Historický Vývoj Interpretace Postavy Rusalka A. Dvořáka Diplomová Práce

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Historický Vývoj Interpretace Postavy Rusalka A. Dvořáka Diplomová Práce JANÁČKOVA AKADEMIE MÚZICKÝCH UMĚNÍ V BRNĚ Hudební fakulta Katedra zpěvu Zpěv Historický vývoj interpretace postavy Rusalka A. Dvořáka Diplomová práce Magisterská práce Autor práce: BcA. Ivana Pavlů, DiS. Vedoucí práce: doc. Mgr. MgA. Monika Holá Ph.D. Oponent práce: PhDr. Alena Borková Brno 2018 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že předložená práce je mým autorským dílem a že jsem práci zpracovala samostatně. Všechny použité prameny a literaturu cituji a uvádím v kapitole věnované informačním zdrojům. Současně dávám svolení k tomu, aby tato diplomová práce byla umístěna v Knihovně JAMU a používána ke studijním účelům. V Brně dne 10. května 2018 BcA. Ivana Pavlů, DiS. 2 Poděkování Touto formou bych ráda poděkovala doc. Mgr. MgA. Monice Holé Ph.D. za cenné rady, připomínky a trpělivost během konzultací mé diplomové práce. Také bych chtěla poděkovat doc. MgA. Zdeňku Šmukařovi za pěvecké vedení v průběhu mých studií na Hudební fakultě Janáčkovy akademie múzických umění. 3 Bibliografický záznam PAVLŮ, Ivana. Historický vývoj interpretace postavy Rusalka A. Dvořáka [The Historical Development of the Interpretation of the Character of Rusalka by A. Dvořák]. Brno. Janáčkova akademie múzických umění v Brně, Hudební fakulta, Katedra zpěvu, 2018. 83 s. Vedoucí práce: doc. MgA. Mgr. Monika Holá, Ph.D. Anotace Diplomová práce Historický vývoj interpretace postavy Rusalka A. Dvořáka pojednává o životě a díle Antonína Dvořáka se zaměřením na operu Rusalka. V práci se také zabývám životem a prací libretisty, Jaroslava Kvapila, a okolnostmi vzniku literární předlohy opery. Hlavní část práce je věnována rozboru interpretací několika představitelek Rusalky od období vzniku opery po současnost. Na základě této analýzy porovnávám interpretační přístupy jednotlivých zpěvaček a následně vytvářím přehled historického vývoje této role. Annotation This thesis The Historical Development of the Interpretation of the Character of Rusalka by A. Dvořák deals with life and work of Antonín Dvořák with a focus on opera Rusalka. This thesis also describes life and work of Jaroslav Kvapil, a librettist, and furthermore focuses on circusmtances of bringing forth the literary version based on the opera. The major objective of this thesis is to deal with the analysis of the interpretation of several Rusalka performers from the origin of the opera up to the present. On the basis of this analysis, the interpretation approaches of each of the Rusalka singers are compared, and subsequently, the overview of the historical development of this role is created. Klíčová slova Dvořák, Kvapil, Rusalka, divadlo, opera, interpretace, romantismus, Maturová, Červinková, Šubrtová, Beňačková, Romanová, Stratas, Fleming, Opolais 4 Keywords Dvořák, Kvapil, Rusalka, Theatre, Opera, interpretation, Romanticism, Maturová, Červinková, Šubrtová, Beňačková, Romanová, Stratas, Fleming, Opolais 5 Obsah Předmluva ........................................................................................................................... 8 Úvod ................................................................................................................................... 9 1. Antonín Dvořák (8. 9. 1841 – 1. 5. 1904) ....................................................................10 2. Jaroslav Kvapil (25. 9. 1868 - 10. 1. 1950) .................................................................12 3. Rusalka ......................................................................................................................13 3.1. Okolnosti vzniku díla ..........................................................................................13 3.2. Obsah opery........................................................................................................13 4. Interpretky Dvořákovy Rusalky ..................................................................................15 4.1. Růžena Maturová ................................................................................................15 4.1.1. O životě ......................................................................................................15 4.1.2. Rusalka Růženy Maturové...........................................................................17 4.2. Ludmila Červinková ...........................................................................................19 4.2.1. O životě ......................................................................................................19 4.2.2. Rusalka Ludmily Červinkové ......................................................................20 4.3. Milada Šubrtová .................................................................................................23 4.3.1. O životě ......................................................................................................23 4.3.2. Rusalka Milady Šubrtové ............................................................................24 4.4. Natalia Romanová-Achaladze .............................................................................29 4.4.1. O životě ......................................................................................................29 4.4.2. Rusalka Natalie Romanové-Achaladze ........................................................30 4.5. Gabriela Beňačková – Čápová ............................................................................34 4.5.1. O životě ......................................................................................................34 4.5.2. Rusalka Gabriely Beňačkové .......................................................................35 4.6. Teresa Stratas .....................................................................................................41 4.6.1. O životě ......................................................................................................41 4.6.2. Rusalka Teresy Stratas ................................................................................42 4.7. Renée Fleming ....................................................................................................47 4.7.1. O životě ......................................................................................................47 4.7.2. Rusalka Renée Fleming ...............................................................................48 4.8. Kristīne Opolais ..................................................................................................54 4.8.1. O životě ......................................................................................................54 4.8.2. Rusalka Kristīne Opolais .............................................................................55 5. Historický přehled interpretačních přístupů k postavě Rusalka ................................61 5.1. Rusalka v českém prostředí .............................................................................61 5.2. Rusalka v zahraničí .........................................................................................63 6 5.3. Interpretační výrazové prostředky ...................................................................65 Závěr .................................................................................................................................67 Seznam příloh ....................................................................................................................68 Obrázková příloha ..............................................................................................................70 Použité informační zdroje...................................................................................................79 Informační zdroje textu ..................................................................................................79 Informační zdroje obrázků v textu ..................................................................................82 7 Předmluva Když jsem přemýšlela o tématu své diplomové práce, dotkly jsme se během konzultace s mojí nynější vedoucí práce, doc. Mgr. MgA. Monikou Holou Ph. D., tematiky Rusalky Antonína Dvořáka a její interpretace a tematický směr mé práce se pak začal pomalu krystalizovat. Rusalku jsem si vybrala mimo jiné proto, že ji považuji za klenot české hudby a protože je mi hudební styl Antonína Dvořáka velmi blízký. Vzhledem k tomu, že všechny árie Rusalky mám začleněny ve svém repertoáru, bylo nasnadě se o tuto tematiku zajímat podrobněji a ucelit si názor na celé hudební dílo a roli jako takovou. Rusalka je spolu s operami Leoše Janáčka jednou z nejhranějších českých oper. Moje práce by tedy měla být jakýmsi přehledem vývoje interpretace hlavní představitelky díla. 8 Úvod Cílem mé diplomové práce je konkrétní přehledný vhled to problematiky vývoje interpretace postavy Rusalka ze stejnojmenné opery Antonína Dvořáka. Základním prvkem práce bude analýza pěvecké interpretace několika vybraných představitelek této role, která by měla vystihovat požadavky a hudební vkus doby jejich uměleckého působení. Zamýšlím vybrat interpretky z území Česka i ze zahraničí. K rozboru problematiky své práce chci využít zvukové či audiovizuální záznamy, notový materiál – partituru a dostupnou knižní literaturu a internetové zdroje. Během analýzy bych pak chtěla dospět k ucelenému závěru a vyhodnocení vývoje interpretace této role, přičemž bych chtěla lépe vniknout do hudebního myšlení Antonína Dvořáka a najít svému srdci nejbližší způsob ztvárnění role Rusalky, kterou mám v plánu si v budoucnu nastudovat celou. 9 1. Antonín Dvořák (8. 9. 1841 – 1. 5. 1904) Českého hudebního skladatele Antonína Dvořáka řadíme mezi největší
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