My University My Campus It’s My Responsibility University of Mumbai

Biodiversity Audit – University Mumbai An Initiative under National Science Day Celebration 2021 Mr. Pratik Patkar, Ms. Nikita Tiwari, Mr. Shivkumar Iyer Mr. Chhabildas Choudhari, Ms. Anjali Tiwari, Ms. Kanchan Singh, Ms. Dhanashree Kharik, Ms. Kadambari Kambali, Mr. Hemant Mirashi, Mr. Nikhil Patil (Department of Geography & NSS B 60 Unit)

Mr. Tushar Dalvi, Ms. Yashashree Pradhan, Mr. Ankur Anavkar, Ms. Sami Sardar, Ms. Ujala Kumbhar, Ms. Rajnandani Jaiswal, Mr. Kartikey Mishra, Ms. Suman Mhatre (Department of Life Sciences),

Mr. Shantanu Majumdar (Student of Engineering)

PhD Scholars : Mr. Shridhar Pednekar, Mr. Nikhil Gawai - (Department of Geography) Mr. Moreshwar Undirwade (Department of English), Mr. Manik Waghmare (Department of Biophysics )

Photo Editing : Mr. Vikrant Sawant Name Plates : Ms. Nikita Tiwari

Dr. Aparna Phadke Dr. Nisha Shah Dr. Rajdeo Singh (St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai) Dr. Suhas Jejurikar Faculty members

Guided by : Dr. Anuradha Majumdar (Dean, Sci. & Tech.) THE TEAM

3 DEPARTMENTS 4 FACULTIES 2 INSTITUTIONS AND 23 STUDENTS  Relevance  Urban Resilience Our Mission  Urban Liveability Green Campus Initiative through  Urban Sustainability Participatory Approach and innovative Practices  Problems  Interdepartmental ….  Urban heat islands  Inter-institutional….  Urban Climate Change

 Worst Air Quality Index  Collective…….

 Urban Flooding  Community effort…………..

NEED AND RELEVANCE Source: The maps have been presented by (Zope, Eldho, & Jothiprakash, January, 2015)

LOCATION OF KALINA CAMPUS IN URBAN AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SETTINGS AND THE WETLAND 1.Identification and documentation of the flora mainly trees with the help of Dr. Rajdeo Singh who is a well-known taxonomist

2.Geotagging the flora using Open Data Kit (Geospatial technology)

3.Mapping of the flora with the help of open-source software QGIS (GIS technology)

4.Preparation of QR codes for each species.

5.Species based distribution of and number of plants per species have been calculated

6.Suggestions and Solutions for Ecological restoration and management.

7.Planning and promoting conservation practices by involving the nonteaching, teaching and student community.

OBJECTIVES 1.Identification of flora and fauna has been done with the help of taxonomist, Dr, Rajdeo Singh by conducting field surveys mainly for identification of trees. Height and trunk size of each tree was recorded.

2.Preparation of IUCN list using the data published by Forest Research Institute, Dehradun

3.Collection of information about the plants – Common name, Botanical Name, Local Name, IUCN status, medicinal use, commercial use, traditional use and other important information

4.Geotagging the flora and fauna using handheld GPS, mobile GPS tracker and ODK collect through primary survey

5.Preparation of various maps representing spatial distribution of trees by using the GIS software like QGIS

6.Calculation of Carbon sequestration and carbon sink

METHODOLOGY Saraca Asoca (Roxb.) wild, Tabebuia rosea (Bartol.) and Plumeria rubra L

Figure 8 Bombax ceiba L., Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub and Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Source : Dr. Rajdeo Singh PREPARATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE DIRECTORY OF SPECIES FOUND IN THE CAMPUS CHECKLIST OF THE TREES IN KALINA CAMPUS

Sr.no. Common name Botanical name Family Sr.no. Common name Botanical name Family African tulip 1 tree Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Bignoniaceae 25 Bottle palm Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F.Cook Arecaceae 2 Akashneem Millingtonia hortensis L.f. Bignoniaceae 26 Cannon ball tree Couroupita guianensis Aubl. Lecythidaceae Senna sulfurea (Collad.) H.S.Irwin 3 Ambada Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz Anacardiaceae 27 Cassia glauca & Barneby Leguminosae 4 Amla Phyllanthus emblica L. Phyllanthaceae 28 Cassia grandis Cassia grandis L.f. Leguminosae Cassia javanica subsp. nodosa 5 Anant Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis Rubiaceae 29 Cassia nodosa (Roxb.) K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen Leguminosae 6 Apta Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Leguminosae 30 Chandan Santalum album L. Santalaceae Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) 7 Arjun Wight & Arn. Combretaceae 31 Charcoal tree Trema orientalis (L.) Blume Cannabaceae Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) 8 Asana Bridelia retusa (L.) A.Juss. Phyllanthaceae 32 Charoli M.R.Almeida Anacardiaceae 9 Asupalav Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites Annonaceae 33 Chiku Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen Sapotaceae Australian 10 acacia Acacia auriculiformis Benth. Leguminosae 34 Chinch Tamarindus indica L. Leguminosae 11 Babool Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Leguminosae 35 Chota taman Lagerstroemia thorelii Gagnep. Lythraceae Araucaria columnaris (G.Forst.) 12 Badam Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae 36 Christmas tree Hook. Araucariaceae 13 Bahava Cassia fistula L. Leguminosae 37 Coconut Cocos nucifera L. Arecaceae Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) 14 Baheda Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Combretaceae 38 Copper pod K.Heyne Leguminosae Barringtonia acutangula (L.) 15 Bakneem Melia azedarach L. Meliaceae 39 Dhatriphal Gaertn. Lecythidaceae 16 Bakul Mimusops elengi L. Sapotaceae 40 Dikemali Gardenia resinifera Roth Rubiaceae Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R.Br. ex 17 Baobab tree Adansonia digitata L. Malvaceae 41 Fan palm Mart. Arecaceae 18 Bel Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa Rutaceae 42 Ficus tsiela Ficus amplissima Sm. Moraceae 19 Benjamin tree Ficus benjamina L. Moraceae 43 Fishtail palm Caryota urens L. Arecaceae 20 Bhend Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa Malvaceae 44 Foxtail palm Wodyetia bifurcata A.K.Irvine Arecaceae Gliricidia maculata ("Humb., 21 Bhokar Cordia dichotoma G.Forst. Boraginaceae 45 Giripuspa Bonpl. & Kunth") Steud Leguminosae 22 Bitti (L.) Lippold 46 Gulmohar Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf. Leguminosae 23 Bivla Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Leguminosae 47 Haldu Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae 24 Bor Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Rhamnaceae 48 Harda Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae CHECKLIST OF THE TREES IN KALINA CAMPUS

Sr.no. Common name Botanical name Family Sr.no. Common name Botanical name Family Indian Rubber 49 tree Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. Moraceae 73 Mango Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae 50 Jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Moraceae 74 Mayur pankhi Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco Cupressaceae Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & Dolichandrone falcata (Wall. ex DC.) 51 Jamb L.M.Perry Myrtaceae 75 Medsheng Seem. Bignoniaceae Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia (Roxb.) 52 Jamun Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Myrtaceae 76 Moha A.Chev. Sapotaceae

53 Jungli badam Sterculia foetida L. Malvaceae 77 Muchkund Pterospermum suberifolium (L.) Willd. Malvaceae 54 Kadamb Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Rubiaceae 78 Mulberry Morus alba L. Moraceae 55 Kadi patta Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Rutaceae 79 Nagkesar Mesua ferrea L. Calophyllaceae 56 Kahandol Sterculia urens Roxb Malvaceae 80 Narikel Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R.Br. Malvaceae 57 Kajra Strychnos nux-vomica L. Loganiaceae 81 Neem Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Meliaceae Anacardiacea 58 Kaju Anacardium occidentale L. e 82 Niligiri Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Myrtaceae 59 Kala kuda Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don Apocynaceae 83 Noni Morinda citrifolia L. Rubiaceae 60 Kala umber Ficus hispida L.f. Moraceae 84 Padal Stereospermum tetragonum DC. Bignoniaceae 61 Kalamb Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. Rubiaceae 85 Palash Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Leguminosae Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex 62 Kanak champa Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd. Malvaceae 86 Paper mulberry Vent. Moraceae

63 Kanchan Bauhinia purpurea L. Leguminosae 87 Parijatak Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Oleaceae 64 Karanj Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Leguminosae 88 Payar Ficus virens Aiton Moraceae

65 Kashid Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Leguminosae 89 Peepal Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae 66 Katesavar Bombax ceiba L. Malvaceae 90 Peru Psidium guajava L. Myrtaceae Phandara 67 Kavat Limonia acidissima Groff Rutaceae 91 Chapha Plumeria rubra L. Apocynaceae 68 Khair Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Leguminosae 92 Plumeria obtusa Plumeria obtusa L. Apocynaceae

69 Kokam Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy Clusiaceae 93 Putranjiva Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Putranjivaceae 70 Kusum Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Merr. Sapindaceae 94 Rai avla Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels Phyllanthaceae Pisonia umbellifera (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) 71 Lettuce tree Seem. Nyctaginaceae 95 Raintree Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr. Leguminosae 72 Maha neem Melia dubia Cav. Meliaceae 96 Ramphal Annona reticulata L. Annonaceae CHECKLIST OF THE TREES IN KALINA CAMPUS Common Sr.no. name Botanical name Family Sr.no. Common name Botanical name Family

97 Ratangunj Adenanthera pavonina L. Leguminosae 119 Subabul Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Leguminosae

98 Ritha Sapindus trifoliatus L. Sapindaceae 120 Supari Areca catechu L. Arecaceae 99 Rohan Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R.Parker Meliaceae 121 Suru Casuarina equisetifolia L. Casuarinaceae Rose of Tabebuia 100 Venezuela Brownea grandiceps Jacq. Leguminosae 122 heterophylla Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton Bignoniaceae Rosy trumpet Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) 101 tree Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) Bertero ex A.DC. Bignoniaceae 123 Tamal patra T.Nees & Eberm. Lauraceae 102 Sag Tectona grandis L.f. Lamiaceae 124 Taman Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Lythraceae

103 Samudraphul Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Spreng. Lecythidaceae 125 Tetu Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Bignoniaceae 104 Sand paper treeStreblus asper Lour. Moraceae 126 Umber Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae 105 Saptparni Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Apocynaceae 127 Undi Calophyllum inophyllum L. Clusiaceae 106 Savar Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Malvaceae 128 Vad Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Crateva adansonii subsp. odora (Buch.- 107 Shami Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Leguminosae 129 Vaivarna Ham.) Jacobs Capparaceae Heterophragma quadriloculare (Roxb.) 108 Shemat Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Anacardiaceae 130 Varas K.Schum. Bignoniaceae 109 Sher Euphorbia tirucalli L. Euphorbiaceae 131 Vavla Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. Ulmaceae

110 Shevga Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn. Moringaceae 132 Vilayti chinch Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Leguminosae Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & 111 Shindi Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Arecaceae 133 Yellow Tabebuia Hook.f. ex S.Moore Bignoniaceae 112 Shisam Dalbergia sissoo DC. Leguminosae Identification of the trees was entirely done by Dr. Rajdeo Singh, Taxonomist and 113 Shivan Gmelina arborea Roxb. Lamiaceae Assistant Professor, St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai. The volunteers were trained to 114 Silver oak Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br. Proteaceae identify the trees. Principal Dr. Rajendra Shinde St. Xaviers’s College has been an Singapore instrumental force in extending support for the Biodiversity Mapping. 115 Cherry Muntingia calabura L. Muntingiaceae 116 Sita Ashok Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd. Leguminosae The unconditional support has been extended by Honorable Vice-Chancellor, Prof. Suhas Pednekar, Honorable, Pro-Vice Chancellor Prof. Ravindra Kulkarni, 117 Sitaphal Annona squamosa L. Annonaceae Honorable Registrar, Dr. Baliram Gaikwad & Honorable Dean (Sci. & Tech.), Dr. 118 Son chapha Michelia champaca L. Magnoliaceae Anuradha Majumdar. ODK COLLECT - The Mobile APP

Download Open General Server Getting Fill ODK Collect ODK Collect Settings Settings Blank Form Blank Form

Geotagging and mapping of the trees MAPS OF GEOTAGGED TREE DATA - QGIS QGIS AND SPATIAL QUERY  Generation of Quick Response Code (QR Code) has been initiated as the next step in arriving at a logical conclusion to the Biodiversity Audit.

 For each species of trees QR codes have been generated.

 These QR codes have been installed on the tress in the form of plates.

 The QR code has all necessary information about the tree like Place, Botanical Name, Common Name, Family, Flowering and Fruiting Season, IUCN Status, Description of Plant Morphology, Medicinal Uses and Miscellaneous information.

Inaugural Ceremony QR CODING OF THE TREES National Science Day 2021 Black Winged Stilt, Tickell's Blue Flycatcher and Paddy field Pipit

IDENTIFICATION OF FAUNA CHECKLIST OF THE BIRDS IN KALINA CAMPUS

Family Common Name Scientific Name Local Name Family Common Name Scientific Name Local Name 1. Indian Spot 18. Marsh 1. Anatidae Billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha हळदीकԂ कू बदक 8. Scolopacidae Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis चिखली त तारी 2. Threskiornithida 19. Green e 2. Red-Naped Ibis Pseudibis papillosa काळा शराटी Sandpiper Tringa ochropus हहरवी त तारी

3. Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus मोर शराटी 20. Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola हिपके वाली त तारी 4. Indian Pond 21. Common 3. Ardeidae Heron Ardeola greyii ढोकरी Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos सामाꅍय त तारी

5. Grey Heron Ardea cinerea राखी बगळा 22. Temminck's stint Calidris temminckii

6. Purple Heron Ardea purpurea जाԂभळा बगळा 23. Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago

7. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis गाय बगळा 24. Little Stint Calidris minuta

8. Great Egret Casmerodius albus मोिा बगळा 9. Laridae 25. Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida कल्लेदार स रय

9. Little Egret Egretta garzetta छोटा बगळा 10. Columbidae 26. Rock Pigeon Columba livia पारवा 27. Rose-Ringed 4. Accipitridae 10. Black kite Milvus migrans घार 11. Psittacidae Parakeet Psittacula krameri पोपट 11. Eurasian (Western) Marsh Eudynamys Harrier Circus aeruginosus दलदली भोव配या 12. Cuculidae 28. Assian Koel scolopaceus कोकीळ 29. Southern 12. Shikra Accipiter badius शशक्रा 13. Centropodidae Coucal Centropus s parroti भार饍वाज 13. Grey-Headed Porphyrio 5. Rallidae Swamphen poliocephalus जाԂभळी पाणकⴂबडी 14. Tytonidae 30. Barn Owl Tyto alba गव्हाणी घ बड 14. Red Wattled Cypsiurus 6. Charadriidae Lapwing Vanellus indicus हटटवी 15. Apodidae 31. Asian Palm Swiftbalasiensis 15. Little Ringed 32. White-Throated Plover Charadrius dubius छोटा कԂिेरी चिखल्या 16. Halcyonidae Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis पाԂढऱ्या छातीिा धीवर 16. Bronze Winged 7. Jacanidae Jacana Metopidius indicus काԂयपԂखी कमळपक्षी 17. Meropidae 33. Green Bee-Eater Merops orientalis वेडाराघू 17. Pheasant-Tailed Hydrophasianus लाԂब शेपटीिा 34. Blue-Tailed Bee- Jacana chirurgus कमळपक्षी Eater Merops philippinus निळ्या शेपटीिा राघू CHECKLIST OF THE BIRDS, AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES & INSECTS IN KALINA CAMPUS

Family Common Name Scientific Name Local Name Family Common Name Scientific Name Local Name 35. Coppersmith Megalaima 18. Megalaimidae Barbet haemacephala ताԂबट 28. Phylloscopidae 52. Green Warbler Phylloscopus nitidus

19. Pittidae 36. Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura िवरԂग 29. Sturnidae 53. Acridotheres tristis साळԂ की 37. Long tailed 54. Chestnut Tailed 20. Laniidae Shrike Lanius schach लाԂब शेपटीिा खाहटक Starling Sturnia malabarica करड्या डो啍यािी मैिा 38. Bay-Backed Shrike Lanius vittatus उहद पािीिा खाहटक 55. Rosy Starling Pastor roseus ग लाबी मैिा 56. Asian Pied 39. White Spotted Rhipidura Starling (Pied 21. Rhipiduridae Fantail albogularis पाԂढऱ्या कԂिािी िािण Myna) Gracupica contra 40. Indian Paradise 57. Oriental Magpie 22. Monarchidae Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi वगीय िततक 30. Muscicapidae Robin Copsychus saularis दयाळ 58. Red-Breasted लाल छातीिी 23. Corvidae 41. House Crow Corvus splendens कावळा Flycatcher Ficedula parva माशीमार 42. Indian Jungle Corvus 59. Tickells blue हटकेलिी निळी Crow macrorhynchos डोमकावळा Flycatcher Cyornis tickelliae माशीमार 43. Wire-Tailed 60. Purple-rumped जाԂभळ्या प िठ्यािा 24. Hirundinidae Swallow Hirundo smithii तारवाली शभԂगरी 31. Nectariniidae Leptocoma zeylonica शशजԂ ीर

44. Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica माळ शभԂगरी 32. Motacillidae 61. Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus धाि तीरचिमणी 45. Dusky Crag Ptyonoprogne 62. Orange-Headed िाररԂगी डो啍यािा Martin concolor धूसर कडा पԂकोळी 33. Turdidae Thrush Zoothera citrina कत र 34. 63. Indian Phalacrocorax 25. Cisticolidae 46. Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis राखी वटवट्या Plalacrocoracidae Cormorant fuscicollis भारतीय पाणकावळा

47. Plain Prinia Prinia inornata साधा वटवट्या COMMON NAMES (Frogs, Reptiles, Ants and Spiders) 48. Common Frogs : Bull Frog, Skittering Frog, Fungoid Frog, Common Tree Frog, Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius शशपԂ ी Toad Frog 49. Red Whiskered Reptiles: Indian Spectacle Cobra, Common Krait, Common Kukri, Vine Snake, Rat 26. Pycnonotidae Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus शशपाई ब लब ल Snake 50. Red Vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer लालब ड्या ब लब ल Ants: Pagoda ant, Weaver ant, Carpenter Ant, 51. Blyth's Reed Acrocephalus Spiders: Lyx spider, Long jawed spider, Signature spider, Humped silver spider, 27. Acrocephalidae Warbler dumetorum 녍लीथिा बो셂 वटवट्याSpotted orb-weaver spider, Two tailed spider, Spiny orb-weaver spider.  For the calculation of carbon sequestration total tree samples available were 5357.

 Out of which 5351trees were considered for the carbon sequestration calculation.

 Total Tree ‘Green Weight Above Ground’ is 11687052Ibs

 Total Tree ‘Green Weight above Ground + Roots’ = 14024463 Ibs

 Total Tree ‘Dry Weight’ = 10167736 Ibs

 Total Tree ‘Weight of Carbon in the Tree’ = 5083868 Ibs

 Total Tree ‘CO2 Sequestered in the Tree’ = 18657795 Ibs

 Total Tree ‘CO2 Sequestered in the Tree’ = 8463026 Kg

CARBON SEQUESTRATION Location Location: Location Location: Local_ Trunk Approx_ Age step step1 step2 step3 step4 Carbon :Latitude Longitud :Altitude Accurac Name size Height of tree 1a b in Ibs Sequestratio e y (inch) (ft) n in Kg. 19.0682 72.85804 -60.8 4.25 Peru 4.3307 2 4.4 9.3774 11.25 8.158 4.079 14.970 6.790580652 8125 298 409 204 68 19.06692 72.86011 -44.84 4.812 Vilayti 4.3307 3 4.4 14.066 16.87 12.23 6.118 22.456 10.18587098 chinch 2219 947 761 807 02 19.06873 72.85544 -64.74 4.107 Chand 4.3307 2 4.4 9.3774 11.25 8.158 4.079 14.970 6.790580652 an 8125 298 409 204 68 19.06769 72.85488 -69.5555 4.837 Laal 4.3307 2 4.4 9.3774 11.25 8.158 4.079 14.970 6.790580652 Chaph 8125 298 409 204 68 a Raintre 45114 54137 39249 19624. 19.07021 72.86026 -58.3433 4.3 e 420 165.354 11 168 .2098 .05 .36 68 72022.58 58793 70551 51150 25575. 19.0718 72.86046 -57.44 11 Vad 425 167.3225 14 170 .3199 .98 .19 09 93860.596 56497 67796 49152 24576. 19.07069 72.85861 -60.24 8.5 Peepal 450 177.165 12 180 .387 .86 .73 36 90195.253

CARBON SEQUESTRATION CALCULATION FOR INDIVIDUAL TREE  Thirty A1 size plates have been developed as a part of Photo Gallery

PHOTO GALLERY  1. The effort of documenting, geotagging and collecting a detailed information of flora and fauna in Kalina Campus has emerged as one of the innovative endeavours of approaching the current issues relating to ecological and environmental deterioration. The need to create awareness about various environmental problems, could be fulfilled by involving the various stakeholders in the biodiversity audit survey.

 2. IUCN listing of biodiversity helped in understanding the ecological status of the habitats within the campus. The IUCN status of trees like Kokam, Chandan, Sita Ashoka is vulnerable. Bilva, Mayurpankhi and Bel trees are near threatened. These trees are planted in the campus. Conservation and growth of such trees could be encouraged.

 3. The future path of ecological and sustainable development of the campus should be by promoting the selective afforestation of the indigenous species of plants.

 4. Some focused efforts can be directed towards development of wetland as an ecological site for students of life sciences, Geography, Botany and Zoology. In fact, the wetland has to be nourished and maintained to save the campus from frequent flooding.

 5. The development of butterfly garden can be encouraged with the help of Mahim Nature Park, Sion.

SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS  6. The campus already has one botanical garden. This garden can be developed and expanded to have more diverse plants. The Mittal Ayurvedic Garden needs to be maintained properly as it has some of the rare species of plants. Additionally, there can be more such botanical gardens instead of monotonous plantations.

 7. The biodiversity audit survey must be conducted every five years to update the information. As the trees are geotagged, it is easy to know the status of individual tree in terms of its sustenance, growth and other parameters.

 8. Kalina campus can be converted as an important site for educational tours by developing permanent galleries on biodiversity, ecological conservation, etc.

 9. Departments like Geography, Life Sciences can be given the responsibility of the Biodiversity Audit along with General Administration Department.

SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION B I O D I V E R S I T Y

R E P O R T