How to Produce Video Standard Operating Procedures
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baywork baywork HOW TO PRODUCE VIDEO STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES MAY 2012 baywork Contents Introduction.............................................................................. 2 How to use this guide.............................................................................. 3 Phase 1: Pre-Production........................................................ 4 Step 1: Pre-production Meeting............................................................... 4 Step 2: Create an Audio/Video (A/V) Script (or Storyboard)...................... 5 Step 3: Determine the Logistics of the Shoot............................................ 7 Step 4: Perform Site Surveys.................................................................. 8 Step 5: Create a Shot Selection Sheet (or Shot List)................................. 9 Phase 2: Acquisition............................................................ 10 Lighting................................................................................................... 10 Shooting In Mixed Lighting...................................................................... 13 Neutral Density........................................................................................ 14 Audio.......................................................................................................... 15 Audio Equipment..................................................................................... 15 Setting the Audio Levels.......................................................................... 16 The Camera................................................................................................ 17 Which Camera should be Purchased?..................................................... 17 White Balancing...................................................................................... 19 Setting the Iris and Turning on Zebras...................................................... 20 Shooting..................................................................................................... 22 Close-ups............................................................................................... 24 Phase 3: Post-Production...................................................... 25 Editing........................................................................................................ 25 Step 1. The Edit Decision List.................................................................. 25 Step 2. Logging, Log & Capture, Log and Transfer.................................... 26 Step 3. The Rough Cut............................................................................ 26 Step 4. Assembly.................................................................................... 26 baywork.org Delivery = Compression............................................................................. 27 With the support of Gey-Newkirk Productions (GNP), Laney College, Knowledge Capture Services Inc., Other considerations when developing video SOPs...................................... 28 the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, Zone 7 Water Agency, the City of San Jose, and Union Sanitary District How To Produce Video Standard Operating Procedures 293 30 4 6. Voiceover or Field Sound? – Video based SOPs can be produced with or without scripted voiceovers, Baywork Introduction each of which have advantages and disadvantages. A voiceover gives the product a more professional feel with studio recorded sound. A voiceover will require an additional eff ort to record the audio in a studio and Baywork, a collaborative of water and wastewater agencies working together to ensure workforce reliability, then edit it together with the footage recorded in the fi eld. Not using a voiceover and recording sound in the relies on four major strategies: fi eld will have the added advantage of the user hearing equipment sounds as they happen, thereby making the SOP or training tool more realistic. 1. Develop qualifi ed candidates for mission critical jobs 2. Provide staff with the information they need to do quality work 7. Turn off Phones and Radios – Participants should be reminded to turn off all phones and/or radios 3. Modify work processes to optimize use of available staff during the shoot, as this is oft en an unexpected interruption or can cause electrical interference. 4. Maximize eff ectiveness of workforce reliability investments through collaboration In all of these areas, BAYWORK has looked for ways to become more eff ective through increased use of technology. Because of the importance of documentation, technical training, and knowledge management, one of BAYWORK’s objectives has been to help staff in water and wastewater utilities learn to use video technology to create video Standard Operating Procedures. Th is fi eld guide, with the accompanying DVD, will help you and your colleagues optimize your use of video technology, whether your plan is to “do it yourself” with in-house staff or work with professionals with specialized experience and skills. In either case, you will profi t by understanding the factors that lead to development of eff ective video training materials. Aft er reviewing the DVD and this guide, you will be familiar with the three phases of production in the table below. Th e pre-production planning phase will be key to your success, and you should expect to spend about twice as much time in post-production as you do acquiring footage. PhasesPhases ttoo createcreate a vidvideoeo SOP ApproximateApproximate proportion of timetime 1. Pre-Production - planninplanningg 2525%% 22.. Acquisition - shootinshootingg 2525%% 3. Post-Production - editineditingg and deliverideliveringng 5050%% How To Produce Video Standard Operating Procedures 1 2 How to use this guide Other considerations when developing video SOPs Th is fi eld guide should be used as a companion to the DVD. Th e following are examples of 1. Subject Matter Experts (SME) – Th e content of the SOP will only be as good as the information helpful callouts that can be seen throughout the guide. provided by knowledgeable staff . It is essential to identify a core team of the right SMEs to work with at the start of the project. SMEs may be featured in the video itself and/or behind the scenes. It is important for them to be engaged throughout and have an opportunity to review the A/V script/storyboard, shot list and A. fi nal product. 2. Video and Text – Consideration should be given to the right balance of text/audio to images/photos/ Call out boxes like these footage. For example, for a Video SOP intended to capture the correct way to perform maintenance on a provide more information piece of equipment, 90% video footage of a person doing the task with 10% supporting text (in a traditional about a screen shot written SOP and reference to an O&M manual) may be the most eff ective. It is worth considering whether or graphic. there is a more appropriate balance for this maintenance task, such as 50% video footage and 50% text. It is important to remember that depending on the operator’s access to computer and video technology, he/she may still rely on hard- copy written documentation in the fi eld. 3. SOP and Training Tools – It is helpful to consider how the video SOP integrates with other existing resources such as traditional paper-based SOPs, electronic SOPs, O&M manuals and training materials. B. If the SOP can be developed as part of a wider strategy, it will be a much more eff ective tool for both operations and training purposes. Th e SOP needs to be fi t for purpose. Boxes like these provide more information about 4. Scripts versus Outlines? – One question that arises when shooting a video is whether to script or simply a certain topic. outline what is said on the video. When someone other than an SME is being videoed, then scripting is oft en helpful. However, remember that the danger of scripting is that listeners have a keen sense if something is being read or said. So if scripting is used, be sure the person speaking is familiar with, and has rehearsed, what is going to be said, so that the video appears more fl uid and natural. In the case of an SME, reading a script is oft en not the best method of video capture. Th e spontaneity, passion, and depth C. of knowledge of an SME can be a signifi cant benefi t to the quality of the fi nal product. It is important to determine prior to the shooting (via an outline), what topics will be covered and in what order. And if the Important! SME will be pointing out some feature in the fi eld, be sure the videographer knows precisely where that feature is prior to shooting. It may take one or two takes in the fi eld using this process, but the end product Boxes like these help draw attention to oft en feels more authentic, more connected to the information being portrayed. important information. 5. Shot List by Location or Following the Operating Process? – Th is fi eld guide and DVD suggest that if there are multiple venues to be featured in a video that all shots at one venue be captured at one time. Th is is for effi ciency of shooting and makes sense in many situations. However, if the video is of an operational process, such as at a treatment plant, following the actual sequence of the process can yield diff erent and sometimes better results. This may be particularly eff ective when the video is not completely scripted and the SME in front of the camera has more fl exibility in their words and actions. Th is can be an eff ective knowledge capture process. Th is sequential approach