,,'- \ imoimauiil . G~267M I" - THE

CURRENCIES OF THE HINDU

STATES OF RAJPUTANA

WI LLIAM WI LFRI D WE B B M.B

StnlGEON CAPTAIN' INDIAN MEDICAL SERVICE • BENGAL ARMY

Illuslral(li 6y a Map and 6y Twelve Plates of Coins after draw.:nKs made 6y lite author from specimens in Itis colltction

lmJestminster ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE. AND CO PUBLISHERS TO THE OFFICE 14 PARLIAMENT STREET SW

1893

~. i'.. ~1 Y:,~::·,~t';.'}I' l~lEn & CG •• l _ ·:-~:~LL. ... ~S, r':ADhAS. HERTFORD palNTBD BY STaPHBII AUSTIJII "'lID SQM!J

'j6"j 2 : 2. .U .. lr73 C3 ~32rQ7 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGB. Preface vi Inde:o; xvii :Hew&!-' Currencies 1 PartaDgarh 21 D.mg&rpor 27 :Banswara 31 35 1likaner 53 65 1aipor 69 1l.mdi 83 Kotah 89 .TMlBwar ." 95 1aisalmer 101 107 Karanli 117 1lhartpur 123 131

LIST OF ILLUSTR.ATIONS.

8ymboll UII..l on t"'·P14tu. N=gold. .At = Bilver. ..IE = copper.

P ..... n I. Mewar - . laci"!!pag. 3 P ..... n n. lIewar - 8 Mewar - (Salumba, 1lhinda, 5Mbpura) - 16 P .....n III. DUngarpur - Partabgarh - ~ 1lBnsw8ra P ..... TE IV. I 10dhpur 37 (and other types) PLArE V. 10dhpur 41 P ..... TE VI. 1likaner 55 P .... n VII. - 1aipur - 71 PLATH VIII. - 1l.mdi, Kotah- 85 P ..... TE IX. 1MIawar,1aisalmer . 97 r ..... TE X. Alwar - 109 r .....T. XI. Karauli 119 r ..... TS XII. - 1lbartpur, Dbolpur- 125 PREFACE

IN my leisure time, during the years spent on duty at the Coul'ts of irdaipur and Bikaner, I devoted my attention to the subject of ille coinage in the Native States of Rajputana. The information (derived from p~rsonal observation, from the study of my unique collection of coina of the Province, from correspondence with brother-officers ~rving under the India~ Foreign Office, and with ~ny friends among the Princes and the officials at their Courts) I have during my furlough embodied into the following work, which I now venture to offer to Government as, perhaps, a more perfect representation of the questions involved than' is at present possessed, \nd in the hope that a further consideration of ~he points to whic~ I hav

TABLE OJ!' COINS AT PRESENT IN CIRCULATION IN THE , RA:JPUT STATES

Old coins in circu .. Now being coined !ation to a considerable amount SlalA> • Gold Silver Copper Gold Silver Copper !---!--- ~ e ! ~ i B ~ i ~ ~ "\l 1II i ! m ~ ~ ~ 1II i 1-----1--- - ;- I-- Mewflr .. 2 2 2 2· 2 2 2 . 3 1 Salftmb ••• 1 Bhlndo •• 1 Shr.hpuro • - 1 1 1 ParIIlbgorh 1 1 1 1 1 I' I Dftngflrpur I

BAnswflrn • I I I I I Mflrwflr •• I I I I 1 1 I 2 7 3 K6chawan 1 1 1 1 BUtaner •• I 1 1 1 1 6 6

Kiahnngn,h 1 1 ,~ 1 1 Jaipnr ••• 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2, 3 Khetri .. 1 BdndI .•• 1 1 4 1 Kota\ •.• 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Jhlllk_• • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0&1,..- . .. t 4 4 Kernnll •• 1 1 i 1 2 2 lo.i1almer . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 Bhartpnr • 1 1 1 1 1 4 Dholpn, •• 1 1 3 I-- -- 6 2 2 1 16 14 1391"2116-6- 43 '26

• Several issues of this coin with different values. t Milled rupoe isanod for the Mnhflrkjk from the CalO1llta mint. _ 'x PREFACE

Some years ago, after the institution of an enquiry into the condition of the coinage, the Government of India issued the following order: - (Foreign Department No. 402, F, dated October 6th, 1870, No. 25, Resolution 3). "His Excellency in Council thinks it right to declare that where mints have been suppressed altogether, or have not been in active use wi thin the last five years, their revival or opening cannot be permitted." In spite of this resolution, as will be seen by e~amination of the following pages, mints for both silver and gold have been re-opened in some Ststes. In 1870 a recommendation was made, by th~ Agent to the Goyernor-General for Rajputana, to the Government of India that certsin rupees then being coined in the Province should be spared, and permission given for the continuation of their issue. The ground of the recommendation was that they were much used on the occasions of marriage ceremoni~; being of les8 value than other rupees circulating a considerable saving was thus effected, and by using them the gift or expenditure was magnified, and the good name for liberality: maintained. I beg to point out that the need for the retention of these rupees no longer exists now that the amounts to be spent on mat;riage ceremonies have been regulated and determined upon by the CRajputs, under the guiding hand of Colonel C. K. M. Walter, C.S.I. The composition of the coins in an issue of these States is in moat cases variabl... This is to be expected, as the pay of the mint official. is poor, and consequently there is a temptation to issue coins of an inferior quality to the authoriaed standards. The circulation of a large number of coins of different values, and in moat cases very badly stamped ,and rudely fashioned, re-actll in the following harmful way.:- PREFACE xi

1. Great trouble is given to the merchants residing in Rajput!ma'in the keeping of and i~ the adjustment of their accounts. 2. The question of exchange leads to continual gambling, not only amongst the merchants and bankers, but also among the native youths, for the exchange rate of the Imperial and Native currencies is continwilly fluctuating, due to the fraudulent schemes of the native money-lenders. 3. Distress and inconvenience fall on the agricnltural and poorer classes, the members of which are continually mnlcted of small sums' by dishonest merchants, who represent the exchange rate as being d!fferent from that "hich it is in reali.ty. 4. The mnltiplicity of badly executed coins facilitates the work of the coiner. As the coins of most of the" Native State. are very badly struck, it is a comparatively easy matter to counterfeit them, hence the amount of base coin in circulat~on is considerable. Even if the stamping of the pieces were to, be' improved upon it wonld not, in my opinion, much effect this evil, for the Native Chief. will not exercise the same surveillance over their currencies as is exercised in British India to prevent the counterfeiting of the coin of the Queen-Empress. If the Im~rial coins were alone current in the Native States, sufficient influenQe might be brought to bear on the Raj officisls to oblige the protection of the currency, and the ,much greater difficnlty ;]Jch exists in forging the Imperial, milled coin wonld act as an additional safeguard. 5. The issue of coin by the Native Princes is a loss to the revenue of the Government of India, for were these coins suppressed an equivalent amount of Imperial coin wonld be required. 6. In some of the States the silver pieces ar~ made from the' xii PREFACE

Imperial coin, which is melted down for the purpose. This practice leads to a great destruction of the Queen's currency and to its degradation. This statement would I know be indignantly denied by the native officials, but from careful enquiries which I have made through friends at the Native Courts, I can vouch for its correctness. From the consideration· of the above-mentioned circumstances, and knowing that the only Rajput States which have accepted the invitation made to the Native Princes, in the Government Resolution (Financial Department), No. 2227, dated 30th of September, 1872, are the Stat~s of Alwar and Bikaner, in the case of each of which the issue of special coin, minted for the State at Calcutta, has been introduced during a minority, and under the orders of the British Political Agent, acting 88 President of the Council of Regency; knowing also the improbability of any of the Chiefs or the Councils of the States in future accepting the invitation, or of their allowing the introduction of Imperial coin, as the sole currency, except under pressure or during future minorities, I beg, with diffidence, to submit the following points with a view to opening up a d~uBSion on the means of rectifying the existing evils:- 1. Whether the privilege of coining, fat present exe.,ised by the Native Princes, shall be indefinitely retained? 2. Whether it may not be possible to impose certain restna­ tions under which the continuation of the privilege can alone be exercised ? With .reference to the first query, I wish to observe that if the Government desired to paas an order abolishing the privilege, no hardship could really be complained of oby the Rajput Princes. For although Colonel Sutherland, Agent to the Governor-General PREFACE xiii for the States of Rajputana, wrote to the Under-Secretary to the Government of India, on the 23rd of January, 1841, as follows: .. The time is yet far distant, I fear, when we can hope to make the Company's rupee the circulating medium of these Countries, for the right of coinage is, in the estimation of the Native States, one of the emblems of Sovereignty," yet I beg to submit that Colonel Sutherland magnified the importance of the point, for I have failed to discover that for centuries the ancestors of any of these Princes exercised the power of coining. No coins coin now be produced which can with certainty be accredited to any of the existing l'fative States between the 12th and the end of the 17th or beginning of the 18th century (Mewar excepted). Certainly from the days of the Mughal supremacy the power of cohung, if it were then being exercised, was taken away. The present mints only dats from the decline of the Muhammadan power, and the practic? of coining was only assumed in consequence of the weakness of the suzerain at DehH, and in most cases for the purpose of making revenue by the circulation of debased coin, which was supported at an enhanced nominal value through the introduction of the purer, standards of ne~ghbouring districts. When the present minte were opened sanads rI- permission were ,obtained by purchase or extortion from the DehH Court, and the Princes placed on their ooins the "Emperor's name and superscription as a titular avowal of Dehli supremacy. As regards the second "query, it appears to me that if the continuation of coining be permitted, indefinitely, on!, of the following methods of procedure may perhaps be arranged:- 1. That the Imperial Government coins be issued for each Stste from the Calcutta or Bombay mint, under the regulations' laid xiv PREFACE down in the Despatch No. 2227 from the Government of India in the Financial Department, dated Simla, 30th of September, 1872. 2. That the Imperial Oovernment provide dies and machinery for the coining of money for each Native State (charging the actual cost of the dies and machinery), and give distinct orders as to the purity and weight of the coins to be issued, providing trained mint-officers for the service of the Durbars, and making the Political Officers accredited to the Courts responsible to see that the orders of Government be duly observed and ca~ed out. This latter would be an expensive if a workable way of getting over the difficulty, and I Mlieve that if the matter were laid before the different Native Princes, and the necessity of a uniformity in the ooinage again demonStrated, a number of them would without further trouble accede to the offer made to them by Government in the Despatch above quoted from. I desire to offer my best thanks to Professor Cecil Bendall, M.A., to Mr. E. J. Rapson, M.A., and Mr. H. A. Grueber, F.S.A., the former of the Department of Oriental MSS., and the two latter of the Coin Department in the British Museum, for their kindness in revising the proofs and for many valuable suggestions, and also to Mr. Archibald Constable for thoughtful help' and for the great care which he has taken- in bringing ,put this monograph. It is also a pleasant duty to render thanks to Sir Joseph Fayrer, R.C.S.I., Sir George Birdwood, R.C.I.E., Co10;el P. W. Powlett, C.S.I., Captain C. Herbert, and to many friends, European and Native, dwelling in Rajputana for the ai4 and support which they have given to me. I wish also to acknow­ ledge my indebtedness to many works on Indian history and antiquities which have been consulted and made use of during the preparation of this volume, and espec;;'lIy to JameS Prinsep's PREFACE xv

"Essays on Indian Antiquities," edited by Edward Thomas; Lieutenant-Colonel James Too's "Annals' and Antiquities of Rajast'h(m"; "The Gazetteer of Indi/b" by Sir W. W. Hunter, K.C.S.I., C.I.E.; Colonel G. B. Malleson's "Historicai Sketch of the Native States of India," and to Mr. Stanley Lane-Poole's works-" The Coins of the Sult(,~s. of DehH," and "The Coins of the Muhammadan States of India."

WILLIAM WILFRID WEBB,

SURGEON CAPTA.IN,

BENGAL A.:mY. 2. PBOBY SQ.UABJI, BLACK..B.ocx, D11BLIN', M.V lOlA, 1893. INDEX

AMr, ancient capit&1 in Mewlb', p. 4. BIInowIIra State, mint of the, p. 33. AMria, name ot; p. 4. " silver coinage of the Ajit of MIIrwIIr, coins of, p. 40. p. 33, 34. Bappa R&wuJ, p. 3. !i:b....iJ,l;; ~':;...~. . '38, 40, 55. Bayl&y, Political Agent, Colonel, p. 13. n . thltor coin of, p. 7,8. Bayley, C.S., Political Agent, BIkaner, Akol&, town in Mewlb', p. 14. p.60. Alwar currencies, p. 107-115. Bl¥u"tPur currencies, p. 123-129. State, area of, population of, " copper coinage,. p. 128, 129. revenue of, p. 109 " ,Dig rupes, p. 126,127. , copper coins of the " rupee struck in A.D. 1858, p. 114-11!i. P. 128. , Alwar State, copper coins of BakhUwar Bhartpur currencies, rupee otruck in Singh, p. 114. . the Mme of Akbar 2nd, p. 127. Alwar State, copper coin. of Bani Bhartpur currencies, roJlOO struck in Singh, p. 114. the name of Sb&b'A::lam, p. 127. Alwar State, copper coins of Mangal Bh&rtpur State, area of, population of, Singh, P. 115. revenue of, p. 125. .A.lwar State, copper coin. of Pratap Bhartpur State, hiotory of the p. 125• Singh, p. 114. " list of the Chiefs of Alw.... State, copper coins of Sheodan the p. 125. Singh, p. Ufi. Bhartpur State, mint of the p. 126. Alw.... State, hiotory of the p. 109. " silver coinage of the " liot of the Chiefs of the p.ll0. p. 126-128. mint of the p. 110. ·Bh&rtpur State, table showing amount n silver coins of Bani Singh, of copper coined 1884-1891, p. 129. p.111. BhIlwma, Mewlb', mint at p. 9. Alwar State, silver coins of MangaJ modern pais!\, p. 15. Sitlgh, p. 112, 113. old mint mark, p. 9. Alwar StaOe, silver coins of FraUp old pissa, p. 14. Singh, p. 111. old ropes, p. 12, 13. Alwar State, Bilver coins of Sheodan Bhlm shah!, copper coine, Mllrwlb', • Singh, p. U2. p. 47, 48 . Amber, old capit&1 of Jaipur, p. 71, 72. Bhinda, Mewlb' feudatory, p. 16, 17. Amir Shahl, copper coin, Mllrwlb', p. 48. Bhindrya paisa, Mewar, p. 17. Arava\li hills, P. 38. Bijy SMh!, copper coin, Mllrwlb', p. 47. Aurungzeb, tbe Emperor, .p. 40, 73. " Singh's gold mohr, Mllrwlb', p. 43. " Singh of MIIrwIIr, p. 38. Bahrim, the Persian mOD&l"Cb, p. 6. " Singh's silver coins, Marwt1r, p. 40, Bajrangarh ropes, p. 24. 44, 48. Banbir of MeWllr, coino at; p. 6. Blkaner currencies, p. 53-63. Banowib'a currencies, p. 31-34. " State, copper coins of the " State, area ot; population of, p. 62,63. revenue of, p. 33. Blkaner State, histo':! of the 'p. 55, 56. Banowib'a State, copper coinage of the " 1iot 0 the Chieill of the p.34. p.56. xviii INDEX

Bikaner State, mint of the p. 56-60. , mint of the p. 133. " population of, area. of, " Hilver coinage of the revenue of, p. 55. p.133-135. , silver coins of the DMndar or :raipllr, p. 71. p.60-62. Dodi.., copper coin of Jaisahner, p., 106. Blkaner State, teble showing amount DUuga 81Ogh's copper coin, Blmer of silver struck, p. 63. State, p. 63. Bull and horseman coins, p. 6. Ddngs. Singh's silver coins, Bilmner Buudi, copper coinage, p. 88. State, p. 62. currencies, p. 83-88. DUngarpur, p. 4, 29-30, 33. " State, area o~ popula.tion of, D11ngllrpur State, area of, population revenue of, p. 85. of, revenue ot p. 29. , history of the p. 85. coinage, p. 29. " . mint of the p. 85, 86. " copper, p. 30. " silver coinage, rupee struck • Mahllrawul of p. 29. in name of Akbar 2nd, p. 87. BUndi. State, silver coinage, Gllrah East India Company, Treaty with sanah rupee, p. 87. Mllrwllr, p. 39. Bundi State, silver coinage, Katllr Sab! rupee, p. 87. ,. Gadhia coins, p. 5. Buud! State, silver coinage, old hall Gaj Singh's copper coins, Blkaner State, rupee, p. 86. p.62. BUndi State, silver coinage, Ram 5Mb!, Gaj Singh's silver coins, Blkaner State, p.87. p.60. Bllrhanplir, battle of p. 91. Ganga Singh'. copper coins, Blkaner Bya. Bishen Ram, p. 39. State, p. 63. Ganga Singh's silver coins, Blkaner Carl1eyle, on Mewllr coins, p. 6. State, p. 62. Caulfield, Major J., Political Agent in Gangroun, p. 91. . HarAoti, p. 911. Gehlot, p. 3. Chandimpnra, in Mewar, p. 5. , State of Dholpur, p. 133, 135. Chandori coins of Bhim Singh of Guhil, Rawul of Mewllr, coins of p. 6. Mewllr, p. 11. Chandon muhr, Mewu, p. 9. Herbert, Capt. C., Political Agent, " rupee, , p. 68. p.120. n coins of SWarUp Singh of HumayUn, the Emperor, p. 72. Mewar, p. 12. Chitar coin of Akbar the Great, p. 7,8. Impey, Capt., Political Agent, p. 113. " mint, p. 8. Indo-Sassanian coins, p. 4. n ,old capital of Mewlir, p. 3. Isvari Singh of Jaipur, silver coins o( n old mint marks. p. 9. p.76. ' Chitori coins, silver, Mewar, p. 10. Chohans, lord of the p. 37. Jai Singh IL, SawaiJai Singh of Jaipur, Chohan prinOB, Prithiraj, p. 37. p.72. Company, East India p. 39. Jaipur cummcies, p. 69-00. c Cunningham, Major-General 8ir Alex- Jaipur feudatories, p. 81, 82. ander, p. 6, 7. , copper comB, p. 79, 60. , gold coinage of the p. 74-76. Deorn prince (Choban), p. 48. ., history of the p. 71-73. DhabU Sab!, Mllrwllr copper coin, , list of Chief. of the p 73. p.47,48. , min'" ofthe p. 74. Dhar, Chief of p. 33. " ,silver coinage of the Dhingla paisa, Mewar, p. 13, 14. p.76-79. " ,Sahimba., Mewar, p. Iti. currencies, p~ ]01-106. Dholpur currencies, p. 131-135. Jaisahner State, area of, population of, " State, area of, population of, revellue oC p. 103. revenue oC p. 133. Jai..almer State, copper coinage of the Dholpur State, history of the p. 1:13. p.l06. INDEX xix

Jaisalmer State, gold coinage of the , silver ooin of Madan p. 104- P.u, p. 121. , history of the p. 103. Karauli State, ailv.. coin of Manak Jaisalmer State, list of the Chiefs of P.u, p. 120. the p. 103. Karauli State, statement showing the Jaisalmer State, mint of the p. 104. amount of silver and copper issued, J aisalmer State, ailv.. coinage of the 1885-1890, p. 122- p. 105, 106. Kesri Singh, Takhurof Jaisalmer,p.l04. Jaisalmer State, ailver coine struck in Khetri State, p. 81, 82. the name of Muhammad. Shah, Khetri State, eopper coinage of the p.l05. p.82. Jaisalmer State, ailver coins struck in Khetri State, hietory of the p. 81. the name of the Queen, p. 105, 106. mint of the p. 81. J_ant Singh, Mah&r&ja of Jodhpur, " silver coinage of the gold muhr of p. 44- p.81,82. J aya Sillha of Kanauj, p. 37. Khumbo, Ra.na of Mewllr, coine of p. 6. Jaychand of Kanauj, coine of p. 39. Kishangarh currencies, p. 65-68. JebJingir, the Emperor, p. 72, 91. Kishangarh State, gold coinage of the .JMJawllr currencies, p. 95-100. p.67• Jluill\wIIr State, copper coinage of the JGshangarh State, history of the p. 67. p.l00. . " , mint of the p. 67. JluUawllr State, hietory of the p. 97. , silver coinage of the mint of the p. 97. p. 67: 68. ailver coinage of the Kotah currencies, p. 89-94- p.9S-100. Kotah State, ares of, population of, Jluill\wllr State, ailver coinage, new revenue of p. 91. Madan .Mh!, p. 99, 100 . Kotab State, copper coinage of the .JMJawar State, ailver coinage, old , p.94- Madan sh&hl, p. 99. Kotah State, gold coinage of the JhiUra patan,!.. 91, 97. p. 92, 93. . Jhllr saw, old aipur copper coins, p. 79. Kotah State, history of the p. 91. Jodgir, p. 38. , mint ofthe p. 91, 92. J odba of Mllrwllr, p. 38. n , silver coin struck in the J odh Bai, Quesn of Akbar, p. 38. name of Muhannnad Bidllr Bakht, Jodhpur, sea Mllrwllr, p. 37, 38. mint, p. 41, 42. KotJ; ~t.te, ailver coin struck in the " State, table showing the name of Shah'Alam, p. 93. quantities of gold, ailver, and Kotah State, silver ooin struck in the oopper ooined, 1884-1891, p. 49. name of the Quesn, p. 93, 94- Jagat Singh of Jaipur, aily.. coin of Kuchawan State, p. 49-52- p. ~7. " history of the p. 49. list of Takhurs of o the p. 50. Kan&uj, p. 37, 39. K1ichewan State, ailyer coins, new, K ....uJ,i currencies, p. 117-122. Karauli State, ares of, population of, K1icfi;.:~ 5~tate, ailv.. coins, old, revenue of p. 119. p.50, 61. Karauli State, copper ooinage of the p. 122. La.chman 5Mb!, copper coin, BoIns­ Karauli State, list of the Chiefs of the wllra State, p. 34. p. 119. Lachman SMW, ailv.. coins, Banswllra Karauli State, mint of the p. 119, 120. State, p. 33. Karauli State, silver coinage of the Lodorva, ancient capital of the Y&dus p. 120-122. of Ja.isaJmer, p. 103. Karauli State, silver coin of Arjan P&!, LuliUlia rupees, MIIrw&r, p. 41, 46. p.121. Karauli State, aily.. coin of Bhenwar Pal, p. 121. Macdonald, Mr. A., p. 24- xx INDEX

Madho 5Mb!, copper coins, SMhpurs, Padam Sah! copper coin, Sah'unba, Mewar, p . .19. Mewar, p. 16. MBdho Singh of Jaipur, copper coin of Pall mint, Mllrwar, p. 41, 42. p.80. ParMbgarh currencies, p. 23-26. Madho Singh of J aipur, nlUhr of, p. 76. ParMbgarh State, area of, population " silver coins of of, revenue of p. 23. p.7B. Partabgarh State, copper coinage of MBdhu Singh of Jaipur, silver coins of the p. 26. p.77. ParMbgarh State, mint of the p. 2.3. Mahmftd Khan of Malwab, p. 6. " old mint marks, p. 23. 1I1aldeo, Chief of Marwar, p. 3B. ,t silver coins of the p. 25. Marathas, p. 4, 33, 39. Prinsep, James, quoted, p. 6, 24, 49, Martelli, Political Agent, Lieut.-Colonel 01, 67, 7B, B2, 86, 92, 114, 121, p. 126. 122, 127, 12B, 129. Marwar, area of, population of, revenue Prithirlij, Chohan prince, p. 37. ofp.37. Purihar race, prince of the p. 3B. Mllrwar State, copper coins of the Pushpevatl, Queen of SfIadlty&, p. 3. p. 47, 49. Putreesereea rupee, Thmgllrpur State, Mllrwar State currencies, p. 35-49. p.29. .. gold coinage of the p.43, 44. Rahtor.race, histor;r of the p. 37-40. Mllrwar State, list of the Chief. of the Ram SIDgh of Jalpur, copper' COlD of p.39. p. BO. Mllrwar State, mints of the p. 41-43. Ram Singh of Jaipur, muhr of p. 75. " silver coinage of the silver coins of p.44-47. p. 77,78. Mllrwar State, silver coins of IBoB and Ratan Singh's copper coins, Blkaner IB63, p. 40. State, p. 63. Marwar State, silver coins of IB69, p.46. Ratan Singh's silver coins, Blkaner IB7S-IBBl, State, p. 61. p.47. Rururia rupee, Mllrwar, p. 46. Mewar State, ancient coins of the p.4-8. Saitram, grandson of J aychand, Rahtor, Mewar State, &rea of, population of, revenue of p. 3. ~. S~b! rupees, Part&bgarh, p. 24, Mewar State, copper coinage of the 25,34- p.I3-10. Salftmba, copper coin, p. 16. Mewar State feudatories, p. 1S-19. " ?dewar feudatory, p. 1.6. .. , gold coinage ofthe p. 9,10. Sangram Singh of Mewar, coins ofp. 6, 7. " , history of the p. 3, 4. Seoji, Rahtor, grandson of Jaychand, , list of the Chiefs ofthep.l0. " , mints of the p. 8, 9. s.sJia,38.name of, . 4. • • .. , paielI (trisftlisl, p. 14. Shah '..(lam, thelmperor, p. 40, 43. " ,silverooinageofthep.l0-13. Shah JebOn, the Emperor, p. 91. Muhammad 5Mb, copper coin etruck 5Mbpura, Mewar feudatory, p.)7# in the Dame of, Jaipur, p. 79. 5Mbpura State, copper coinsge of the Muhammad 5Mb, the Emperor, p. 40. p.19. M1II Raj of JaisaImer, Po 103, 104. 5Mbpura State, gold coinsge of the Mundore, Po 38. p.l8. 5Mbpura State, list of the Chiem of N adole, p. 38. thep.17. N agore, p. 38. Shahpura State, mint of the p. 17, lB. Nagore mint, Mllrwar, Po 41. Shahpura State, Nahar Singh, present Narwar, p. 71, 72, 73. Chief of the p. IB" N ayana Pals, Conqueror of Kanauj, 5Mbpura State, silver coinsge of tho p.37. p. 19- Nixon, Resident in Mewar, Colonel Shaikbji, ancestor of the Shaikawuts, p. 29, 33. p. Bl. INDEX xxi

Sirda.r Singh'. copper coins, Blka.ner TrisUlia ~ Mewar, p. 14- State, p. 63- Tunnote, ancient capital of the Yadus Sirda.r Singh'. silver coi.... Blkaner of J a.isalmer, p. 103. . State, p. 61, 62. .. Tursool.. rupee, DUng&rpur, p. 29. Strobl, astronomer, Father Andreas i> . p.72. Udaipur, capital of Mewar, p. 3. Sujat mint, MJtrwar, p. 41. u coins, silver, p. 10, 11. Slirut Singh'. copper coins, Blkaner " mint at, p. 8, 9. State, p. 62. " old mint marks, p. 9. Slirut Singh's silver coins, B!ka.ner Uday& Si1)ha, founder of Udaipur, p. a. State, p. 61. . Swa.rUp Shahl muhr, Mewsr, p. 9, 10. Vall&bhlpuro, capital in SauriBhtra, /' silver coins, Mewar, p: 12. p,.,3. 5, 6. V&1)&v1r& of Mewar, coins of p. 7. T&kh&t Singh of Marwar, p. 42. Vikram8ditya, coins of p. 7. " first gold muhr of p. 43. • W&!ter, Colonel, C.K.M., C.S.I., p. 52. T&kh&t Singh oj M&rwar, gold muhr Wilder, Mr., Politic&! Superintendent of 1869, p. 44. of Ajmere, p. 39, 66, 92. Tama.ncha coins, Dholpur, p. 133-135. Toe!, Major, p. 5, 38, 65. Yldu race, p. lOa. Tod'. Rnja.j'/um, quoted on early Yava.naswa, p. 37. Marwar coins, p. 40. ~odhagiri, p. 38.