Inside this issue: Volume 4, No. 2

Gront Awards & Updates...lrish anarchists and Black Nationalism Fall 2000

Update on the IAS...saying goodbye to a board member, new website, 2000 fundraising campaign, and more

What's Hoppening...books, magazines, events, and anarchist comrades

Writing Contest...call for essays on the new social movement Postructuralist Anarchism An Interview with Todd May

As a political philosophy, them? I believe there is. If I'm right anarchism is concerned with What I see as the essential in my approach, what anar the transformation of society; link between anarchism and chism provides to poststruc however, anarchism is often the poststructuralism of Lyo turalism is a larger frame neglected by major political tard, Deleuze, and especially work within which to situate and philosophical trends. In Foucault, is the denial that its specific analyses. The an attempt to situate anar there is some central hinge framework is a different one, chism within contemporary about which political change to be sure, from the tradi philosophical thought as well could or should revolve. For tional anarchist framework. It as think critically about anar Marx, political change was a is not unchanged by post chism, Todd May has created matter of seizing the means structuralism. But the new what he calls postructuralist of production; for liberals, it framework I have tried to anarchism. By grafting lies in regulating the state. articulate would be news to French postructuralist What anarchists deny (at least most poststructuralists, who thought onto anarchism, May in parts of their writings, the resist the idea of a larger offers a new political philoso parts which I'm trying to framework altogether. phy with which to analyze draw out) is that there is a our worid. I conducted an single Archimedean point for interview with Todd May via change. Inasmuch as power How dochism, we reconcilewhich often anarrelies email in October 2000. is everywhere, the need for on politically unifying principles - Rebecca DeWitt political reflection and cri (such as anti-capitalist I statist tique is also everywhere. Not stances), with postructuralist only at the level of the state thought, which sees power as an Postructuralistthe combination Anarchism of anarchism is or the economy, but also at interconnected network rather than and poststructuralist philosophy the level of sexuality, race, a system to be opposed? (the work of Foucault, Lyotard psychology, teaching, etc. etc. Regarding the idea of totaliz and Deleuze). What is essential to «/> ing systems, it is surely the both these political philosophies s there anything left of anar that makes it possible to combine I chism? Continued on page 6 t/>

Reclaim the Cities: From Protest to Popular Power

"Direct action gets the goods," anarchism and anticapitalism streets" is an understandable proclaimed the Industrial almost household words. As one. When industrial capital Workers of the Wodd neady a if that weren't enough, we ism first started to emerge in century ago. And in the short find ourselves on the streets the early nineteenth century, time since Seattle, this has cer of twenty-first-century me its machinations were rela tainly proven to be the case. tropolises demonstrating our tively visible. Take, for in Indeed, "the goods" reaped by power to resist in a way that stance, the enclosures. Pas models the good society we ture lands that had been ui the new direct action move ment here in North America envision: a truly democratic used in common for centu have included creating doubt ries to provide villages with as to the scope and nature of their very sustenance were globalization, shedding light But is this really what democ systematically fenced off - on the neady unknown work racy looks like? enclosed - in order to graze ings of international trade and sheep, whose wool was The impulse to "reclaim the finance bodies, and making Continued on page 8 PERSPECTIVES ON ANARCHIST THEORY Pago 2

IAS Update Perspectives on Anarchist Theory This fall sees the IAS expand funding oppor anarchism and South Africa to include issues tunities, say goodbye to a board member and such as Black Nationalism. See page three Fall 2000, VoL 4, No. 2 find a new home on the internet, as well as for more details. continue with our general activities. Newsletter of the Institute Cindy Milstein and John Petrovato organized for Anarchist Studies As a result of our June 2000 board meeting a great anarchist conference at the end of we decided to sponsor a writing contest in August It was a pleasure to attend an anar Editor: addition to our usual grant awards. We chist conference where a high level of Rebecca DeWitt wanted some way to connect more direcdy thought was present in both the presenta with contemporary political developments tions and inevitably lively lunch and dinner and offer financial support to a wider variety conversations. Five board members gave of people. While our grants are meant for presentations to varying degrees, along with Subscription Rates more substantial projects, we decided to of a wide variety of activists and intellectuals. (Two issues per year) fer $1000 for a short essay focusing on anar I A S D o n o r s - F r e e chist perspectives on the "new social move Chuck Morse's interview with Janet Biehl I n d i v i d u a l s - $ 5 ment" we see developing all around us. See (Spring 1998) has been translated into two I n s t i t u t i o n s - $ 1 0 more languages, German and Japanese — that Bulk (25 Copies)- $25 page three for more details. The winning essay will be published in the newsletter as makes six different translations so far. My well as on our website. article on Seattle (Spring 2000) was quoted in (Please make checks a London based Portuguese language news payable to the Michelle Matisons, after five years as a board paper and will also be reprinted, in a revised Institute for Anarchist Studies) member, is moving on. She has relocated to state, in the upcoming issue of Social Anar the San Francisco Bay area where she has chism. Disclaimer: the views ex just successfully completed a PhD. in pressed in Perspectives do not Women's Studies. Her dissertation, Our fundraising campaign is going quite well necessarily represent the views "Systems, Standpoints, and Subjects: Marxist although we still need $6000 in donations to of the IAS as a whole. The ma Legacies in U.S. Feminist Theories" looks at meet our goal. So far, we have received terial in this newsletter is © the the ways in which Marxism has influenced $14,000 in donations and we thank every Institute for Anarchist Studies. US feminism - for better or for worse. From one — old and new supporters — for their the start, Michelle committed herself to en generosity. We recendy received a fabulous suring the success of the IAS and we have all donation from Aigis Press of three new ti IAS Board of Directors: enjoyed working with her. des, which will compliment our books for donors. These include Since Predator Came: Paula Emery, John Petrovato, The IAS website has moved to a new loca Notes From The Struggle For American Indian Dan Chodorkoff, tion, http://flag.blackened.net/ias. This an Liberation by Ward Churchill; From State to Cindy Milstein, Maura Dillon, archist site has generously offered to host Community: Rethinking South Korean Modernisa Paul Glavin, Chuck Morse the IAS and we are happy to be in the com tion by Seung-joon Ahn; and One Si%e Does pany of friends. Our email address stays the Not Fit All by Beverly Naidus. See the book General Director: same for the time being and we'll maintain a list insert for all the wonderful books from Rebecca DeWitt redirect page on our old website account Raven Used Books you can choose from and support the IAS. A new page on the website detailing how ~ Rebecca DeWitt P.O. Box 1664 and where to find completed IAS projects Peter Stuyvesant Station will be of interest to everyone. Future pages New York, NY 10009 - USA in the works include advice on writing and publishing for the radical writer. Phone: 718-349-6367 The IAS website has moved! E-mail: [email protected] This year we gave out our first grant to a Our new address is fiction project For quite some time, we have Web: http://flag.blacken.cd been committed to funding the "written net/ias/Defaulthtm word" and we are excited to have given a http://flag.blackened.net/ias grant for a play about an Irish anarchist We Grants awarded • Entire collection of The IAS is a nonprofit, also gave a grant to a previous grant recipient newsletters • Application materials • tax-exempt organization. who will expand upon his original work on Anarchism links VOLUME 4, NO. 2 Page 3

Grant Awards

The IAS Board of Directors was pleased ety. Kevin Doyle is an award winning extensively on historical and contempo to award grants to the following indi short story writer and political activist rary labor politics. - viduals in June 2000: He is a founding member of the Work ers Solidarity Movement, an anarchist If you are interested in applying for a $1000 to Kevin Doyle for "Orange organization in Ireland. grant, please send a SASE to the IAS at Fire", a three act theater play about the P.O. Box 1664, Peter Stuyvesant Station, life, beliefs and struggles of Irish activist $1000 to Lucien van der Walt for New York, NY 10009 - USA; or print Captain Jack White (1879-1946), who "Anarchism and Revolutionary Syndical an application from our website, http:// strongly identified as an anarchist. ism in South Africa, 1904-1921", which flag.blackened.net/ias. White's life and anarchist beliefs have all expands upon a project previously but been obliterated due to the destruc funded by the IAS. This new work will tion of his memoirs and papers by his deal with the influence of anarchism and Writing Prize family (White came from a privileged revolutionary syndicalism on broader Protestant family loyal to the British social movements in the same period. The IAS is offering a $1000 award for an essay that advances anarchist per The specific focus is on the impact of monarchy) and the fact that, as a revolu spectives on the "new social move tionary, he has been "written out" of the libertarian socialist ideas on trade unions ments" represented by recent interna history books. In order to provide a and Black Nationalism. This project tional anti-globalization protests. Es framework with which activists can chal builds upon the original research into says should address this movement in a lenge sectarian divisions in Ireland, this the influence of anarchism and revolu fashion that links theory to practice in play aims to situate White within Irish tionary syndicalism on revolutionary order to contribute to the emergence revolutionary history as well as anar groups in South Africa. Lucien van der of new anarchist praxis, theory in chism and draws on the destruction of Walt is a student, teacher and activist in formed by practice. Submissions should White's papers as a metaphor for the South Africa. His work focuses on trade be between 3000 and 10,000 words. union activity in Africa and he has written Written work already funded by the repressive mentality of a sectarian soci IAS will not be considered. The winning essay will receive $1000 and excerpts will be published in the IAS newsletter. Grant Updates Deadline for submissions is January 1,2001.

C.W. Brown completed Vanguards of the Sam Mbah completed a draft of his Crusaders; The American Radical Right, Lib manuscript, Military Dictatorship and The in issue #3 of Arsenal: A Magazine oj"An eral Ideology, and the New World Order and State of Africa. He hopes to finish the archist Strategy and Culture (Winter 2001). presented it in August in Vermont dur book and begin the publishing process He was awarded $1500 in January 2000. ing the anarchist conference "Critical this fall. He was awarded $2000 in Janu Anarchism: Remaking the Tradition." ary 1999. Fernando Lopez continues research He was awarded $800 in June 1997. on, The FACA and the Anarchist Movement Frank Adams completed a draft of his in Argentina. He has completed three Allan AntlifFs book, The Culture of Re essay "Work Ownership & Work Man chapters and is now writing about anar volt: Art and Anarchy in America, went agement: One Anarchist's Perspective" chist activities in the Devoto prison dur through final editing at the Univeristy of and aims to complete the essay by spring ing 1931. He has also collaborated with Chicago Press. "Cosmic Modernism: 2001. He was awarded $500 in June university students to research material Elie Nadelman, Adolf Wolff, and the 1997. on the "disappeared comrades" of the Materialist Aesthetics of John Weich- late 70's. He was awarded $2200 in June sel", an article based on material from Mike Staudenmaier's piece Towards a 1999. his book, can be found in the March New Anarchist Theory of Nationalism is 1999 issue of Archives of American Art shaping up with research on theories of Joe Lowndes is still working on his es History, magazine of the Smithsonian. nationalism in Bakunin, Landauer, and say "Anarchism and the Rise of Right- He was awarded $1000 in January 1997. Rocker; theories on the nature and char wing Anti-Statism", focusing on the role acter of nations and states; and contem of white southern activists and intellec Matt Hern and Stuart Chalk's book, porary anarchist responses to national tuals in the 1940s and 1950s in creating Architecture of Isolation is available soon isms, including the rWW as anti- the racist antistatist discourse prevalent ftom Broadview Press, Ontario. Excerpts pub nationalist and the Anarchist Black on the right today. An article will be lished in Democracy & Nature, Vol. 6, No. Cross Federation as pro-nationalist A produced in the near future. He was 1. They woe awarded $1200 in January 1998. version of this project will be published awarded $1000 in June 1998. ~ Page 4 PERSPECTIVES ON ANARCHIST THEORY

What's Happening: Books and Events

ism is possible thanks to several new lapatismo! publications from London's Kate Shar The Zapatista experience is rich in les pley Library. Louis Lecoin: An Anarchist sons for anyone working to think Life (33 pages, large format) traces the through a radical politics for today. John biography of a French anarchist whose Ross's forthcoming The War Against political activity spanned more than a Oblivion: Zapatista Chronicles 1994-2000 half-century, ending with his death 1971. adds another volume to the already They have also released a treatment of a abundant literature on the Zapatistas' more contemporary movement: The Cou accomplishments and dilemmas riers are Revo/ting: The Despatch Industry (Common Courage Press, Decem Workers Union, 1989-92 (24 pages). Read ber 2000, 320 pages). This book analyzes ers will also want to pick up Chris Mo- the evolution of the Zapatistas and their sey's Car Wars: Battles on the Road to No conflict with the Mexican state from where for a look at the anarchist- their 1994 uprising to Mexico's recent influenced anti-roads movement in the presidential elections. Some of the theo UK (Vision Paperbacks, 222 pages, retical background of Zapatista work March 2000). This book traces the his can be found in Our Word Is Our tory of opposition to the automobile Weapon: Selected Writings of Subcumandante and the explosion of these sentiments in Luisa Capetillo Insurgente Marcos (Seven Stories Press, the UK during the first half of the December 2000, 416 pages). This collec 1990's. Special attention is paid to the tion is divided into three sections: the Press, August 2000, 164 pages). Readers Reclaim the Streets group. first contains Marcos' political essays may also wish to consult Robert Bur- and shows the evolution of Zapatismo bach's Globalisation And Postmodern Poli as a whole; the second presents Marcos' tics: From Zapatistas To High Tech Robber atin-American Feminism philosophical queries, personal reflec Barons (Pluto Press, December 2000, 192 If European radicalism has not been tions, and humorous recollections on his pages). This book develops a critical fully documented, then the history of first days as a guerrilla, as well as letters analysis of global capitalism and places Latin American anarchism has hardly to other writers; and the final section contemporary opposition movements, been touched. Norma Valle Ferrer's The features short stories, folk tales, and such as the Zapatistas and the protest Story of Luisa Capetillo: a Pioneer Puerto Ri- mythic pieces for which he has become movements that laid siege to last year's can Feminist will make a contribution to famous. WTO meeting in Seattle in this context. the rectification of this problem (Peter Lang Publishing, December 2000). Luisa Capetillo (1879-1922) was one of the u. nderstanding is Half the Battle ost Anarchist Struggles leading figures of Puerto Rico's early Noam Chomsky tackles some of the While European anti-authoritarian labor movement, a movement in which international contradictions that help movements are relatively well docu libertarian socialism was an important — if produce movements such as the Zapa mented, much has still to be not the most important - ten tistas. In his Rogue States: The Ride of Force told. The history of anar dency. Capetillo, a feminist, in World Affairs Chomsky criticizes the chism in Portugal is the sub anarchist, labor organizer, world's superpowers for committing ject of Joao Freire's new book: and novelist, is often remem indefensible actions in the name of de Freedom Fighters: Anarchist Intel bered as the first woman to mocracy and human rights. The United lectuals, Workers, and Soldiers in wear pants in public in States and its allies are rebuked for vio Portugal's History (Black Rose Puerto Rico and many con lations of international law, violations Books, 200 pages, Septem sider her book, Mi opinion that make them the real "rogue states" in ber 2000). This book traces sobre las Ubertades, Derechos y the world today. He challenges the legal the Portuguese anarchist Deberes de la Mujer (trans: My and humanitarian arguments in favor of movement from the begin Opinion on the Liberties, Riches NATO's war in the Balkans, turns his ning of the twentieth century and Duties of the Woman) the attention toward U.S. involvement in the to the present, touching on first Puerto Rican feminist Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Central the Spanish Civil War, World work. Valle Ferrer's biogra America, and reveals the United States' War II, the Salazar dictatorship, phy will be a principal source increasingly open dismissal of die United Na and the "carnation revolution" in 1974. A for biographical data on this major po tions and international law (South End still broader picture of European radical litical figure. VOLUME 4, NO. 2 Page 5

JL oreign Language Resource 1836, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1H If anarchism has always been interna 7A1 or e-mail [email protected]. tional, there is no doubt that it has strong roots in Russia, especially in the life and work of the Russian Anarchist, resenting the Past Mikhail Bakunin. Researchers will no Anyone living near or passing through longer have to travel to archives around Ann Arbor will want to visit the exhibit the world to find his writings thanks to "Jo Labadie and His Gift to Michigan: A Amsterdam's Institute for Social His Legacy for the Masses," which will be tory. This September the Institute will on display from September 12th to No present Mikhail Bakunin's Oeuvres Com vember 22nd at die Labadie Collection at pletes, a searchable CD-ROM containing the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. all known texts written by Bakunin in This exhibition will examine the life of Russian and, whenever applicable, Luce Fabbri this Detroit anarchist and influential la French translation. Spanish readers will bor activist. be able to enjoy an expanded view of play Thunderation: Folk Play With Song and the anarchist tradition thanks to the re Dance (Bucknell University Press, Sep cent translation of Murray Bookchin's tember 2000). This is Miihsam's last uce Fabbri, 1908-2000 Ecology of Freedom: The Emergence and Dis play, written before he died at the hands Sadly it is necessary to note the death of solution of Hierarchy. This work is the of the Nazis in 1934. Luce Fabbri, a life-long anarchist diinkcr most comprehensive statement of an and activist (and daughter of the famed anti-authoritarian vision and politics Italian anarchist Luigi Fabbri). Luce died since Kropotkin's Mutual Aid (La A ctivist Resources of a heart attack on August 19th in Mon Ecologia de la Libertad: el Surgimiento y la Two new books will help activists de tevideo, Uruguay at the age of 92. Her Disolucidn de la Jerarquia, translation by velop a strategy for our times. Globalisa latest book was La Libertad entre la Histo Marcelo Gabriel Burcllo. Nossa y Jara tion from Below: The Power of Solidarity by ria y la Utopia: Tres Ensayosy Otros Textos and Colectivo Los Arenalejo, 1999, 509 Jeremy Brecher, Tim Costello, and del Siglo XX (trans: Freedom in History and pages). Brendan Smith (South End, October Utopia; Three Essays and Other Texts of the 2000, 128 pages) attempts to advance a 20th Century (REA, 1998, 145 pages). strategy for building die movement Her life will be documented in a forth M odernist Roots against globalization. A revised edition coming biography by Margareth Rago. Anarchism has provided a common of Brian Burch's Resources for Radicals, an She will be greatly missed by her friends framework for some of the most impor annotated bibliography of print re and comrades in Uruguay and around tant innovations in art and politics. In sources for those involved in move the world. Mosaic Modernism: Anarchism, Pragmatism, ments for social transformation, is now Culture, David Kadlec examines the an available. This book contains approxi archist and pragmatist origins of mod mately 800 entries and touches on issues Contacts and Addresses ernism as a literary/cultural phenome such as meeting facilitation, community Common Courage Press non. Treating a wide range of historical gardening, civil disobedience, union or sources and materials, many of them ganizing, among many other topics www.comrnoncouragepress.com previously unpublished, Kadlec argues (September, 2000, Toronto Action for Toronto Action for Social Change that German, French, and British anar Social Change). P.O. Box 73620, 509 St. Clair Ave. West chists spurred the formal experiments of Toronto, ON M6C 1C0 leading modernists, thus offering a dra (416) 651-5800; e-mail: [email protected] matically new account of modernism's w elcome Back political genesis and the mosaic, im- After a long hiatus, Kick it Owrmagazine Institute for Social History provisational tendencies of modern lit has begun publishing regularly again. http://www.iisg.nl/ erature (Johns Hopkins University Press, Individual subscriptions to this attrac Peter Lang Publishing October 2000, 312 pages). Erich Muh- tive, high quality "social anarchist anti- sam, an important anarchist thinker and authoritarian quarterly" are available for http://www.peterlang.com/ one of the leading artists in the tradition, $14.50 (in US funds). Institutional sub Seven Stories Press will become more familiar to English scriptions are $20. For more informa www.sevcnstories.com readers thanks to the translation of his tion write to Kick It Over, P.O. Box Pago 6 PERSPECTIVES ON ANARCHIST THEORY

Postructuralist Anarchism: Interview with Todd May

Continued from page I case that much of anarchism, both in I'm not sure how to answer. I don't see analysis and toward suggestions for intervention, practice and in theory, targets capitalism any reason in principle why it should be, one passes from philosophy to programmatics." and the state. My book is a suggestion although it may turn out to be. The Most political philosophies seem incapable of that we not look in those two places so question of whether political philosophy passing into programmatics and then back as to blind ourselves about the ubiquity is a process of constandy remaking our again. The tension between the world as it ex of power's operation. If capitalism and selves is tied to the question of what ists and what we envision is most often destroyed the state were the sole culprits, then kinds of nature human beings have and by consolidation of power by one idea or political eliminating them would by itself open us what kinds of environments they find party. Anarchism advocates a direct democracy up to a Utopian society. But we ought to themselves in. Since elsewhere in die or federalism to ensure that this doesn't happen be leery of such simple solutions. One book I deny that there is anything inter but is the life of a political philosophy capable of the lessons of the struggles against esting to say about human nature, it all surviving programmatics? racism, misogyny, prejudice against gays comes down to environment. But who Bear in mind that the anarchism I'm try and lesbians, etc. is that power and op knows how environments will change, ing to draw out of the tradition would pression are not reducible to a single site and what kinds of questions they will not see direct democracy as the answer or a single operation. We need to under raise for us? to all political problems (otherwise, anar stand power as it operates not only at chism would be another strategic politi the level of the state and capitalism, but cal philosophy). That said, your question in the practices through which we con For postructuralistboth creative and anarchism, destructive. Inpower contrast, is still remains, since one can wonder what duct our lives. anarchism natural Justification of its own exis happens to political philosophy when a tence • that humans are essentially good and it programmatics is carried out. Certainly, is the institutions of power that are bad there one thing would remain of the view I 7 n yourterms book, of the political articulation philosophy of "the discordance is cast in fore we need to get rid of them - characterises all tried to develop: the idea that we need between the world as it exists and the world as power as bad. How does the anarchist concept always to be investigating the power re it is envisioned." of power change with the addition of postruc- lationships that arise in various practices When the discor "political turalism? and to give them proper ethical evalua dance is no longer While [anarchists] have a two-part dis tion; that is to say, to ask whether they philosophy is present, that par- tinction: power (bad) vs. human nature are acceptable or not. On the view I'm motivated by a ticular political (good), I have a four-part one: power as defending, since we never know in ad discordance philosophy became creative/power as repressive and good/ vance how power works, we need al between how obsolete whether it bad. I do not take creative power as ways to keep investigating its operation, occurs because the necessarily good, nor repressive power in order to see where it's leading and people think the mHd has changed as necessarily bad. It all depends on what it's creating; and we need always to world should be and or because the goals what is being created or repressed. The ask the ethical question of whether we how they find it." have been realised. ethical evaluation is independent of find that acceptable. You give the exam which kind of power it is. That's why it's so important for there to be clarity ple of the commu yUy hose job is it to construct the program- nist revolution where, once the goals of the revo on one's ethical vision - a point which W matte? lution were reached, the political philosophy that too many poststructuralist thinkers ne As far as who is to construct the pro described such a change becomes obsolete and glect. But one does not solve the ethical gram, it is certainly not to be philoso therefore a new political philosophy was needed problem by positing a good human na phers. (Goodness gracious, banish the in order to advance. Is political philosophy a ture and then saying that it should be thought) This idea is, I hope, no longer process where we are constantly remaking our allowed to flourish. There is too much taken seriously, even by philosophers. view of the world and what we want? evidence against the idea of an essen The only response as to who IS to con The idea I'm trying to press eady in the tially good (or essentially bad) human struct the program, or at least have input book is that political philosophy is moti nature for that claim to be made. One into its construction, is that it is those vated by a discordance between how cannot rest one's ethical judgments on who are affected by the current situation people think the wodd should be and human nature, but instead must develop and the proposed changes. Now that how they find it. Why think about politi the socially given ethical networks may be another way of saying "the peo cal philosophy unless there is a problem within which our lives unfold. ple," but it does limit things somewhat. that needs to be addressed? And that For instance, I will have litde to say problem, for political philosophy, is that about how gays and lesbians should be the wodd is distant from how one thinks you statemost that part] we the "must idea of abandon a clear demarca [for the treated in society (e.g. should they be it should be. Whether political philoso tion to be made between political philosophy and admitted into the category of the mar phy is a constant process is something political programs...as one moves away from riageable or should they challenge mar- VOLUME 4, NO. 2 Page 7

riage itself?) That, it seems to me, is up create an oppressive power arrange to them. My role is to support them in Biography ment I think we mistake many support Todd May grew up in NYC and has been their choices. ers of the WTO if we describe them in more or less politically active since the terms of a conspiracy theory. My suspi 1960's. He continues to be inspired by the cion is that most of them sincerely be hope generated in the 1960's. Unlike many The anarchistterised as concept one which of power"conglomerates is charac at lieve they are doing good things, even others of his generation, May has not turned certain points and is reinforced by [power] along though they're not. How to explain this? to stock options and pension plans and certain lines' \ and therefore can be amenable to It seems to me that we need to look at instead strives for a better society by the idea of reform because certain reforms at the practices they're engaged in and the maintaining "the open and continuous certain points could result in revolution. Is there effects of those practices on others, and response to oppression wherever one finds a place for revolution in postructuralist anar to recognize that there are a whole series it" During the 1980's he became involved in chism? of deleterious effects that supporters of the divestment and anti-nuclear movements The term "revolution" strikes me as a the WTO have failed to recognize. That, and since then has worked on gay and les loaded one. Sometimes it seems to mean it seems to me, would be a poststruc bian rights, anti-racism and, especially, Pales that there is an overturning of the key turalist anarchist take on the WTO...As tinian rights. As an intellectual, May para an activist, I find myself in accordance point of power in a society. When used phrases Foucault to describe himself: "I in that way, the term "revolution" seems with the recent demonstrations intended write what I believe to be right, and let the to imply a strategic political philosophy, to eliminate the WTO and related op bureaucrats sort out my papers." He counts so I think it is better avoided. When pressive institutions and to abolish loan among his influences Abbie Hoffman, Nel things change enough as a result of po paybacks from Third Wodd countries. son Mandela, Martin Luther King, Saul Alin- litical intervention, then we have a revo Of course, there's a lot more, but phi sky, Rosa Parks, and Noam Chomsky. Todd lution. Thus, the distinction between losophy, while it interacts with the pro- May is an Associate Professor of Philosophy reform and revolution should not be the grarnmatic, does not, it seems to me, at Qemson University in South Carolina. tired one of have as a role the construction of the "we never know in »mere reform" programmatic Selected Works advance how power vs. "real revolu- Twentieth Century Continental Philosophy. Edited, works,weneed tion-" If should y\ s far as action is concerned, you offer with an introduction by Todd May. Upper , i n s t e a d b e a n JiJ-suggestions of how postructuralist anar Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997. always to keep ^ of how chism can be acted upon. These include: experi investigating its mucn and how mentation, situated freedom, valorisation of Between Genealogy and Epistemobgy : Psychology, subjugated discourses, and the intellectual as a Politics, and Knowledge in The Thought of Michel operation, in order deep of a change Foucault. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania to see where it's j? going on. In participant in theoretical practice rather than a State University Press, 1993. fact, I think the leader. Can you tell me how you and other po leading and what term is often litically active people can practice these guide The Moral Theory of Poststructuralism. University it's creating" lines? used as a banner, Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University a mark of one's It is difficult to practice much of any Press, 1995. radicalism, and an unconsidered way of politics in South Carolina. Just to point marking out one's distinction from liber in the general direction of how I live this Our Practices, Our Selves, or, What it Means To alism. As such, it hides the question, stuff, it concerns my attitude toward Be Human. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001. which we should be asking: what needs gays and lesbians (I was faculty advisor to be changed and how does it need to for the gay/lesbian group for six or The Political Philosophy of Poststructuralist Anar be changed? When we ask that more seven years); my teaching (I try to reject chism. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State concrete question (yes, a philosopher the idea of a given human nature in my University Press, 1994. suggesting that a certain jargon is hiding courses, I experiment with course ideas, I include neglected works, often with a our ability to see the concrete), then Reconsidering Difference: Nancy, Derrida, Levinas, we're on the right track. The question of political spin, in my syllabi, I often situ andDekuse. University Park, PA: Pennsylva is it revolution or just reform drops ate the problems we face in the context nia State University Press, 1997. away. I've developed in the book); and my par enting (trying to see the effects of power "Kant the Liberal, Kant the Anarchist: Rawls relative to my children's lives and atti and Lyotard on Kantian Justice." The Southern XT//? bat is the World Trade Organisp- Vv tion to poststructuralist anarchism? tudes, and offering alternatives to them) journal of Philosophy 28, no. 4 (1990): 525-38. ... If I were to approach the question The WTO seems to be one of those or "The Politics of Life in the Thought of Gilles ganizations where power conglomerates, from the standpoint, say, of someone Deleuze." SubStance 20, no. 3 (1991): 24-35. where a variety of practices collude to living in an urban area in the U.S. I PERSPECTIVES ON ANARCHIST THEORY Page 8

Reclaim the Streets: From Protest to Popular Power

Continued from page 1 needed for the burgeoning textile indus so — called representatives; nuanced and reasoned solutions replace lesser-of- try. Communal life was briskly thrust aside in favor of privatization, forcing two - (or diree) evils' thinking. The democratic process utilized during people into harsh factories and crowded cities. demonstrations decentralizes power even as it offers tangible solidarity; for Advanced capitalism, as it pushes past example, affinity groups afford greater the fetters of even nation-states in its and more diverse numbers of people a insatiable quest for growth, encloses life real share in decision making, while in a much more expansive yet generally spokescouncils allow for intricate coor invisible way: fences are replaced by Refuse & Resist! Youth Charge in Philly. July 30 dination — even on a global level. This is, consumer culture. We are raised in an at Unity 2000. Photo from Independent Media as 1960s' activists put it, the power to Center- Philadelphia almost totally commodified world where create rather than destroy. nothing comes for free, even futile at tempts to remove oneself from the mar the figurative concrete, thereby opening The beauty of this new movement, it ket economy. This commodification up ways to challenge capitalism, nation- could be said, is that it strives to take its seeps into not only what we eat, wear, or states, and other systems of domination. own ideals to heart. In doing so, it has do for fun but also into our language, perhaps unwittingly created the demand relationships, and even our very biology This is not to denigrate die direct action for such direcdy democratic practices on and minds. We have lost not only our movement in the United States and else a permanent basis. Yet the haunting communities and public spaces but con where; just the opposite. Besides a long question underlying episodic "street de trol over our own lives; we have lost the overdue and necessary critique of nu mocracy" remains unaddressed: How ability to define ourselves outside capi merous institutions of command and can everyone come together to make talism's grip, and obedience, the movement is quiedy yet decisions that affect society as a whole "We're not putting thus genuine crucially supplying the outlines of a freer in participatory, mutualistic, and ethical off the good meaning itself society. This prefigurative politics is, in ways? In other words, how can each begins to dis- fact, die very strength and vision of to and every one of us — not just a counter society until some solve day's direct action, where the means culture or this protest movement — distant future but themselves are understood to also be the really transform and ultimately control ... "Whose Streets? ends. We're not putting off the good our lives and that of our communities? a r e a t tr e m 3 pt O in ug r St o t r ~e e c t s , ! „ society until some distant future but are carve out room for then, is a legiti- attempting to carve out room for it in This is, in essence, a question of it in the here and mate emotion

ment remains trapped. On the one hand, other, but there is a fair amount of ho decision-making processes begin to it reveals and confronts domination and mogeneity precisely because we've con make more sense. exploitation. The political pressure ex sciously chosen to come togedier for a erted by such widespread agitation may specific reason—most often having litde Then, too, there is the question of scale. even be able to influence current power to do with mere geography. This sense It is hard to imagine being friends with structures to amend some of the worst hundreds, or even thousands, of people, excesses of their ways; the powers that nor maintaining a single-issue identity be have to listen, and respond to some with that many individuals; but we can extent, when the voices become too share a feeling of community and a numerous and too loud. Nevertheless, striving toward some common good most people are still shut out of the that allows each of us to flourish. In decision-making process itself, and con turn, when greater numbers of people sequendy, have lifde tangible power come togedier on a face-to-face basis to over their lives at all. Without this ability reshape their neighborhoods and towns, to self-govern, street actions translate the issues as well as the viewpoints will into nothing more than a countercultural multiply, and alliances will no doubt version of interest group lobbying, al change depending on the specific topic beit far more radical than most and gen under discussion. Thus the need for a erally unpaid. place where we can meet as human be Protestors surrounded by police in Philadelphia, August 2000 ings at the most face-to-face level — that What the movement forgets is the Photo from Independent Media Center— Philadelphia is, an assembly of active citizens — to promise implicit in its own structure: share our many identities and interests that power not only needs to be con of a shared identity allows for the in hopes of balancing both the individ tested; it must smooth functioning of a consensus de ual and community in all we do. 'What the also be consti- cision- making process, since we start movement forgets tuted anew in from a place of commonality. In an af As well, trust and accountability func tion differendy at the affinity group ver is the promise l^eratory and finity group, almost by definition, our egalitarian unity needs to take precedence over our sus civic level. We generally reveal more implicit in its own forms ^ en_ diversity, or our supposed affinity breaks of ourselves to friends; and such un structure: that tails taking die down altogether. written bonds of love and affection hold us more closely together, or at least give power not only movement's di- r e e d y d e m o - Compare this to what could be die most us added impetus to work tilings out. needs to be cratic process fundamental level of decision making in Underlying this is a higher-than-average contested; it must seriously--not a society: a neighborhood or town. degree of trust, which serves to make us accountable to each other. also be constituted sim?lY as a tactic Now, geography plays a much larger role. Out of historic, economic, cultural, a n e wn t t e o s t o s r g b a u n t i z a e s p t r h o e - religious, and other reasons, we may On a community-wide level, the reverse very way we or find ourselves living side by side with a is more often true: accountability allows us to trust each other. Hopefully, we ganize society, specifically the political wide range of individuals and their vari realm. The issue then becomes: How ous identities. Most of these people are share bonds of solidarity and respect; do we begin to shift the strategy, struc not our friends per se. Still, the very yet since we can't know each other well, ture, and values of our movement to diversity we encounter is the life of a such bonds only make sense if we first the most grassroots level of public pol vibrant city itself. The accidents and/or determine them together, and then rec icy making? numerous personal decisions that have ord them, write them down, for all to brought us together often create a fair refer back to in the future, and even re The most fundamental level of decision amount of heterogeneity precisely be visit if need be. Accountable, demo cratic structures of our own making, in making in a demonstration is the affin cause we haven't all chosen to come ity group. Here, we come together as together for a specific reason. In this short, provide the foundation for trust, friends or because of a common iden context, where we start from a place of since the power to decide is both trans tity, or a combination of the two. We difference, decision-making mechanisms parent and ever amenable to scrutiny. share something in particular, indeed, need to be much more capable of al this common identity is often reflected lowing for dissent; that is, diversity There are also issues of time and space. in the name we choose for our groups. needs to be clearly retained within any Affinity groups, in the scheme of We may not always agree with each notions of unity. As such, majoritarian Continued on page 10 PERSPECTIVES ON ANARCHIST THEORY Pago 10

Reclaim the Cities: From Protest to Popular Power

Continued from page 9 things, are generally temporary configu spokescouncil model used during direct to retain diversity are preferable to sim rations — they may last a few months, or actions hints at such an alternative view ple consensus-seeking models; written a few years, but often not much longer. of globalization. During a spokescouncil compacts articulating rights and duties Once the particular reasons why we've meeting, mandated delegates from our are crucial to fill out the unspoken cul come together have less of an immediate affinity groups gather for the purpose of ture of protests; and institutionalized imperative, or as our friendships falter, coordination, the sharing of resources/ spaces for policy making are key to such groups often fall by the wayside. skills, the building of solidarity, and so guaranteeing that our freedom to make And even during a group's life forth, always returning to the decisions doesn't disappear with a line of span, in the interim between "It is time to push grassroots level as the ultimate riot police. direct actions, there is fre- arbiter. If-popular assemblies beyond the quendy no fixed place or face- were our basic unit of decision It is time to push beyond the opposi to-face decision making, nor oppositional making, confederations of tional character of our movement by any regularity, nor much of a character of our communities could serve as a infusing it with a reconstructive vision. record of who decided what That means beginning, right now, to movement by way to both transcend paro and how. Moreover, affinity chialism and create interde translate our movement structure into groups are not open to - every infusing it with a pendence where desirable. For institutions that embody the good soci one but only those who share a reconstructive instance, rather than global ety; in short, cultivating direct democ particular identity or attach capitalism and international racy in the places we call home. This ment. As such, although an vision. regulatory bodies, where trade will involve the harder work of reinvig- affinity group can certainly is top-down and profit- orating or initiating civic gatherings, choose to shut down a street, there is oriented, confederations could coordi town meetings, neighborhood assem ultimately something slightly authoritar nate distribution between regions in blies, citizen mediation boards, any and ian in small groups taking matters into ecological and humane ways, while al all forums where we can come together their own hands, no matter what their lowing policy in regard to production, to decide our lives, even if only in ex political persuasion. say, to remain at the grassroots. tralegal institutions at first Then, too, it will mean reclaiming globalization, not Deciding what to do with streets in gen This more expansive understanding of a as a new phase of capitalism but as its eral - say, how to organize transporta prefigurative politics would necessarily replacement by confederated, direcdy tion, encourage street life, provide green involve creating institutions that could democratic communities coordinated space, and so on - should be a matter potentially replace capitalism and na for mutual benefit open to everyone interested if it is to be tion-states. Such direcdy democratic truly participatory and nonhierarchical. institutions are compatible with, and It is time to move from protest to poli This implies ongoing and open institu could certainly grow out of, the ones we tics, from shutting down streets to tions of direct democracy, for every use during demonstrations, but they opening up public space, from demand thing from decision making to conflict very likely won't be mirror images once ing scraps from those few in power to resolution. We need to be able to know we reach the level of society. This does holding power firmly in all our hands. when and where citizen assemblies are not mean abandoning the principles and Ultimately, this means moving beyond meeting; we need to meet regularly and ideals undergirding the movement (such the question of "Whose Streets?" We make use of nonarbitrary procedures; as freedom, cooperation, decentralism, should ask instead "Whose Cities?" we need to keep track of what decisions solidarity, diversity, face-to-face partici Then and only then will we be able to have been made. But more important, if pation, and the like); it merely means remake them as our own. we so choose, we all need to have ac recognizing the limits of direct democ cess to the power to discuss, deliberate, racy as it is practiced in the context of a ~ by Cindy Milstein and make decisions about matters that demonstration. affect our communities and beyond. Any vision of a free society, if it is to be Indeed, many decisions have a much truly democratic, must of course be wider impact than on just one city; worked out by all of us - first in this Cindy Milstein is a faculty member at the Insti transforming streets, for example, would movement, and later, in our communi tute for Social Ecology (see http:ffwww.tao. probably entail coordination on a re ties and confederations. Even so, we will ca/~*ise/ for more on the ISE as well as a gional, continental, or even global level probably discover that newly defined companion essay to this one by Ms. Milstein, Radicals have long understood such understandings of citizenship are needed "Democracy is Direct") and a board member mutualistic self-reliance as a "commune in place of affinity groups; majoritarian for the Institute for Anarchist Studies. Cindy of communes," or confederation. The methods of decision making that strive can be reached at [email protected]. VOLUME 4, NO. 2 Page 11

The IAS' 2000 Fundraising Campaign

The IAS needs your support: we must development of anti-authoritarian social • The IAS will award SI000 to the raise $20,000 by January 2001 to con criticism: best essay on anarchist perspectives tinue awarding grants to radical writers on the new social movement. Re • The IAS will award $8000 in grants and publishing Perspectives. cent and on-going political activity to writers struggling with some of around the world has excited many the most pressing questions in radi This year is special because we are giv people and opened up many issues. cal social dieory today. IAS grants ing out $2000 more in grant awards, Help us to support new thought on sponsoring a writing contest and provid help radical authors take time off how contemporary political activity ing a monthly stipend for the general work, hire childcare, purchase re affects our understanding of anar director. In order to do so, we are dou search materials, pay for travel ex chism and how anarchism can con bling our fundraising goal. We are not penses and other things necessary tribute to this movement. to produce serious, thoughtful putting money into our endowment this works of social criticism. year because we feel it is more impor As an IAS donor you will receive each tant, at this time, to increase our grant • The IAS will publish Perspectives on issue of Perspectives on Anarchist Theory. awards instead. Donations are tax-deductible for US Anarchist Theory, our biannual news citizens. Thanks to the generous support of IAS letter. Perspectives is a unique source of interviews, publishing news, and donors, we have already raised $14,000. Please make checks payable to the Please help us raise an additional $6,000 commentary pertaining to anar Institute for Anarchist Studies chism. It helps keep people in by sending a donation to the IAS today. and mail diem to: formed about anarchist scholarship P.O. Box 1664 Your contribution will help the IAS and encourages dialogue among Peter Stuyvesant Station those interested in this work. meet its 2000 fundraising goal and thus New York, NT make the following contributions to the 10009 - USA

2000 Campaign Donors

The following groups and Dan Chodorkoff Alison J aggar Dana Ward individuals have made a do Rebecca DeWitt Jura Books John Petrovato nation to the IAS' 2000 fund- Maura Dillon Jerry Kaplan Eugene Rodriguez Ron Sakolsky raising campaign. Miranda Edison Jennifer Kinkele Anonymous I & II Howard Ehrlich David Koven Jon Thoreau Scott Rose Sterling Jon Bekken Salvatore Engel-Dimauro Andrew Lee David Berberick Deborah Engel-Dimauro Michelle Matisons Patti Stanko Peter Stone Espiritu Beothuk Richard Evanoff Bob Melcombe Manuel Callahan Paul Glavin Cindy Milstein Pavlos Stauvropoulos Eric Chester Brian Goldberg Chuck Morse Dimitri Troaditz

Donate to the IAS and get Great Books

This year Raven Used Books is offering Raven Used Books specializes in used open every day. Call them at (413) 253- forty new tides to IAS donors in addi and discount books in philosophy, his 9780 or write them at, 71 North Pleas tion to carrying over six titles from last tory, cultural studies, labor history, and ant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts year. Three new books have also been women's studies. They carry over 17,000 01002. added to this year's list: Since Predator books, including more dian 275 Please note that we cannot sell Came: Notes From The Struggle For Ameri titles on anarchism (many of which any of the books being offered can Indian Liberation by Ward Churchill; are out of print and hard to find). by Raven Used Books. If you From State to Community: Rethinking South want to order a book, please Korean Modernisation by Seung-joon Ann; Raven Used Books is located at 71 contact Raven direcdy. Our and One Sise Does Not Fit All by Beverly North Pleasant Street, Amherst, books are available to IAS do Naidus. Massachusetts 01002. They are nors only. Interview continued from page 7 would point to the necessity of under Second, there is something about sharing we do. I have tried to stay away from standing and participating in struggles the same space and time in conversation jargon as much as possible, and I hope against racism, sexism, the WTO, etc., that is denied by the internet, something that my anarchism book, although diffi and in doing so to see the interactions without which interchange remains too cult, is at least not laden with jargon. But among those struggles and the oppres anonymous in character. I don't think what you're pointing to is a problem for sions those struggles seek to overturn, the internet is useless; but it's ability to all academics, and only serves to margi without trying to reduce them all to a substitute for what we have lost is more nalize us further. simple formula. limited than some folks think. Given isthat a matter "knowledge, of struggle like and other domination" subjects, Many anarchistscreate a public feel intellectual it is imperative culture and to Can youpoststructuralist respond to theory critics (postmodernism who charge that in and recent publish or perish f cost-analysis ten that, increasingly, the university is not a place general) is an example of a highly specialised, dencies of universities, how does postructuralism that encourages intellectual freedom, not to men abstract and obscure language that is alienating escape beingjust another commodity? tion political thought. What is your experience? to most people and doesn't encourage thought Much of poststructuralist discourse is, of I agree that the university is a question outside of a graduate department? course, just like other academic dis able source of intellectual culture...I Guilty as charged. But that doesn't apply course in that it replicates the current believe that the reality of an intellectual only to poststructuralists and postmod academic system of ideas in the cost- culture is difficult to achieve now, be ernists. It is a general problem across the benefit consumerist model currendy cause with the "mall-ization" of the U.S humanities and across academics gener dominating academia. I think that the whole idea of public space is being ally. We talk to one another rather than change comes not only through the ideas marginalized. Some say that the internet to those outside our immediate circle. themselves but, especially in academics, is a new place for a public culture, but I There are a number of reasons for this: who's spouting them. The real question, have my doubts. First, the sheer size of pressure to publish, the history of anti- it seems to me, is whether people are the internet makes the intimacy of an intellectualism in the U.S., etc. But we living these ideas out or whether they are intellectual culture difficult to achieve. also contribute by adopting the jargon just holding them as ideas. —

IAS PO Box 1664 Peter Stuyvesant Station New York, NY 10009 - USA The IAS's 2000 Fundraising Campaign: Great Books for IAS Donors - New Titles for 2000 Raven Used Books - one of the best booksellers around - has generously made the following books available to contributors to the IAS's 2000 fundraising campaign. Please help us meet our $20,000 fundraising goal so we can continue awarding grants to radical writers, publishing Perspectives on Anarchist Theory, and building our endowment for future generations of dissenting, Utopian authors. • For a S25 donation to the IAS, we will mail you any one of the following books. • For a S50 donation, we will send you any three. • For a SI 00 donation, you get seven of these great books. • For a S500 donation, you get all of them! Please make checks payable to the Institute for Anarchist Studies and mail them to: Institute for Anarchist Studies P.O. Box 1664 Peter Stuyvesant Station New York, New York 10009 - USA

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