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[ MICROFILMED 1 9 9 ( F ] INFORMATION to USERS [ MICROFILMED 1 9 9 ( f ] INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies arc in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction Is dependent upon the quality of the copy snbmltted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6N x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Com pany 300 North Z eeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 0023630 Primary productivity, sedimentation, and phosphorus cycling in a Lake Erie coastal wetland Reeder, Brian Charles, Ph.D. The Ohio State Univenity, 1090 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Aibor, MI 48106 PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY, SEDIMENTATION, AND PHOSPHORUS CYCLING IN A LAKE ERIE COASTAL WETLAND DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University by Brian Charles Reeder, B.S., M.A., M.S. a **** The Ohio State University 1990 Dissertation Committee: Approved by W.J, Mitsch C.E. Herdendorf D.L. Johnson T.J. Logan Environmental/Biology Program ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i I would like to express my sinccrest thanks to the following people for their help and encouragement: Siobhan Fennessy and Julie Cronk for assistance in the field, lab, and office; Kim Baker fo r editorial assistance; Drs. Paul Colinvaux, Wendy Eisner, and Mark Bush for field and lal moratory aid with the pollen coring and analysis; Dr. C.E. Herdendorf for field assistance and geologic expertise; Dr. Terry Logan for advice on methodology and the fate and transport of phosphorus; the staff of Old Woman Creek, especially Dave Klarer and Gene Wright, for assistance and coordination of site activities; and finally. Dr. I William J. Mitsch, who taught me how to do research, and has assisted invaluably with every stage of this dissertation from conception to completion. VITA March 31, 1962 .................................................... Bom-Youngstown, Ohio 1983 ..................................................................... B.S., Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio 1985 ..................................................................... M.A. Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 1985,1986...... ......................................................... Naturalist, Columbus Metro Parks, Columbus, Ohio 1987-1989 ..... .............................. .......................... Teaching/Research Associate, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1988 ......................................................................... M.S., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1989-Present ....................................................... Assistant Professor of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Morchead State University, Morehead, Kentucky PUBLICATIONS Mitsch, W.J., B.C. Reeder, and D.A. Klarer. 1989 The role of wetlands in the control of nutrients with a case study of western Lake Erie. pp. 129-157 In: Mitsch, W.J. and S.E. Jorgensen (cds.) Ecological Engineering: an Introduction to Ecotechnology. J. Wiley, New York. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Environmental Biology Studies in Wetland Ecology and Systems Ecology iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................................................................... ii VITA.......................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................ vi LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................... vii CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................... 1 1.1 Nonpoint pollution and Great Lakes Coastal wetlands .................... 1 1.2 Goals and objectives ..................................................................... 2 II. LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................ 4 2.1 Wetlands as sources sinks and transformers of phosphorus ............. 4 2.2 Phosphorus cycling in Great Lakes coastal wetlands ...................... 8 2.3 Environmental history of the western Lake Erie region ...... 9 2.4 Paleochemistry................................................................................... 11 2.5 Modelling phosphorus cycling and productivity in wetlands ............ 12 III. METHODS................................................................................. 15 3.1 Site description ............................................................................... 15 3.2 Water chemistry.............................................................................. 18 3.3 Planktonic productivity based on diurnal metabolism ..................... 22 3.4 Macrophyte productivity ............................................. 25 3.5 Plant nutrient analysis ........................... 26 3.6 Solar insolation .............................................................................. 26 3.7 Hydrology .......................................................................................... 27 3.8 Sediment core....... ........................................................................ 28 3.8.1 Chemistry..................................................................................... 29 3.8.2 Pollen ............................................................................................ 31 3.8.3 Dating .......................................................................................... 32 3.9 M odelling ........................................................................................... 33 IV. RESULTS..................................................................................................... 36 4.1 Hydrology .......................................................................................... 36 4.2 General water chemistry............................................................... 39 4.2.1 pH .................................................................................................. 41 4.2.2 Total suspended solids and turbidity ....................................... 41 4.2.3 Conductivity ................................................................................ 44 4.2.4 Phosphorus chemistry............................................................... 45 4.3 Comparison to near shore water ................................................ 47 4.4 Primary productivity ............................ ........................................ 47 4.4.1 Water column productivity ..................................................... 47 4.4.2 Chlorophyll.................................................................................. 51 4.4.3 Macrophyte biomass ........................................................ 52 4.5 Core stratigraphy. ........................................................................... 54 4.6 Ecosystem modelling .................................................................... 63 4.6.1 Hydrology submodel ............................................................... 65 4.6.2 Primary productivity submodel .............................................. 71 4.6.3 Phosphorus model.................................................................... 74 4.6.4 Other simulations ..................................................................... 76 4.6.4.1 1988 inflow; high Lake Erie levels .................................. 80 4.6.4.2 Normal inflow; 1988 lake Erie levels ............................... 83 4.6.4.3 Normal inflow; high Lake Erie levels ............................... 86 4.6.4.4 High inflow; 1988 Lake Erie levels .................................. 86 4.6.4.5 High inflow; high Lake Erie levels................................... 89 V. DISCUSSION.............................................................................................. 95 5.1 Primary productivity ...................................................................... 95 5.2 Limiting factors to primary productivity ....................................... 98 5.3 Role of primary producers in phosphorus cycling ......................... 102 5.4 Role of recent sedimentation in phosphorus cycling ........................ 103 5.5 Geologic history of Old Woman Creek..... ................................... 105 5.6 Hydrology and phosphorus cycling
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