, 18(3): 275-283 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32491/jii.v18i3.425

Morphoregression and length-weight relationship of Bali , Sardinella lemuru Bleeker 1853 in Bali Strait Waters [Morforegresi dan hubungan panjang bobot ikan lemuru, Sardinella lemuru Bleeker 1853 di perairan Selat Bali] Nyoman Dati Pertami1,2 , M.F. Rahardjo3, Ario Damar3, I.W. Nurjaya4

1Graduate School of Doctoral Programs, Bogor Agricultural University 2Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fishery Udayana University Campus Bukit Jimbaran Street Udayana University, Badung - Bali 80361 3Department of Aquatic Resources Management 4Department of Marine Technology Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University Campus IPB Dramaga, Agatis street, Bogor 16680

Received: 22 August 2018; Accepted: 16 October 2018

Abstract Bali Sardinella, Sardinella lemuru Bleeker 1853, included in small pelagic groups which have an important economic value. The production of Bali Sardinella was the highest among the other small pelagic fish in Bali Strait waters. The morphoregression and length-weight relationship are important to be known to facilitate the conversion between a length measurement to another type of length measurement and the weight. The aims of this research were to reveal the relationship between total length (TL) and standard length (SL), total length and fork length (FL), fork length and standard length, and the length-weight. The research was held in Bali Strait waters from March 2017 Mei 2018. The morphoregression was analyzed using simple linear regression, whereas the length-weight relationship using power regression. A total of 470 individuals of Bali sardinella were collected during the study period. The fish that analyzed have a length range 9.7 20.2 cm TL. The average length of Bali sardinella was 13.7 cm. The relationship between total length (TL) and standard length (SL); total length (TL) and fork length (FL); fork length (FL) and standard length (SL) for Bali sardinella respectively were TL = 1.1038SL + 0.9313; TL = 1.0861FL + 0.2967; and FL = 1.0068SL + 0.6936, respectively. The value of b which were generated from the length-weight relationship of Bali Sardinella was 3.22 with the growth patterns were positive allometric.

Keywords: Bali Strait, morphoregression, length-weight relationship, Sardinella lemuru

Abstrak Ikan lemuru, Sardinella lemuru Bleeker 1853, termasuk dalam kelompok ikan pelagis kecil yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi. Dibandingkan dengan jenis pelagis kecil lainnya, hasil tangkapan ikan lemuru lebih dominan di perairan Selat Bali. Persamaan morforegresi dan hubungan panjang bobot penting untuk diketahui sehingga mudah melakukan kon- versi dari satu jenis panjang ke jenis panjang lain dan bobotnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap hubungan antara panjang total (PT) dengan panjang baku (PB), panjang total dengan panjang cagak (PC), panjang cagak dengan panjang baku, serta hubungan panjang bobot ikan lemuru. Penelitian dilaksanakan di perairan Selat Bali kurun waktu Maret 2017 Mei 2018. Morforegresi dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear sederhana, sedangkan hubungan panjang bobot dianalisis menggunakan regresi power. Ikan lemuru (Sardinella lemuru Bleeker 1853) yang dikumpulkan selama penelitian berjumlah 470 ekor. Ikan yang dianalisis memiliki kisaran panjang antara 9,7 20,2 cm PT. Panjang rata-rata ikan lemuru adalah 13,7 cm. Hubungan antara panjang total (PT) dan panjang baku (PB); panjang total (PT) dan pan- jang cagak (PC); panjang cagak (PC) dan panjang baku (PB) ikan lemuru secara berturut-turut adalah PT = 1,1038 PB + 0,9313; PT = 1,0861 PC + 0,2967; and PC = 1,0068 PB + 0,6936. Nilai b yang terbentuk pada hubungan panjang bobot ikan lemuru adalah 3,22 dengan pola pertumbuhan adalah allometrik positif.

Kata penting: hubungan panjang-bobot, morforegresi, ikan lemuru, Selat Bali

Introduction fish as an alternative source of protein than other Fish is an important source of nutrients sources of meat (Sikoki & Otobotekere 1999, such as a protein, Omega-3 with vitamins and Mahrus et al. 2012). Marine fish is more abun- minerals. Due to the higher components made dant when compared with freshwater fish, which is relatively cheap in Indonesia. fami- ______Correspondence author lies are known as marine fish that contains a high E-mail address: [email protected]

Morphoregression and length-weight relationship of bali sardinella

amount of mineral and spread in the eastern Indi- equation and length-weight relationship are im- an Ocean including Bali Strait. Clupeidae fami- portant to know so that it is easy to convert from lies in Bali strait waters include Bali Sardinella one type of length to another type of length and or lemuru fish (Sardinella lemuru Bleeker 1853) weight. This study aims to reveal the relationship and goldstripe sardinella or tamban (Sardinella between total length (TL) and standard length gibbosa) (Pertami et al. 2017). Sardinella lemuru (SL), total length and fork length (FL), fork is included in the group small pelagic fish. Small length and standard length, and the length-weight pelagic fish have an important ecological role in of Bali sardinella (Sardinella lemuru Bleeker food webs and become the main food source in 1853). the sea (Pedrosa-Gerasmio et al. 2015). Lemuru is an important economic fish in Materials and method Bali Strait waters (Merta 1992). Lemuru fishing The study was conducted from March activity is increasing year by year. The excessive 2017 - May 2018. Sampling was carried out 2 use of fish resources, especially lemuru in Bali days in each month. Fish samples were obtained Strait waters, will have an adverse impact on the in the coastal of Bali Strait waters from Pengam- ecosystem. Impacts that occur can cause changes bengan (Jembrana Regency) in three locations in abundance, productivity, and community with different characteristics of marine environ- structure including catches, changes in species ment (Figure 1). The collection of Bali Sardinella dominance, and size spectra. Currently, the (Sardinella lemuru Bleeker 1853) in the coast of productivity of lemuru is decreasing, even pre- Bali Strait waters was carried out using fishing dicted to begin to disappear (Merta 1992, Tin- boats in three fishing grounds. Fishermen in fish- ungki 2005, Djamali 2007, Wujdi et al. 2012). ing activities use gillnet (mesh size 2-2.25 inch- Research related to Sardinella lemuru in Bali es) and fishing rods. In addition, fish samples Strait waters (Merta, 1992, Tinungki 2005, Dja- were also obtained by combing purse seine fish- mali 2007, Buchary 2010, Sartimbul et al. 2010, erman who landed caught fish in Pengambengan Purwaningsih et al. 2011, Simbolon et al. 2011, Fishing Port. Purwaningsih 2015, Prasetyo & Purwoko, 2016) The measuring growth parameters such as and other territorial (Gaughan & Mitchell 2000, total length (TL), standard length (SL), and fork Mahrus et al. 2012, Willette & Santos 2013, length (FL), using a fish measuring board with an Luceño et al. 2014) have been widely carried accuracy level of 0.1 cm. Fish weight is weighed out. using a scale with an accuracy of 0.1 g. The study of the length-weight relation- The calculation of length-weight relation- ship in fishes by fishery management system has ship Bali Sardinella refers to the equation (Ricker been mainly directed toward two objectives, 1970): namely, to provide basic information of average W = aLb population in certain long groups (Beyer 1987) Where: W = weight of fish (gram), L = total length of fish (mm), a and b = constants and examine the relative value of fish (Bolger & Connoly 1989). Statistical analysis is indispensa- Morphoregression analysis was performed ble in analyzing and evaluating relationships using simple linear regression, while the length- between several types of fish. Morphoregression weight relationship was analyzed using power regression. The t-test was conducted to test the

276 Pertami et al. value of b. Effendie (2002) states that there were Result three possible values of b that appear in the cal- Total of samples collected during the re- culation of the length-weight relationship of fish, search was 470 individuals (Sardinella lemuru namely b < 3, b = 3 and b > 3. The value of b < 3 Bleeker 1853) consists of 122 females, 162 indicates that the weight was not faster than the males and 186 individuals were unsexed, were length, b = 3 means the length and weight of fish collected from Bali Strait. Total length of fish in a balanced condition, whereas the growth of ranged 9.7-20.2 cm, whereas the average was fish length was slower than the weight gain the 13.7 cm (Figure 2). value was b > 3.

Figure 1. Sampling location of Bali Sardinella in the coast of Bali Strait waters (1, 2, 3 are fish sampling areas). Source: Pertami et al. 2017.

40 35 30 25 20 15

Percentage (%) 10 5 0 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 Length (cm)

Figure 2. Length range of Bali Sardinella in Bali Strait Waters (N = 470).

Volume 18 Nomor 3, Oktober 2018 277 Morphoregression and length-weight relationship of bali sardinella

According to the samples, the body size of is close to 1 (Figure 3). After t-test was carried Bali sardinella caught during the research was out on the b-value of length-weight relationship, diverse. According Merta (1992), there are four it was found that Bali Sardinella growth pattern groups of Bali sardinella, namely sempenit (size was a positive allometric (Fig. 3). Length-weight < 11 cm); protolan (sizes range from 11-15 cm); equation Bali Sardinella generated in this re- lemuru (size 15-18 cm), and lemuru kucing (size search was W = 0.0046L3.2205. > 18 cm). Based on research, the dominant group Based on figure 4, the correlation value of protolan of 382 individuals. The total length and standard length Bali sardinella in l of 56 indi- Bali Strait waters was positive. By each standard viduals lemuru kucing of 21 indi- length increased, also accompanied by a total viduals sempenit of 11 individuals. The length increase. Based on determination coeffi- size composition of Bali Sardinella groups in the cient value (R2), it is known that standard length Bali Strait waters is shown in Table 1. can be used to estimate the total length. The rela- Weight and length of Bali Sardinella have tionship between TL and SL for Bali sardinella a strong relationship. This can be seen from the was TL = 1.1038 SL + 0.9313. correlation coefficient (r) of Bali Sardinella that

Table 1. Composition of Bali sardinella size groups in the Bali Strait Waters Fish size group amount Sempenit ( < 11 cm ) 11 Protolan ( 11 15 cm ) 382 Lemuru ( 15 18 cm ) 56 Lemuru kucing ( > 18 cm ) 21 Total 470

90 80 3.2205 70 W = 0.0046 L 60 R² = 0.9497 r = 0.9745 50

Weight Weight (g) 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Length (cm)

Figure 3. Length-Weight Relationship of Bali Sardinella in Bali Strait waters (N = 470)

276 Pertami et al.

25 TL = 1.1038 SL + 0.9313 20 R² = 0.9769 r = 0.9884 15

10 Total length Totallength (cm) 5

0 0 5 10 15 20 Standard length (cm)

Figure 4. Relationship of standard length and total length of Bali sardinella in Bali Strait waters (N = 470)

25 TL = 1.0861 FL + 0.2967 20 R² = 0.9824 r = 0.9912 15

10

5 Total Length (cm) 0 0 5 10 15 20

Fork Length (cm)

Figure 5. Relationship of fork length (FL) and total length (TL) Bali sardinella in Bali Strait waters (N = 470)

20 18 FL = 1.0068 SL + 0.6936 16 R² = 0.9753 14 r = 0.9876 12 10 8 6 Fork Fork Length (cm) 4 2 0 0 5 10 15 20 Standard Length/SL (cm) Figure 6. Relationship of standard length (SL) and fork length (FL) of Bali sardinella in Bali Strait waters (N = 470)

Volume 18 Nomor 3, Oktober 2018 279 Morphoregression and length-weight relationship of bali sardinella

Fork length (FL) can be used to estimate mum length of 23.0 cm (SL male), and mostly in the total length (TL) of Bali sardinella, by the 20 cm (SL). equation of TL = 1.0861SL + 0.2967 (Figure 5). Information on the length-length relation- The relationship between standard length (SL) ship of Bali sardinella is insufficient. Necessari- and total length (TL) has a high correlation value ly, it is important to have the information to ren- (r = 1). Similarly, the correlation values of fork der the result more reliable when making com- length (FL) and total length (TL) relationship parisons between studies which used different was high. type of length measurement. This research is the Standard length, in addition to being used first study which analyzed the length-length rela- to estimate the total length, also can be used to tionship for Bali sardinella. For another species predict fork length (fig. 6). This known from the of group, Sardinella aurita, was held by coefficient of determination (R2) and the correla- Bayhan & Kara (2012). The correlation value (r) tion coefficient (r) which is formed from the re- for all of the length-length relationship ap- gression equation between standard length and proached 1, which means that the formula was fork length for the type of fish observed. Rela- reliable to be used for converting a type of length tionship of standard length (SL) and fork length to the others. In the field, sometimes the tail was (FL) was FL = 1.0068SL+ 0.6936. broken which inhibit to measure the total length. This formula could be used to overcome the Discussion technical things and also the length-length rela- The average length of Bali Sardinella tionship is useful for comparing growth studies (Sardinella lemuru Bleeker 1853) is 13.7 cm. (Moutopoulos & Stergiou 2002). The overall population of lemuru fish (Sardinella In the length-weight relationship the val- lemuru Blk.) in the east coast waters of Siberut ues of b (slopes) ranged 2.4-3.5 (Effendie 2002). Island has an average length of 16.8 ± 0.14 cm If b-value is outside of this range, it can be con- with the smallest size of 12.0 cm and the largest clude that the fish form is not common or size of 21.4 cm (Ginanjar 2006). Froese & Pauly different from the fish form in general. (2018) stated that Sardinella lemuru has a maxi-

Table 2. Length-weight relationship among Clupeidae family (Asriyana 2015) Species b Growth pattern Location Reference Sardinella longiceps 3.00 isometric Sibolga Bay 1 (larvae) 2.67 allometric Brazilian Continental Shelf 2 Sardinella aurita 3.07 isometric Mediterania 3 Harengula clupeola (adult) 3.85 allometric Grand Cull-de-Sac 4 Opisthonema oglinum (juvenile) 3.34 allometric Grand Cull-de-Sac 4 Sardinella fimbriata (Male) 3.03 isometric Kendari Bay 5 Sardinella fimbriata (Female) 3.04 isometric Sardinella atricauda (Male) 2.94 allometric Kendari Bay 5 Sardinella atricauda (Female) 2.52 allometric Sardinella atricauda (Total) 2.90 allometric 1 Tampubolon et al. (2002), 2 Rossi-Wongtchowski et al. (2003), 3 Tsikliras et al. (2005), 4 Vaslet et al. (2008), 5 Asriyana et al. (2010)

278 Pertami et al.

kassar was higher than in Lake Mawang, but the The b value formed in the length-weight mineral content was higher in tilapia from the relationship of Bali Sardinella was 3.22, so the lake Mawang (Syahril et al. 2016). growth pattern is expressed as positive allome- tric. Merta (1992) said that the b value of Bali Conclusion Sardinella in Bali Strait waters ranged from 2.5 Growth pattern of Bali Sardinella (Sar- 3.5; and Mahrus (1995) concluded that the dinella Lemuru Bleeker 1853) is a positive al- growth of lemuru fish (S. longiceps) in Alas lometric. Weight and length Bali Sardinella have Strait waters was positive allometric (b > 3). Pos- a strong relationship; with the b value. itive allometric means that weight gains faster The relationship between total length and than the increase in length. The regression results standard length; fork length and total length; of the length-weight relationship of siro, Sar- standard length and fork length of Bali sardinella dinella articauda male, female, and combined were TL = 1.1038 SL + 0.9313; TL = 1.0861SL (male and female) from Kendari Bay waters in + 0.2967; FL = 1.0068SL + 0.6936 respectively. Southeast Sulawesi had a negative allometric growth pattern (Table 2), which means that the References length growth of siro was faster than its weight Asriyana. 2015. Pertumbuhan dan faktor kondisi ikan siro, Sardinella atricauda, Gunther (Asriyana 2015). 1868 (Pisces: Clupeidae) di Perairan The length-weight relationship of fish can Teluk Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 15 (1): 77-86. change through time so that these relationships have a relative nature. b-value is possible to Bayhan B, Kara A, Handzic M (Editor). 2012. Length-length and length-weight relation- change due to environmental factors, such as the ships of the Sardinella condition of the aquatic environment and food aurita Valenciensis, 1847 (Osteichthyes, Clupeidae) from the Aegean Sea. Pro- availability (Nikolsky 1963, Ricker 1975, ceedings of the 3rd International Sympo- Poernomo et al. 2011, Himelda 2013). The fish sium on Sustainable Development. Sara- jevo May 31-June 1 2012. International growth is influenced by internal and external Burch University. Sarajevo. pp. 110-112. factors. Internal factors include heredity, gender, Beyer JE. 1987. On length-weight relationships. and age. These factors are difficult to control. Part I: Computing the mean weight of the fish of a given length class. Fishbyte, External factors such as food availability, water 5(1): 11-13. temperature, parasites and diseases are the main Bolger T, Connoly PL. 1989. The selection indi- factors that influence fish growth (Effendie ces for the measurement and analysis of 2002). fish condition. Journal of Fish Biology, 17(3): 171-182. Studies related to the influenced external factors on the fish growth have been carried out. Buchary EA. 2010. In search of viable policy options for responsible use of sardine re- Pangkey (2011) states that lipids (essential fatty sources in the Bali Strait, Indonesia. The- acids) are one of the important nutritional of sis. University of British Columbia (Van- couver). 383 p. components for the growth of aquaculture biota, Djamali RA. 2007. Evaluasi keberlanjutan dan especially in the maturation stage of gonads and optimalisasi pemanfaatan sumberdaya larvae. Nutrient content of tilapia fish (Oreo- ikan lemuru (Sardinella lemuru Bleeker 1853) di perairan Selat Bali. Dissertation. chromis mossambicus) in Lake University Ma-

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Sekolah Pascasarjana. Institut Pertanian (Greece). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, Bogor. Bogor. 154 p. 18(3): 202-203.

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