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Explorers EDUCATION MAGAZINE on the Follow the footprints of great explorers into the heart of the National Library of EDGE 2 © Na tional Library of Australia

CONTENTS GREGRE AT AT SOUTHSOUTH E E RN RN LL A A ND ND Great Sout h ern Lan d ...... 2 Hi , I’m t he Lib rary Li zard. Fol l ow me t o fin d fun stuff to do S ailing t h e High S eas ...... 4 in t his n ewspap er an d in t he C aptain Jame s Cook Na tion al Lib rary. K ay Cottee Ter ra Australis bo ard game ...... 7 Lan dlo cked...... 8 Bur ke and Wills High-F l y ers ...... 10 C harle s K ingsf ord Smith Nancy Bir d Walton P aul S cully- Power Tri als o f En duran ce ...... 12 Frank Hurley Follow t h e fo otp rints o f great exp lorers . . . . 1 4 into t h e h eart o f t h e Li brary’s collectio ns Mapping T ime — T he Maps Collec tion Rec ording Australia’s Jour ney — T he Manus cripts Collec tion E ye Spy Adventur e — T he Pic tur e s Collec tion Music of Dis c overy — T he Music Collec tion Educatio n S ervices ...... 16 This is a Fr e n c h m a p t h a t Cook took wit h him o n boa r d Re s our c es f or teachers t h e E n dea v ou r. nl a.m a p-t1002 T he website C om pa r e i t to C oo k’s m a p o n pa g e 5. nl a.m a p-r m201 J ames C o ok chart e d the e ast ern co ast of ‘N ew ’ on his firs t voyage to the Pacific, and name d it ‘N ew South Wales ’. F rom that time Austr alia had two names: Acknowledgements the e ast ern p art was calle d N ew South Wales and the Thanks are du e to the f o llowing peo p le f o r t heir assistance in wes t ern p art N ew Holland . co mp iling t his publication : Lyn Ad ams, M argaret As tb ury, Sy l v ia Carr, D amian C o le , St ephanie Green, Gunt her Gles ti , If yo u di s covered an unknown landmas s Shirley G o llings, J enny Ha dlow, Susan H all , Nicholas Henderso n , w hat nam e wo uld yo u gi ve it? Ro byn H o lmes, Andrew Ho lmes, Fiona H ooton , Karen Jo hnso n , Tim J o nes, Lo uise O ’ Brien, Gr aeme Powell , H eidi P rit chard, Glen Timeline N a gle (M ana g er Edu cation and O utreach , Canberr a Deep Space C o mmunication C o mp lex), Judit h Ro bertso n , Nick i M ackay-Sim Abo ut 110 million ye ars a go Abo ut 65 million ye ars ago and H elen Tsog as. Din osau rs r oa m th e Ea rth. A u strali a i s j o in ed Din osau rs di e ou t a c r oss th e gl obe. Designed by Kat hryn Wright Design wi th A fr i ca, I n di a, Anta r cti ca, a n d Sou th Am e r i ca a s th e gr eat Libr ary Lizard illus t r ations by Brett Butler sou th e r n contin e nt of Gon d w a n a. 3 GREATGREAT SOUTHERNSOUTHERN LANDLAND

i st o r i a n s a n d a r c h a eo l ogi sts a r e st ill d e bat in g w h e n t h e fi rst A u st rali a n s r ea c h ed o u r s h o r e b u t i t i s g e n e rally be li eved t o be o ve r 50 000 yea rs a g o. A bo r i gin al peopl e lived a n d h u nted fo r Hce nt u r i es on t h e cont in e nt n o w kn o w n a s A u st rali a, b u t t h ey w e r e n o t al on e. I n d on es i a n s fr om Ma ca ssa r r egul a r ly sail ed t o n o rt h e r n A u st rali a t o fi s h fo r t r e pa n g (sea c u c u m be rs). Th ey set u p ca m p a n d lived wi t h t h e I n di g e n o u s peopl es fo r a fe w m ont h s befo r e r et u r nin g h om e w h e n t h e win d s w e r e fa v o u ra b l e. I t w a s m a n y ce nt u r i es befo r e o t h e rs w h o lived in t h e n o rt h e r n h e mi s ph e r e wo ul d h ea r w hi s pe rs a bo u t a va st a n d m yste r i o u s l a n d m a ss in t h e so u t h e r n h e mi s ph e r e.

De pe n din g o n wh e re y o u we re fro m in E uro pe , t h e mys te r io u s lan dm a ss might be call ed: So ut hlan d , H o ll a n di a N o v a , N ew H o llan d o r Niew H o llan d t, N ew So ut h Wal es, G re a t So ut h e r n Lan d o r Terra A us t ralis. Th e An c ie nt G ree ks we re t h e firs t t o s up po se t ha t a lan dm a ss ex is ted in t h e so ut h e r n h e mis p h e re , an d nam ed it t h e U nkn own So ut h Lan d. La te r m ap m ake rs u sed t h e La t in nam e Ter ra A us t ralis I n co g nit a (U nkn own So ut h Lan d).

Th e fi rst E u r opea n s r ea c h ed t h e coa st in 1606. Lookin g fo r g o l d o r t ra d e oppo rt u ni t i es, t h e s m all Du t c h s hip t h e Du yfke n, u n d e r t h e com m a n d o f W ill e m Ja n sz, ve nt u r ed so u t h-ea st. Th e Du t c h di d n o t fi n d g o l d, b u t t h ey di d fi n d t h e n o rt h e r n coa st o f a hug e cont in e nt: A u st rali a. Ca p tain Ja n sz w a s t h e fi rst E u r opea n t o m a p a n d r eco r d A u st rali a, so t h e Du yfke n’ s v o ya g e m a r ks t h e begin nin g o f A u st rali a’ s r eco r d ed hi st o ry. Th is map from 1593 shows East New Gu inea, the and the imaginary coast of Australia including myth ical beasts. A nu m be r o f o t h e r Du t c h n a vi g at o rs l ate r ‘ b u m ped ’ int o t h e n o rt h e r n, n la.map-rm389 w este r n, a n d so u t h e r n coa sts o f w h at t h ey r efe r r ed t o a s t h e So u t hl a n d A bo r i gin al peopl es a n d w hi te expl o r e rs s h a r ed o r Zui d La n d t in Du t c h. Th e Du t c h n a vi g at o r A be l Ta s m a n i s be li eved t o a fra gil e r e l at i on s hip fi ll ed wi t h te n s i on s a n d h a ve u sed t h e n a m e H o l l a n d i a Nova o r ‘Ne w H o ll a n d ’ w h e n r eco r din g t h e mi s u n d e rsta n din g s. Fo r A bo r i gin al peopl es, A u st rali a n coa st lin e. He vi s i ted twi ce: t h e fi rst t im e h e m a d e t h e ea r li est e n co u nte rs wi t h w hi te expl o r e rs l ed t o int r od u ct i on s E u r opea n di sco ve ry o f V a n D i e m e n’ s La n d (Ta s m a ni a), a n d t h e secon d t o u n kn o w n a nim al s, ob j ects, c l o t h es—a n d di sea ses. t im e h e c h a rted sect i on s o f t h e n o rt h e r n a n d w este r n coa st lin es. Som et im es A bo r i gin al peopl e r ece ived b l a n kets, ax es o r t oba cco a s gi fts in ex c h a n g e fo r vi tal info r m at i on a bo u t t h e l a n d a n d i ts r eso u r ces. W hi te expl o r e rs u sed w este r n sc i e nt i fi c pr in c ipl es t o vi e w, m ea s u r e a n d m a p t h e l a n d. Th e expl o r e rs be li eved t h ey w e r e ope nin g u p co u nt ry fo r fu t u r e g e n e rat i on s. Yet t h e pat h s t h ey fo ll o w ed w e r e alr ea dy w e ll wo r n b y t h e I t w a s Matt h e w Flin d e rs w h o A bo r i gin al peopl es w h ose l ocal kn o wl ed g e h e lped fi n ally pu t all t h e pu zz lin g p i eces t h e m on t h e ir w a y. Ma n y o f t h ese pat h s h a ve s in ce o f t h e m a p t og et h e r w h e n h e becom e som e o f A u st rali a’ s m aj o r hi g hw a ys. c h a rted sect i on s o f t h e so u t h e r n coa st. Flin d e rs w a s t h e fi rst t o sail com pl ete ly a r o u n d, o r Flin d e rs pr o ved t h at bo t h Ne w So u t h Wal es a n d c ir c u m n a vi g ate , A u st rali a. Flin d e rs Ne w H o ll a n d w e r e pa rt o f on e cont in e nt. Th e n a m e in hi s j o u r n al s r efe r r ed t o t h e l a n d ‘A u st rali a’ w a s fi n ally a d op ted d u r in g La c hl a n a s Te r r a A u st r a l i s, b u t wr o te h e Ma cq u a r i e’ s te r m a s Go ve r n o r o f t h e B r i t i s h co l on y wo ul d h a ve pr efe r r ed t o call i t o f Ne w So u t h Wal es (1810–18 21). Flinders ’ chart of Australia. ‘A u st rali a’. n la.map- t5 70

Abou t 55 milli on year s ago Abou t 45 milli on year s ago Abou t 5 0 0 0 0 year s ago Abou t 45 0 0 0 year s ago

Gondwana has begun to break up. Austral ia has brok en a way Humans begi n to colon ise Austral ia. Most of Austral ia ’s mega fauna— Austral ia is sti l l joi ned with An tarctica. on its own. such as the 200kg kangaroo and gian t pengui n—are exti nct. 4 A ILI SS SSA ILINNGG TT SEEAA (1728-1779) H CAPTAIN HEE HIIGGHH S National of Library Australia Plotting Uncharted Waters H ©

n 1768, 94 men with cows and chickens, a goat and two Idogs departed on a sea journey to visit remote lands and people, on an epic voyage of discovery. James Cook and his crew on board the Endeavour were sent to Tahiti to view the passing of the planet Venus but were also given secret instructions to search for the mythical southern Incognita (Unknown South Land).

Portrait of James Cook. Cook’s nla.pic-an2291508 secret instructions “...You are to proceed to the Southward in order to make Disaster Struck! discovery of the Continent abovementioned until you While charting the coast of north-eastern arrive in the Latitude of 40°, unless you sooner fall in Australia, disaster struck! On 11 June 1770, the with it. But not having discover’d it or any Evident sign Endeavour hit the Great Barrier Reef. of it in that Run you are to proceed in search of it to The crew worked frantically to lighten the ship. the Westward between the Latitude beforementioned Many items, such as carriage guns, iron and stone and the Latitude of 35° until you discover it, or fall ballast casks, oil jars and decayed provisions had to in with the Eastern side of the Land discover’d by be thrown overboard to lighten the ship and allow and now called New Zeland.” it to float off the reef. Pumps were used to remove (Transcript of secret instructions shown left.) water coming in through the damaged timbers, and still more things were thrown overboard.

Though Cook found no southern continent, he proceeded to chart By the evening of the following day, Cook knew both the main islands of before continuing west. that their situation was serious and it was at In 1770, the crew sighted land—it was the east coast of Australia. around 10.20pm that they ‘hove her a float and Turning north, Cook began to chart Australia’s east coast. into deep water’. (Journal, 12 June 1770). A heavy sail was drawn under the bottom of the ship to slow the water rushing in, then it took several days to find a safe anchorage in a bay with a river. Cook named this the Endeavour River, after his ship, and the town at that site is now known as Cooktown.

William Byrne’s picture, painted in 1773, shows the Endeavour being repaired after it The journal kept by Captain Cook on board his ship was damaged on the Great Barrier Reef. Endeavour, photographed on a desk believed to have been nla.pic-an9184938 used by Cook on the ship.

About 20 000 years ago Ab o ut 10 000 y e ars a g o About 8 000 years ago About 5 000 years ago 16 06 1616 1619 162 3 1627 Aboriginal communities have A u s t r ali a h a s n e a r l y r e a c h e d i ts c u r r e nt Rising sea levels cut off the land bridge The dingo arrives in Australia. D u t c h m a n W ill e m J a n sz ex p l o r e s D ir c k H a rt o g l a n d s o n F r e d e r ik d e H o u t m a n c h a rts J a n C a r s t e n sz sail s al o n g t h e P i e t e r N u yts c h a rts been established throughout p o s i t i o n o n t h e gl o b e , a n d t h e p r e s e nt between Australia and Papua , t h e w e s t c o a s t o f C a p e Yo r k D ir c k H a rt o g I s l a n d t h e s o u t h - w e s t c o a s t o f C a p e Yo r k P e nin s ul a a n d k i d n a p s t h e s o u t h e r n c o a s t and c lim at e i s e s t a b li s h e d . T h e l a n d b r i d g e forming the Torres P e nin s ul a . S p a ni a r d L u i s V a e z D e o n t h e w e s t c o a s t o f We s t e r n A u s t r ali a . a l o c al A b o r i gin al m a n . f r o m C a p e L e e u win t o t h e (part of which is b e tw e e n t h e m ainl a n d a n d Ta s m a ni a i s Strait Islands. To r r e s sail s t h r o u g h t h e To r r e s St r ai t. A u s t r ali a . N u yts A r c hip e l a g o . still covered by ice). a g ain c o v e r e d b y t h e s e a . 5 This information has been taken from Cook’s own journal made during his voyage. The Endeavour Journal is in the collection at the National Library. His journal can now be viewed SS on the National Library’s website http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-msl. SSAAIILLIINN A You can also find out more about what happened to Cook and his GG TT SEE A men by following these links: HH S Cook’s Endeavour Journal E H Cook and Omai E G H www.nla.gov.au/pub/endeavour/ HHIIG www.nla.gov.au/exhibitions/omai/ Compare Cook’s journal of the voyage with those of On 22 June the ship was examined and a large piece of coral his fellow travellers http://southseas.nla.gov.au/ rock was found sticking into the hull. After checking for further damage, the carpenters went to work while the blacksmiths were busy making bolts and nails. The carpenters could only work Listen to songs and music about Cook. Find the MusicAustralia website while the tide was out, otherwise they would drown. www.musicaustralia.org/ and search under Cook.

Turtle catching on land, by M. Dubourg, 1880s. nla.pic-an8936147

Cook’s diary records differences in cultural attitudes towards gathering food between Aboriginal peoples and Europeans. One example occurred the first time that a group of Aboriginal men went aboard the Endeavour. On the ship’s deck they saw marine turtles that Cook’s crew had captured for food. This offended the Aboriginal men. Turtles hold special social and cultural significance for the Aboriginal people of the Great Barrier Reef. Today this is recognised in the management of this World Heritage Area Disaster Struck! where turtles and dugongs are now both protected species. Permits to hunt turtles or dugongs are only provided to traditional Aboriginal hunters in recognition of this essential aspect of their culture. In 1770, the crew of the Endeavour could not understand In August 1770, the crew of the Endeavour why the Aboriginal people would not left their temporary camp and continued accept an offer of bread instead of the their voyage northwards. The ship’s turtles, and a skirmish resulted. pinnace (small boat) slowly searched for a way through the reefs, avoiding the shallow waters.

It was at Endeavour River R e wri te this s to ry that Cook and his crew of the shi p wr ec k first saw a kangaroo. The on the r eef as if you crew shot and ate one, and w e r e a ne w s pape r Cook thought the taste was journalis t. H o w ‘excellent’. w oul d you pr esent the i n for mat ion?

An illustration of a kangaroo published in Cook’s journal. [1773]. nla pic-an 7946248

Portion of a chart made by Captain Cook, 1780. This map shows the results W ha t w oul d you pac k if you w e r e of Cook’s in the going on a long sea journey? South Pacific, with New Zealand and the east coast of Australia now fully mapped. If Captain Cook shoul d come bac k to lif e, nla.map-rm201 (detail) wha t q ues tion w oul d you ask him ?

1606 16 16 16 1 9 16 23 16 27 Dutchman Willem Jansz explores Dirck Hartog lands on Frederik de Houtman charts Jan Carstensz sails along the Pieter Nuyts charts the west coast of Cape York Dirck Hartog Island the south-west coast of Cape York Peninsula and kidnaps the southern coast Peninsula. Spaniard Luis Vaez De on the west coast of . a local Aboriginal man. from Cape Leeuwin to the Torres sails through the . Australia. Nuyts Archipelago. 6 © Na tional Library of Australia H SE HHIIGGH SEAASS HHEE erra Australis S GG TT KAY COTTEE (b or n 195 4) T SAAIILLIINN Journeys of Self-Discovery

Make an origami boat...

ay Cottee is a modern Australian adventurer You will ne ed: one squ are pi e ce of paper Kand sailor. She wanted to become the first Fold your paper along the fold lines in the following woman to sail alone, non-stop and unassisted, diagr ams to make your own boat. around the world. On 29 November 1987, in her yacht First Lady, she set sail from Sydney with only her teddy bear for company. For a large part 1 of the 189 days at sea, Kay did not sight land or any other human beings. 2 C over of Kay C ottee’s book: First Lady, A hi story-ma king solo voyage Make two fold lines a r ou nd the world. C ourtesy of Mac mi l l a n E d u ca tion Au str a l ia horizontally and vertically Unlike C o ok’s Endea v our, Firs t L ady 3 was well e quip pe d with modern communications sys t ems and Kay was able to keep in touch with famil y, Eventually she did run into some massive Make two diagonal f riends and other ship s and to re cei v e fold lines reports on we ather conditions. The storms, some lasting for days, with we ather reports, while not always mountainous seas up to 33 metres high. reliable, did allow her to slip safel y During these challenging times she slept for Fold all corners into the centre around the notorious only very short periods. Even in good weather, 4 when sailing in busy shipping lanes Kay had be tween two large s torms. Fold two centre to wake herself to regularly check the radar, points outwards as it takes only about 20 minutes between the appearance of a vessel on the horizon Kay tried to be positive at C all times, and really enjoyed and a head-on collision. There were several near misses. Kay kept to a routine as much 5 the special circumstances of Fold in half so A B sailing alone. as possible and made time for hobbies and that A and B meet. reading. Alfalfa sprouts were her only regular Then bring C and D together. fresh food source. A ‘chocaholic’, she once D had chocolate for three meals in a row. It was one of the few times she was ill. 6 Ka y grew alfalfa sprouts as her only s ource of fresh food. Thi s enab l ed her to finished! On 5 June 1988 she achieved her goal to avoid getting an illnes s c all ed scurvy. become the first woman to sail alone, non- Fold bottom of boat under What did Captain Coo k and hi s crew stop and unassisted, around the world. u s e to avoid getting s curvy ? Why were Briti sh sailor s c all ed limeys?

Using an , can you find the five southernmost capes that First Lady sailed past? They are: South-West Cape (Stewart Island, New Zealand), Cape Horn, , Cape Leeuwin, South-East Cape (Tasmania).

164 2 1644 1688 1770 1788 Du tc h expl or e r Abe l Ta sm a n c h a rts Th e E n gli sh pirate Willi a m Da m pi e r Ca p tain Ja m es Cook c h a rts Th e First Fleet a r r ives at Abe l Ta sm a n l a n d s th e n orth coa st fr om vi s i ts Ca pe Sou n d. He m a kes th e ea st coa st o f A u strali a a n d Bo ta n y Ba y. in Ta sm a ni a w hi c h h e n a m es Ca pe Yor k Pe nin s ul a t o m a n y n o tes on th e n ative flora, c l aim s th e l a n d for B r i tain. “V a n Di e m e n’s La n d ”. Weste r n A u strali a. fau n a, a n d people. 7 H SE HHIIGGH SEAASS H EE rra Australi S GG TTH Te s SAAIILLIINN A BOARD GAME OF AUSTRALIAN EXPLORATION

16 17 20 Nancy Bi rd W a lton flies Pau l Scu l ly-Power nurses i nto the outback returns as the first for Far W est Ch i ldren ’s Burke and Wi l ls Austra l ian i nto space 15 Hea lth Scheme. fa i l to return from with NASA’s Challenger. Go forward 2 spaces the i r expedition. Go forward 3 spaces Jump backwards 14 to last place Si r Charles Ki ngsford Sm ith’s propel ler breaks and 18 19 he turns back to Austra l ia. 21 Go back 2 spaces 13 The Endurance gets trapped i n ice i n the W eddel l Sea. 12 Abandon Sh i p! Miss a turn 22 Kay Cottee becomes the first woman to sa i l una ided and The Endeavour is 11 a lone around the world. wrecked on the Jump forward to first place 6 Capta i n Cook Great Barrier Reef. Aborigi na l people charts Botany Bay. Go back 2 spaces rescue explorer John Ki ng. Have another go Go forward 23 7 2 spaces 10 8 5 FINISH! Frank Hurley dives 4 3 i nto icy water to save Kay Cottee eats photograph ic plates. chocolate for three Go forward 1 space mea ls i n a row and gets sick. 9 Go back 1 space 2 Nat ional Library of Aus tralia 1

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© Nationa l Library of Austra l ia

1 7 89 181 3 1825 182 9 A smal lpox outbreak Europeans mak e the Van Diemen ’s Land W estern Austral ia devasta tes the Aborigi nal first crossi ng of the Bl ue becomes a separa te is formed. commun ities of Botany Bay, Moun tai ns. colony. In 1856 it is Port Jackson, and Brok en Bay. renamed Tasman ia. 8 © Na tion al Lib rary of Australia LANDLOCKED!LANDLOCKED! The Burke and Wills Expedition

ineteen men with 28 riding horses, 28 camels, N28 wagon horses, 20 tons of equipment, a dinner table and chairs, a wagon that could be turned into a boat, rockets, flags, a Chinese gong, rifles and ammunition, six tons of firewood, a bathtub, 12 sets of dandruff brushes and much, much more left Melbourne on 21 August 1860. The expedition aimed to be the first European crossing of the continent from south to north.

If yo u were to retr ac e Burke and Will s’ jo urne y R e t ur n of B ur ke & W i l l s t o Co o p e r ’ s C r e e k, b y J . C. A r m yta g e . nl a . p i c - a n7 372 8 44 to da y, w ha t eq uipmen t wo uld yo u take?

A y e ar lat er, with se v en of the p arty de ad—including le ader Find o ut how Abori ginal pe o pl e as s i ste d other expl orer s, su c h as Ed w ard Eyre Ro bert O ’ Har a Burke and William J ohn Wills—the f ull s tory of (1840 41), Thomas Mit c hell (1845 46) and Edmund Kenne dy (1848). this success f ul but disastrous and heroic att empt be came p art - - of Austr alia’s his tory and f olk lore. The ex pe dition p arty had slowl y tr avelle d north to Meninde e on the D arling Ri v er. Here Burke split the p arty, think ing he On the evening of would be fast er, and pushe d on north with onl y eight men 21 April 1861, three acro ss saltp ans and sandhills, to Co oper’s Cre ek. exhausted, starving, Here at Camp D epot 65, Burke split the p arty again , and on tattered scarecrows 11 D e cember 1860 , without res ting camels or men, se t off of men—Burke, Wills with Wills, J ohn King and C harlie Gr ay in a desper at e att empt and King (Gray had to reach the some 1500 k ilometres to the died a week earlier), north . The y to ok with them one horse, calle d Bill y, six camels, leading two emaciated and sup plies f or thre e months. camels—staggered back to the depot on William Brahe was left in charge at D epot 65—instruct e d the quiet banks of by Burke to wait there thre e months. He was also told that Cooper’s Creek. the res t of the ex pe dition would join them shortl y f rom M eninde e, bringing more sup plies. To their despair and Jo n R h od es too k t his p h otog r a p h i n disbelief they found only the following message and 2 001 of t h e ‘Di g Tr ee’ (t h e t r ee i nto whi c h the date, 21 April 1861, carved into the trunk of an B r a h e ca rved his m essa g e). nl a.p i c-a n2 33 8 6519 ancient coolibah tree, known as the ‘Dig Tree’. DIG A magneti c c om pas s po in t s to the magneti c north po l e, no t to the ge ogr aphi c po l e . The differenc e i s c all e d magneti c varia ti on. Wha t mi gh t di stort the readings of a magneti c c om pas s, and how did thi s affe ct the Burke and Will s expe diti on ? UNDER 3FT NW Ba c kgr o u n d im a g e: B ur ke an d W i l l s Mo num e nt 1865. nl a.p i c-a n 8960190

1 8 3 5 1 8 36 1840 1 851 1 859 1 868 J o h n B at m a n att e m p ts t o m a ke a ‘t r e aty’ S o u t h A u s t r ali a i s f o r m e d . Pol ish explorer Vi c t o r i a b e c o m e s a s e p a r at e s tat e . Q u e e n s l a n d b e c o m e s a A b o r i gin al wi t h t h e l o c al A b o r i gin al p e o p l e f o r Paul S trzelecki names the s e p a r at e s tat e . c r i c ke t t e a m P o rt P hillip . G o v e r n o r B o u r ke d o e s n o t highest moun tai n i n Austral ia t o u r s E n gl a n d . r e c o g ni s e t h e d e al a n d s t o p s i t. a fter Pol ish hero, Kosci usk o. 9

Brahe had made the decision to leave that morning—just eight hours earlier—to retrace the expedition’s route to the Darling River. He had waited four months and one week for Burke’s party to return. His own men were showing signs of scurvy, and there was no sign of the arrival of the relief party from Menindee.

Brahe had left burie d supplie s, which sust aine d the men for a f ew short weeks and, having c aref ully burie d lett er s and reports of their achie v ements at the ‘ Dig Tre e’ site, Burke’s party s e t off down C o op er ’s Cre ek in the hop e of reaching A delaide .

Burke was not to know that Brahe had e arlier ridden back to the depot site, and, s e eing it app arentl y as he had left it , did not disturb it but rode b ack to rejoin his party 150 k ilometre s away. At that time the thre e ex haust e d , de sp erate ex plorer s were only a f ew kilometre s away down the cre ek.

Track of the expedition from Cooper’s Creek to O ff er s of fo o d by the lo c al Ab original pe ople were reje c t e d : Burke se eme d Carpentaria by Burke, Wills, King & Gray, which they c ert ain the y would b e deliberately p ois one d . B oth Burke and Wills had accomplished on the 11th February 1861 (detail). nla.map-rm906 s e en the Ab original pe ople using the nardo o plant for f o o d . T he y trie d to c opy them but faile d to prepare the plant properly. As a re sult the y were William Wills die d alone b e side MAKE YO U R OWN C O MPAS S: p ois one d— by their own hands. C o op er ’s Cre ek at the end of June. Y ou will need: a small dish or sauce r , a cor k, a needle, a magne t Burke, with K ing by his side, die d a f ew day s later, f urther along the cre ek. Fill u p a small dish with wate r . Slice a flat round piece off the end of a cor k, and place on top of the wate r . J ohn K ing liv e d with the lo c al Ab original pe ople f or thre e Strok e a needle with a magne t 30- 40 times in the months, until he was found by A lfre d Howitt’s s e arch same dir ec tion. p arty on 15 S eptemb er 1861. Lay the needle on the piece of cor k . Howitt asked : ‘Who are you ?’, to which W atch as the needle s lo w ly turns and points in the same K ing replie d : ‘J ohn K ing , the dir ec tion, no matte r ho w many times you mo v e it. This is north. last surv i vor of Burke’s party. ( Once magne tised, the needle aligns itse lf with the earth’ s T hank Go d , I am save d !’ magne tic poles, just lik e the pointe r in a normal compass.)

Howitt’s first trip to Cooper’s Creek when he Howitt located and buried the finds John King and buries Burke and Wills remains of both Wills and Burke before returning with King. He also brought back with him the explorers’ notes and reports Yo u c an fin d o ut m ore abo ut Burke an d Will s reclaimed from the site at Depot b y foll owing t h e s e link s: 65, and at last the full tragic story was pieced together. T h e N a ti o nal Li b r ary h as t h e di ary kep t b y Willi am Will s . To re ad exc erp t s, vi s it w w w. nl a . g ov. a u/epu b s /will s /

S e e o t h er im a g e s d ep i cting Burke an d Will s ’ G ui d e d b y K i n g , H owitt fi n d s t h e j o urn e y o n t h e Pi ctureAu str ali a Pi cture Tr ail s , s ke l e t o n s of B ur ke an d W i l l s w w w. p i cture a u str ali a . or g/tr ail s_hi st ory .h tml Despite the tragic outcome, members of the expedition did manage to cross the continent, the first Europeans to do so.

1899 19 01 1911 1914 A u strali a n tr oops a r r ive in Fe d e r at i o n : Th e c r e at i o n o f t h e Th e s i t e f o r t h e n at i o n al ca p i tal at Wo r l d War 1 b r e a ks o u t a n d Sou th A fr i ca t o fig ht in the C o m m o nwe al t h o f A u s t r ali a . Ca n b e r r a i s a cq u ir e d . A N ZA C t r o o p s a r e di s p at c h e d . Boe r War. Th e fi rs t p a r li a m e nt c r e at e s t h e C o m m o nwe al t h P a r li a m e nta ry Li b r a ry. 10 © Na tion al Lib rary of Austral i a

CHARLES KINGSFORD SMITH (1897-1935)

lying above the ocean, at night, in a storm, one engine useless with a smashed

C h a r l es Ki n g sfo r d S mi t h . Fpropeller, and the co-pilot out on a wing, Charles Kingsford Smith (Smithy), nl a.p i c- vn 3 3 0 2 80 5 co-pilot P.G. Taylor and radio operator John Stannage faced a desperate nine-hour struggle to keep their plane Southern Cross in the air.

hen a glowing piece of fuselage broke off and Climbing out of the cabin, Taylor inched Wsmashed into the starboard propeller, a strong his way across to the damaged engine. vibration gripped the aircraft, threatening to send The pressure from the air rushing past was the plane tumbling down into the below. enormous, yet he still managed to make it to Maintaining a tight grip on the steering column, Smithy the engine, where he clung on tightly. Taking cut power to the damaged engine and opened the the coffee thermos which John Stannage remaining two engines up to full power, to prevent them passed to him, Taylor loosened the oil drain stalling. With the plane almost in the middle of the plug at the bottom of the engine. Taylor Tasman Sea, he knew it would be difficult to get safely managed to hold the thermos tightly against back to land, and even harder for a search party to find the engine, filling most of it with oil. He them should they go down. Thinking quickly, he realised repeatedly filled the thermos and passed it that Sydney’s Mascot Airport was slightly closer than back to the cabin, where Stannage emptied their destination in New Zealand. Smithy turned the it into a small leather suitcase, before plane around for the long trip back to Australia. climbing back himself. The job, however, was still only half done.

Th e So u t h e r n C r o ss fl y i n g ov e r t h e i n co m p l e t e Syd n e y H a r b o ur B r i d g e . nl a.p i c- a n 68 2 0 583 Overcoming his exhaustion, Taylor now tried to move across to the working engine. The force of the air had been enormous before Looking at his instruments, he saw the oil pressure in but, with the motor on this side running at full power, it the port engine was beginning to fall alarmingly low. was now gigantic. There was no way Taylor would be able to The engine had been working at full capacity for so long make it across without being blown off the wing. Displaying that it was at risk of running out of oil and seizing up the skill that had made him a household name in Australia, Smithy completely. One of the engines was working, but was throttled back the engine whilst maintaining the plane at just the right dangerously low on oil, and one was angle to stop it stalling altogether. Taylor was now able to make the practically full of oil but was useless trip across to the motor, where he tried to get as much of the oil as due to the smashed propeller. It possible into the working engine. The daring trip was a success: as the oil was then that co-pilot P.G. Taylor pressure began to rise in the engine, Smithy brought the engine back to decided he would have to climb full power just as they were about to start skimming the waves. out of the plane.

PLAN Y OUR OWN PIONEERING FLIGHT Where will yo u fl y t o? M a p the ro ut e . This i s t h e s uit ca s e u s ed b y Ta y l o r a n d St a nn a g e t o t r a n sf e r o i l be tw ee n e n g i n es o n t h e So u t h e r n C r o ss Wh a t s ort of pl ane will yo u go in ? o n i ts fl i g ht t o N e w Zea l a n d i n 19 35. nl a.p i c- a n 6803 908 Who an d w h a t will yo u t ake with yo u?

1923 1927 1928 1939 Ch a r l es Kin g sf o r d S mi t h a n d Ca p tain C oo k’ s j o u r n al r eco r din g hi s fi rst v o ya g e Th e Fed e ral Go v e r n m e nt Wo r l d War 2 b r ea ks o u t. Ch a r l es U lm co m p l e t e t h e fi rst t o t h e Pa c i fi c in t h e E n d ea vo ur i s bo u g ht at m o v es t o Ca n be r ra. fl i g ht a c r oss t h e Pa c i fi c fr o m au ct i o n b y t h e A u st rali a n Go v e r n m e nt f o r £5000. Cali f o r ni a t o B r i sba n e. Thi s i s t h e fi rst t im e t h e n a m e ‘ C o m m o nweal t h N at i o n al Li b ra ry’ i s u sed. 11

NANCY BIRD WALTON It was Charles Kingsford Smith who had (born 1915) taught Nancy Bird Walton to fly; helping the ancy Bird Walton grew up dreaming of flying, and after her enthusiastic 19-year-old to gain her commercial Nfirst ride at an air pageant when only 13, she was hooked. pilot’s licence at a time when many frowned Australia’s first upon the idea of a woman taking control of an female commercial aeroplane. Nancy Bird Walton’s father also lent a hand, pilot followed her buying his daughter her first aircraft, a two-seater Gypsy dream all the way Moth biplane. She and fellow pilot Peggy McKillop made to the sky of the what living they could by flying from show to show giving outback … joy rides. Nancy Bird Walton came to love outback flying and she later went to Bourke to assist in flying out nurses Nancy Bird Walton with her as part of the Far West Children’s Health Scheme. plane, Gypsy Moth, 1935. nla.pic-vn3302813 Portrait of Nancy Bird Walton by Russell Roberts. nla.pic-an11333638

A satellite image of Australia. PAUL SCULLY-POWER (born 1944) © Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2003 he first Australian to travel into space was not an From space, PSP said Tastronaut but a scientist. On 5 October 1984 the space that ‘Australia was shuttle Challenger took off on its first space flight with unique’. No other Paul Scully- a crew of seven, including Paul Scully-Power (nicknamed country presents Power’s firsts: ‘PSP’ after his initials). The extraordinary circumstances such a panorama of of his inclusion in the crew stemmed from his previous contrasting colours, • first Australian-born contact with NASA as an adviser on earlier space missions: shapes and forms. person to go into space. as an oceanographer he had told astronauts what to look Early one morning as • first oceanographer in space for in the world’s oceans as they rocketed through space. the sun was painting the • first father of six in space desert in burnished gold and PSP says that his interest in oceanography stemmed from ochre he thought of the Aboriginal • first bearded astronaut his love of surfing as a young man when he spent a lot of watercolourist Albert Namatjira, and wrote in time on Sydney’s beaches. In 1977 he joined the US Navy Paul Scully-Power, before his historic flight his notebook, ‘How did Albert get it so right Underwater Systems Centre to study the oceans from aboard the space shuttle Challenger when he never saw it from space?’ space. Special training for the space mission included wearing the full pressure-suit and learning to live in the The earth was a huge blue-and-white ball: more cloud ‘mock up’ of the shuttle—and to cope with weightlessness, than he imagined he would see from space; the colours of which he likened to learning to ride a surfboard. Other crew the landmasses were very distinct and the blueness of the members were Marc Garneau, the first Canadian to go into oceans spectacular. Observation of ocean currents from space, and Sally Ride on her second trip, having been the space has increased understanding of weather patterns and first woman in space. improved accuracy in long range weather forecasting.

Who is the other Australian to PSP took a small personal pack into space What do you think PSP means when he have travelled in space? with him-what would you take with you compares surfing to space travel? into space that would fit into a shoebox? Draw an image of PSP surfing in space.

1942 1950 1956 1960 1965 Darwin is bombed Korean War breaks out. Melbourne hosts the National Library Act is passed, The Australian by the Japanese. Olympic Games. establishing the National Government announces it Library as separate from the will send troops to Parliamentary Library. the Vietnam War. 12 © Nat ional L ibr ar y of Aust r alia

The Endurance breaks through the ice at the outset of the expedition, by Frank Hurley . n la.pic-an 234 78560 TRIALSTRIALS ofof EE NDURA NDURA NCE NCE Frank Hurley (1885-1962)

n 5 December 1914, 28 men set off on an expedition to be the first to cross the OAntarctic from east to west on foot. The expedition was led by Ernest Shackleton, who sought to gain another polar record for England. On board was photographer Frank Hurley, whose cameras would capture the amazing 22-month saga. The expedition did not succeed and Hurley’s images are the only surviving visual record of their ill-fated journey.

he expedition set sail in the Endurance, a They were ‘frozen, like an almond in Norwegian-made ship specially designed to crack T a chocolate bar’, as Orde-Lees, the Class Discussion through the ice of the hazardous Weddell Sea, cutting storekeeper on board, put it. Di vi de into gr ou ps. it into huge shards. Hurley recorded spectacular shots of the ship’s progress through the ice while balancing Eac h gr ou p i s to mount an precariously with his cameras from the ship’s rigging. e x pe di ti on ac r o s s sky, land, No one could rescue them because no one knew they were in trouble. This was before radio was a i c e, sand o r s ea. I dentify the As the Endurance headed into two large ice floes in reliable form of communication and long before the Weddell Sea, another ice floe moved, enclosing ob je c ti v e of the e x pe di ti on, helicopters and snow-cats. If they were going to the ship in the pack ice. Even with the Endurance’s tr a v e l arr ange ment s, get out at all they would have to do it themselves. engines at full throttle she could not break through. They passed the Antarctic winter on board hoping s c i entifi c eq ui pment r eq uir e d, The expedition halted and waited for the ice to open. daily for the ice floe to open up. But instead, ac c ommoda ti on, e x pe c te d time Their hopes, however, were in vain as the temperature the ice around the Endurance tightened. Ten fr ame, bu dge t, and ho w the plummeted. Six days later the Endurance was trapped million tons of pressure pushed against the ship’s solidly in a sea of pack ice that surrounded it as far as ou tc ome of the e x pe di ti on will sides—the boards buckled and moaned. Not even the eye could see. be r e c o r de d and r e po rte d. the hull, made from timber planks 30 centimetres thick, could sustain the strain. Shackleton gave the order to abandon ship and the expedition party moved onto the pack ice, watching helplessly as the Endurance was slowly crushed.

R ea d entries from Hur ley’ s diaries and find ou t mor e abou t his amazing lif e: ht t p : //nla .g ov.au /nla .m s-m s8 8 3

Find ou t mor e abou t tra v e lling artists by visiting The Endurance heads south through w w w.n l a .g ov.a u /exh i bit io n s /travel lers a r t /f reel a n ce. ht m l loose pack ice, by Frank Hurley . n la.pic-an 234 780 79

1 96 7 1 968 1 9 7 2 1 9 7 8 Common wealth Referendum Curren t Na tional The ‘ Aborigi nal Embassy’ is The Northern T erritory passes, endi ng constitutional Library of Austral ia pitched i n fron t of Parl iamen t gai ns its own discri mi na tion of the bui ldi ng opens. House, Canberra. gov ernment . Aborigi nal people. 13 TRIALSTRIALS ofof EE NDURA NDURA NCE NCE

They salvaged what they could of value from the After many deprivations they eventually found stricken vessel. Hurley returned to the hulk of the open water and set sail to windswept Elephant I have eaten raw seal meat and caviar; Endurance to save his photographic glass plates, diving Island. On reaching the island they sheltered I have drunk melted ice and champagne. into the freezing water inside the hull to retrieve them. from blizzards under the upturned lifeboats. I have lived the life that suited me There they waited as Shackleton and five crew members set off north-east to sail over 1200 And took risks without complaint. kilometres to South Georgia to find help. A If I could live my life over again terrible journey, it is now recognised as one of the great open boat voyages ever attempted. I’d do it all exactly the same way. Shackleton returned with a rescue party to Frank Hurley, quoted in The Endurance: the men marooned on Elephant Island and all Shackleton’s legendary Antarctic expedition were safely recovered after 105 lonely days (Knopf, New York 1998). sheltering under the lifeboats.

The Aurora Australis lights up the night sky. The men The Endurance was dead, the hull was rent apart and timbers scattered warm their frozen bodies far and wide. Captain Frank Wild stands by the remains of the Endurance over a fire fuelled with in the Weddell Sea, by Frank Hurley. nla pic-an 23998559 blubber, by Frank Hurley and George Marston (artist). Then, forced to minimise weight in preparation for nla.pic-an23478075 a long journey across the ice, he destroyed 400 photographic plates and kept only 120. The party’s only escape now was to find open water, as they dragged three lifeboats and what remained of their provisions across the pack ice.

See more of Augustus Earle’s watercolours Augustus Earle online, through the Library’s Pictures Catalogue at www.nla.gov.au/catalogue/pictures/ (1793-1838)

ugustus Earle was a travelling artist during the 1820s. He painted his self-portrait Awhile marooned on one of the most remote islands of the world—Tristan da Cunha, in the South Atlantic Ocean, 2300 kilometres west of , South Africa. The ship had sailed on without him. All he had was his dog, a sketchbook and his gun.

Luckily there were six other adults on the island, and he spent his time painting scenes of island life and teaching the children to draw. It was eight months before another ship came by and Earle was able to continue his travels. Solitude, watching the horizon at sunset, in the hopes of seeing a vessel, Tristan de Cunha in the South Atlantic, by Augustus Earle, 1824. nla.pic-an2818137 His next stop was Hobart, and later New South Wales.

1985 1988 19 90 19 9 2 20 0 0 Ul uru is handed back to the Austral ia celebra tes its Austral ian troops are sen t to High Court of Austral ia S ydney hosts the traditional owners. Bicen tenn ial (200th) year the Middle East, begi nn i ng rules i n the Mabo case tha t Olympic Games. si nce British settlemen t. Austral ia ’s i nvolvemen t i n Austral ia never was ‘Terra the first Gulf W ar. Nul l i us’ (empty land). 14 Follow t he f ootp rint s of grea t exp lorers int o t he heart of t he Library’s collect ions

M A PPI NG TIM E Th e An c i e n t E r a Th e An c i e n t Gree ks kn e w a bou t E u ro pe , As i a a n d p a rt o f A fr i ca The Maps Collection bu t t h ey t h ou g h t t h e re w a s so m et h i n g m i ss i n g—so m e l a rg e ex o t i c l a n d m a ss— i n t h e sou t h e r n h e m i s ph e re . Ho w ev e r i t t oo k a l o n g t i m e t o fi n d i t a n d t o m a p ou t exa ct ly w h a t w a s h e re .

Dr a w a map of your hou s e . Then dra w a map of ho w you ge t from your house to your school. 15 7 0 A b r a h a m O rt e l i u s Instea d of str ee t names, dra w landmar ks you ar e f amiliar with, such Th i s ma p o f the w or ld, da ted 1 5 7 0, i s r ecog n i sa ble ex ce p t as big buil dings, par ks, shops or othe r for the u nexpl or ed l a nd ma ss a c r oss the sou th, w h i c h i s r ef e r ence points that you r emembe r ca l led T e r r a A u str a l i s Non d u m C og n i ta or ‘Sou th La nd No t the rou te by. These kinds of maps ar e Y et Kn o w n ’ . E u r opea n s w e r e soon t o expl or e c l ose r t o some times called ‘mu d maps’ , as they A u stra l i a a nd d i sco ve r w ha t i t r ea l ly l ook ed l i k e. w e r e originally dra wn on the ground.

nla . map - nk10 0 01

1600 163 0 H e n d r i k H o n d i u s Du r i ng the 1 6th ce n tu ry , E u r opea n kn o w ledge o f the The fi rst Du tc h ma ppi ng o f Ca pe Y or k Pe n i n su l a sh o ws w or ld expa nded a s the Ame r i ca s a nd the Pa c i fi c Ocea n on th i s ma p fr om 1 630. The r est o f the cou n try i s sti l l w e r e expl or ed a nd ma pped. The S pa n i sh, P ortug uese a nd T e r r a A u str a l i s I n cog n i ta (U n kn o w n Sou th La nd) Du tc h w or k ed the i r w a y a r ou nd A u stra l i a bu t i t w a s n o t u n ti l 1 606 tha t the Du tc h ma n Wi l le m Ja n sz made the fi rst r ecor ded s i g h ti ng o f the A u stra l i a n coa st a t Ca pe Y or k Pe n i n su l a. The r ea l ma ppi ng o f A u stra l i a had beg u n. Many of our ol de r maps can be seen online. You can search our online catalogue f or maps at ht t p: //cat a lo g ue. n la .g ov.au. F or mor e inf ormation

n la abou t the map collec tion visit www .nla.go v .au/ map/ See ho w A ustralia was mapped from 1814 on war ds. .m ap - Look at these maps and see ho w mor e and mor e of nk 15 31 (d the inte rior was be ing ex plor ed and r ecor ded. eta il) n la.map-nk 1 580 (detai l) 1854 http://nla.go v.a u/nla.map- t 756 1862 http:// nla .g ov. au /nla . m ap- nk 113 39 16 8 0 J a n J a n sso n 1880 http://nla .g ov. au /nla .m ap-t1 4 5 1 The Du tc h w e r e ma i n ly i n te r ested i n trade a nd r i c hes, a nd fou nd ne i the r o f these on the ba r r e n coa stl i ne o f w este r n 18 91 http://nl a .g ov. a u /nl a . m a p-t9 02 a nd n orthe r n A u stra l i a—a nd so had l i ttle i n te r est t o 1 917 http://nla.go v.au/nla.map- f 4 73 expl or e fu rthe r . By the e nd o f the 1 7 th ce n tu ry the Du tc h had ma pped m uc h o f the A u stra l i a n coa stl i ne, a nd ca l led the i r d i sco ve r i es ‘Ne w Hol l a nd ’ . Ca n you see w h a t i s st i l l m i ss i ng i n the m a p? 17 7 0

I n the 1 8th ce n tu ry the Fr e n c h a nd B r i ti sh bega n Compare the map above with an earl ier one from 1 65 7 , a t t o com pete i n the expl ora ti on o f the Pa c i fi c Ocea n. n la.map- t5 70 h ttp://n la.gov .au/n la.map- t7 4 7 -s 1 -v . Can you see wha t has changed? Eve n tua l ly , i n 1 7 7 0 Ja mes Cook sa i led a l ong the ea ste r n ha l f o f Ne w Hol l a nd a nd na med i t Ne w Sou th W a les. Y ou ca n vi e w a ma p o f A u stra l i a a fte r Cook’ s vo yage on In the 2 0th c entury s ome part s of We s te rn page 5. A u s tr alia and the N o rthe rn Te rri to ry w e r e s till be ing mappe d f o r the fir s t time . By the 1814 21st century sate llites ar e commonly used to mak e Ma tthe w Fl i nde rs w a s the fi rst t o sa i l com plete ly a r ou nd de tailed and accurate maps. A u stra l i a. H i s fi rst com plete ma p w a s pu bl i shed on 1 8 J u ly You can see a sate llite image 1 8 1 4— the da y befor e h i s dea th. of A ustralia on page 11.

© Nat ional L ibrar y of Aust ralia Follow the footprints of great explorers into the heart of the Library’s collections 15

RECORDING AUSTRALIA’S JOURNEY The Manuscripts Collection

Di ar i es, letters, st or i es—thing s like these whi c h ar e n ot pu blished in books ar e called manu sc r ip ts. Her e ar e tales of adventur e and courage, wr itten in the expl or er’s own hand, sh owing str uggle and despair, success and failur e. S uc h is the stuff of legend s found in the Manu sc r ip ts Collecti on of the Nati onal Library. Fly with S mithy and expl or e with Hur ley. Disco ver central, n orther n and wester n A u strali a with expl or er Mi c hael Ter ry. Travel with Henry B un bury Explor e our catalogue on his o ver l and tr ip from Perth t o a settlement on the Vasse www.nla.gov.au/ms/ and River. Expl or e the G r eat A u strali an B i ght with Alfr ed Delisser or discove r what tr easur es can be c ross the continent b y car. found in the Collection. Clive Birtles at the wheel of a car with Wowser the dog. nla.pic-vn3303076

EYE SPY ADVENTURE The Pictures Collection

In the Pi ctur es Collecti on you will The Library’s Pi ctur es Catal ogue find r epr esentati ons of important www.nla.go v.a u/ca tal og u e/p ictures/ aspects of A u strali an hist ory, has images of people, pl a ces and events in c luding 18th-century Pa c ifi c from the l ast 200 years of European expediti ons, fam ou s and infam ou s settlement in A u strali a. These pi ctur es people suc h as bu shrangers and tell u s st or i es a bout A u strali an life, convi cts, as well as m oder n- How we go t into a gale and how sea sick we all past and pr esent. For instan ce, Owen day cele br iti es and images from were, by Owen Stan ley, 1830. n la pic an-3016566 Stanley’s drawing s illu strate ju st h ow everyday A u strali an life. un comforta ble sailing the hi gh seas could be in the mi d-1800s. Check ou t the Library’s Pictur es Collection online at www.nla.gov.au/catalogue/pictur es/

Why do p e ople publish s ongs as she et music? In 100 ye ars you will MUSIC OF DISCOVERY s till b e able to sing and play D elt a Go o drem’s ‘ Inno c ent Ey e s’, b e c aus e the music and ly ric s were publishe d . In 20 0 ye ars or more, you should s till b e able to find and us e this music, well lo oked af ter, in the The Music Collection National L ibr ar y.

A col lection of Amy Johnson Song s like ‘The Pi oneer Sc h ottisc he’ have survived sheet music covers becau se the Nati onal Library hunts for, collects, and keeps A u strali a’s mu s i c—ranging from the l atest hits b y Find the MusicA ustralia website, at Missy Hi ggins and the m ost r ecent composers, ba c k t o www.musicaustralia.org ‘old ’ mu s i c depi cting the ear li er expl orati on of A u strali a, suc h as the ‘Cap tain Cook Mar c h’. See the musical scor es, and listen to the music online ‘The Pioneer Schottische’, or ‘Al l iga tor Hop’, by A col lection of Charles Ki ngsford Smith Hewetson Burne 1886. n la.mus-an4780843 sheet music covers Follow the theme ‘Aviation and aviators’ (click on ‘Explor e this Search othe r themes in MusicA ustralia: theme’ and follow the link). A n d i f y o u w a n t s o m e f u n , expl ore h ow t h e a erop l a n e w a s u s e d i n t h e Choose to see the scor e. A ustralian Songs and Music world o f ad ver t i s i n g i n t h e or i g i n a l 19 3 5 r ad i o j i n g l e ‘Aerop l a n e J el l y ’. Choose to find ou t abou t the Discove ry and Exploration Songs and Music Vis it w w w.m u s i c a u st r a l i a . or g a n d s e a r c h for ‘Aerop l a n e J el l y ’. compose r or se lect the nla numbe r Patriotic Music to see the image. 16 EDUCATIONEDUCATION SERVICESSERVICES School Programs at the National Library of Australia

TOURS AT THE NATIONAL A holiday program at the National Library LIBRARY OF AUSTRALIA

CROOKS, CHOOKS AND BOOKS (Suitable for most ages) Behind the Scenes at the National Library Discover how the National Library functions in this program designed especially for students visiting Canberra. Duration: one hour Cost: FREE

A THIRST FOR KNOWLEDGE (Year 11 to University) Introduction to Research at the National Library This tour is aimed at making students comfortable with accessing the Library and its services, both EXHIBITION TOURS physically and through the Library’s website. All Special tours can be arranged for each National Library exhibition. students receive readers cards and participate in EDUCATION EVENTS ‘hands-on’ basic research-skills workshops. How to Book a Visit A full Educational Events program Duration: One and a quarter hours Bookings for groups are ESSENTIAL. runs throughout the year. For more Cost: FREE Bookings can be made by contacting the Education Section: information and bookings, please phone (02) 6262 1271, fax (02) 6273 4493, or email contact us on (02) 6262 1289. [email protected] Tours can be tailored to specific requirements on request. Please notify of any special needs when making your booking. Our website RESOURCES FOR TEACHERS Th e Lib rary’s website is easy to use an d is now t h e first point of contact fo r m any peopl e want in g to use As the pre-eminent resource for the t h e co ll ect ions. Of part icular interest to teach ers are: documentary , the Onlin e versions o f Library exhibitions: National Library provides access to a range www.nla.gov.au/exhibit ions of collections and services to assist the

general public, researchers, publishers Infor mation on th e Collection: www.nla.gov.au/co ll ect and other libraries. On this page are

listed various resources to assist teachers Onlin e tour: with either preparing for a group visit www.nla.gov.au/to ur to the Library or in professional use Events an d a ctivities:

of the collections. www.nla.gov.au/apps/events KWD 50301