The End of Humanity
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Artificial Intelligence? 1 V2.0 © J
TU Darmstadt, WS 2012/13 Einführung in die Künstliche Intelligenz Einführung in die Künstliche Intelligenz Dozenten Prof. Johannes Fürnkranz (Knowledge Engineering) Prof. Ulf Brefeld (Knowledge Mining and Assessment) Homepage http://www.ke.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/lehre/ki/ Termine: Dienstag 11:40-13:20 S202/C205 Donnerstag 11:40-13:20 S202/C205 3 VO + 1 UE Vorlesungen und Übungen werden in Doppelstunden abgehalten Übungen Terminplan wird auf der Web-Seite aktualisiert Ü voraussichtlich: 30.10., 13.11., 27.11., 11.12., 15.1., 29.1. Tafelübungen What is Artificial Intelligence? 1 V2.0 © J. Fürnkranz TU Darmstadt, WS 2012/13 Einführung in die Künstliche Intelligenz Text Book The course will mostly follow Stuart Russell und Peter Norvig: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Prentice Hall, 2nd edition, 2003. Deutsche Ausgabe: Stuart Russell und Peter Norvig: Künstliche Intelligenz: Ein Moderner Ansatz. Pearson- Studium, 2004. ISBN: 978-3-8273-7089-1. 3. Auflage 2012 Home-page for the book: http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/ Course slides in English (lecture is in German) will be availabe from Home-page What is Artificial Intelligence? 2 V2.0 © J. Fürnkranz TU Darmstadt, WS 2012/13 Einführung in die Künstliche Intelligenz What is Artificial Intelligence Different definitions due to different criteria Two dimensions: Thought processes/reasoning vs. behavior/action Success according to human standards vs. success according to an ideal concept of intelligence: rationality. Systems that think like humans Systems that think rationally Systems that act like humans Systems that act rationally What is Artificial Intelligence? 3 V2.0 © J. Fürnkranz TU Darmstadt, WS 2012/13 Einführung in die Künstliche Intelligenz Definitions of Artificial Intelligence What is Artificial Intelligence? 4 V2.0 © J. -
The Machine That Builds Itself: How the Strengths of Lisp Family
Khomtchouk et al. OPINION NOTE The Machine that Builds Itself: How the Strengths of Lisp Family Languages Facilitate Building Complex and Flexible Bioinformatic Models Bohdan B. Khomtchouk1*, Edmund Weitz2 and Claes Wahlestedt1 *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 1Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of We address the need for expanding the presence of the Lisp family of Psychiatry and Behavioral programming languages in bioinformatics and computational biology research. Sciences, University of Miami Languages of this family, like Common Lisp, Scheme, or Clojure, facilitate the Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th ST, Miami, FL, USA creation of powerful and flexible software models that are required for complex 33136 and rapidly evolving domains like biology. We will point out several important key Full list of author information is features that distinguish languages of the Lisp family from other programming available at the end of the article languages and we will explain how these features can aid researchers in becoming more productive and creating better code. We will also show how these features make these languages ideal tools for artificial intelligence and machine learning applications. We will specifically stress the advantages of domain-specific languages (DSL): languages which are specialized to a particular area and thus not only facilitate easier research problem formulation, but also aid in the establishment of standards and best programming practices as applied to the specific research field at hand. DSLs are particularly easy to build in Common Lisp, the most comprehensive Lisp dialect, which is commonly referred to as the “programmable programming language.” We are convinced that Lisp grants programmers unprecedented power to build increasingly sophisticated artificial intelligence systems that may ultimately transform machine learning and AI research in bioinformatics and computational biology. -
Backpropagation with Callbacks
Backpropagation with Continuation Callbacks: Foundations for Efficient and Expressive Differentiable Programming Fei Wang James Decker Purdue University Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47906 West Lafayette, IN 47906 [email protected] [email protected] Xilun Wu Grégory Essertel Tiark Rompf Purdue University Purdue University Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47906 West Lafayette, IN, 47906 West Lafayette, IN, 47906 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Training of deep learning models depends on gradient descent and end-to-end differentiation. Under the slogan of differentiable programming, there is an increas- ing demand for efficient automatic gradient computation for emerging network architectures that incorporate dynamic control flow, especially in NLP. In this paper we propose an implementation of backpropagation using functions with callbacks, where the forward pass is executed as a sequence of function calls, and the backward pass as a corresponding sequence of function returns. A key realization is that this technique of chaining callbacks is well known in the programming languages community as continuation-passing style (CPS). Any program can be converted to this form using standard techniques, and hence, any program can be mechanically converted to compute gradients. Our approach achieves the same flexibility as other reverse-mode automatic differ- entiation (AD) techniques, but it can be implemented without any auxiliary data structures besides the function call stack, and it can easily be combined with graph construction and native code generation techniques through forms of multi-stage programming, leading to a highly efficient implementation that combines the per- formance benefits of define-then-run software frameworks such as TensorFlow with the expressiveness of define-by-run frameworks such as PyTorch. -
Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artijcial Intelligence: a Modem Approach *
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Artificial Intelligence ELSEVIER Artificial Intelligence 82 ( 1996) 369-380 Book Review Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artijcial Intelligence: A Modem Approach * Nils J. Nilsson Robotics Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 1. Introductory remarks I am obliged to begin this review by confessing a conflict of interest: I am a founding director and a stockholder of a publishing company that competes with the publisher of this book, and I am in the process of writing another textbook on AI. What if Russell and Norvig’s book turns out to be outstanding? Well, it did! Its descriptions are extremely clear and readable; its organization is excellent; its examples are motivating; and its coverage is scholarly and thorough! End of review? No; we will go on for some pages-although not for as many as did Russell and Norvig. In their Preface (p. vii), the authors mention five distinguishing features of their book: Unified presentation of the field, Intelligent agent design, Comprehensive and up-to-date coverage, Equal emphasis on theory and practice, and Understanding through implementation. These features do indeed distinguish the book. I begin by making a few brief, summary comments using the authors’ own criteria as a guide. l Unified presentation of the field and Intelligent agent design. I have previously observed that just as Los Angeles has been called “twelve suburbs in search of a city”, AI might be called “twelve topics in search of a subject”. -
Transcript of the Highlights of Elon Musk's
Powered by What do electric cars have in common with life on Mars? One man — Elon Musk. This multitalented inventor founded SpaceX, a company that develops and manufactures space vehicles, and Tesla Motors, which produces 100% electricity-powered luxury roadsters. How does one person balance diverse interests and manage successful endeavors in space technology, sustainable energy and the Internet? From his early days teaching himself to program computers, learn how Elon Musk has worked to improve the quality of life for everyone through technology. Powered by Elon Musk - www.OnInnovation.com In Thomas Edison’s Menlo Park complex, the machine shop served as a bridge between two worlds. One was a world of practicality — advancing the creation of Edison’s most commercially successful inventions. The other, a world of experimentation — exploring what was possible. A similar integration of experiment and practicality exists in Hawthorne, California, at a company known as SpaceX. Its business is developing rockets that place commercial satellites in orbit. But SpaceX has broader ambitions: creating technologically astounding rockets that, at some point in the future, could carry manned missions to Mars. At the helm of SpaceX is, an individual who came to prominence in the creation of PayPal . who is Chairman and CEO of the electric sports car manufacturer Tesla Motors . and who has a passion for doing things others only dream about. Bottom:The second floor of Thomas Edison’s Menlo Park Laboratory (lower right) in Greenfield Village served as the center of the experimental process. New ideas and solutions were developed and tested here. Edison inventions and patent models (left) were displayed in the laboratory as a reminder of Edison’s ingenuity. -
1 This Is a Pre-Production Postprint of the Manuscript Published in Final Form As Emily K. Crandall, Rachel H. Brown, and John M
Magicians of the Twenty-first Century: Enchantment, Domination, and the Politics of Work in Silicon Valley Item Type Article Authors Crandall, Emily K.; Brown, Rachel H.; McMahon, John Citation Crandall, Emily K., Rachel H. Brown, and John McMahon. 2021. “Magicians of the Twenty-First Century: Enchantment, Domination, and the Politics of Work in Silicon Valley.” Theory & Event 24(3): 841–73. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/797952 (July 28, 2021). DOI 10.1353/tae.2021.0045 Publisher Project Muse Download date 27/09/2021 11:51:24 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/1921 This is a pre-production postprint of the manuscript published in final form as Emily K. Crandall, Rachel H. Brown, and John McMahon, “Magicians of the Twenty-first Century: Enchantment, Domination, and the Politics of Work in Silicon Valley,” Theory & Event 24 (3): 841-873. Magicians of the Twenty-first Century: Enchantment, Domination, and the Politics of Work in Silicon Valley Emily K. Crandall, Rachel H. Brown, John McMahon Abstract What is the political theorist to make of self-characterizations of Silicon Valley as the beacon of civilization-saving innovation? Through an analysis of “tech bro” masculinity and the closely related discourses of tech icons Elon Musk and Peter Thiel, we argue that undergirding Silicon Valley’s technological utopia is an exploitative work ethic revamped for the industry's innovative ethos. On the one hand, Silicon Valley hypothetically offers a creative response to what Max Weber describes as the disenchantment of the modern world. Simultaneously, it depoliticizes the actual work necessary for these dreams to be realized, mystifying its modes of domination. -
The Time for a National Study on AI Is NOW
The Time For a National Study On AI is NOW Subscribe Past Issues Translate RSS View this email in your browser "I think we should be very careful about artificial intelligence. If I were to guess at what our biggest existential threat is, it’s probably that. With artificial intelligence, we are summoning the demon." Elon Musk, CEO, Tesla Motors & SpaceX ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE STUDY: AI TODAY, AI TOMORROW We are following up on our last message about a proposed National Study on Artificial Intelligence. We very much appreciate the responses and encouragement we have received, and welcome input and questions from any League and/or its members on this subject. http://mailchi.mp/35a449e1979f/the-time-for-a-national-study-on-ai-is-now?e=[UNIQID][12/20/2017 6:29:08 PM] The Time For a National Study On AI is NOW We believe that the pace of development of AI and the implications of its advancement make this an extremely timely subject. AI is becoming an important part of our society - from medical uses to transportation to banking to national defense. Putting off this study will put us behind in the progress being made in AI. We again request that your League consider supporting this study at your program planning meeting. The reason to propose this study now is because there are currently no positions that address many of the issues that fall under the umbrella of this relatively new and powerful technology. For several years now private groups and even countries (like Russia, China and Korea) have made it a priority to develop mechanical brains/computers that can function intelligently http://mailchi.mp/35a449e1979f/the-time-for-a-national-study-on-ai-is-now?e=[UNIQID][12/20/2017 6:29:08 PM] The Time For a National Study On AI is NOW and command robots or other machines to perform some task. -
Deepfake Bot Submissions to Federal Public Comment Websites Cannot Be Distinguished from Human Submissions
Weiss M. Deepfake Bot Submissions to Federal Public Comment Websites Cannot Be Distinguished from Human Submissions. Technology Science. 2019121801. December 18, 2019. http://techscience.org/a/2019121801 Deepfake Bot Submissions to Federal Public Comment Websites Cannot Be Distinguished from Human Submissions Max Weiss Highlights • Publicly available artificial intelligence methods can generate an enormous volume of original, human speech-like topical text (“Deepfake Text”) that is not based on conventional search-and-replace patterns • I created a computer program (a bot) that generated and submitted 1,001 deepfake comments regarding a Medicaid reform waiver to a federal public comment website, stopping submission when these comments comprised more than half of all submitted comments. I then formally withdrew the bot comments • When humans were asked to classify a subset of the deepfake comments as human or bot submissions, the results were no better than would have been gotten by random guessing • Federal public comment websites currently are unable to detect Deepfake Text once submitted, but technological reforms (e.g., CAPTCHAs) can be implemented to help prevent massive numbers of submissions by bots Example Deepfake Text generated by the bot that all survey respondents thought was from a human. 1 Weiss M. Deepfake Bot Submissions to Federal Public Comment Websites Cannot Be Distinguished from Human Submissions. Technology Science. 2019121801. December 18, 2019. http://techscience.org/a/2019121801 Abstract The federal comment period is an important way that federal agencies incorporate public input into policy decisions. Now that comments are accepted online, public comment periods are vulnerable to attacks at Internet scale. For example, in 2017, more than 21 million (96% of the 22 million) public comments submitted regarding the FCC’s proposal to repeal net neutrality were discernible as being generated using search-and-replace techniques [1]. -
The Dartmouth College Artificial Intelligence Conference: the Next
AI Magazine Volume 27 Number 4 (2006) (© AAAI) Reports continued this earlier work because he became convinced that advances The Dartmouth College could be made with other approaches using computers. Minsky expressed the concern that too many in AI today Artificial Intelligence try to do what is popular and publish only successes. He argued that AI can never be a science until it publishes what fails as well as what succeeds. Conference: Oliver Selfridge highlighted the im- portance of many related areas of re- search before and after the 1956 sum- The Next mer project that helped to propel AI as a field. The development of improved languages and machines was essential. Fifty Years He offered tribute to many early pio- neering activities such as J. C. R. Lick- leiter developing time-sharing, Nat Rochester designing IBM computers, and Frank Rosenblatt working with James Moor perceptrons. Trenchard More was sent to the summer project for two separate weeks by the University of Rochester. Some of the best notes describing the AI project were taken by More, al- though ironically he admitted that he ■ The Dartmouth College Artificial Intelli- Marvin Minsky, Claude Shannon, and never liked the use of “artificial” or gence Conference: The Next 50 Years Nathaniel Rochester for the 1956 “intelligence” as terms for the field. (AI@50) took place July 13–15, 2006. The event, McCarthy wanted, as he ex- Ray Solomonoff said he went to the conference had three objectives: to cele- plained at AI@50, “to nail the flag to brate the Dartmouth Summer Research summer project hoping to convince the mast.” McCarthy is credited for Project, which occurred in 1956; to as- everyone of the importance of ma- coining the phrase “artificial intelli- sess how far AI has progressed; and to chine learning. -
BILLIONAIRE PANDEMIC WEALTH GAINS of 55%, OR $1.6 TRILLION, COME AMID THREE DECADES of RAPID WEALTH GROWTH April 15, 2021
BILLIONAIRE PANDEMIC WEALTH GAINS OF 55%, OR $1.6 TRILLION, COME AMID THREE DECADES OF RAPID WEALTH GROWTH April 15, 2021 Whether measured over 13 months or 31 years, the growth of U.S. billionaire wealth is both astounding and troubling based on Forbes data as of April 12, 2021. Billionaire wealth growth has perversely accelerated over the 13 months of global pandemic. But the piling up of fortunes at the top has proceeded at a rapid clip for decades even as the net worth of working Americans lagged and public services deteriorated. Tax reforms of the type proposed by President Biden would begin to reverse these damaging trends. GROWTH OF BILLIONAIRE WEALTH DURING THE FIRST-THREE MONTHS OF THE PANDEMIC Between March 18, 2020, and April 12, 2021,the collective wealth of American billionaires leapt by $1.62 trillion, or 55%, from $2.95 trillion to $4.56 trillion. [See data table here]. That increase in billionaire wealth alone could pay for nearly 70% of the 10-year, $2.3 trillion cost of President Biden’s proposed jobs and infrastructure plan—the American Jobs Plan. As of April 12, there were six American “centi-billionaires”—individuals each worth at least $100 billion [see table below]. That’s bigger than the size of the economy of each of 13 of the nation’s states. Here’s how the wealth of these ultra-billionaires grew during the pandemic: ● Amazon’s Jeff Bezos, almost a “double-centi-billionaire” with a net worth of nearly $197 billion, is up 74% over the last 13 months. -
Artificial Intelligence: a Modern Approach (3Rd Edition)
[PDF] Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) Stuart Russell, Peter Norvig - pdf download free book Free Download Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) Ebooks Stuart Russell, Peter Norvig, PDF Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) Popular Download, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) Full Collection, Read Best Book Online Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition), Free Download Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) Full Popular Stuart Russell, Peter Norvig, I Was So Mad Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) Stuart Russell, Peter Norvig Ebook Download, PDF Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) Full Collection, full book Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition), online pdf Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition), Download Free Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) Book, pdf Stuart Russell, Peter Norvig Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition), the book Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition), Download Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) E-Books, Read Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) Book Free, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) PDF read online, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) Ebooks, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) Popular Download, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) Free Download, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) Books Online, Free Download Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) Books [E-BOOK] Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) Full eBook, CLICK HERE FOR DOWNLOAD The dorian pencil novels at the end of each chapter featured charts. makes us the meaning of how our trip and unk goes into trouble with others like land. -
The Prophetic Rhetoric of Nick Bostrom and Elon Musk in the Artificial Intelligence Debate
EXPERTISE, ETHOS, AND ETHICS: THE PROPHETIC RHETORIC OF NICK BOSTROM AND ELON MUSK IN THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DEBATE BY CAITLIN R. KIRBY A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MA Communication May, 2019 Winston-Salem, North Carolina Approved By: Ron L Von Burg, PhD, Advisor Rebecca E Gill, PhD, Chair Lynda Walsh, PhD Dedications and Acknowledgements I first want to thank my parents for being supportive no matter what I do, and while it seems somewhat trivial, your encouragement has meant the world to me and helped me decide where to go in the world. Thank you to my brother Matt, who keeps me up to date with all the “in” slang which I always use ironically. But also for your late night encouragement Snapchats. Thank you to Nick for weathering the ups and downs of grad school with me, while also completing your own degree. Our phone calls get me through the day. Thank you to Dr. Ron Von Burg for helping me through “this.” You have been an excellent advisor and mentor during my time at Wake Forest, and though I am biased, your classes have been some of my favorite because the give me the excuse to be a nerd in a formal setting. Thank you to Dr. Rebecca Gill for being not only a committee member, but also an important line of support in the last year. Thank you to Dr. Lynda Walsh for serving on my committee and providing so much support and feedback for a student that you have never met in person.