Artificial Intelligence and Exploring Its Impact
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AI and Education
AI and educationducation Guidance for policymakerspolicy-makers UNESCO Education Sector The Global Education 2030 Agenda Education is UNESCO’s top priority because UNESCO, as the United Nations’ specialized it is a basic human right and the foundation agency for education, is entrusted to lead and on which to build peace and drive sustainable coordinate the Education 2030 Agenda, which is development. UNESCO is the United Nations’ part of a global movement to eradicate poverty specialized agency for education and the through 17 Sustainable Development Goals by Education Sector provides global and 2030. Education, essential to achieve all of these regional leadership in education, strengthens goals, has its own dedicated Goal 4, which aims to national education systems and responds “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education to contemporary global challenges through and promote lifelong learning opportunities for education with a special focus on gender all.” The Education 2030 Framework for Action equality and Africa. provides guidance for the implementation of this ambitious goal and commitments. Published in 2021 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France © UNESCO 2021 ISBN 978-92-3-100447-6 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Physics Research Tommaso Dorigo, INFN – Padova
Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Physics Research Tommaso Dorigo, INFN – Padova 5th USERN Congress, Workshop 2 November 8, 2020 - Tehran Contents • Artificial Intelligence: Where It Comes From, What It Is, Where It Is Going • Applications in Fundamental Physics Research • Quantum Computing: Physics Research for AI • The Future What is Intelligence ? Before we discuss artificial intelligence, we should agree on what intelligence is – and what isn’t. • The term «intelligence» comes from Latin “intelligo” to comprehend, to perceive …but that does not help much. We can consider the literature for help. We find that notable definitions differ significantly, also in relation to what can be general and what is specific of human beings: “The aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment” [Wechsler 1944] “The unique propensity of human beings to change or modify the structure of their cognitive functioning to adapt to the changing demands of a life situation” [Feuerstein 1990] But also, and more useful to us, are more abstract definitions such as: “Intelligence measures an agent's ability to achieve goals in a wide range of environments” [Legg 2007] “Intelligence is goal-directed adaptive behavior” [Sternberg 1982] What is Artificial Intelligence ? Curiously, a precise definition of Artificial Intelligence is not less challenging than that of Intelligence at large • AI: “Intelligence demonstrated by machines” – devices that have the ability to perceive -
Relative Study on Artificial Intelligence Interaction with Human Emotions
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 02 | Feb 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Relative Study on Artificial Intelligence Interaction with Human Emotions Chandrika1, K Radha2 1M.Tech, I –Year, CSE, GITAM UNIVERSITY, RUDRARAM HYDERABAD, TELANAGANA, INDIA 2Asst.Professor, CSE, GITAM UNIVERSITY, RUDRARAM, HYDERABAD, TELANAGANA, INDIA ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – Artificial Intelligence is a multidisciplinary field 1950 Alan Turing published “Computing Machinery and whose goal is to making software which thinks intelligently Intelligence” in which he proposes “the imitation game” similar to human activities and makes a lot easier to human to which will later become known as the “Turing Test.”[5] achieve their goal. There are some recent successes in Artificial Intelligence from computerized medical diagnosticians and It may be said that Alan Turing’s ideas for computational systems that automatically customize hardware to particular thinking lay the foundation for AI. user requirements. This Paper presents about, how does 1952 Arthur Samuel develops the first computer checkers- Artificial Intelligence interact with humans, Does Artificial playing program and the first computer program to learn on Intelligence can understand the human emotions, what can be its own. the impact of Artificial Intelligence on humans in upcoming years, and Does Artificial Intelligence can replace humans. August 31, 1955 The term “artificial intelligence” is coined in a proposal for a “2 month, 10 man study of artificial Key Words: Artificial Intelligence, computerized medical intelligence” submitted by John McCarthy (Dartmouth diagnosticians, Human Interaction, Human Emotions. College), Marvin Minsky (Harvard University), Nathaniel 1. What is Artificial Intelligence Rochester (IBM), and Claude Shannon (Bell Telephone Laboratories). -
The Future of AI
Seeing the forest for the trees, and the forests beyond The future of AI A report by the Deloitte AI Institute The question of whether a computer can think is no more interesting than the question of whether a submarine can swim. —Edsger W. Dijkstra, computer science pioneer 2 Contents 01 Everything and 03 The machines 06 Guardrails nothing at all (or, a technological 25 4 history of the future) 8 07 Conclusion 02 Something old, 29 somehow new 04 Us and the machines 6 (or, an anthropological history of the future) 14 05 Us as the machines (or, a biological history of the future) 20 3 Everything and nothing at all 01 As futurists, my team and I secretly And so, when tech headlines begin to Like any gold rush, there’s hope beneath the spend the lion’s share of our time increasingly read as breathless brochures hype. To be sure, there is plenty of actual 02 studying the past. I like to say that for Artificial Intelligence, we grey-hairs can’t gold afoot insofar as we’re seeing a genuine, we’re closet historians. Specifically, help but be reminded of a certain upstart evidence-based phase shift from AI as “cherry- 03 we research the history of various technology category some 20 years ago called on-top” curiosity to “key ingredient” at leading technologies and how they’ve impacted, “the world wide web.” organizations. 61 percent of respondents to or failed to impact, the way the world a recent Deloitte Insights report say AI will 04 works and lives. -
Deepfake Bot Submissions to Federal Public Comment Websites Cannot Be Distinguished from Human Submissions
Weiss M. Deepfake Bot Submissions to Federal Public Comment Websites Cannot Be Distinguished from Human Submissions. Technology Science. 2019121801. December 18, 2019. http://techscience.org/a/2019121801 Deepfake Bot Submissions to Federal Public Comment Websites Cannot Be Distinguished from Human Submissions Max Weiss Highlights • Publicly available artificial intelligence methods can generate an enormous volume of original, human speech-like topical text (“Deepfake Text”) that is not based on conventional search-and-replace patterns • I created a computer program (a bot) that generated and submitted 1,001 deepfake comments regarding a Medicaid reform waiver to a federal public comment website, stopping submission when these comments comprised more than half of all submitted comments. I then formally withdrew the bot comments • When humans were asked to classify a subset of the deepfake comments as human or bot submissions, the results were no better than would have been gotten by random guessing • Federal public comment websites currently are unable to detect Deepfake Text once submitted, but technological reforms (e.g., CAPTCHAs) can be implemented to help prevent massive numbers of submissions by bots Example Deepfake Text generated by the bot that all survey respondents thought was from a human. 1 Weiss M. Deepfake Bot Submissions to Federal Public Comment Websites Cannot Be Distinguished from Human Submissions. Technology Science. 2019121801. December 18, 2019. http://techscience.org/a/2019121801 Abstract The federal comment period is an important way that federal agencies incorporate public input into policy decisions. Now that comments are accepted online, public comment periods are vulnerable to attacks at Internet scale. For example, in 2017, more than 21 million (96% of the 22 million) public comments submitted regarding the FCC’s proposal to repeal net neutrality were discernible as being generated using search-and-replace techniques [1]. -
AI Testing - Testing AI-Based Systems (AIT – TAI)
Certified Tester AI Testing - Testing AI-Based Systems (AIT – TAI) Foundation Level Syllabus Version 2019 Korean Software Testing Qualifications Board Chinese Software Testing Qualifications Board Certified Tester – Foundation Level INTRODUCTION The testing of traditional systems is well-understood, but AI-Based systems, which are becoming more prevalent and critical to our daily lives, introduce new challenges. This syllabus covers the key concepts of Artificial Intelligence (AI), how we decide acceptance criteria and how we test AI-Based systems. These systems are typically complex (e.g. deep neural nets), based on big data, poorly specified and non- deterministic, which creates many new challenges and opportunities for testing them. This syllabus describes the requirements for a 2-day course to be followed by a 1-hour, closed book, multiple choice exam. In this document an AI-Based system is a system that includes at least one AI component. Throughout this document the acronym AI is used to represent the term ‘Artificial Intelligence’. BUSINESS OUTCOMES At the end of this course candidates will be able to: Understand the current state of AI and expected advances in the near future; Interpret and provide guidance on the specification of acceptance criteria for AI-Based systems; Contribute to the development process for machine learning systems and suggest opportunities for influencing their quality; Understand the new challenges of testing AI-Based systems, such as their complexity and non- determinism; Contribute to the test strategy for an AI-Based system; Apply black box and white box test design techniques to generate test suites for AI-Based systems; Recognize the need for virtual test environments to support the release of complex AI-Based systems; Understand the current state of testing supported by AI. -
The Future of AI: Opportunities and Challenges
The Future of AI: Opportunities and Challenges Puerto Rico, January 2-5, 2015 ! Ajay Agrawal is the Peter Munk Professor of Entrepreneurship at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management, Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, MA, Founder of the Creative Destruction Lab, and Co-founder of The Next 36. His research is focused on the economics of science and innovation. He serves on the editorial boards of Management Science, the Journal of Urban Economics, and The Strategic Management Journal. & Anthony Aguirre has worked on a wide variety of topics in theoretical cosmology, ranging from intergalactic dust to galaxy formation to gravity physics to the large-scale structure of inflationary universes and the arrow of time. He also has strong interest in science outreach, and has appeared in numerous science documentaries. He is a co-founder of the Foundational Questions Institute and the Future of Life Institute. & Geoff Anders is the founder of Leverage Research, a research institute that studies psychology, cognitive enhancement, scientific methodology, and the impact of technology on society. He is also a member of the Effective Altruism movement, a movement dedicated to improving the world in the most effective ways. Like many of the members of the Effective Altruism movement, Geoff is deeply interested in the potential impact of new technologies, especially artificial intelligence. & Blaise Agüera y Arcas works on machine learning at Google. Previously a Distinguished Engineer at Microsoft, he has worked on augmented reality, mapping, wearable computing and natural user interfaces. He was the co-creator of Photosynth, software that assembles photos into 3D environments. -
Beneficial AI 2017
Beneficial AI 2017 Participants & Attendees 1 Anthony Aguirre is a Professor of Physics at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He has worked on a wide variety of topics in theoretical cosmology and fundamental physics, including inflation, black holes, quantum theory, and information theory. He also has strong interest in science outreach, and has appeared in numerous science documentaries. He is a co-founder of the Future of Life Institute, the Foundational Questions Institute, and Metaculus (http://www.metaculus.com/). Sam Altman is president of Y Combinator and was the cofounder of Loopt, a location-based social networking app. He also co-founded OpenAI with Elon Musk. Sam has invested in over 1,000 companies. Dario Amodei is the co-author of the recent paper Concrete Problems in AI Safety, which outlines a pragmatic and empirical approach to making AI systems safe. Dario is currently a research scientist at OpenAI, and prior to that worked at Google and Baidu. Dario also helped to lead the project that developed Deep Speech 2, which was named one of 10 “Breakthrough Technologies of 2016” by MIT Technology Review. Dario holds a PhD in physics from Princeton University, where he was awarded the Hertz Foundation doctoral thesis prize. Amara Angelica is Research Director for Ray Kurzweil, responsible for books, charts, and special projects. Amara’s background is in aerospace engineering, in electronic warfare, electronic intelligence, human factors, and computer systems analysis areas. A co-founder and initial Academic Model/Curriculum Lead for Singularity University, she was formerly on the board of directors of the National Space Society, is a member of the Space Development Steering Committee, and is a professional member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). -
And Machines: a Classification for AI in Medicine (ADAM Framework)
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Future Healthcare Journal Vol 8 No 2 July 2021 DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY The automation of doctors and machines: A classification for AI in medicine (ADAM framework) Author: Fawz KazzaziA The advances in artificial intelligence (AI) provide an opportunity (AGI; also known as ‘strong’ or ‘true’ AI) refers to a machine with to expand the frontier of medicine to improve diagnosis, the ability to perform any intellectual task that a human could. efficiency and management. By extension of being able to When John Searle coined this term in 1980, it included attributes of perform any task that a human could, a machine that meets the consciousness, sentience and mind; however, the moral legitimacy requirements of artificial general intelligence (‘strong’ AI; AGI) of machines mimicking characteristics ordinarily attributed to ABSTRACT possesses the basic necessities to perform as, or at least qualify ‘personhood’ remains an active debate.3,4 to become, a doctor. In this emerging field, this article explores Yet, by extension of being able to perform any task that a human the distinctions between doctors and AGI, and the prerequisites could, a machine that meets the requirements of AGI possesses the for AGI performing as clinicians. In doing so, it necessitates the basic necessities to perform as, or at least to qualify to become, a requirement for a classification of medical AI and prepares for doctor. In this evolving fast-paced field, I explore the distinctions the development of AGI. With its imminent arrival, it is beneficial between doctors and AGI, and the emerging prerequisites for AGI to create a framework from which leading institutions can define performing as clinicians. -
Importance of Artificial Intelligence in India
Vol-7 Issue-1 2021 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 Importance of Artificial Intelligence In India Mamta Kesri ABSTRACT As machines become increasingly capable, tasks considered to require "intelligence" are often removed from the definition of AI, a phenomenon known as the AI effect. A quip in Tesler's Theorem says "AI is whatever hasn't been done yet." For instance, optical character recognition is frequently excluded from things considered to be AI, having become a routine technology. Modern machine capabilities generally classified as AI include successfully understanding human speech, competing at the highest level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go), autonomously operating cars, intelligent routing in content delivery networks, and military simulations. Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals, which involves consciousness and emotionality. The distinction between the former and the latter categories is often revealed by the acronym chosen. 'Strong' AI is usually labelled as AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) while attempts to emulate 'natural' intelligence have been called ABI (Artificial Biological Intelligence). Leading AI textbooks define the field as the study of "intelligent agents": any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of successfully achieving its goals. Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is often used to describe machines (or computers) that mimic "cognitive" functions that humans associate with the human mind, such as "learning" and "problem solving" KEYWORD- Artificial Intelligence, machine, learning, technology INTRODUCTIONS Artificial intelligence (AI), the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. -
Artificial Intelligence and the “Barrier” of Meaning Workshop Participants
Artificial Intelligence and the “Barrier” of Meaning Workshop Participants Alan Mackworth is a Professor of Computer Science at the University of British Columbia. He was educated at Toronto (B.A.Sc.), Harvard (A.M.) and Sussex (D.Phil.). He works on constraint-based artificial intelligence with applications in vision, robotics, situated agents, assistive technology and sustainability. He is known as a pioneer in the areas of constraint satisfaction, robot soccer, hybrid systems and constraint-based agents. He has authored over 130 papers and co-authored two books: Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach (1998) and Artificial Intelligence: Foundations of Computational Agents (2010; 2nd Ed. 2017). He served as the founding Director of the UBC Laboratory for Computational Intelligence and the President of AAAI and CAIAC. He is a Fellow of AAAI, CAIAC, CIFAR and the Royal Society of Canada. ***** Alison Gopnik is a professor of psychology and affiliate professor of philosophy at the University of California at Berkeley. She received her BA from McGill University and her PhD. from Oxford University. She is an internationally recognized leader in the study of children’s learning and development and introduced the idea that probabilistic models and Bayesian inference could be applied to children’s learning. She is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a fellow of the Cognitive Science Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She is the author or coauthor of over 100 journal articles and several books including “Words, thoughts and theories” MIT Press, 1997, and the bestselling and critically acclaimed popular books “The Scientist in the Crib” William Morrow, 1999, “The Philosophical Baby; What children’s minds tell us about love, truth and the meaning of life”, and “The Gardener and the Carpenter”, Farrar, Strauss and Giroux. -
Diplomacy in the Age of Artificial Intelligence EDA WORKING PAPER Dr
Diplomacy in the Age of Artificial Intelligence EDA WORKING PAPER Dr. Corneliu Bjola Head of the Oxford Digital Diplomacy Research Group January 2020 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Emirates Diplomatic Academy, an autonomous federal entity, or the UAE Government. Copyright: EmiratesDiplomatic Academy 2020. Image source: Shutterstock Photo, ID: 1013072284 The Emirates Diplomatic Academy (EDA) is an autonomous federal entity of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) delivering high-impact diplomatic training, and disseminating research and thought leadership that furthers the understanding of diplomacy and international relations. The EDA Working Papers are reviewed by at least two experts in the field to ensure high quality of the publication series. The views expressed in EDA Working Papers are solely those of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the EDA or the UAE Government. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational or non-profit purposes without alteration and prior written permission, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. No other use is permitted without the express prior written permission of the EDA. Emirates Diplomatic Academy Hamdan Bin Mohammed Street Al Hosn Palace District P.O. Box 35567 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates http://eda.ac.ae/ [email protected] © Copyright 2020 Emirates Diplomatic Academy. All rights reserved. Dr. Corneliu Bjola Head of the Oxford Digital Diplomacy Research Group Dr. Corneliu Bjola is Associate Professor in Diplomatic Studies at the University of Oxford and Head of the Oxford Digital Diplomacy Research Group.