer' (Hlhl). I Ii'i~log~.- Kiiowii tlight psriod: 79 Fehrtiiiry to 7Q 0. I Q 'AiquipClciy do.; Apres llha Pico Loc. E. longi- Octoher. 1iidiii:il 4/7/19SI col. Pii\sos Cmiilho' (JPC). I Q 'Arqiiip2Iq~dos Aqorrs Ilhii Tercririi Loc. Paii Velho A'cttiu/kr. - Rehel (1940~pl. 7 tigs 5. 10 & 1.7) I1/7/l9S l. col. P~issosCiiniilho' (JPC).3 ü'. I Q .Arqtii- ii1ii;id~iitifiedthiet sp?ciiiieiis c~tE. ttlt,/~lti~~gt.í1/7~t~p6l:iSo dos Aqores Ilha Trrceira Loc. Bic:ii 26/6/1981 p.ri\ws .. Cw\iillio. IJPC. Al. h'iiss). I Q 'Arqiiip2lagO dos a5 S. otqiri/)ctitiíilis. Aqores 1lh:i Tsrceir:i LOS. Bica.; I1/7/19SI COI. Pasos C:ir\iilho Ant6iiio Cciiitentc.' (Sti~s~.I (Y 'Azores: Fajiil Scoynria cnrwllioi sp. n. C;ildeirci J.\ii. Stori'. 'Sc. seiiii:iiiipl:ilis IYxr.' [det. Rchel] (SH51, icoiiip;irr Rsbsl. 1940~:.33). (Al1 piirii- íFis\ 4. 34.33.7 I ) t! pz.; \\ irli a rdIiihel 'Paratypti5' aiid :i lahrl 'Piiratype Ssopri.i c:ir\iillio¡ $ti\.;. K:irshult. hlqer dct. ,II. h'tiss. Di[rgiiosi.s. - hlale-aedeagus 11 ith a sickle-shapecl l993..) EST. SCASD. L'OL. 28:J 1997)
37
c
39 EST. SCASD. VOL. X-1í 1997) Scopariine Cranibidae of the Macaronesian Region 57 1
Derii cirio riotiriui.y. - Thc speciei is narned after the Lahiical. 8OOiii. 20.vii.1994. hlejer (Siiss): I 0 Bicas. Porttiguese entornologist. J. Pahsos de Car\alho. 26.vi. 198 l. Carvalho R: Contente (JPC): I Q Paii Velho. 19.v.19S3. Carvalho (JPCj: 10.5 Q Veredas. 34.x.1978. Disrribirrioii. - Endeniic to the Azores. Kno\vn Ciirvalho (BhiSH. JPC). SAO AIIGUEL: 6 D. 2 Q Fur- froiii Faial, Pico. Terceira 2nd Santa klaria. niih. v.1969. Pinker (SMX): 2-1 0. 11 Q Ftirnas. 1I.b.- 3.vi.1969. Pinker 611s): 7 D. 1 Q Xlonte Escuro, Lom- Biolng,~.- Known flight period: 36 June to 30 hadas. 600ni. 12.vii. 199-1. hleyer (HN. Kuss): 2 Q Cal- Jiily. deira Lelhii. 300ni. 9.vii.1994. hlejer (HN. Ntiss); 2 0 Sena dii Tronqtieira. SOOni. 12.vii. 1994, hieyer (HOl); Reitinrk.7. - The species is similar to specimens of 5 D. 4 Q carne except. 600rn.29.vii. 1990. Meyer (Hhl). S. crrquipeiiiinlis froni SHo Migiiel. SAKTA RIARIA: I Q Cha de Sao Tome, 35Om, 3O.vii. 1990. Meyer (H/hlj. Scopcirin seniininplnlis Warren Disfriburio~i.- Endeniic to the Azores: recorded from al1 Iarger islands except Corvo and Graciosa. (Fiss 5.6. 3s. 39.69) Scopciriti se,iiiciriipltrlis \Vari.cn. 1905: 446: Carvalho Biolog?. - Knoun flight psriod: 6 ApriI to 21 19S2: 181: Rebel 1917: 18: Rebel 1940~:8, 32 (key). October. 35: Vieira ti Pintureau 199 I : 33; Vieira & Pinttireau 1993: 110. Reriinrks. - Holotype Lvith a dark medial area of the forewings. Rebel (1940~:35) recorded this Dingiinsis. - Wing pattern shining black and yel- species on the basis of one niisidentified specirnen lo\\.: niale-aedeagiis withoiit corniiti; female-duc- from Faial. This is preserved in the collection of tus biirsae ivithoitt loops. the NHM and selected as paratype of S. camalhoi Descripfiori. - Wingspan 13- 16 nim (n=103). sp. n. Upperside of head and thoras black and shining yellow; labial palpi upright with short scales. Foreivings with the typical pattern of Scoparia but Scopnrin coeciiiinciilnlis Warren shiiiing yellow \vith black admixtiire, in sonie (Figs 7. 8. 9.40.4 l. 70) specimens a predominonce of black; antemedial Scopcrrirr coecit~itií.iiItr/isWarren. 1905: 4-15; Carvalho and postmedial fascia broad and yellow; subter- 19S2: ISI: Rebel 1917: 18; Vieira & Pinttireau 1991: niinal fascia approximated to postinedial fascia in 33: Vieira & Pintiireau 1993: 110. the niiddle, thin totvards costa. posteriorly broad: Scoptrrio cnc,cininctr/olis: niisspellinp. Carthy 1957, Rebel 19-10~:S, 32 (Ley). pl. 1 fip 13, 1-1 (as Scopnr- ivith tkvo black antemedial stigmata, of indistinct iii Iiireiisrrlis). shape caused by surrounding black scales; disco- celluiar stigriia black aiid )<-shaped; termen shin- Dirigriosis. - Male-valvae douiiciirved. aedeagiis iiip >ellon.: tiindtvinps uhite or prilr grey, darker ivithout corniiti: femiile-base of ductiis biirsae pre! touards ternien. underside with a discocellu- tliickened. one loop hefore ductiis seminalis. a ];ir stignia and postiiiedial fascia: fringe of the Drscriprinii. - LVingspan 16-30 nini (n=l77). formiiigs grey. that of the hiiidtvings \vhite. Foreivings light ochreous nith black pattern; fas- hlde genit:ilia: Like that of S. neqiiiperirialis, cix Lvhitish. edged with black adjacent to medial biit aedeagus without cornuti. area: stigniata black, suffiised by ochreous; basa1 Feiiiiile genitalia: Dtictiis biirsae without loops. arca light ochre. at base iii niiddle sonie black ii/crrt,i.itrl c.uurriricd. - Holotj pe U 'Holotype'. 'Repuin- spots: anteinedial stiginata hlack. roughly oval, ho. Terccirii. ,700 ft.. 6 April 0-3. 10.Griiiit).'. 'Scopariii sonietinieb suffiised by ochreoiis sciiles: discocel- wiiii:unpliili< Tlpc Q LL'arr.'. 'P>riilidx Brit. Xlus. Slide lular stipiiia X-sliaped. distiint froiii the postiiiedi- xvo. 3777'. 'Holot\!x Ssonariii seiiiiiiiii~iiiiisLL'arren det. 51. Xtiss' (B\l%H). ' al tkcia. tonxrdh costa a dark spot: postmedial .AZORES. FLORES: I Q Xlohteiro. 3OOiii. fiiscia closel!. approsiiiicited to subtrriiiiniil fascia, foiiiiiiip aii X-shapc': a bliick \v;i\.y liiir alonp ter- iiicii. bordeisil \\ ith Ivhittt to the niiirpiii of the wiiig: friiiptt grq. indistinctly stripcd: hitid\viiip n Iiits. soiiieu hiit traiispimnt. diirk at apes and u itli aii iiiterriiptstl pis! postiiisciial fasciii. friii_oe whitisli brou 11. Ahoiit thrett perceiit of al1 speci- iiittiis have in the fors\vings a predciiiiiiiantl~~black EST. SCASD. L'OL. 78:1(1997)
41
4L 43 EST. SCASD. VOL. 28:1 (1997) Scopariine Crambidae of the hfacaronesian Region 523
Feniale genitalia: Corpus bursae ovoid: anterior that are attracted to shipboard lights are regularly portion of ductus bursae thickened, a fold anterior transported behveen Galápagos 1s. Compare to ductus seminalis. chapter on 'Doubtful records and species' below.
riltrreritrl osfrrfiirietí.- Lectotype. hereby desiyated. 0 'Lectotjpe', 'Above Calheta S. Jorge. 1200 ft.. 7. hlay Genus Eiidotzia Billberg 03. (O. Grant).', 'Scoparia coecimaculalis. Type Q W'arr', 'Pyralidae Brit. hlus. Slide No. 3776'. 'Lecto- Eiidoriia Billberg. 1820: 93; Chapman 1911: 507 type. Scoparia coecimaculalis b'arren. det. M. A'uss' [Oidorin]:Leraut 1981: 16 1. Type species: Pllnknetzn (BMNH). Paralectotype: Q same, except 'Paralecto- Tiiien nierciireila Linnaeus, 1758: 538, by monotypy. type'. 8. hlay 03. 'Paralectotype Scoparia coecimaculal- is LVarren det. hl. Kuss' (BMSH) (Abdomen in capsule Diagiiosis. - The genus is distinguished from Sco- on piii). paria by morphological characters of the genital- AZORES. GRACIOSA: I Q Caldeira. 400m. ¡a: the males have no cornuti in the aedeagus, no 26.iv.1903. Grant (BMSH). SAO JORGE: 2 U, 1 Q Manadas. 600111. 16.vii.1991. Meyer (Hfil); 2 Q Pico free dista1 extension of the sacculus and the iincus das Caldeirinhas. 7001~1,I6.viii. 1990. Meyer (Hhl); I is dorsally rounded or bilobed. The females have 0, 2 Q Serra do Topo, 800m. 18.vii.1991. Meyer (HM. a well sclerotised, more or less rounded signuni FAIAL: 3 U,16 Q Norte Pequeno, 300111. 1 l.viii.1990, on the Corpus bursae and a loiig sclerotised por- Meyer (H/M Nuss). PICO: 1 Q Silveira, 3.vii.1981. Carvalho (JPC); I Q Calhau, 250m. l6.vii.1991, hleyer tion between ductus seminalis and antrum. In the (H/M); I Q Fuma Frei Matias, 900m, l5.~¡¡.1991,Mey- hlacaronesian Region, the males of al1 species er (HN): 8 U, 83 Q Cabeco da Rocha, 800ni. have a hamus in the retinaculum, except E. lineo- 13.viii.1990, Meyer (H/.\I, Nuss, ZMUC); 5 U, 12 Q In. Cabecinhos, 480m. 14.viii.1990, Meyer (HN); I Q Norte Pequeno. 500m. 17.vii.1991, hleyer (Hhl); 5 Q Sao Roque do Pico, 15Oni. 13.vii.1994, Meyer (ml). Eiidotria interlitiealis (Warren), comb. n. TERCEIRA: Pau Velho: 3 Q 19.v.1983, Carvalho (JPC): 3 Q smie except, 18.i.1979, Carvalho (BMKH, JPC); I (Figs 10. 1 I 42.43.73) U same except, 18.i.1971, Carvalho (BM'IH): losame except. 13.vii.I9SI, Carvalho (JPC); 1 U same except, 1 Scoprin iriterlitienlis Warren, 190.5: 446; Carthy 1957: Q lS.i.1971, Contente (BMSH); 2 Q same except. 212; Carvalho 1981: 181; Rebel 1917: 18: Rebel 1 I.vii.l981. Carvalho & Contente (JPC): 1 Q sanie 1910~:S. 32 (key); Vieira & Pintureau 1991: 33; except. ZO.viii.1982. Carvalho (JPC): 2 Q sanie except, Vieirli & Pintureau 1993: 110. 13.vii.19SI. Carvalho íJPC); 4 Q same excepr, Scopnrin iriter/iriea/ir ab. pniliciirnargirinlis Warren, 2S.x.1978. Carvalho & Contente (JPC): 1 0 sanie 1905: 446; Rebel 1917: 18. except, 13.vii.1981. Carvalho & Contente (JPC): 1 U sanie except. 5.vii.19SI. Carvalho (JPC): 2 U sanie Dingmsis. - Forewings long and narrow, dirty- except, I?.vii.l9SI. Carvalho (JPC): I Q Serra de Santa Ivhite, antemedial and postmedial fascia triangii- Barbxx 1000ni. 1S.viii. 1990. hleyer (Hhl): S.40 lar. directed totvards the medial area. RIIGUEL: 1 Q Fumas. 22.-21.v., Stori (SHhIj: 1 Q hlonti. Escuro. Lonibadas. 600111. I2.vii. 199.4, hleyer Descripriori. - Winpspan 14-1 8 mm (n=94). (Hhl). SANTA MARIA: 1 0, Z 9 Chii de Sao Tonie. 350iii. 3O.vii. 1990. Meyer [HhI). ForeLvings with some sexual diniorphism in hl.ADEIRA: 1 Q Serra de Aya. 660111. 7.ix.1973. shape. with costa more convex and being slightly Loniholdt R: Wolt'f (ZhIUC). broader in males, and the apex more pointed in the feniale; dirty uhite, pattern weak; antemedial Disriibiifiori. - Endemic to the Azores. abundant. fascia concnve in basal area, basal area sometimes but no records froni the northuestern islands Cor- with a black spot; fasciae of ground colour, black vo and Flores. There is one female froni 'hladeira edged to the niedial area: subterniinal and post- Serra d'Agiia 660111 7.is. 1973 Loniholdt 6 Wolff niedinl fascia together forming an X; tu'o black, les.' (ZRlUC) (see belon.). cliiviforiii antemedial stigmata. the more costal Bioiogy. - KnoLvn flight period: 1s Jariuary to 38 one not al\vays connected uith fascia: discocellu- Octobsr. no records froni J~iis. lar stigriia X-shaped. ivith a blrick spot at the cos- ta: space betlveen veiiis near termen black; first Kciiic7rk.s. - RebeI [ 1940~)figiired the species on row of fringe grq. second row whitr: Iiindtvings pl. l. ti?. 13 R: 11 as Sroptiiitr Iiitrirsnli.s. Lvhite. brown tobvards ternien. fringe \vhite. There Tht' siiigle feriicile of S. coPc.i/iitic.iilali.~ füliiid is variiition Ivith n treiid to\vards n rsdiiction of on hladeira had prohnblp driftet froiii the Azores blxk scales tvhich are replaced by ochre scales. 01' prrhaps liad beeii transportsd by ship. Silber- Ths \vin_r pattern of such speciniens is less con- gliecl ( 1978). for esaiiiple. slioud thnt iiisects trxsted. The aberatio ~~ci~li~j/ri~r~;ria~j.~has a LP EST. SCASD. VOL. 2S:4 (1997) Scopariine Crarnbidae of the hlacaronesian Region 525
broivn. triangular suffusion froni the basa1 area to Povoacao. 300111. IO.vii.199-1. Xleyer [H/Llj: I O Sera the termen of the foreLvings. \vith costa. tlorsuni da Tronqiieini. SOOni. 12.vii.1994. Xleyer (HAI): 1 0 and fringe \vhite. Sete Ciadeh. 5OOrii. 23.iii.1903. Granr (BMSH): 3 O, 1 Q Sete Citiides. Pico Cnrvao. 500ni. 9.vii. 1991. hleyer híale genitalia: Unciis long ancl narroLv. distally íHíL1). SAST.4 XIARI.4: 2 Q Cha de Süo Tome. 350111, straight, laterally slightly convex, with long hairs: 30.\ii.1990. Xleyer (H/LI). giiathos aboiit as long as iinctis: valvae long. dis- tally broader and round, ventral and dorsal mar- Di.yriibiifiori. - Endemic to the Azores. gins slightly concave: jiixta long cone-shaped: Biolog~.- KnoLvn flight period: January, hlarch to vi nc tiliim narrow. Aiigtist. October to Noveiiiber. Feinale genitalia: Corpus hursae globular, sniall. signiim ovate: diictiis bursae u.ith two Re~ii~irk.~.- E. iiireilirircríis \vas often confused loops: ovipositor long. u,ith E. ciiigiisreri (Carvalho 1952; Rebel 1910~; Vieira R: Pinrureau 1991). a species which does Mtrrerinl e.wiiihed. - Scop(irin itirer1iiiedi.r: Holotype Q 'Holotype'. 'Caldeira. Graciosa, 1200 ft. 26. April 03. not occiir in the Azores. (O. Grant).', 'Scoparia interlinealis Q Warr', 'Q Pyrali- dae Brit. hlus. Slide No, 193SO' [GU Kuss 3701. 'Holo- type Scoparia interlinealis \i'arren det. hl. Nuss' Eiidoriin iiiteiisalis (Harnpson). comb. n. (BMNH). Scopnrin iriterlirii,nlis ab. piillirlii~icrrgOicili.í: (Figs 1, 44.45. 72) Lectotype. hereby desipnated. O 'Lectotype', 'Sta. Cruz, Graciosa, 22. April 03. (O. Grant).'. 'Scoparia Scopiwin liirrirsnlis Haiiipson. 1907: 23: Carvalho 1992: interlinealis nb. pallidimarginalis Type Q \\'arr.*, 'O 265; Rebel 1917: 1s: Rebel 1940~:32 (key). 32. pl. Pyralidae Brit. Mis. Slide Ko. 201 55'. 'Lectotype, Sco- l. figr 13, 14 [as Broi/Frr/ion iersicoloreiln]: Roesler piirin interlinealis ab. pnllidiiii~irloinalis. det. hl. Nusi' 1958: 71: Roesler 1993: 2-19: Vieira & Pintureau (BLINH). 199 1 : 33: Vieira R: Pintureati 1993: I 10. AZORES. FLORES: I O Caldeira Seca, 9.-21.vi.. Scoprrria lriretisis; Rebel 194Oc: S. rnisspelling. StorA (KHLí): 1 O Santa Cruz. IOOni, 3.viii.1990. hley- Bi.nrf~rr/ioiri~orsicolorello Rebel, 1940~:30. pl. 1, figs er íH/Xl): I sanie escept. IjOm, S.viii.1990. bleyer 1 l. IZ: Carvalho 1952: ISO: Roesler 19SS: 71: Roes- (HILI). GRACIOSA: 1 O Caldeira, I5.i. 1979. Carvalho ler 1993: 249: Vieira R: Pintiireau 1991: 33: Vieira & (JPCj: 5 O sanie except. 4Ooiii. 26.iv.1903, Grant Piiittireau 1993: 110. (BXISH): 1 O saiiie except, 27.iv.1903, Grnnt (BMKH). SAO JORGE: 1 D. I Q above Callietü. 400ni. 5.v. 1903. Dingrio.sis. - This large species is distinct from Grmt (BhlNH. CNC): 13 O, 2 Q Serra do Topo. SOOiii. the very similar E. irireiliiiedis by thr contrastful IS.\ii.1994. hleyer (H/AI. Ktiss). FAIAL: I O 29.viii.l9S2. Carthy (BhLISH): I O -3O.viii.1952. Carth! and attractive Lving pattern of predoniinantly yel- (BXISH): I Q above Hortii. 333ni. 24.v.1903. Grant lo\v ochre. kl'orn specimens of E. liireirsolis can be (BXISH): I QAreeiro. S.\ii.l9SI. Ciirvalho (JPC): Z O. easy confiised Ivith E. iiiwriiiiedis. 2 Q Korte Pec]iieiio. 3OOiii, I I.v¡i¡.l990.hleyer (H/XI. . PICO: I O 17.\iii.1952. C;irth! (BkINH): 1 0, I Desciipriori. - LViiigspiin 17-33 niiii (n=39). .1952. Carthy (BllSH): I 0 Cerrado de Soiiicas. Large: iipperside of bod) aiid foreu.ings domi- 85Oiri. 13.vii. 1994. hleyer (H/bI): I Q Estrxlü longitudi- nal. 4.v¡i.I9Sl. Carvalho (JPC): l Q saiiie ehcept. naiitly yellou ochre: forebvinps with obvious wing 5.\¡i.l9SI, Cnrvalho (JPC): I O. I Q Norte Peqiieno. pattern: basa1 area \vith a large black streali: ante- SOOni. l7.vii.1994. híeyer (H/XI); 3 O Pico Caveiro. medial and postniedial fascine white, conspicu- 9OOiii. I4.vii. 1994. hleyer íH/XI. Kiis): 2 O S;io Roque oiisly black edged tobvards inedia1 arca: antmedi- c do Pico. 15Oiii. 13.\ ii.I994. hleyer íH/LI): I O Silveira. hli>terio. 4OOiii. I1.vii. 1991. hle!er (H/bI). TERCEI- al fiiscia esteiiding triangtilary into nisdial area: R.4: 2 O Bicas. I I.\.ii.l9SI. Carvdho R: Contente n ith oiie anteniedial bliick stigiiia. viirying froin a (JPC): 2 O Crateii. abwe Reyiiiho. 666111. Grnni little spot to a loiip streiik across entirs media1 (BlISH): I O Piiii \'elho. IS.i.I979. Coriteiite (JPC): I iirea: postiiiedial fiisciii in posterior hdf with tri- Q siinie e\sr.pt. II.vii.I9SI. C;ir\;ilho (JPC): I O. 2 Q S:iiiie escept. 24.x.197S. Contente iJPC): 2 O. I Q Ptci. angular indeiitiiion. directed tonrirds nicdiiil area. Strreta. 27.iii.I979. Canalho (BlISH. JPC): I O Rcgii- in costal half straipht. sornstiiiiss with an indenta- iiihii. 723111. 6.iv.190.3. Griint (BlISH): I 0.2 Q Serrii tion oppnsitc thc discocelltiliir stigiiix dissocsllii- ilii Lahaciil. SOOiii. 20.\¡¡.1994. Xli.!er (HA¡): I Q SerrLi 1;ir sti~i1i:i vLir'.iIlg fioiii a SiilCill spot to a de Santa Bnrbxn. IOOOiii. IS.\iii.I990. Xli.>er iXii\s): I x, Q \.'c~~.íki~.Coiiteiite (JPC). S.40 hllGCEL: I O BLIIQS- al\va) s coiinected with the postniedinl fiiscia: siib- 5;i. Sei.i-a de '4y;l di. P.iii. 900,1,. Ih.\ ii.1990. Llcyer teriiiiiial fiisciii \\hit?. siiffiised by ochre sc;iles. í Hill): 5 O.4 Q Furii:i\. I I .\,.-.3.\ i. 1969. Piiiker (SllS): edpsd uith bliick aloiig the iiinei iii.i_'' icin. conciive I 0. I 9 miic e\cept. Petir.i\ de G:ilego. -3SOiii. tmmls teriiicii iiiid not connectsd with postmedi- 26.t ii. 1990. Xlqer (HAI):2 O hloiitt Esciiro. Loiiiba- ~IS.6OOiii. II.~ii.1994.Xieyei. (H/lIi: -3 0 Plciiiiilto do\ al fasciii: ii blach lins at ternien: frinse light Gr.iriiinhiiis. 700111. I2.vii.l991. llqer (H/ll): I D. I Q ochre: hindniii~sivhits with a light ochrs termi- 576 Niiss. M. eral. EST. SCASD. VOL. 284 (1997)
nal shade. interrupted by a Lvhite ribbon: fringe dark \vith chieñy black scales, ivith sprinkling of white, toLvards apex ochre. \vhite scalcs: fasciae white; basa1 area black. hlale genitalia: Similar to E. interlinealis but lvhite towards [he antemedial fascia: antemedial itnciis distally slightly pointed and medially fascia \vith tivo black claviforrn stigmata. which notched; valvae slightly shorter and distally are obscure becaiise of dark surrounding area; two broader. uhite patches in the medial area, one in the mid- Female genitalia: Corpus bursae globular to dle and the other betueen the discocellular stigma ovoid, signum ovnte; ductus bursae with one great and the postmedial fascia. near the costa: disco- loop, posteriorly followed by a boa; ovipositor cellular stigmít E;-shaped, black. towards costa long. characteristically fillrd with white; postmedial M(iíerin1 e.rnrnitieti. - Scopnrin Irríeiisnlis: Holotype Q and subterminal fasciae form a X. they are inter- 'Holotype', 'Azores. 84.72.'. 'Scopana luteusalis typc Q rupted by black scales, especially middle part of Hmpsn.', 'Holotype Scoparia luteusalis Harnpson det. subterminal fascia: fringe with first row black, Al. Kuss' (B.MNH). Brndyrrlion ,*ersicolorellri: Lecto- second one grey; hindwings grey, darker towards typs Q 'Azores: Fayal Caldeira 4.vii. Stora', 'Bradyr- rhoa versicolorella Rbl. Type Q', 'U. Roesler Q GU: termen and apex: fringe as in forewings. 9457'. 'U. Roesler/ Lectotype', designation by Roesler Male genitalia: Unciis long and narrow, distally 19S8 (KHM). ' roiind: valvae ventro-distally with a pointed pro- AZORES. SAO JORGE: I O Sena do Topo, 800rn, cess, sacciis thickened. lS.vii.1994, blsyer (Hhf); 1 O sarne except, 800rn. 17.viii.1990, Meyer (Nuss). PICO: 3 0,1 Q Gorda, Female genitalia: Corpus bursae large, ovoid; 9.vii.1929, Balfour Browne (BMKH); 2 O, 20 9 Lajes signuni nearly as long as corpus bursae; ductiis do Pico, Cabeco da Rocha. SOOrn, 13.viii.1990, Meyer bursae short, thick. without loops; ovipositor (HN.ZMUC); 2 Q Sao Joao, Cabecinhos, 480111, long. ll.viii.1990, Meyer (W);1 Q Cha do Pelado, 800rn, I5.viii.l990, Meyer (H/&f). TERCEIRA: I O Pta. Ser- hfuterinl e.rnniitird. - Holotype O 'Holotype', 'Reguin- reta, 27.viii.1982, Carvalho (JPC); 1 O Pau Velho, ho, Terceira. 7200 ft.. 6. April 03, (O. Grant).', '1905- 2S.viii.19S2, Carvalho (JPC); 1 U sarne except, 300.'. 'Scoparia nielanographa type O Hrnpsn.', 'Pyrali- 2S.x.1978, Carvalho (BMKH). SANT.4 MARIA: 3 Q dae Brit. hlus. Slide Xo. 3778'. 'Holotype Scoparia Cha de Sao Tome, 35Om. 30.vii.1990, Meyer (Hhl, rnelanographa Hainpson det. M.Nuss' (BMNH). Nuss). AZORES. SAO JORGE: 1 O above Calheta, 400rn, 2.v.1903, Carvalho (BMNH); 1 O' Urzelinha, Disrribirtioii. - Endemic on the Azores, known 16.vi.19S1, Carvalho (JPC): 1 Q 8.ix.1965. Marsden froni Siío Jorge, Pico, Terceira and Sta. Maria. (BhINH). PICO: 11 O'. 2 Q Cabeco das Cabras. 1 IOOni, 14.vii.1994, hleyer (HOL Nussj. TERCEIRA: I O Biologj. - Known flight period: July. August, Angra do Heroisnio, 2l.iii.1974. Carvalho íBMNH): 1 Octobsr. O'. I 0 sanie eacem. J.i\.1979. Carvalho (JPC): 1 O'. 1 O Caldeira. 26.\i i'ihi. Carbalho (JPC): I O' same escepc Reitrarks. - Rebel ( 1930~)inisinterpreted Scopar- 29.\i.I9SI. Carvallio (JPC): 2 O'. 3 Q Pdii Velho, ic? Iirreiisnlis. He figiired this species as B. i-ersi- 27.vi.19SI. Carvalho (JPC): 1 Q saiiie except, color-ellrr and iised the name S. Irirerisalis for S. 29.vi.19SI. Cartalho (JPC): I Q sams excepi, 4.vii.l9SI. Carvalho (JPC): 1 O. 1 Q saiiie except, . coeciitiacirlalis. 1 I.vii.l9SI. Carvalho (JPC): I Q sanie except, 2S.viii.19SI. Carvalho (JPC): I O'. I Q saiiie except, Ei~doiiinr?ieltlriogrnplia (Hampson). conib. n. 21.x.197S. Carvalho (BMNH); 3 O' Santa Barbara. 600111. 19.vii.1991. hleyer (Hlhl. h'iiss). SAOc (Figs 12.46.47. 71) RIIGUEL: I O' Furnas. 1 I.v.-3.vi.1969. Piriker (SiLIN); Scopnrirr irie/~rriogrrip/iaHanipson. 1907: 21: Carvalho i Q sanis ewept. 19.-21.i.. Sior5 (ZhIU): I O'. I Q sanie 19S2: iS0: Rebel 1917: 1s: Rebel 1910~:S. 32 (keyj. escept. 32.-21.v.. Stor9 (SHbl): I Q Poma Delgada. 31. pl. l fips 5. 10. 15 (as Sco/iwiri nf~<]iii~Jf'~i,in/is):J.s.1979. Car\;ilho (BllSHj. Vieira R: Pintiirsau 1991: 33: Vieira R: Pintursaii 1993: 110. Di.srriDirrio/r. - Endciiiic to the Azores. kiioivn froni S5o Jorpc. Pico. Terceirn nnd S5o h'liguel. Diqirosis. - Foreeings long and nmav, predoni- Ths iiioths uere ohserved flying in a qxirry on inaiitly bliick. sprinkled \vith Lvhits. hlale-valvat. tlic u.sstsrii slops of thz volcano Pico. vt.ntro-distally ivith a pointed process: feniale- Corpus bursae Iargr, ovoid: signuin nearly as Ion: Biolo:
Drscr.iptioir. - \vingspaii i 1-15 niiii (n=-t3). A R<'/iiciVk.t. - Rtbtl ( 1940~)fig1ii.c.d tliis species sniall sptcics uith narro\\' forenhgs: fore\vings u nde r t tic. ti;inic. S. crcqu ipv i i rcili.~. EXT. SCASD. VOL. 2S:J (1997) Scopariine Cranibidae of thz Rlacaronesiaii Rsgion 537
Eiidoiiia scoriellr (\Vollaston). conib. n. hlhDEIR.4: 5 C. 3 Q Arch:id:i do Teiueira. 4.vi. 19SO. Carvalho 8; Contente iJPCJ: 2s U. 35 Q mine escept, 14. 15. JS. (Figs 13. 16. 49.76) 1300-1600iii. 21.1i.1997. Karsholt íZ.\ICC): I O Chao €irdoren scoriellti \\óllastoii. 1 S5S: 1 19: Bethune-Baker dii Ribeira. 2O.i.19SO. Carvalho (JPC): 2 O. 3 Q same 1894: 5s): Carvalho 19S2: 180: Cockerell 1929: 113: escept. 430ni. IJ.\ii.1991. hleyer (H/Slj: 2 Q saiiie Rebel 1917: I l. 13: Rebel 19Jo:i: J (keq). 5. pl. 1 figs escept. 2O.vii.l9S2. Carvrilho R: Caiiioe.; (JPC): 1 U 1-1: Rebel 19JOb: 6: Vieira 8; Pintureau 1991: 33: sanie escept. 3O.iiii. 19SI. Cnrvalho 8- Contente (JPC): b'arren 1905: 446. 1 3 Curra1 das Freira\. 1 I .\ i.l9SO. Carvalho (JPC): 2 Q Scopirrirr ii.o/lristo/ii Bethune-Baker. 1894: 553. Cocke- sanic escept. 21.vi.19S2. Carviilho 8- Cainoe.i (JPC); 1 rell 1919: 113; Rebel 1917: l l. 13: Rebel 1910a: 4 Q sanie except. 29.vii.19S2. Carvalho 8; L. Canioes (key). 7: Rebel 19JOb: 6. Sp. n. (JPC): 1 Q Faja da Kogtieira. 2S.v.19S0. Carvalho (JPC): 2 U. 4 Q sanie esccpi. 600ni. 3O.vi.1993. Kars- Diny/iosis. - Forewings broad. postmedial and holt (ZhlUC): I O. 3 Q same escept. IOOOm, 23.vi¡i.1974. Traiieott-Olseii (ZhIUC): 1 U. S Q same subterminal fascia not approximated, subterniinal escept, I000ni. 23.-1-I.viii. 1974, Trntigott-Olsen fascia interrupted. Feniale-sclerotised portion of (ZXIUC): I O same eucrpt. 2.ix.19SO. Carvalho 8- dticttis bursae forming a wide ctirve. Canoes (JPCJ: 2 Q sariie escept. 800m. 6.x.1993, Mey- er (H/.\lj; 1 U hl,ichico. 27.vi.1993, Karsholt (ZMUC); Descr-iptioii. - Wingspan 17-23 nini (n=361). 1 O Paul d:i Serrii. 15OOiii. Iú.vi. 199-3. Karsholt Labial palpi long, pornect, with long and white (ZMUC): 3 ff Fonte de Bispo, 1 ISOm, 6.vii. 1993, Kars- holt (ZXIUC): 2 U same excrpt. 105Oni. 7.vii.1993, scales belou; black above and Iaterally; underside Karsholt (ZhlLrC): l U. 4 Q Pico Arieiro, 1500rn. of bodp white; legs black, articulations white; 6.vii.1991, hleyer (HAI): 2 U sanie escept. 1600rn, forewings and tipperside of body predoininantly 9.vii.1993. Karsholt (ZXIUC): 3 U, 17 Q Pto. Encurnea- black with white and ochreous sprinkling: fasciae da. Laniaceiros. 900111. I I.vii.1991. hleyer (Hfil, Kuss): 1 Queiniadas. 3.vi.19SO. Carvalho Contente thin and white, edged with black to the medial U 8; (JPC): 4 U, 10 Q same except. 9jOm. l9.vi.1993, Kars- area, u.ith two black and claviform antemedial holt (ZMUCj: 3 O. 3 Q same except. IS.vii.1980, stigmata; discocellular stigma X-shaped, anterior- Rodrigues (JPC): I O same escept, 22.vii.19S2, Carval- lp filled with black and ochre, posteriorly white or ho (JPC): I O sanie escept. 5.viii.l9SSO, Carvalho (JPC): 1 Q sanie except. 2S.viii.l9S2. Carvalho (JPC); 2 black and white; postmedial fascia indented; sub- O, 2 Q Quinta Grande. S5Oin. 6.vii.1991, hleyer (Hhl); terminal fascia interrupted in middle, not connect- 2 3 Robacal, 7.vi.190-3, Grant (BMKH. CNC): 2 U ed with postmedial fascia: subterminal area with a saiiie escept. 1050ni. IJ.vi. 1993. Karsholt (ZhiUC); 12 predoniinance of black scales and an ochreous O. 19 Q saiiir eicept. 1000ni. IO.vii.1991, Meyer (H/hl): 2 O. I Q sanie escept. 12.vii.1991, hleyer admixttire; basa1 row of fringe grey. second oiie (Xtiss): 1 U. 3 Q sanie encept. 17.vii.-4.viii.19~~5.Lund- whitish brown; hindLvings grey. fringe mostly pal- blad (SHM): 2 Q sanie escept, 23.vii. 1983. Carvalho 8- er, with a grey liiie. Cariiocs (JPCJ: 1 O sme except. 12.is.1980. Carvalho hliile genitalia: Unciis longish. distally roiind; & Cniiioes (JPC): 2 O Riheira Brava, 13.vii.1991. hley- er (H/Sl): 9 U. 26 Q Riheiro Frio. 90Oiii. 3.vii.1991, gnathos as long as iinctis: valvas long and narro\\., hleyer (H/Jl. Kus): 7 U, 5 Q Redondo. Pico das iiiarpiiis of anterior half are concave at base. Pcdriis. S.vi¡. 199 l. Ale! er (Hlhl. Kuss): 7 O. 3 Q Ericu- Female genitalia: Corpus bursas globular, sig- meada. IOOOiii. 13.ii.l993. Karsholi (ZhICC): 1 O, 2 Q sxiie escept. 16.vi.1993. Kiirsholt (ZML'C): I sarne ntini ovate: ducttis btirsae ver! loiig. a large loop O eicrpt. 17.vi.1993. K:irsholt fZhlUC): 2 U. 5 Q samr betueen corptis bursae and ducttis seiiiinalis, scle- escept. IS.vi.1993. Kar.;holt (ZhIUC): 1 O sme except, rotisation between ducttis seiiiinalis and antruni 29.vi.1993. Karsholt (ZSIUCJ: 5 U. 14 Q samc except. forinins a \vide curve aiiteriorly. followed by a 3.vii.1993. Karsholt (ZSIUC>:I U. I Q Scrra de Agua, c straight sectioii. 5soiii. I.v¡i.199-:. tíariholt (ZXIUCJ: 5 O, 8 Q sanie escept. L:ip;i do Galho l000iii. 13.vii.1991. hleyer Allitei-;ir/ c.wiiiii/id. - Eridowii .~~rid/tr:Lectotypc. ( HIXIi: 5 O. 33 Q saiiie except. 60Oiii. 15.viii.- hereb) designated. O 'Lectot? pe'. ~Al:iclcri;i, \Volliistoii 23.\¡¡¡. 197-1. I\'olt'f & Ti.iitieott-Ol.ieii (ZSIUC): 1 Q Coll. 55-7'. 'EiiJurcii Scoriella 2.'. 'Pyralidx Brit. P;iiiI do hlar. 1 10Oiii. 12.\ii.1991. hlcyer (ZhlL'C): 1 O Altis. Sliúe So. 3687'. 'Lectoi)pc Eii~loreii scoriclI;i SLiiitii \lxialena. Pico Alto. 6OOiii. 9.vii. 1991. hleyer \\.olln.;ton. I SSS tlct. XI. Kuw' íB\ISH>. Pxilectotypc (z\lCCJ. Q 'Por;ilectotj pr". 'hlaJeriii. \\\óolwtoii Coll. 55-7'. '3 Cenit. 4054 KieI\ L. \\'olt'f'. 'Q Pjr:il¡clx Brii. hIti\. Di.sTri/wrio/i.- Eiideiiiic to hliideii:i Slide No. 1436s'. 'Ssopxiri r;coriell:i \\'oll;istoii det. hl. Sliiiffer. 1973'. 'Pariilectotypr EiiJorca scoricllii \Volla- Bio/í)~~.- Kii~ti 11 llisht pC.riod J~iiitiiir>.h'liiy to stori. I S5S det. bl. Ku\s' (B\lSH>.Si~~/~iiriiiiBsthtiii<-B:ih?i. dct. XI. Sii,~'(BSINHj. 1:its. oftsn tng2thzr ith E. t/cc.o,di
EST. SCASD. \'OL. 2S:J (1997)
49
c
50 51 EST.SCASD. \'OL. 2S:4 ( 1997) Scopiiriine Cranibiclne of the hlacaronesinn Region 539 area near the anteniedial fascia ancl the t\vo stig- ternien and apes. frinpe Lvhiti,. u.itli grey line iiinta. Thz outer half of the niedial areri toivards niedially. tlie postmedial fascia is white. Thers are internie- hliile penitnlia: Unctis strongly bilobed: valvae diate foriiis bettveen these t\vo variations. No dif- in niiddle charncteristically narrwv and distally ferences exist iii the genitalia. The variation may broad. be caused by ecological factors. The foriii *n,o/ki- Feinale genitalia: Corpus btirsae with ovate sig- stoiii' occiirs niainly in laurel-forests. \\.hile the iiiiiii: ductus bursne beyond corptis bursae with forrn 'sc.orir//a' is distributed also in open land. t\vo loops: proportioiis of corpus bursae and duc- Possibly the different colour forrns can be regard- tus bursae variable. ed as somatolytic adaptations to the different hab- itats. The synonyniy of S. ,r.ollnsrorii is proved by i\.ltiro.iri/ r.wtriiiiet1. - Eirtloren drcord/ir: Lectotype. hereby dehigniited. O 'Lectotype', 'hl;ideir;i. \\'ollaston. conipletely similar genitalia of specirnens corre- 5s-31.'. 'Pyralidus Brit. hliis. Slide Ko. 3656'. 'Eudor- sponding in \vine pattern with the types of €. ea decorellri Sitn. Type l.4.19jS'. 'Lectot!pc Eudorea scoriellcr or S. iidlasrorzi respectively. decorclla Stiiiiiton det. hl. Nuss' (BAlSH). Scopnrin Records of this species from the Azores by uimkrcri.yix Lectotype. hereby designated. O 'Madeira, 1080 ni. Rabaqal. 17.7-4.8.1935 O. Liindblad', 'Scopar- Carvalho (1952) and Vieira & Pinttireau (1991) ia niaderensis Type Rbl.'. 'blale-Genit 4031 Niels L. are probably erroneous. Aniong the material frorn l\'olff' (NHRS). Paraleciotypes: I U. l Q uith sanic Carialho which \vas exarnined no E. scorielln data. but with 'Mnle Genit. 4045 Niel.; L. n'olff' and 'Feiiiale Geiiit. 4031 KieL L. Wolff', respectively. 2 Q kvas fotind froni the Azores. uiíh same data. but GU Kuss 3-10 R: 3-11 (KHM). Considering tlie wing pattern, the nearest rela- MADEIRA: 3 O. l Q T.V.\Vollaston (BhlNH): I Q tive seems to be the nearctic Eudoiria recrilirrrtr Arehada do Tcixcim. 4.~i.19S0.Carvalho B Camoes (Zeller) (Munroe 1972: 50; 1974: pl. 3. figs 1, 2). (JPC): I I O. 15 Q sanie escept. 1300-1600ni, 22.vi. 3993, Karsholt (ZhlUC): 1 Q Curra1 de Freiras, I I.vi.l9SI, Carvalho B Contente (JPC): I Chao da Eadoiiin decorellci (Stainton). sp. rev., conib. n. Ribeirn. 430iii. lil.vii.1991 hleyer (HIhl): 1 O, 7 Q Faja da Kogiieira. 600rn. 6.-9.v.1975. nólff (ZXlUC); 5 Q fFigs 17. IS, 19, 53. 53, 75) same except. 9.-IO.vi.1976. \VoIff (ZXIUC): 3 U sarne except. 3O.vi. 1993, Karsholt (ZhIUC): l Q sanir except. Eiitior.en dworulln Stainton. 1S59: 2 10; Bethune-Baker 700ni. S.vii.1991, hleyer (HIXI): 1 U sanie except, 1S94: 5SI: Cockerell 1919: 113: Rebel 1917: 1 I (as SOOin. 6.~1993.XIsyer (HIM): 6 O. 3 Q sanie except. Scwpcirin syionym of stnratn): RebeI I9-IOn: 6 (35 S.x.1994. Karsholt (ZhlUC): 1 O Fonrr de Bispo, syonyin of Sc~y>tiriti~ter~ottr). 1150iii. 6.~ii.1993.Kmholt (ZMUC): 1 Q Pico Arieiro Scopuritr riitir/crrvr.tis Rebel. 1940a: J (kq). 5. pl. 2. fig.; to Pico Ruivo. 1500iii. 6.\ii.l99l. ,\le!rr (HIXI); 2 O. 9 15-1s. Rehel 1940b: 6. Syn. n. Q s;inie eucept. lh00iii. 9.vii. 1993. Karsliolt (ZhIUC): 1 U Rabaciil. 1200in. 6.ki.190-3. O. Crmt (BAISH): 2 Q Di
530 h'iis~. hi. e[ 01. EXT.SCASD. \'OL. 2S:4 (1997)
52
. 55 .
EKT. SCAED. VOL. 2S:1 ( 1997) Scopariine Crambidae of the hlacaronesian Region 53 1 October. E. clecorellci occurs on hladeira in the klale genitalia: C'ncus broad. distally slightly highlands bet\veen 600- 1600ni íoccasionally at bilobed; valvae broad ivith dorsal margin straight, louer altitudes). The prefered habitats are open ventral margin slightly concave: vinculuni slen- forests. der. Fernale genitalia: Corpus bursae small, ovoid, Rer?zcirks. - Foreu ing colouration vary in some at right angle to ductus bursae, with a large ovate specimens touards a predoniinance of black and signuin; ductus bursae long and thin, whithout brown scales. The stigniata filled with piire ochre loops. in such specimens strongly contrast this dark colouration. Speciniens from the Canary 1s. sonie- Murerial esnmitied. - Lectotype. hereby designated, U 'Lectotype', 'Maderia. Woolaston [sic] Coll. 55-7'. times lacking the ochre and broun scales com- 'Eudorea stenota Z.'. 'Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Siide No. pletely and vary more in size thaii the specimens 3655'. 'LectotvDe Eudorea stenota Wollaston drt. hl. from Madeira. The larger moths (1 9-1 1 mm) and Nuss' (BMNHj.' the smallest one (15mm) were from the Canary 1s. MADEIRA: 1 U Encumeada. IZOOrn, 13.x.1993, hleyer (Hhl); 3 U, 1 Q Fanal, 1000m. 18.v.1989, Meyer E. decor-ella was fornierly regarded as a syno- (HMNuss); 4 U. 11 Q same except, 1200m. 12.x.1991, nym of E. sreriorn (Rebel 1910a). Rungs (1979) Karsholt (Nuss, ZMUC): 1 O' Fanal de Baixo, recorded the species from Morocco (as E. rnada- 13.iv.1980, M. Scucno (JPC); 1 U Paul da Serra. r-erisis) biit \ve have never seen this species from 1400rn. 15.x.1991, Karsholt (ZMUC); 1 U Palheiro Fer- reiro, 16.xii.1957, Classey & Gardner (BMNH); 4 U, 1 there and assume that Rungs record was a mis- Q Fonte de Bispo. IOjOrn, 7.vii.1993, Karsholt identification of E. lirieoln. (ZMUC); 9 U, 1 Q same except, 105Om. 6.vii.1993, Karsholt (ZiMUC); I O' Rabacal, 1000rn, 28.xi.1972, Lundqvist 8: Wolff (ZktUC); 1 U Poiso, 1400m. Ezidorzin steizotcl (Wollaston), sp. rev., cornb. n. 13.v.1989, Hellers (Hellers): 1 U Ribeiro Frio, 9501-11. (Fips 20,21.22.50,51,78) 35.vi.3993, Karsholt (ZhlUC): 1 Q Faja da Nogueira, 800m. 8.x.1991, Karsholt (ZMUC); 1 U Achadas da €irdoren sfeiiotn Wollaston, 1858: 119; Bethune-Baker Cruz. 725rn, S.vii.1993. Karsholt (ZMUC); 16 U, 8 0 1894: 582; Bradley 3958: 193; Carvalho 1981: 180; sanie except, 700ni. IO.x.1994, Karsholt (ZMUC): 3 U Cockerell 1929: 113; Gardner 8: Classey 1960: 203: Queirnadas, 900rn. I1.-15.vi.l976, Wolff (ZMUC); 1 Q Rebel 1892: 218; Rebel 8: Ropenhofer 189-2: 96 same except. 29.viii.1980, Rodrigues (JPC); 1 U same (index): Rebel 1896~:113, 1-16; Rebel 189s: 380 except, 9.ix.1980, Carvalho (JPC); 3 U Ribeira dos (index); Rebel 1906: 43: Rebel 1911: 370 (index): Cales, 2.xii.1957, Classey & Gardner (BMNH); 15 U Rebel 1917: I l. 13; Rebel 1910a: 4 (key). 6; Rebel above Santana. 105Om. 6.x.1991, Karsholt (ZMUC); 1 1910b: 6; Wrreii 1905: 417. U Redondo. Pico das Pedras, S.vii.1991. Meyer (Hhl); 9 0 Santo da Sena. 700rn. 26.x.1991. Karsholt Dingwsis. - Foreu-ings long and narrow, feiiiales (ZhlUC); 1 U sanie escept, 650111. 19.xi.1972. Lund- often slightly brachypterous. \vith an olive shine qvist B( \Yolff (ZLIUC). and an ochrrous adniistiire. Male: \.alvae broad in Disrribirriori. - Endeinic to Madeira. the midclle. Female: ductus bursae without loops. Biology. - Kn0u.n flight period ApriI to Decem- Descripriori. - LVingspan 11 (9)-70 (o)mm ber. This is a species of the open land and occurs (n= 105). Labial palpi porrect. long: foreLvings in the highlands above 600m altitude. The adults long and narro\v, especially in the males; females can be disturbed from Erica L. biishes, and other ofteii slightly brachypteroiis Lvith shorter bvings vegetation durinp the day. and apes of foreuiiigs clearly pointed: forewings Rrmnds. - Warren (1905) recorded the species \vith a hint olive shine and var!.ing in coloiiration froiii ths Azores. hut this is here considered to be froiii a predoiiiinance of black and grey to ochre- a niisiiiterpretation. Rebel ( 1940;i) dsscribed and otis, admised Ivith Lvhits; fasciae tvhite, diirk edged figiired a spscimen of E. augirteo kvith a black tonxds medial arca: antsiiiedial fiiscia pointins . h.dhi .. 1 streak as sferiota. Carvalho (1982) wrong- as a triangls into ths niedial arca. uith t\vo clavi- s. foriii stigniatri: discocellular stignia X-shaped. not Iy reg;irdsd E. srerioru as a junior synoiiyni of E. /~i~~l~i/l~~~r~-i~~/i~7.eveii though the foriiier ivould coniiected ivith postmedial f:ircia: stigninta filled ivith ochreous in the ochre co1ourt.d specimens: hiive hiid prioritj'. postmedial fascia indented, not touching siibter- Eziiioriin slicifferi sp. n. ininal fasciii: fringe grey. Lvhite striped: hindn.ings íFigs 2.3. 24. 51. 55. 79) n.hite \vith a broacl. grey terminal shade. iiiterrupt- ed by a u.hite postmedial fascia. friii_re\vhite. Dingiiosis. - Foreuhgs contrastingly black and 575 h'iiss. M. et o/. EST. SCASD. \'OL. 28:4 (1997)
\vhite colotired. tvith an ochreous admixttire. ayo da hliidsira llha dii hliidcira Loc. - Qiieiiiiadas. tvhite betiveen fasciae on dorsum: niales tvith 10/9/19S0 col. P. Cnrvalho' (JPC). 2 O. I Q 'ArquipCI- ayo dii hladeira 11ha da >ladeira Loc. Ribeiro Frio haiiius in retinnculuiii. X/9/19S I col. P,issos C;irvalho. Luis de Conioes' (JPC). I U 'Xrquip2Iiip da hlüdeira I11i:i da hladeira Drsc~iptiori. - \Vingspan 14- 1 S mni (n=63). Loc. - Faja de Koyueirii. 25/9/1951. col. Xl. Eduardo Upper- and iiiiderside of body tvhite: legs black. Rodriptisi íJPC). (Al1 parat)pes with a red Iribrl 'Püra- white near articuliitions; labial palpi grey. porrect: tjpus' and a Inbel 'Pmtype Eudonia sheifferi det. Ntiss. niaxillary palpi tipright, \vhite at apes. Forewings Karsholt. hleher. 1995'). \vith ivhite ground colotir with a contrasting black Drriiario iwiuiiii.c. - This species is nanied in honour of pattern. adiiiixtured uith ochreous: white at the hlr hlichnel Shaffer. base. followed by a black band. then white, Distribiitiori. - Endeniic to Madeira. adiiiixed ivith grey scales toivards u.hite anteme- dial fasciii: antemedial fascia black edged toivards Biolog.~.- Ki1oLr.n flight period 5 September to 26 niedial area, anteiiiedial stigniata fused uith this October, ivith fotir on 25 November. E. slirifferi black border; niedial area white; discocellular inhabits laurel forests in altitudes between 660 stignia X-shaped. close to a black spot at costa and 12OOni. The adtilts come to light and can be and far froiii the postmedial fascia: postmedial disturbed during the d;iy. fascia indented and forming a white X on a black Reriicirks. - E. s1itrflr~i.iis very similar to E. lineolci ground with tlie subterminal fascia: fringe black tcifirella froni the Canary 1s. E. sliofferi shows a and white striped: hindivings white, suffiisecl less contrasting N ing pattern than E. tojrellci brown at termen and apex, with a pale bronn line becaiise the bliick niarkings are suffused Lvith iii the kvhite fringe. ochreotis and in some specimens ochreous scaling hlale genitalia: Uncus broad. laterally convex. predoiiiinates. The black and white scaling of pal- distally straight; valvae slightly convex at dorsum, pi and legs is also not as contrasting as in E. liiie- conipictiously concave at ventral margin, but dis- oln tnjirrdl[i. Furtherniore. the males of E. sliofleri tally convex. sclerotised along dorsuiii and ven- posses a hamus in the retinaculum. Costa and ter- tro-basally: jiixta club-shaped: vincultim and sac- men are slightly conca\.e in the forewings, while ctis slender. in E. liiiedrr irijiwlltr the costa is convex and the Female geiiitalia: Corpiis bursae globular. sig- ternien les concave. Also. the fore\vings of E. niini sniall. round to ovate: dticttis bursae slender. shnfc>r.iare white on the dorstim betueen the fas- u-ith one or two loops beyond corpiis bursae. ciae. whereiis tliere is a grey shadou in E. liiieoln ~il~it~~ritil<~.vmiirid. - Holot) pe U 'Holotxptis'. 'hladei- rrgir.t~lla. r;i. 600-1000ni Faja d;i Soptieira S.S. 1994 O. Kursholt'. 'Zool. hluseuni Copeiihayen'. 'Holotype Etidonia shaf- feri det. Ktiss. Karsholr. hleyer. 1995' (ZXIUC). Para- Eiidoiiici liiieolri liiieoln (Curtis) types: 12 U. !3 Q siiii~dcita as holotype ( BXlSH. Kti~. ZXI. ZXILC). I O. 3 Q 'hliideirci. 700iii. Achiidas da Eiidor~.riliritdo Curris. 1517: pl. 170: Goiiter 1956: 53. Cruz. I 1.x.1994. O. Karsliolt' (ZSICC). I O *Xladeira pl. 3. tip. 17: Leratit 19S-I: ISO: i\'halley R: Taeedie 1000iii Eiictiiiieadii IS.u.199-I O. Krirsholt' (ZXIUC). 6 1963: 94. pl. 10. tips 50-52. U. 4 Q .Alcideir;i 1200iii Fanal l2.u.1994 O. Karsholt' S (ZXICC): 1 0 Oo~tkapclle. 6.-1S.\ii.1969 (ZSIUC). Scoptitki coc~riilrorirrctcc Hmpson. l Y 17: 2s l. Rebel FRASCE: 1 0 Boliches dii Rhoiie. Caniargtie. Environs 193s: [SI. S'n. 11. d'Arles. lS.\i.l9.? (ShlS): 2 Q Brctiizne. Vannes (ZSIüC): I 0 Evreiix (ZSB): 1 speciincn: Pyrénées. Le Dicigmsih. - IViiig pattern cnntrarted black and Lac Saiiit Jeaii de Luz (BSISH): PORTUGAL: I cj Lvhite ivithout aii ochreoiis adiiiistiire. Algarvc. above Lago@ da Nava. 25.iii: 1989. Goater (Goater). SPAIS: 7 cj Chiclana. i\.-v.I 858. Staiidinger Descriprimi. - N'ingspan 13-19 nini (n=65). Wing (ZSB): 3 Q 2 kiii bvest of Ontinena. Huesca. 21.- pattern (but not colouring) identical to E. lirzeolti 25.~1991.Goater (Goater): 7 Q Huesca. Penalba, 31.v- lirieola: Forewing basally with sonie bliick spots, 2.19SS. Goater. Hall (Coater. Hall). XIOROCCO: I Q then uhite towards the antemedial fascia: anteme- Fh. li.19SS. Piisubl (ZhIUC): 1 Q Inezpane, 17.- 18.iii.1971. R. 6: E. Briinder (SSlS): I U Larache. 23.- dial fascia with two strons notches and black 74.iv.I9S9, Zool. hlus. Copenh. Esp. fZhIUC): I speci- edged towards thz niedial area: antemedial stig- iiieii: hliizcipn (=El-Jadida),? (BSíSH): 1 Q hlehdip. mata round: cliscocelliilar stigma X-shaped with a 13.iii.19iY. Rung.; (SSIS): 1 spscimen: Tanpier. 6.vii.1934. ? (BhlSH). ALGERIA: 1 speciinen: Alper, 7 black spot at the costa: postinedial fascia strongly (BSISHJ.Tuniiiia: I Q Hainiiianiet 13.-20.v. 1979, Aren- indented. forniing a white X together tvith the berp (Arenberger): I Q same data. except 13.- siibterrninal fascia; hindwings nith discal spot 30.v. 1979. and a white line in thc terminal shade; forewing Bistrihirriori. - E. lirieola lirieola ranges along the colouring contrasted black and ivhite instead of a Atlantic Coast froni the British isles to Morocco grey colouring as in E. lirirola li~ieol~ arid along the southern coast of the Mediterranean hlale genitalia: Uncus laterally convex, distally to Tunisia. bilobed; valvae narrolv, dorsal niargin straight, ventral niargin concave. dista1 margin convex; Biolog!. - The Iarvae feed on lichens of species justa lons. pear-shaped. of the geniis Pcrrriielia Achariiis (Goater 1956). Feiiiale geiiitalia: Corpus bursae globular, sig- Rungs stated on the label of the type of Eiidorio niirn small, ovate. pointed at one end; ductus bur- rii~gsifrom Morocco thnt the moth kvas reared sae thin. one or t\vo loops beyond corp~isbursae. froni a larva feeding on lichens growing on f? 1!4iiteciiil e.v~iiiiiiii~d.- Scopcirici tojirellrr: Holotype 0 [r///i/is]/>er.sico. 'Holotypus'. 'Typr'. 'Taiira. Chrys. 23.2.03 en I'écorce, d'iiri Troi.ne. adtilli a. 24.'. 'Scoparia tafirella', 'Scopar- Reiiiarks. - Leraut (1954) listed S. \*iresceris ia tiitirella Chr6t. Bull. hluseuiii 190s. p. 35s P. Viette \', 1956'. 'hlussiini Paris Grande Caniirie Tafira P Lesne Rebel froni klorocco as subspecies of E. liiieokr. 1907'. [esuvin gltied to additional label]. 'Holotype Ho~vever.tlie holotype of E. rwig.vi (synonyniisecl Eiidonia tatircllii (Chr.) det. hl. Niiss. 1995' (MNHK). \vith S. iYirscr/i.s by Leiaut (1 9S-1)) and further 6 ~~'l/Jli~~Cic~Jc'l.if~c,~Jt;/ll'lC/: HOIotYpe Q 'HoIOtJ pe', 'Las speciiiieiis froiii the Ivestern coast of Morocco hlercedes Tciierife 19.\'.1907 LVlsni.'. '1907 299.'. 'Scopiiria cocrtileoriiict;i tyx Q Hinpsi.'. 'Pyralidx (SkIS) shm no differences in size. coloiir arid hlur. . Biit. Slide No. 3779'. 'Holot)pe Scopiiriii coeru- \vin_c pattern tci Eiiropean speciniens. Therefore. Ieotiiictii Haiiipson det. hl. Kiiss' (BMSH). both naiiies are here regiirded as syiionynis of E. CAN.ARi' Ic. HIERRO: 2 0.4 Q Valverde. 16.- liiil~Ol1.rliiicnl~i. 7i.iii. 1970. Piiikcr (S.\.IS).LA PALhlA: I Q Los Sauc- es. Piiiker (SSIS): I G' wiie except. i.1962. Pinker E. li/ieokri occiirs oii the Canary 1s. in tbvo sub- (XIRSS): I Q smeeiicept. ii.1962. Pinker (NHM): I Q species. Thesz are closel), relatives ivith the Los Tilos. 400iii. Ih.i.l9SI. Stadel Nielben (ZiMUC). estreiiisly siiiiilar uing patterii. the iiiorphology G0SIER.A: I cj hlsriy. 90(hi. I2.i. 19s l. Stiidcl Niel- of thc _cenit;ili;i is identical aiid tlie niiile retiniicu- scii (ZSICC). TESERIFE: I G' Lngtiii;i. I l.ii.1921, C.h,i ILIA .... íSHhI): 4 9 s;iiiit except. 26.\.1974 (Speidel): Iiiiii Iiisks tlie hainus. Ttie subsptcizs are allopiit- -3 0.2 Q hiei-ccdr.; forc3t. 700iii. I5.-Il..iii.l967. Kasy ric. T1it.y ~iredil'ferent iii the colouriition of the (Sklkl): I Q wnic e\cepi. l5.x.lYY3. Aiciihsrgsi (Aren- iippcrsidt. of body aiid forewiiig.;. No interniediate bcrger): 9 3. 14 Q sme e\cept. 1.-13.xi.1970. Pinker forni.; esist. (ShISi: I Q hli. Aixic:i. 2.?.¡\.1992. Bailaiidsro (SIRSSJ: I 0 hloiite del Aya. 7O.x.199.3. Biez (Biiez): I 0 siiiiic e\ccpi. E+>.\. 7Cl.\. 199.;. Aieiihcryr (Aren- bcr_rer): I 0 Aztii. 4.xii.lYY.3. Biicr (Biez). GR.4S Eiidonin iirieola tnjirellci (Chr2tic.n). stat. n.. C.AS.AR1.A I Q Bxidsiiia. 7 I.-2.:.ii. 1067. K:i\y (XHSlj: coinb. S 0. -I Q \lillc~~.i~.9.-2S.\.1967. PIiikCI iSk1 n. B:iirlioloriieo. xii. 195s. Piiihcr (SHSIJ: I 0 L'Mesegno. íFi:\ 25. 5s. 59. SO) xii.195S. PiiiLei. iSHkIi. to .SLYJ/JC/I.~C~r 56 .I- d' -. 5s 59 - &". - 'Y-- EST. SCAND. VOL. 78:1(1997) Scopariiiie Cranibidae of the Macaronesian Region 535 Biolog?. - Knoivn fiight period: October to May, Eiidoriia arigirstea (Ciirtis) but no records froni April. (Figs 27. ZS. 39. 60. 61. 82) Rrtrinrk.~.- E. lirieola fafirella is superficially Eiiclorcn nrrgiistrri Curtis. 1827: pl. 170: Bradiey 1958: siniilnr to E. shrifleri from hladeira. E. lirieolri 193: ChrCtien. 1908: 359; Carvalho 1982: 181; t~ijirellalacks the adinixture of brown scales in Cockersll 1929: 113: Gardner & Classey 1960: 203; Goater 1956: 54. p1.3. fig.18; Leraut 1981: 175; the foreninps and a grey shade bet\veen the ante- Rebel I 892: 245.25 1: Rebel & Rogenhofer l 894: 91 niedial and postinedial fasciae on the dorsum of (index): Rebel 1896a: 113. 116; Rebel 1898: 374, the forewings is present in E. lirieola fnjirelln, but 350 (indei): Rebel 1906: 43; Rebel 1911: 370 absent in E. sliafferi. (index): Rebei 1917: 11, 13. 18; Rebel 1940a: 4 (Ley). 7, [as Scopririri srctiora] p1.2. fig. 19; Rebel 1910b: 6: Rebel 1910: 8, 32 (Ley), 35; Stainton 1859 Eirdoiiia lirreola dorada ssp. n. 31 1; Vieira & Pintureau 1991: 33; Warren 1905: 445, b'halley & Tweedie 1963: 94, pls 10-1 l. figs 53-56. (Figs 26, 56.57,s 1) Eirrheri coarcratcr Zeller, lM6: 308, pl. 2 fig. 14; Leraut 1984: 175. Diagiiosi.r. - Upperside of body and forewings Eiirlori>rr hcsperelln Heydenreich. 185 1: 75; Leraut Lvith a conspicuous golden shine. 1984: 175. (Unjustified replacernent name.) Eirdorea aciriiiiiiciteíla Stainton. 1859: 2 10; Bradley Descripfiori. - Wingspan 12-15 rnm (n=16). 1958: 193; Carvalho 19S2: 180: Cockerell 1929: 113; Small, forewings narrow, wing pattern as in E. Leraut 1984: 175; Rebel 1917: I 1. 13: Rebel 1940a: lirieola lirieola and E. liiieoln tnjirella (compare 4 (Ley), 7; Vieira & Pintureau 1991: 33. Scoprrria coarcrnlis var. iinpolirnlis ivlilliere, 1870: 90, description of E. 1. fnfirelln) but upperside of 127, pl. 109, fig. 17: Leraut 1981: 178; Whaliey & fore\vings nnd body with a conspicuous golden Tweedie 1963: 95. shine. Scoparici infrri hle}rick, 1913: 158: Leraut 1981: 178; Male genitalia: Uncus distally slightly bilobed, Whalley & Tivsrdie 1963: 91. Scopria iitipnriíis Dyar, 1939: 8. Cockerell 1929: 113; laterally convex: juxta stocky, pear-shaped; ven- Rebel 19403: 7; Rebel 1938: [17]. Syn. n. tral and dorsal niargin of valvae concave, dista1 niargin upturned; vinculum slender. Diagriosis. - Forewings long and narrow, grey. Feniale genitalia: Corpus bursae globular, with Feniale: ductiis bursae with onr loop. a round signum; diictus bursae with one or two Descripriori. - Wingspan 13-21 nim (n=474). loops. Labial palpi long. porrect, laterally brown, ven- bfriteriaí r.rniiiitred. - Holotype 'Holotypus'. 'Canar. [rally ivhite: forewings long and narrow, apex Ins. Fuerteventiira 13.-33.3.26 Hering S.'. 'GU 1531'. 'Holotype Eudonia dorada Ntiss. Karsholt. Meyer det. pointed: colouration white adniixed with pale- hl. Nuss. 1995' (ZRI). Paratypes: 9 D. 2 Q 'Costa hrolvn. black niarkings; anteniedial fascia extends Tepise. Lanzarote, Spain iS.-21.xii. 19S4 K. Larsen' as triangle into rnsdiiil area, antemedial stigmata (Larsen. Kuss. ZXIüC). I 0 '3.-53.1967 Lanzarote H,i'i1.1 .'. F. Kasy' (SHXI). 1 U 'Fuerteventiira Vega de Rio obscure or only one apparent, hlack and clavi- forni: discocellulai stigma X-shaped, sometimes Palmas 8.5.S7 W'. Schiiiitz' (Schinitz). 1 Q 'Fuerteven- tiirri Cofrtr ca. 25Oni 1 1.3.88 W. Schmitz' (Speidel). 1 connected with costa bj. a pale brown spot; post- 0 'Fuertevent. Vsp Rio Prilmas 27.ii.90 M. Báez' iiiedial fascia Lvith an indentation towards disco- (Bliez). (Ali parlitypes Ivith a red Iabel 'Paratyptis' and a cellular stigma: subterminal fascia near postmedi- u hitr label 'Plirlitypc Eudonia linrola dorada Nuss. Karsholt. hlryer det. hl. Nuss. 1995'). al fascia. the latter nearly parallel to termen; with three ron's of friiipe. two basally rows white at Di,rii.ritio iioiiiiiiix. - Named after the Spaiiish word dortdo (solden). rrlatins to the golden shine of the base. hro1i.n distally, oitteriiiost row white. tippei..iide of the body and the forewings. hliile gcnitaliri: Uncus tiroad. distally bilobed, laterally densel) hliiry: juxta loiigish pear-shaped: Di.s~rilmio/i.- Eiideriiic to Fuerte\.eiitiira and valvas biisrilly ver? narro\v. distally broad. Lanzarote. Feiiiiile genitrilici: Corpus biirsae globular, sig- Biologx. - Knotvn Hight periocl 1 S Deceniber to S iiiini @vate: ductus bursas in the niiddle of the hla!.. but no recortls froiii January and April. iiiiterior p;iit \vitli a loop. followed by a fold. Rrriicrrk.~.- Rebsl ( 193s: (55)) rscorded one niale Alotcrilii escciiiiird. - E'idoreci cocii.ct(rtli: Lectotype, froiii Fusrteveiiturii collsctsd by Heriiig from 1.3.- hereby dcsisri:itd. Q 'Leciotype'. 'híesiinü 42 41.'. ,... 'Zell. Coll. ISSI.'. 'Lectot!pe Eudorra coxmtri Z. dct. I->.iii. 1926 as Scopciritr iYresceirs. This speciiiien 11. Kiis\' íB1ISH ). Purdt.ctot)pes: l spccinieii 'Para- is selsctttl the holotype of E. clorntlri. ktXlt! p?'. .1Ie\x¡fia 617 44'. 'ZrII. Coll. 1sS-l.'. 'Abdü- EST.SC.ASD. \'OL. 75:1(1997) 60 67 EXT. SCASD. VOL. 2S:4 (1997) Scopariine Crambidac of the hlacaronesian Rcgion 537 nien missing'. 'Paratype Eudorea coarctata Z. det. hl. Q Camara de Lobos, 600111. 13.v. 1989. hleyer (Hbl): I h'uss' (B'rlSH). 1 specimen: same Iabel data but 6/4 41 O. Chao da Ribeira. 22.vi.1982. Carvalho R: Cainoes (B'rtSH). €iidoren nciiniimrdín: Lectotype, hereby IJPC): 1 O.. 1 Q Chao da Ribeira. 27.iu.19S2. Carvalho designated. Q 'Lectotype'. 'hladeira. \Voolaston [sic] 6 Contente (JPC): I O. Ribeira Bra\a. 19.iii.1997. Coll. 55-7:. 'Eudorea acuminatella type. Stt.'. 'Q Pyrali- Xlüller íh'uss): I Q Curra1 das Freira. 6jOni. 13.v.1989. dae Brit. hlus. Slide No. 19376'. 'Lectothpe Eudorea hleyer (H/hl): 1 Q same except. 600m. 22.v.1989, Hell- acuminatella Stt. det. hl. Nuss, 1991' (BMSH). 10 Par- ers (Hellers): I Q same except, 26.v.1982. Carvalho & alectotypes: same (BMVINH). Scoporiri wfrn: [sex?] Camoes (JPC): 1 U, 1 Q same except, l.ix.19SO. Carval- 'Holotype'. 'England nr. Chester H. Dobie', 'Scoparia ho 8: Camoes (JPC): 1 U Encunieada. 950111, vafra Meyr. Type'. '? Pyralidae Brit. hlus. Slide No. l5.iii.l997, Müller (Kuss): I O. same except, 950m. 1937s'. 'Eudorea angustea Curtis Det. P.E.S. Whalley. 26.iii.1997, hliiller (h'uss): 1 Q same except. 95011-1, 196 I .' (BIVINH). Scopnrin inzpczrilis: Holotype O' 'Holo- 2ji¡.I997. híüiier (Nuss); 1 Q same except, 29.v.1980, typiis'. 'Villa Baleda Pt. Santo, Jam. (Ckll)', 'V. 13 Jan. Carvalho 6 Contente (JPC): 1 O' same except 1000m. 23'. 'Tjpe No. 41380 USNM', 'Holotype Scoparia 16.vi.1993. Karsholt (ZMUC); 1 Q sarne except 1000m, imparilis Dyar, 1929 dst. hl. Nuss' (USNM). 9.vii.1991. Meyer (H/M): 2 U, 2 Q same except. Lama- ALGERIA: I O. Batna. Mts. de Beleznia. 1200m, ceiros 900m. Il.\ii.1991. hleyer (HN): 10. I Q same IO.iv.19S2, Thomas (Speidel); 1 Q Biskra. 1978. Krauss except, 1200111, 13.x.1993. Meyer (Hhl. A'uss); I 9 (ZSB); 1 Q Guelt es Stel. 2 1 .iv. 19 12. Rothschild & Jor- Estreito, Camara de Lobos, 30.v.1980, Carvalho 6 Con- dan (BhlNH); MOROCCO: 3 O., 4 QAnti-Atlas, Tirhmi, tente (JPC): 1 Q same except, 6 450m. 31.i.1990, de Freina (Speidel); 1 Q Rabat, Camoes (JPC): 4 O. Faja da Nogueira. 28.v.1980, Car- 2l.iii.1910, Rungs (CNC); I O., 3 Q Tanger, iii.1885, valho (JPC): 1 O. same except, S.vii.19SO. Carvalho Leech (BhINH, CNC). TUNISIA: IO.. 2 Q Hammamet, (JPC): 1 O. same escept. 6.viii.1980, Carvalho (JPC); 1 1 .-5.i.1979, Arenberger (Arenberger); IQ Tabarka. 10.- O., 1 Q same except, 9.viii.1982. Carvalho (JPC); 1 O. 17.xii.1993, Schmitz (Schmitz); 1 U Sfax. 3.iv.1957, same escept, 16.\,iii.I9SO, Carvalho (JPC): 2 O., 4 Q Bédé (BMNH); ID, 1 Q Tabarka, 7.-18.\r.19S8. Zool. same except, 2j.ix.I9SI, Carvalho (JPC): 1 Q-same Mus. Copenh. Exp. (ZMUC); 1 Q Tunis, 23.iii.1913, except. 13.ix.1980, Carvalho 8: Camoes (JPC); 1 O. Buxton (BMNH). FRANCE: ID, IQ Collioure, 24.- same except, I.x.l9SI, Carvalho S: Cainoes (JPC); 3 G', 28.v.1936. Osthelder (ZSB): 1 Q Bouches du Rhonc. 7 Q same except, S.vi.19S0, Carvalho 6 Contente Camargtie. Environs d'Arles 2 I .xi. 1933, Henriot (JPC): 1 Q same except, lj.v.19S9, Hellers (Hellers); 1 (SMN):I O. Cannes. Staudinger íZh.1); lQ Corse. Ajac- O., 5 Q same except. 8.x.1994. Karbholt (ZhlUC); I Q cio. Frey 1890 (BMNH): 1 O. Lot Douelle, 29.~1931, sanie except, 5.vii.1991, hleyer (Hhl): 2 O., 4 Q saiiie Lhoinme (ZSB): 1 Q Morbihan Lorieiit, 11.-26.vi.1942, except. 800111, 6.s.1993. Meyer (HAf. Nuss); 1 Q same Hasslinger (ZSB); GREECE: 1 O. Crete, Rethimnon, 50 except, 600m. 20.s.1974, Silva (ZMUCj: 4 Q sarne 20.iv.1971, Malicky (SMN): 1 O. Hellas, Lakonia 5 km except. 73.viii. 1974. Traugott-Olseii (ZMUC); 2 O. south of Monemvasia. 28.i.19S4, Christensen (ZMUC); sanie except, 24.viii. 1974, Traugott-Olsen (ZhlUC); 3 Q IRELAND: 1 U, IQ Cork City. I6.viii.l9SO, Hall (Hall); sanie except, 9.-IO.vi.I976, \Yolff (ZhlLJC): 1 O., 1 Q ITALY 2 O. Liguria, Ventimiglia. 500rn. 6.-7.iv.I9SS. same except, 600m. 14.-15.ix.1977. Loniholdt 6. Wolff Fibiger (ZiclUC); 4 Q Lazio. Tivoli, 6.iv.-3 l.v.1910. (ZkIUC); 2 U, 3 Q Faja do Penedo. I .x. 19s l. Carvalho Dannehl (ZSB): 1 O Sardinia. Aritzo. 11.vi.1933. & Camoes (JPC): 1 O, 2 Q Funchal. IS.ii.1979. Karsholt Anisel (BMSH]; I Q Sizilp. hladonie niountains. 6.viii.. (ZiLIUC); I U, 1 Q sanie escept. 19.ii.1979. Karsholt Dannehl (ZSB). PORTUGAL: 1 G', I Q Alfarve. Sagres. (Zi\lUC): 3 CY sanie escept. 21.ii.1979. Karsholt 31.iii.1991. hlikhola (ZhIU). SPAlN: 2 U Bilbao, (ZX,lL'C): 1 Q sarne except. 2.iii.1902. Eaton (BMNHj; 1 ?.vi. 1902. Seebold (ZSB): I Q Cadiz. Seebold (ZSB); 1 Q same escept. I4.iv.1902, Eaton (BhlNH); 1 Q same 1 U Nerja. 1 .vi. 19SS. Herriiicinn (Speidel): I D Andalu- except, 2j.iv.1971. Wolff (ZMUC): 1 O Joao Frino, sia. Sierra de hlarbella. El hlirandor. 100m. I I.iii.l9SO. 9.vi.1980. Carvalho 6. Contente (JPC): 2 O P;iiiI da Ser- Traiieott-Olseii (ZhIUC): 1 Q Andaliisia. Chicha. rii. Fanal. 1000m. IS.v.l9S9. Meyer (H/hl): 1 Q Poiso, 3 I .iii. I SjS. Staudinger (Zhl): I Q Acturias. Ainieva. I100ni. 13.v.1989, hleyer (HAI): 3 O.. 5 Q Poiso, Precendi. 300iii. 2O.vi. 1987. Hellers (Hellers); 2 0 14OOiii. 13.v. I9S9. Hellers (Hellers): 1 Q Pico Arieiro, Badajo5 Olivetiza. 9.i~.1992. Goater (Goater). 1 O. Can- 1600ni. lS.vi.1993, Karsholt (ZXlUC): 2 Q Porto do * tiibria. Picos de Europa. Lebrna. 200111.2O.v. 19SS. hloniz. S:iiit;i Miidalena. hOOin. 9.vii. 199 l. Meyer hleyer iH/&l): 3 O. 6 Q Geronx Port Boii, 26.iv.- (Hnl): 2 O. I Q Queiiiicidas. 2.vi.19SO. CrirvLilho (JPC): J.\.1964. Pii1kr.i. (ZSB): 1 U Se\illci. IO.-l2.~ii.l900, 2 O. 2 Q saiiie eucept. 3.vi.19SO. Canalho (JPCi: 2 U h'al4iii~tiaiii (BXISH): U'NITED KISGDOLI: 1 U same escept. 1.vi.19S2. Carvalho (JPC): 1 Q same Berhshire. 5.ix. 197s. Hall (HiiII]: 1 O Corii\r.aIl. Lizard. excrpt. IS.vii.l9SO. Rodripiies iJPC): I Q sriiiie except. ?.¡u. 1977. Gorirer (Go;iter): I U Dorwt. Portland Bill. 9.iu.19SO. Car\alh» (JPC): I O. sriiiic except. I5.-16.vi.I9S5. Hall (Hall): 1 O. I Q Hiinipshire h'eu IO.iu.19SO. C;ir\aIho R- Canioeh (JPC): 1 Fonte de Foreht. Il.\[email protected] (Goater): 3 O Orkiiey 1s.. Bispo. 1 l50iii. h.vii.1993. Karhholt (ZXlLCi: 1 Q same Orpliir. 16.vi. 197s. Goatcr (Gwter): I O Shetland. e\cc.pt. 10.iOiii. 7.vii. 1993. Kiirsholt (ZAlL;Ci: 1 O Rab- Hell.;~ic!,. ?-:.vi¡. 1971. Goater (Giiiiter). XI.ACED0- acal. 2S.\.l9S2. C;ir\;iIlio S: Coiitcntr. (JPC): l 0 same KíA: I O Rovinj. 6.-15.¡\.1977. Rocsler LE. Küppers eucept. -3l.\.iii.I9SI. Car\;ilho 6 Caiiioci (JPC): I O (SLIS). smie except. 25.¡\. I9S1. Car\allio & Ciiiiior.\ (JPC): I hlADEIRA IS. hlADEIRA: 1 Q Arcliiida do Teiueira. 9 smee\cept. 12.i\. 19SO. Carvallio R- Ctiiiioei (JPC); 4.\i.l9SO. Ciirvalho 6 Cnrnoes (JPC): I O s;im except. I O. sarne except. 10OOiii. 2S.ui.IO72. Lundqvist 6. IGOOrii. 22.i,i.I99-~.Karsholt (ZXILi'C): 1 Q Bica da n'olif (ZLIL'C): 5 D. 7 Q abwe Santrina. 103Oni. Cana. I.vi.19SO. P. Carbalho 6 Contente (JPC): 1 O. 2 6,s.1994. Kiirsholt (ZhlUC): 1 O Siiiitanri. Ilha. 900iii. EST. SC.ASD. \'OL. 2S:4 ( 1997) ,/- 65 Fiss 6-1-67. U genitalia: (64. 65) Eiith~iiitiliictl/~e,gnlis, GU Ktiss 634. Cape Verde 1sliind.i. Santo Antao: (66. 67) E. />""i'i 1. ENT. SCASD. \'OL. ZS:1(1997) Scopariins Crambidae of the hlacarone4:in Rqion 539 ,.-, >? '. I c .._ iI t 6s 530 Nuss, M.et al. EST. SCASD. VOL. 28:4 (1 997) c .. EKT. SCASD. VOL. 284 (1997) Scopariine Crambidae of the Macaronesian Region 541 Reiriarks. - The species occurs on Madeira 1. in Female genitalia: Corpus bursae globular, sip- tuo forms. One is endemic for Madeira and was num drop-shaped; ductus bursae without loops. described as S. irtipriiis. These specimens have a hlnferiril e.rnrriiited. - Holotype Q ‘Holotypus’, ‘Isole black basal streak. u.hich ends in the lower stigma Canarie Sett.-Ott. 1992 Sped. G. Bassi’. ‘0J.X. 1993 Lux at the antemedial fascia. We consider this an C. Gran Canaria Ayacata ni.1000’. ‘15482‘, ‘GU Nr. infraspecific variation as no differences were 608 prep. hI. h’uss’, ’Holotype Eudonin puviangusta Niiss, Karsholt. hleyer det. hl. Nuss. 1993’. ‘coll. G. found in the genitalia. Bassi’ (hlRSN). Paratypes: 5 G’, 7 Q sarne label data Dyw (1929) erroneously described S. hparih (MRSN. h’uss, ZM. ZhlüC). from Jamaica, but this \vas corrected by the col- Deri\.atio tiomitii.5. - h’anied after the Latin parvrrs lector, T. D. A. Cockerell who stated the type ísniall) and otigirstirs (nnrrow). relating to the srnall and locality as ‘Villa Baleira, Porto Sante, Madeira narrow forru.in_os. 1s.’ (Cockerell 1929). E. arigirstea \vas recorded from the Azores by Disfrihfioji.- Knonn only froni the type locality Carvalho (1982). Rebel (1917, 1940~).Vieira R: oii Gran Canaria. Pintureau (1991) and Warren (1905). Material of Biologj. - Knotvn flight period: October. these authors investigated did not include speci- mens of E. arigirstea from the Azores. Specimens Rertiarks. - The smallest scopariine moth from the collected by Carvalho in the Azores and deter- Macaronesian Region; it is very similar to small mined as E. arigirstea belong to E. iriterlitiealis. speciniens of E. ntigiisrea. We assume that al1 the above records are based on similar misidentifications and that E. arigtrsrea Eudotiia geniitioJ?e.wosn sp. n. does not occur in the Azores. Rebel (1930a) fig- (Figs 3 1.62.63.84) tired E. augitsfea under the name of S. steriota. Superficially. E. ririgitstra is very similar to the Diagnosis. - Very similar to E. parviangrtsta, but following t\vo species. broader forenings and feniale with ductus bursae Witli two loops. Eiidotiin pnrvinngustn sp. n. Descriptiori. - Wingspan 12-16 rnm (n=44). (Figs 30,66,67,83) Superficially very similar to E. parviarigusta; Diagiiosis. - A very small species; foreuings nar- forewing shape in both sexes varying from trian- row, wing pattern inconspicuous. Female: ductus gular to long and narrow; forewing upperside with bursae Lvithout any loops. brown and black scaliiig. niixed with white and irridescent scales: antemedial and postmedial fas- Descriptiori. - Wingspan 10-1 3 inm (n=13). ciae ivhite, bordered uiih black tobvards medial Sniall, lvings very narrow; u.ith predominantly aren: \vith ttvo black, claviforin antemedial stig- \vhite and black scaling, with a few broun scales; niata; discocellular stigma X-shaped. near post- iipperside of foreuings, head and palpi mainly medial fascia; postmedial fascia nearly straight, black, irridescent: base of proboscis and under- sometinies slightly wavy; subterminal fascia not sidz of head and thorax white; abdomen dorsally connected with postmedial fascia; black interneti- c light grey; \vine pattern inconspiciious: basal area ral dots along ternien; fringe brown with a uhite \vith a black streak: antemedial fascia whitish, niediall!, linr: hindwings white, brown scaled Lvith one black spot as stigma: discocrllular xtig- aloiig thrt vsins and at thz ternien. fringe basally ni2 X-shnped. near postmedial fasciii; postmedial br0tt.n. then \v hi te. fasciii foriiiiiig a X u.ith the subterminal fascia; hlale genitnlia: Unciis broad. dista1 slightly hindivings nhits, w,ith a brobvn trrniinal shade, hilobed: dorsal aiid ventral rnargin of valvae fringe tvitli tirst rcxv short and broivn. second one slightly concave. distally slightly tipciirved. long md Lvhits. Feniiilr geiiitalia: Corpus bursae globular. sig- hínle gsnit;iliri: Cncus distrill! slightly bilobed. iitiin drop-shapsd; ductiis bursae beyond corptis latzral \vith fewer h;iirs tli:in E. nrigirsroa: val\.az bursae thickened aiid uitli ttvo loops. distnlly nrirrotver thm iii E. mgiisferi. dorsal niar- gin straight. \.eiitro-basal mnrgin concave. ventro- hf~7ictk7/~.wttri~i~d. - Holotype Q ’Holotypus‘, ‘Ins. Caniir. Ten. Güliiirir 10-3O.X 1966 J Kliiiiesch’. ‘Holo- distally conves. ape?; slishtly pointeil: jiista siiiii- txps Eiidoniii piinotlewosa h’iiss. Kmholt. hlsyer lar to justa of E. arrgiisrea. but nitich 11‘1‘I rolver, drt. hl. Nii 541 Ríi.rs. Al. et nl. EST. SCASD. \'OL. 2S:4 (1997) li ! 73 74 75 EST. SCASD. VOL. 7Q:4í 1997) Scopaii inc' Cianibidae of thr Macarone5ian Rrpion 543 I l I 77 \ 76 7s ,. 544 hirs~.Al. et 01. EST. SCASD. VOL. 28:4 (1997) \.. c - 79 81 EST. SCAND. VOL. 23:4 (1 997) Scopariine Cranibidae of the hlacaronesian Region 515 Eiidoiiia lindbergalis (Viette) comb. n. and other Lepidoptera. Also. al1 the Macaronesian (Figs 32,64, 65. 77) Islands \vere sometimes combined under the term 'Canaries' or 'Kanaren'. Eirtlorici liiidherylis Viette. 3933: 6. fig. 3. In the Natural History hluseiirn, London Dingrzosis. - In wing pattern and niale genitalia (BMA'H) are three males of E. sterrota and one very similar to E. lirieola lirieola; but male reti- male of E. scoriellíi labelled as follous: 'Canary, nacul u m \vi t h hani tis. iv.1885, coll. Leech. 1900-64'. Also, one speci- men of E. aiigustea of the typical Madeiran form Desoiptioii. - Wingspan 14-15 mm (n=i3). u.ith the black basal streak present. has this same Small; apex of foreivings pointed, termen oblique; label and a second is labelled: 'Leech coll. 1900- forewings predoininantly brown, in basal area 64, hladeira'. \Ve assume that some of Leechs some black dots; anteniedial fascia white, in mid- material became niixed and that the first men- dle uith an inclentation on inner margin; anteme- tioned label was incorrectly attached to some dial stigmata black, ovate and not connected with Madeiran specimens. fascia; discocellular stigrna black. X-shaped; post- The German entomologist Pinker collected in medial and subterminal fascia together forming a the hlacaronesian Islands. In his material some X, both fasciae are interrupted by brown scales; specimens from Azorean islands are labelled 'Ka- subterminal area \vith a sprinkling of black scales; naren', e.g. four specimens of Scopar-ia serniarii- fringe basally black, then brown; hindwings plalis: 'Kanaren St. hliguel v.69 Ieg. Pinker'. white, with a bronm terminal shade; fringes basal- \Ve have also considered the possibility that the ly brown, then white. single specimen of Scopariri coeciitiac~ilnlisfroni hlale genitalia: Uncus bilobed: ventro-basa1 hladeira could be a mis!abelied specimen, though margin of valvae concave, then convex, distally \ve have not been able to prove that. iipcurved; juxta pear-shaped. E. mer-cirr-ella (Linnaeus) had been recorded Feniale genitalia: Bursa copulatrix globular. from Madeira by Bethune-Baker (1894), Cocke- structiire of surface reticulate, signum round; duc- rell (1929), Rebel (1917) Stainton (1859) and tus bursae beyoiid corpus bursae with two loops, Vieira BC Pintureau (1991) and from the Azores by near ductus seminalis with some little spines. Carvalho (l9S3), Vieirri R: Pintureau (1991) and Marerinl e.~m~i~icd.- Holotype CY 'Type', 'Ins. Cabo Warren (1905). Rebel (1910a. 194Oc) reported Verde S. Antiío hlte. Conceifao 1.1.1954 Panelius', that these records \vere probably a misidentifica- 'Eudoria 0 lindhergalic n.sp. Holotype P. Viette', 'Geni- tion of E. drcordlri or S. ciqi~ipetrtialis.We could talia 0 P. Viette Prép. No. 340s'. 'Eudoria lindbergalis Viettr Holotype dct. hl.Nuss' (ZhlU) (slide inissing). not find any specimens of E. riiercur-ella from Paratyprs: 'tres noinhreux exeiiiplairec de la nihr hladeira or the Azores at the BhINH. Some speci- localité' (Uette 1938). The follouing tiave been seen: 1 niens frorn the Azores collected in 1903 were . 0. 3 Q (ZhlLJ). 5 Q WKHK). 1 U (CNC).26 further deterniined as E. irirrcurelia but \ve identified speciniens in Zhlü (hlikkola. perii. comni. 1995). CAPE VERDES: 2 Q Santo Antiío. Campo de Cño. thein as S. neqiiiperirinlis and S. seiriinriiplnlis. \Ve 3O.sii. 1953. Lindhrrg (CNC). conclude that E. iiierriirelln does not occtir in the kíacaronesian Region and al1 records are to be Disrribirtinrr. - Knokvn only froni Santo Antao, considered as niisidenti fications. Cape Verde 1s. Ths only kno\vn species of Scopa- riiiiiie frorn this archipelago. Species erroneousl? described as Rrt~~r-X-s.- E. liiidtiergcilis is closely related to E. Scopariinae li/i~~l~,they have siiiiilar uing pattern and geni- tiilia. It is posible that frssh specimens are of Rebel (1 9 17: 49) described Scoparia gilvescens niore greyish colour than indicated in the 'De- erroncously as a Scopiiriinae. The species was scription'. transferred to Hmsreisser-iri Roeslsr. 1973 (Phy- citinae) by Rorsslrr (1973: ?SI). Doiibtful records and species Systenintic and biogeographical Apart froni niisidentifications ue ha\e niet uith a considerations nuniber of niore or Iscs ob\ ioub cases of niislabel- ling of sprsciniens of blacaroiiesian Scopariinx In pmer;il. the Lepidoptera fauna of hlacaroiiesia 546 Kiiss, iil. et (ii. EST. SCASD. VOL. 28:1 (1997) .i. . 1 , EST.SCXSD. VOL. 78:4 (1997) Scopariine Crarnbidae of the hlacaronesian Region 517 conforms \ve11 to the expected pattern of decreas- ocsanic islands is a reiiiarkable phenonieiion. \Ve iiig species richiiess Lvith increasing distance froin propose that rititecological requireiiients of larvae the niainland that potentially serves as the species and adults are correlated Iargely with the cliinato- pool. For example, 96 species of hlacrolepidopte- iogical conditioiis of these oceanic islands, spe- ra are know froni hlrideira and 53 from the more cifically that scopariinss are adapted to temperate distant Azores (Meyer 1996). In the Pyraloidea. and humid climates because the larvae live in 52 species are recorded from Nadeira (Carvalho niosses and lichens. Pimpl (19SS) denionstrated 1996) and 20 froni the Azores (hleyer, Niiss 8: that adults are stiiiitilated to enierge by increased Speidel 1997). In siight contrast to the expected huniidity. Based on oiir knowledge of the bioiogy restilt. the Scopariinae has five to sis species froni of Etiropean species (Goater 1986; Pinipl 1988). hladeira and five species froni the Caniiry Islands. it is asstmed that Scopariinae of oceanic islands btit niore species, seven, froni tlie Azores. also feed on niosses and lichens. It is also there- Of the sixteen scopnriine species that occur iii fore not surprisiiig that the number of scopariine the archipelagos of hlacaronesia. 14 are endeinic species present on remote islands correlates with to these islands. Oiily Eirdoiiici crrigir.uen and E. a high nuinber of cryptograni species (Mitchell- liiieoln are distributed beyond the islands to the Thome 1976; Eggers 1952; Purvis. Janies B neighboring continents. On these niid-Aitlantic Smith 1996) on those archipelagos. islands the Scopariinae are richer in endemics Colonization of oceanic islands by scopariines than any other group of the Pyraloidea (Rebel has not been observed or docuniented. Posible 19 17). For esaiiiple:, ten eiidemic pyraloids are mechanisms of dispersa1 facilitated by ocean sur- found on the Azores, and seven are scopariines face currents and iviiids include dr (see hleyer, Nuss 8: Speidel 1997). Most Macaro- plankton.' rafting on debris, and floating (Peck nesian scopariine endcmics occtir on niore thaii 1991a. b). Considerable data regarding aerial dis- one island aiid are restricted to a single archipela- psrsal of Pyraloidea in general across the sea has go (Table 3). except the Madeiran endeinics and acctinitilated throiiph the collection of air-borne E. drcorellri that occtir oii both Madeira and the specinieiis from ships (Holzapfel 8: Harrell 196S, Canary Islands. It is interesting [O note that thers Holzapfel 8: Perkins 1969, Gtiilmette, Holzapfel is an iiicrease in the numbcr of endeniics with & Ts~ida1970, Peck 19943): no stich records exist increasing distance froiii the niainland: one on froni airplane saniples at higher elevations (Gres- Cape Verdes. 011s on the Canary Islands plus sitt. et al. 1961. Yoshiinoto. Gressitt & Mitchel hladeira. t~vo(plus ttvo stibspecies) oii the Canary 196). Yoshiinoto A Gressitt 1963, Holzapfel Isliinds. three on hladeira. aiid seven on thr 197s). . Azores. Becniise there is no evidsnce that the klacaro- The relatively high iiiiiiiber of instiliir endeniic nesiaii Scopariinae represent a nionophyletic scopariiiies described above is iiot iiniqtie to ,orotip. it can be assunied that Macaronesia has hlacaronesia. Siiiiilar patteriis of eiideniisni are bseii siibject to successive colonization events. fotind on other oceanic islands. For exaniple. The fauna seeiiis to be a niixtiire of New World three eiidrinic scopiiriiiies are kiiown froin Juan and Olcl World eleiiieiits. For esaniple. within Feriiaiidrz Islrinds (Clarke 1965): three froin Rapa hlacaroiiesia foiir species of Scoptrri~roccur only Is1:iiid (Cliirktr 197 i ): I Z froiii [he hl;irqticsx iii the Azores. aiid tliey forin a nionophyletic Archipelago (Clarke I9S6): niore than 100 froiii gcotip nith S. l?ipl(~~;i(ili.rfroni North Anisrica and tlie Hawaiiiiii Islaiiiis (hliiiiroe I9S9): and 130 S. joiic.rtrli.s froiii the Bernitidii I.;lancls. Because froin Ne\v Zealand (Dtigdiile 19SS). Leratit (19S9) the IllOSt C~ost.~~rcinted species tO the Azores recorclecl 1-3 eiideiiiic scopariiiies frciiii h1iidriga.;- giwp occtir in tlie Kenrctic. this iiidicatrs that ex. tliree froiii the Coiiiores. oiie froiii Retiiiioii. ancestorb of the Azorsaii species u ere clispersed rind olle fron1 hlaiirititi 011 thc. aiitlirctic hlac- viii th? Giilf Sti-eaiii froiii th? Ne\i. \\\órld. The J- qtiacie Islaiid. a scopai [le specie.; is the onl'. Anoiiiiil! Riclge. a (Ir! I:iiicl bridge dtiriiig thr Cre- iiioth breediiig oii tliiit islniid (Coiiiiiion 1963). txt'oiis mi Tei.tiiiry (Eiiisr!. & Ucliiipi I9S-l). and Tliw figtires sugpest that Scopiriiiiae can be the Beriiiticla Ishiiiis iiiri! have served as stepping condered a clinriicteiistic eleiiioiit of ocennic Stoiies f~i.eiii.1~ cüloiiisii (hl;ip I ), i il Ciiiclt; . Soiiie scopiiriiiieh froiii hliidsira. Canary The sticcess of Scopariinae iii coioniziiig Islaiids. and Cape Verde Isliiiids are rslated to 51s h'irss, Al. et al. EST. SCASD. VOL. 283 (1997) European species. For esaniple. Eiirloriicr irigiis- 1). The 'oceaiiic typs' of niale genitalia in Eiido- tea is distributed along the coasts of northern riia is most \ve11 developed in those species whose Africa and western Europe and also occiirs on ancestors dispersed over large oceanic distances. hladeira and Canary Islands. Eiidoriin lirieola has Although u'e do not have a convincing hypothesis a similar distribution. but is absent from Madeira to accoiint for the expression of the 'oceanic type' and is represented on the Canary islands by two and 'continental type' of niale genitalia. it is high- siibspecies, E. litzeola clorcicla and E. lirieola tafi- ly unlikely that al1 oceanic Eudoriiei form a dis- rella. Eirdoriia sliaferi, endeniic to Madeira, is crete nionophyletic group and that al1 continental identical to E. lineolri in wing pattern and is rnost species a separate monophyletic group. We pro- likely a close relative. It is iinknoivn Lvhether E. pose that the genitalic niorphology niay reflect lirieola is derived frorn a kladeirari ancestor of E. adaptation to similar ecological conditions on shcifferi, or vice versa. However. the short dis- reinote islands and the resiilt of parallel ecolution. tance to the contiiients, ocean surface currents, iii coiiclusion, classic taxonomic characters and winds do not favor either of these scenarios. such as wing pattern and rnorphology of the exter- A closer relationship seems to exist between E. nal genitalia are not particularly informative for liiidberyalis frorn the Cape Verde Islands, and E. elucidating phylogenetic relationships among the gerriirzofle.riiosa, E. decorella, and E. lirieola frorn species of Eudoriia. Future taxonornic studies the Canary Islands. These four species appear to miist iiivestigate alternative character systems. be a nionophyletic group based on the two loops of the ductus bursae that is uniqiie to this clade. Eirdoioriia scoriellci from hladeira may be Acknowledgements another species of Nearctic origin. Its nearest rel- The tirst author wishes to thank hlr Michael Shaffer for ative appears to be E. rectiliiiea (Zeller), that his generous help during several weeks of working in occurs in British Columbia and California. the pyriiloid collection at the B'VINH. He has been one Although nearly identical in aing pattern, the two of my niost influentical teachers in entomology by his alivays helpful and critica1 assessnient of my work, species differ in strtictures of the niale genitalia. especially in collection curation and genitalia slide The genitalia of E. scoriella (Fig. 45) has a rnod- preparation. Last but not Ieast, the study of most types erately long. slightly narrow uncus, and the dorsal for this paper \vas done with his kind support. and ventral rnargins of the valvae are nearly sym- We are greütly indebted to the following for loans of cpecimens: hlr E. Areiiberper (Austria): hlr M. Báez metrical; \ve cal1 this the 'oceanic type' of niale (Tenerife. Spain); Dr G. Bassi. MRSN: Dr J. Passos de genitalia. In contrast. E. rtctiliriccr has a short. CarLalho (Portugal): hlr. G. Derra (Geriiinny): hlr G. basally hroad. distally bilobed iincus. and tlie val- Eberi. ShlS: hlr B. Goiiter (G.K.):hlr B. Gustavcson, vae have a straight dorsal niargiii and a concave NHRS: hlr K. Hall (U.K.):Xlr hl. Hcllers (Luxeni- bo1ii.g): hlr T. Karisch (Germany): Di. J. Klimesch (Aus- ventral margin; \ve cal1 this thc 'continental typr' trin): Dr B. Landry. CKC: hlr K. Liirseii (Deniiiark); Dr of rnale genitalia. On the basis of the genitalia. hl. LOdI. NHM: Dr G. C. Luqtiet. hlNHN: Dr K. hlik- these two species appear not to be closely reliited. kola. ZXIU: Prof. J. hlinet. hlSHS: Dr B. hlüller (Ger- Hoivever. niany species of Eirrkiriia on oceanic nim) 1: hlr \V. Schrnitz (Gerinany): Dr A. Solis. USNM; Dr \V. Speidel (Gerniany) and Xlr A. \Verno (Gerniany). islands express a similar genitalic divergence \Ve want to thaiik PIof. K. P. Kristensen, ZhlUC and Dr * from their putative niainland ancestors: E. iritrr- \V. hley. ZXI for helpftil disciissions: Dr B. Bannert ZM 1irirrrli.v (Fig. 42) and E. Iiitrirsri1i.r (Fig. 44) from and Dr D. Agossiz (C.K.) for correctioiis to the Engli rnaiiiimipi: Di. B. h'euhiius and hlr P. Czaja for ass the Azores: Eiitloriici species oii the Ha\vaiian tiiiic'e nt ihe Sc3iiriinco-Elrctron-hlicroscope.Zhl: hlrs V. Isliinds (Ziniiiiernian 196s: hltinros I9S9): aiid Richter. Zhl for drawinf Map I : hlrs IV. Hiirre. Zhl for Ei~loriinspecies frorii the hIarqiieses Archipelago thc developiiient of the photographs; Dr R. Gaedike (Clarke 19S6). hlost Eictlo/iiii species from (üeiitsches Entoniologisches Institut. Eberswalde. Ger- Europe, Africa. and Australia tliat \ve exaiiiiiied niiiii?) fur his hrlp in bibliographical work: the Carls- ber; Fouiidiitiori (Denniark) for funding the field u.ork hine ths 'continental type' of niale genitalin. of O. Kmholt iii hliideirii: and the Dciitsche Fors- Eirdoriiri decowllti. E. steriotri. iind E. s/ia@ri cliiiri;'f'nic.in4ch3ft (Bonri. Geriiicin) ) for fiiiiding the froni hladeira. and al1 Eiidoriio species froni the txxmoniic ivork on Scopiiriiiiae for hl. h'uss. Oiir spe- cicil thaiils go to Dr AIiiia Solis (USS\l) aiid Dr hlari- Cariar} Islands aiid tlie Cape \'de Islrinds also xine Horal, (.Aiistraliii) who revisived thr niiinuscript exhibit the 'continental type' of iiinls genitaliii. arid g:ivr helpftil criticisiii and coiiiriients. This can be espliiiiied bj, the relatively close prosiiiiity of thsse islands to the coiitinents (Table EST. SCXSD. VOL. 2S:4 í 1997) scopíiriine Crarnbidae of the hlacaronesian Region 539 References Aléiiioires de lo Sociéré d'Agricicltiire, des Scieiices. Arrí er Bel1e.r Lrrrrer di ü6rxzrteifienf de I'Arrbe. Arnsel. H. G. 1952. Neue niaroccanische Kleinschrnet- TrnJe.7 12: 1 -2S7. terlinne. Eirlleriii dr Icr SociEiP des Scierices h'ofii- Dugdale. J. 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