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Effect of Sex on Results of Slaughter Analysis of Grey Partridge Perdix

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Effect of Sex on Results of Slaughter Analysis of Grey Partridge Perdix Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Animal Science No 53, 2014: 67–72 (Ann. Warsaw Univ. of Life Sci. – SGGW, Anim. Sci. 53, 2014) Effect of sex on results of slaughter analysis of grey partridge Perdix perdix AGNIESZKA WNUK1, MONIKA ŁUKASIEWICZ1, NATALIA MROCZEK-SOS- NOWSKA1, JAN NIEMIEC1, BARTŁOMIEJ POPCZYK2, MAREK BALCERAK1 1 Department of Animal Breeding, 2 Department of Animal Environment Biology Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Abstract: Effect of sex on results of slaughter habitats with high biological productiv- analysis of grey partridge Perdix perdix. The ity (clumps of bushes, belts of brush- experimental material included grey partridges Perdix perdix planned for re-introduction into woods, midfi eld shrubs, foliage-fi elds) the natural habitat, reared at the Center of Game and with good access to water (Okarma Breeding on the area of Mazovia Province. and Tomek 2008). Partridges have been 10 hens and 10 roosters were selected for slaugh- hunted for years but today this tradi- ter. After exsanguination, plucking and eviscera- tion, the birds were cooled for 24 h to a tem- tion is abandoned due to a signifi cant perature of 4°C. The carcasses were subjected decrease in the population number of to dissection to enable determination of dressing these species on hunting grounds. Con- percentage and calculation in the carcass contents of: breast muscles, leg muscles, adipose fat and temporarily, game birds appear on tables giblets. The study showed no effect of sex on re- sporadically. However, in some homes sults of slaughter analysis of grey partridge. and cultures, the hunter’s cuisine is still meticulously cultivated and brings the Key words: grey partridge, dressing percentage, game plentitude of ideas, courses and fl avors onto our tables. Unfortunately, numer- INTRODUCTION ous changes in the natural habitat of birds caused their lower number on hunt- It is estimated that ca. 94 species of par- ing grounds (Panek 2012). The tradition tridges occur worldwide. They belong of bird hunting is vanishing, however, to the galliforms order (Galliformes), hunting for pheasants and partridges is pheasant family (Phasianide) and par- still popular in some regions of Poland, tridge subfamily (Perdicinae). Most of especially these where environmental these birds inhabit open areas. Likewise conditions are unfavorable to the big pheasants, they are mainly represented game (Rancew-Sikora 2009). by settled, non-migrating species. In Po- Game meat has for years been play- land, grey partridge Perdix perdix occurs ing the most signifi cant role among meat on the entire area of the country. This courses. Partridge game is highly valued species inhabits open areas and prefers by consumers as the most delicate and 68 A. Wnuk et al. the most tasty meat of all game birds For fi rst 4 weeks, partridges were (Łebkowska and Łebkowski 1995). Only kept indoors. Since then, they had free a few species of birds are still economi- access to rearing aviaries that were part- cally signifi cant, therefore bird hunting ly roofed, with the roof covered with an has lost its commercial character. Nev- electric cord to protect against predators. ertheless, in some countries, courses The aviaries with gravel-sand bottom prepared from wild fowl are a local deli- were planted with vegetation and pos- cacy, are perceived as a luxury course, sessed natural hideaways in the form of often claimed a tourist attraction (Wnuk rootstocks and large stones. et al. 2013), They are, simultaneously, 10 hens and 10 roosters aged of 14 a valuable dietary complement and vari- weeks were selected for slaughter. After ety (Wójcik et al. 2010). exsanguination, plucking and eviscera- The aim of this study was to de- tion, the birds were cooled for 24 h to termine the effect of sex on results of a temperature of 4°C. Cooled carcasses slaughter analysis of grey partridge. were weighed and subjected to a sim- plifi ed carcass analysis according to MATERIAL AND METHODS methodology provided by Ziołecki and Doruchowski (1989). Dissection was The experimental material included grey performed at the laboratory of the Depart- partridges Perdix perdix planned for re- ment of Poultry Breeding, Warsaw Uni- introduction into natural habits, reared at versity of Life Sciences – SGGW. Once the Game Breeding Center on the area of the carcasses had been cooled, dissection Mazovia Province. was performed to enable determining Complete feed mixtures were applied dressing percentage and calculating in in the rearing period. In fi rst 4 weeks of the carcass contents of: breast muscles, birds life, the feed mixtures contained: leg muscles, abdominal fat and giblets. 29% of total protein, 11.5 MJ of metabo- Results achieved were elaborated lizable energy and 3.6% of crude fi ber. statistically with the use of Student’s Since 6th till 10th week of birds life the t-test in SPSS 19.0 PL software (SPSS mixtures contained: 23% of total pro- Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Differences tein, 11.5 MJ of metabolizable energy were found signifi cant at P ≤ 0.05 and and 4% of crude fi ber. From 10th week P < 0.01. of birds life till the end of rearing, the birds were fed diets, with a daily feed ra- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION tion including up to 50 g of wheat and The conducted experiment did not show maize grain and ad libitum grass which any differences in results of the slaugh- included a mixture of maize, sunfl ower, ter analysis between sexes of grey par- alfalfa, grasses and marrows stem kale. tridge (Table 1). Body weight of roosters Effect of sex on results of slaughter analysis... 69 TABLE 1. Results of slaughter analysis [g] of grey partridge Perdix perdix Body weight Breast muscles Leg muscles Fat Group x SE x SE x SE x SE ♂♂ 387.33 12.50 73.68 4.16 40.67 2.08 2.00 0.00 ♀♀ 380.67 12.22 83.67 4.16 45.33 11.24 1.33 0.57 was higher (387.33 g) than that of hens signifi cantly higher body weight reach- (380.67 g). A similar tendency was dem- ing ca. 460 g is reported for rock par- onstrated by Kokoszyński et. al (2013), tridges Alectoris graeca. When reared however, in their study the fi nal body in closed runs, they reach a signifi cant- weight of birds was defi nitely lower and ly (P ≤ 0.01) higher body weight of ca. reached 301.8 g in roosters and 299.5 g 480 g (Ozdemir and Esen 2006). in hens. Body weight of grey partridge In the conducted experiment, dressing changes in the annual cycle. Since No- percentage was similar in both sexes and vember till January, they reach the maxi- reached ca. 68% (Table 2). According to mum body weight, whereas since June Adamski (2012), carcasses of partridges till August, namely in the breeding pe- are characterized by high dressing per- riod, they reach the lowest body weight. centage of ca. 71.1%, which is similar to TABLE 2. Results of slaughter analysis (%) of grey partridge Perdix perdix Dressing percentage Breast muscles Leg muscles Fat Group x SE x SE x SE x SE ♂♂ 68.55 3.58 26.78 2.49 15.37 2.08 0.65 0.05 ♀♀ 68.34 2.05 32.30 2.71 17.47 11.24 0.53 0.23 Males weigh from 340 to 410 g, and fe- dressing percentage of broiler chickens males from 350 to 395 g (Krupka 1986). that accounts for 70–71% on average in Putaala and Hissa (1995) demonstrated the EU Member States (Łukaszewicz that partridges reared in closed runs had 2008). Kokoszyński et al. (2013) also higher (P < 0.05) body weight compared showed no effect of sex on dressing per- to wild birds. A similar tendency may centage, demonstrating a slightly higher be observed in case of pheasants. Many value of this parameter at 72.1–72.4%. authors (Hofbauer et al. 2010, Brudnicki In turn, Łukasiewicz et al. (2011) dem- et al. 2012) point to differences between onstrated the effect of sex in pheasants, birds reared in the hunting ground and where dressing percentage was lower birds reared in aviaries. Among par- in roosters (71.90%) compared to hens tridges being of dietary importance, a (73.50%). The study of Ozdemir and 70 A. Wnuk et al. Esen (2006) shows that dressing percent- No differences were demonstrated age of rock partridge ranges from 71.88 in the edible giblets between sexes of to 72.85%. In the group of game birds, grey partridge (Table 3). Roosters were a similar dressing percentage as in our characterized by a higher mass of liver study was demonstrated for game pheas- (7.67 g) and gizzard weight (6.67 g) ants: 70.4–70.8% (Kokoszyński et al. compared to hens (5.33 and 6.00 g, re- TABLE 3. Content of edible giblets in carcass of grey partridge Perdix perdix Liver Heart Gizzard Group g%g% g % x SE x SE x SE x SE x SE x SE ♂♂ 7.67 1.52 3.09 0.48 3.00 0.00 1.11 0.08 6.67 0.57 2.57 0.17 ♀♀ 5.33 0.57 2.04 0.55 3.00 0.00 1.16 0.07 6.00 0.00 2.32 0.14 2011), and slightly lower one for Mal- spectively). The heart weight was equal lard duck: 64.9–65.9% (Murawska et in both sexes (3 g). In terms of percentage al. 2013), and for hazel grouses: 65.5% content in the carcass, a higher content (Dzierżyńska-Cybulko and Fruziński was determined for liver and gizzard in 1997).
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