The Geology of the Country Around Kingsbridge Salcombe

355 an d 356 .

MEMOIRS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY .

E “ NGLAND AND WALES.

TH E G E OL OGY OF

TH E COU NTRY AROU ND

K I N G S B R I D G E

L O M B S A C E .

(EXPLANATION or SH E E TS 355

. U S H E F W A . E . S R, . G . S .

‘ ' ' f u t B Y ORDER OF l fHE DORDB COMMISSIONE RS OF H IS MAJESTY S TREASURY .

LON D ON PRINTE D FOR H IS M AJ E TY ’ TATION E RY OFFICE S S S ,

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" Bookselle f om t he Ordnanc e Su rv e Ofﬁ c e Sou am r r y , t h pt on.

1 904.

P ric e 1 8. 6d. I L S T OF MA PS , S E CT ION S . A N D M E M OIRS O F T H E GE OLO

S U RVEY OF E N GLA N D A N D WA LE S , A N D M U S E U M I

P RACT ICA L GE O LOGY .

J u J . H Tm M .A. F.R.S D irec t or of the Geolo ic al S u rv e an d Mu s eu m erm n St ree London . , . g y , J y t , ' e b S n Th Maps and Memoirs are now issu ed y t h e (irdnfm ee u rv ey. M c o b e obtai ned f rom A u or v at lo s am a t he Ordnanc e sur ey Otli c a. Sou t hampt on. Mu seu m C a g u e . Gu ia . re sold at t he u seu m , St reet , London .

A s P li c an h e c ha ined f rom t he Ordnan c e Su rv e f ﬁ Complet e Li t of t h e u b cat i ons y O c e, Sou t ham pt on . I

GE NE RAL MAP (on e i nc h t o 6 miles)

' —Sheet 1 Ti tl e 2 Northu n b eriand M 8 Index of Colou rs 4 I. of Man EN GLAND AND WALES ( ) ; ( i , ) : ( ) ; ( , ‘ ' - N ort h We lc s 8 Cent ra l E n land 9 Cou nt i es 1 0 S ou t h W D ist ri c t ) ; 0 E . Y orkshire) 7 ( ) ( ) ; ) (

L W zll th e. 14 S i E nd d S E . Wales 12 ndon in and eal d 18 Cornwn D ev on ) ; 11 W. of ng la an ) ; ( o ) ; ( Print : st H au nt H ast in s . Sh eet 1 23. sheet s 2 t o 24. 6d. eac h . s T orqu ay t o 1 . ol Wig ht) :15 (8 Coa . to g ) ,

- MAPS (one inc h). 01d Seri es . — - - 9 whole sh eet s and nu t t er sheet s . hand c ol u red i n t wo edi t i ons Solid an d D rif t exc e t Nos . 1 t o 1 10 i n , o , , p

SE 9 S . E . and 101 win c h are u b lished S oli d on Pri o whole eh 93 N W .. SW., 97 8NW., 8 , eg - of London and env u s S oli d 223. S et 7 Drif t 1 81 . 6d. Se. 6d. u art er sheet s 13 . ed. t o 38. Lar e ma . . , ; q . g p — MAPS (du e i nch). N ew Seri es.

- a e ident i c nl Wi th t he u arter Sheet s of t h e Old Seri es N os. 91 t o 11 0 all 0 l to 73. Th ese N ew Series m ps re Q . , ti n Sh eet s 29 8 48 49 51 61 62 69 end 70. p u bli shed wit h D rif t . exc ep g , 3 . , . , , . .

Pric e.

Soli d. D rif t .

b. d. 31 T ID ND ON in t ou r Sheet s (Colou r print ed) 6. H AVAN

317. CH ICH E STE R (Colou r prin t ed) WIG T in 01 16 Sh eet (Colou r ISL E OF H 325 E XE TE R rint ed p ) D ORCH E S TE R and 57 ISLE OF M AN Sheet s 36, 329. B OU RN E QU TB WIM B ORN E - - T Colou r 128. S TOK E W ON TRE N ( MIN E R

Part s of NE W F RE ST and LE E O IS 155. ATH ERS TON ” OF WIGH T Drif t c olou r t c olou r ri nt ed ( ; 1 56. LE ICE STER (D rif ; p ) pri nt ed) 187. H U NTIN GD ON

331 . PORTS MOU TH and art of IS LE 208. B E DFORD p

FIL Colou r rint ed OF W I G H T (Drif t ; c olou r 281 . MERTH YR TYD ( p )

Y Colou r rint ed . 232. ABE B GAVE NN ( p )

B OGNOB , SE L SEA LITTLE E WPORT M om Solid ' c olou r H A N 249. N ( ). ( MPTO

WORTH IN G , ROTTINGD E AN D d C AS 261 and 262. B RID GE N an O NE WHA E N E ASTB OU RNE V , near KENFIG (Colou r print ed) NE WTON AB B OT d WORLE SOM E B 203. CARD IFF en ,

' ' OTTERTON S E l (Colour print ed) E T WB U RY D ORS COAST. L ANGTON 267. N E H E RRING 268. RE AD ING

282. D E IZES PORTL AN D WE YMOU TH L U D V , ANDO E R WORTH 383. V KE 284. B ASINGSTO SWAN AGE . CORFE CASTL E

898» SAL ISB U B o lou r print ed) PLYMOU TH an d I YBRID GE WINCH E STE R V 350. T ORQU AY

866. KINGSB RID GE W OD Colou r rinted 314. RING O ( p ) H AMPTON START POIN T 815. SOU T

m s (Si x - m om .

- mineral distric t s ere i n art u lished on a scale of s i n s Th e Coal ﬁ elds and other p p b ix c he t o e mil ’ t

- t eii ordshlre at s. 6d. rm eolonred. M S . Colou red Co i es of ot her six i nc h c olou red ; t h ose of N . S i , p m 2a ere de osi t ed f or ref erenc e m t he Geologi c al S u rv ey Oillc e, ermyn S t reet , L ondon an d c o es pu blic at i on , p J . p he sam . at t he cost of drawi ng and c olou ring t e

' ECTIONS. v nnrxcu . r H ORIZONTAL S a c rmu s. ri 1 t o es ri 1 to no, n ot o u s, p c e as. ou t . , p c e a . cd. m u .

355 an d 356 .

MEMOIRS OFTHE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

ENGLAND AND WALES .

TH E GE OLOGY OF

TH E COU NTRY AROU ND

K I N G S B R I D G E

S A L C O M B E .

(EXPLANATION OF S H EE TS 355

S H R F . G . S. A . U S W. . E E ,

' N O? B IS H H ESTY B 37 . T UB U SB I D BY ORDER OF TH E LORDS COMMISSIO ERS

LON D ON E D FOR H I M A Y’ A Y PRINT S JES T S ST TIONE R OFFICE , MA N AN D oNs TE D F E B r WY S , LIMI , TTER LAN E,

And to b e pu rc hased f rom T E . S A N FORD , 12, 13, and 14, LONO Ac ne. LOND ON

JOH N M E NZIE S Co., ROSE STREE T, E D a u nou ; E I ' H OD G S, F GGIS Co., Gnu TON 8m m , D u nm N Th om any Ag ent f or t he sale of Ordnanc e S u rv ey M aps ; or t hrou g h any Booksell e f rom t he Ordnanc e Su v e Oiii oe Sou ham t on r r y , t p

1 904.

P ri c e 1 8. 6d. S CON TEN T .

PREFA CE b y t he D IRE CTOR 9 — f S a. H A TE R IN TROD U CTION . Gene l Geolo an d T b le o C P I. ra g y a trat N o he n A ea N u e of Sedim en s Chem i c l Ch n es rt r r , at r t , a a g , E ff ec ts of Lateral Pressu re CH AP TE R II — D ISTRIB U TION OF TH E B OOK S OF TH N ORTH E RN . E h Sla es M adf oot G ou v RIn m ore e A RE A . D m ou art —t t , e — r g typ - Torc ross Type B eeson Gri ts Ti n sey ead Slat e S eri es — — ’ CH A PTE R III. N ORTH E RN ARE A c on t z n u eol. I neou Roc s g s k , E s e n Co s Sec ion Wes e n Coas S ec i on a t r a t t , t r t t — CH A PTE R IV. TH E SOU TH E RN ARE A . Gen e N o es Rel ons ral t , at - i

Of G ou s N a u e of D i s u b an c es &c . Li e u e Mi c r p , t r t r , , t rat r , a sc his G ou G een Sc his s t r p, r t — CH A PTE R V. N A TU RE OF TH E B OU N D A RY B E TWE E N N ORTH E RN A N D S OU TH E RN ARE A S — CH A PTE R VI. N E W RED ROCK S OR PE RM IA N — CH A PTE R VII. PLE ISTOCE N E A N D RE CE N T — H A PTE R I. W e u l Mi nes B u i di n C VH E CON OM ICS . S . at r pp y, , l g

m a e i ls &c . Soils t r a , ,

A PPE N D Ix . LIST OF PRIN CIPA L WORK S ON TH E GE OLOGY OF TH E D ISTRICT IN D E X

ILL T U S RATION S .

F on i s ec e. liﬂ b e ween Ou e and Inn r t pi C t t r er H ope.

FIG 1 . Di m e l n o of ri es ag ra , xp a at ry S t k n led f m n s n e 2. G ar rag e t of Ti s y H ead b eds - Gn in b K n s id s 3 8. arl g y i g b r g e E tu ary Creeks and at Torc ross

9. Co ru ed u rt z - v ei ns ne Torc ross r g at q a , ar 1 0. Contorted ig neou s b an d i n slates near Ayrm er Cov e Gn led i - Sh es b ehi n d Tea Hou se West c om b e B e c h ar g r t al , , a

1 2. Gna li n b Colla i t C ee r g , y p r k

1 3. Con o ed l m i nae B owc om b e C ee t rt a , r k

1 4. Sou h Of B iddlehead Poi n S lc om b e E s u t t, a t ary 1 Cov es u nd t he ou l 5. er M t

1 6. S ou t h ool C ee E . of West ernc om b e p r k, i i of t he c e n Cov 1 7. S r t O a e i c a- u z - sc s Of B ol H e d 1 8. q art hi t t a — - 1 9. Gn ed u z m ic sc hi s H ll S n s arl q art a t, a a d Coast sou th of H ard Ston e 20 u z - sc his f om t he c liff on n o . Q art t r rth Side Of H all Sands Villag e P i a i n in u z - sc h s n 21 . l c t o q art i t s ear S ou thdown Farm 2 Cliff Greenst rai ht 2. at g

23. Sou t h ool C ee S ec ion wes side p r k t , t

- 24. F u lt ed m i c sc hi s Ki n sb id e E s a a t, g r g tu ary ' D i am Of c liﬁ s n ea H o 25. ag r r pe

26. ou t hwell no h s de , rt gIa ram s}l ow m i 27. e B es son Gi s g g t r t as an ou t c roppi ng seri es 28 Cu en - b eddi n n e S o . rr t g ar lapt n B ridg e 29 H orswell H ou se u a . Q rry

30 . Cliff b e ween Le s Foo nd a t a t Sa nd Thu rlestone San d 31 n c s n Mat h . The Pin le e c c om b a , ar e Sand A PREF CE .

This Mem oir treats of t he area represen ted b y Sheets 355 an d

3 6 f t he N ew e s of n e- c m n c e t h r e i n 5 o S rie o in h aps . Si e ﬁ st d tio

Of e e m was u i e in 1898 Mr. s e has e i ed th s aps p bl sh d , Us h r stabl sh t he f ac t that t he D ev onian roc ks on t he sou th of t he D artm ou th slates are represen ted by t he Meadf oot g rou p whi c h overli es them on t he n o . T e e e e ef o e are t he Ci dest m em e of rth h s slat s, th r r , b r f t t he D evoni an sequ en c e i n this area . As this is a poin t O g rea stratig raphic al im portan c e it has been deem ed advisable t o indi c ate u on t he m t he o m e ou n of e e t wo ou p aps appr xi at b dary th s g r ps, an d t hi s has ac c ording ly been done on a new edi tion whic h will The ou n e e en e o en shortly b e pu blished . b dary is r pr s t d by a br k l ne whi c m a b e f o owe f o t he c o n e R n m o e S ee i , h y ll d r m ast ar i g r ( h t

- c n e Of h I n e 355) t o t he n orth east or r t e m ap. t reappears ag ain ar t he nor m n of S eet 356 w e e ow n t o f o i n t he e on s th arg i h h r , i g ld g , r lati of t he t wo g rou ps are more c om plic ated than they are in t he adjac ent m a p.

A striking f eatu re Of t he area in qu estion is t he c on trast between t he in ten sely f olded b u t c om paratively u n altered D evoni an roc ks: in t he n o and t he e m o c oc on t he ou . T rth , m ta rphi r ks s th his has g iven rise t o a somewhat exten sive c on troversial literatu re whic h is ref erred t o in t he f ollowi ng pag es and in whic h m an y f ac ts of g reat im portan ce are desc ribed .

he a e of t he c hi ef u n ec e t he u o ou . T g s sts is l t d id d by a th r, th g h m ore deﬁnite v iews on t he su b j ec t have been expressed i n f avou r e n u P of e o B onn e an d Mi R n and i n of th ir a tiq ity by r ss r y ss aisi , f avou r of their being metam orphosed D evon ian roc ks by Ju kes

' and Ro A . Som erv ail and A . R. H u n . Al ou Mr. e ll, t th g h Ussh r has not been able t o settle t he qu estion Of t he ag e of t he m eta o c oc a hi ev en c e hi s e le m n : m rphi r ks by stratig r p cal id , d tai d appi g of t he g reen sc hists an d his c aref u l desc ription of t he lin e whic h separates t he altered f rom t he u n altered roc ks will b e f ou n d of valu e t o all f u tu re workers in t he distric t .

J . J . H . TE ALL , D r c i e tor . i c al Su rv e O c e Geolog y fﬁ ,

28 J erm n Street ondon . , y , L

7t h A l 1904. pri ,

— W . 23 4. S 1 4 9“ 7294. SOC Wt . 0 y . 4

GEOLOGY

OF TH E COU NTRY A ROU N D

KIN D E GSBRI G AND SALCOMBE.

CH APTER I .

IN T D T ON RO UC I .

Sheets 355 an d 356 of t he Geolog ic al Su rvey Map S how a n — e of ou 78 u e m i e of w c 23 are n c u e in la d ar a ab t sq ar l s, hi h i l d d S e T t he m o ou t e Of D on e 356. c e e e h t his , st s h rly distri t v shir , li s t o t h e sou th of a lin e drawn f rom t he vic in ity of B lac kpool S n i n S B a we w t o t he m ou of t he Y e m It a ds tart y st ards th al . ou n e on e e c e t h e n o t he sea an d t he is b d d all sid s x pt rth by , c oast lin e is breac hed by t he est u ar of t h e Avon an d by t h e m c ee P w e Po n e m o ou e e an Salc o be r ks . ra l i t is t st s th rly h adl d t o t h e east is Start Poin t an d t o t h e west B olt H ead an d B olt

Tail.

The e t h e u m m i - e e e n ou 300 f ee ar a is hilly, s t l v ls b i g ab t t, exc ept towards t h e n orth m arg in an d in t h e di stric t between t he S an d B o T w e e e n t o e e ween 400 an d tart lt ail, h r th y attai h ig hts b t Th e e w c f n o t he S c om e E s t u ar an d 500 f eet. str ams hi h all i t al b c ee n an e Of ou 32 u e m e an d wit t h e its r ks drai ar a ab t s ar il s, , e c e on Of t he owe e c e of t he v on t h e em n n o on x pti l r r a h s , r ai i g p rti Of t h e area is drain ed by sm all stream s whic h have direc t ou tlets on t he c o t he o c on e e e n t h e S ou M on ast, m st sid rabl b i g th ilt m strea . The S c o e c ee n e at w e t o K n e al mb r k is avig abl hig h at r i g sbridg , b u t above Salc om be t he sc en ery is t am e i n c om parison t o t he ec t S c om e m a b e e ed as t he ort of K n seaward asp . al b y r g ard i g s e Wl’l l Ch t h e on own in t he c an t ham an d bridg , is ly t distri t ; of u e e o more espec ially Torc ross are plac es s mm r r s rt. The c oast sc en ery exhibits g reat di v ersit an d man y strikin Th e u e ran deu r Of t h e c li 5 e ween B o H eag f eatu res . r g g d b t lt an d B olt Tail an d 11 63 1 51 8 Start is u n su rpassed elsewhere on t he F o on e e s e of t he o on o D e on c o . u t e n r v asts r h r rth, ith r id pr m t y , o e c e of c liff e f o of oc e c e b ld str t h s bas d by plat rms r k g iv la , e e an d e e t o owe c f f f n e t he n b eac es of h r th r , l r li s , la k d by sa d u e on e B an t ham an d E e Mou t on t he we an d t he Th rl st , , rm h st, by n e eac e Of H l S n B eesands an d Of t he c e e e shi g l b h s a l a ds, , l brat d

S t on San on t he e . The n an c en e a hou lap ds ast i l d s ry, lt g h o Of n e e an d w e e e en e ew are o t ai n n ot dev id i t r st , h r xt siv vi s b e of e u n u c c e on of l of e e or e s abl , b a ty, is mai ly a s ssi hil s g r at r l s

7204. A COMB E . 2 GEOLOGY or K INGSB RIDGE AN D S AL

e In ee - e vall ys e on u u e e b n ow st p sid d el vati , s ally s parat d y arr plac es c lot hed with woods an d c opses . c e on t h e old wn D e B e h The eolo of t h e di stric t was sho by la g c on s Of f ee 23 an d si t Geolo l c al u rv ey maps (parts o sh ts g 139 S hi Of m m c an d 01110 11 c sts D evoni an Roc ks se arat ed f ro i a Melb o ou h n i n f o H o e b y g dou btf u l a e b y a b gu n dary ru n r m p g ed San g t on e Two e es Of N ew R eastward t o Start B ay. pat s S a on an d a f ew Thu rleston e roc k an d at l pt , were in di c at ed n ear we e e we of Torc ross an d len tic u lar strips of g reens ton e r mapp d st The n ew i e of eolo c al 355 on t h e Revelstoke c oast. ser s g maps e i e u e 0 t he a e an d 356 presen t t h e resu lt s of a d ta l d s rv y are mad ‘ In t h e D e on i n ea e u c e e ef ro . on six- in c h maps an d r d d th r m v a ar en In i c t e an d an loc al developm en ts of g rit have be d a d, m y

e o e . In t he e addition al exposu res of ig n eou s roc ks r c rd d m ta f D e la B ec e a e een e m o phi c area t h e c hl orite sc hi s ts O h h v b s par df o t h e i c — c s w t h e e u a t he o a ed at e r m m a s hi ts , ith r s lt th t c mplic t e t h m l e es on e a . f oldin g Of t h e roc ks Of thi s g rou p is wel xpr s d p t wo e rou of o s Th e distric t presen ts g r at s r ck , sharply m e rom diff eren tiated alon g a n early st raight coast t o coast . On t h e sou th Of thi s lin e is a seri es of hig hly metamorphosed on t h e n o of e e of o a e u n e e roc ks, rth it a s ri s c mp rativ ly alt r d T e e ou e een e e e n c u D evon ian rocks . h s g r ps hav b r sp ctiv ly i l ded u n e t he ead n — Sou e n A e N o e n A e o of d r h i g s th r r a, rth r r a, pri rity en t o t e The D e on n description being g iv h latter. v ia rocks c on m ain l of e oc e oc w fi n e a n e sist slat s, ass iat d l ally ith r i d g rit e e a d e an d i lac eou an d fi n e si t c eou b ds, silty s at s n shal s, arg l s y sili s na ons In e e e c a eou an an d a in t erlami ti . th s mat rials alc r s b ds b sic n eou o oc u S n on c e a n o i on b u t are ig s r cks c r pari g ly rt i h r z s, an c on n ec m n owhere presen t i n y ted ass. Owi n g t o t he g en era l east an d west strike t he N orthern Area m ay b e divided In to f ou r g eog raphi c al zon es or belt s characterised c e a n en e l ec o n a e c u li arit i es b u t n ow e e rt i g ral y r g iz bl , h r ar n e Th e D o pzt es are al o e en n ea 23:ply defi d . artm u th s s pr s t r S trete an d west of B ig bu ry their s ou thern bou n whi ch is

o o an on e . f ar e ra e in t he a s u n e a m st imp rt t , is, as as mb c d p d r on e ati on e c ee n n e ni e b u t was n ot rawn u n c sid r , x di g ly i d ﬁ t , it d til f t e e r u o e ea li c on an d n e . s m y rs a r th i ﬁrst p b ati , has sin ce bee add d On t he sou th of these slates t h e roc ks ocen ying su ccessive belts roc eedin ou w r we e n e The m ore e s The g s th a d r am d n b d , orc ross at e The B ee on G The Tin e S e sl s, s rits , s y H ead lat e e n u in t h e n t e i n e e of T s ri s, i cl d g i rlam at d b ds in sey H ead. Th n c e chro olo i al relation s of t h e above zon al t pes de end on t h n e atu re of tgc ou tc rops of t h e D artmou th sli t es an of t he B ee on ! ou w c c ou n ot b e m e o t s g rit g r p, hi h ld ad u du ring t he su rvey of t h e ea i n f c o m nn e . In h ar a satis a t ry a r t e presen t year (1902) an o o u n was f f o e of c om pp rt ity a rd d parin g t he roc ks of t he coast ec on of e w o e of t h e Looe s ti s this ar a ith th s , Tre an t le an d Pl g ’ y n O ou c oa , a d f n n all t he nf o m th sts bri g i g i rmati on ac u ired u e u en t o t he u e of e t o s bs q t s rv y this ar a bear on them wit t he e u t h e eem n z on e m u n ow b e r s lt that s i g s st reg arded as a Of t h e m n ou v z p rts e e e i . t h e sa g ral g r p, , M eadf oot 3 eds n ‘l Ch t he R n m o e e orres on t o t he f ossil i g r typ c p ds if erou s LoOSB edg 3 INTROD U CTION .

The Metam orphic roc ks Of t he Sou thern Area c ons ist of t wo ou v i z g r ps, 1 G en S s o o i n e on t o c on . re c hi ts pr ved by petrol g ical v sti ati st it u t e a series of hi g hly altered basic ig n eou s roc fis M m o e Of oc 2. c an d u a Sc e n in ei i a Q rtz hists, b trayi g th r d ass ia tion an d i n less altered parts their a u eou s orig in as shales an d fi n e e Of en m t erlam in at edan d wi t e of r . silty shal s t , h b ds g it The G een S are m o e t h e M c S c ou r chists as a ass ab v i a hist g r p, althou g h there are f requ en t sig n s of in terc alation at or n ear t he u n c on an d oc c on c e Of oc e en Of n eou J ti , asi al tra s r k vid tly ig s ori in are m et w n t h e M c S c ith i i a hists . he ou n e of t he G een S c c an u e b e c e b dari s r hists , as a r l , tra d w ou t u c ffi c u T e u on u e e of ith m h di lty. h ir distrib ti is s g g stiv a

n ortherly atten u ation .

N O e on c an b e m e e ween m c an d u z c t-s s parati ad b t i a q art s his , these bei ng so in t ermin g led t ha t u n less spec ially stated t h e term M c i a Sc hist c overs all t h e assoc ia ted qu artz sc hists.

The f o ow n e of Roc an d D e o et c ll i g is a tabl ks p sits,

RE CE N nd and hi n le B eac hes. T. Sa S g

Allu v iu ni . b s Su m ari ne Forest .

Old llu v i l c s . PLE ISTOCE N E a a tra t - n s H ead old talu s ac c u m u latio . Raised B e c hes a . N E W RED A N D STON E PE RM IA — la t o T i u rlest on e S N . B ec c ia . S ( ) r p ,

gan és .

N ORTH E RN A RE A . — Ti n sey H ead slate series dark Coast sou th g rey slates i n whic h are of B eesan ds t o i n c lu ded t he i nterlam i nate c oas t n orth of H o e b eds of Ti n sey H ead. p . — At i n e v ls B eeson g rits slates with red t r a di sh b u f f an d g rey g rits of f rom B eeson t o Warb err Looe an d Me d B e c on Poi n y, , a a t, h O H no f o e. f oot types . rt p — T r r s Torc ross type g rey slates with o c o s and S u n n da e t o sili c eou s an d c alc areou s y l b nds and len ic les oc c ! t he Thu rles on e a t , a t c si on al g ri t b eds and i m oast. persi stent b an ds of ig neou s oc ob b c on em o r k, pr a ly t p rau c ou s . ' e t )e lil c red S on Ri ng m or y a , lapt eeni sh red an d b u ff and Ay onm ou t h g r , , Ri n m o e nd g rey partly silic eou s slates g r a r sh les wi h oc c si on A rm er Arm o a , t a al y ( u r v i b eds an d dec om osed o ) Co e. g r t , p

c alc areou s f ossilif erou s seam s . Strete Coast an d n orthern oss een u r le i c an d l g r , p l la arg i b u l si liizeOu s sl es Dartm ou th part y at agé ﬁ egglsaqg w h oc casi on l b eds Of h d S es t a ar c oaSt wes of lat , i t u t and u z i e. g q art t B i b ii r shee g y, t

355. E . AN D S ALCOMB GEOLOGY or K INGSB RID GE

— mm u ted. N ORTH E RN AR E A c o ith A ssoc iated v Mi c aci yt e h oli e. a tr u artz porphyry or r y t Q at t h e H orswell

B elei t es . at erry Point. s m o e ec om posed sh eared roc k r l e ed f or t he m os or less a t r , t h oc s of art assoc iated Wi t r k b u t oc a l porc ross ype, y t l l . h s a es f ou nd in D artm ou t l t an d Rin g m ore b eds.

Typic al Ophi ti c dolerite.

e Diab ase porphyrit .

S OU TH E RN A RE A .

D E D IM E N TA R — M ic sc his s u z sc his s In e A LTE RE S Y SE RIE S a t , Q art t , t r h n b edded Mi c a Sc i s ts a d Qu artz sc hi sts.

een sc hi s s ocall red b u ff and re . Gr t , l y , g y l m osed of ho nb ende E ssen ti al y c o p r l , G een c hi s s u liti c or c i no i i c alb i e w t e r S t ( ra a t l t ), t ( a r or c lear u su ally withou t trac e of c leav ag e Whe e e ed H ornb lende or twi nni ng ) and epidote. r alt r

E i do e c hi s s. b su f c e enc i es ho nb ende m o e p t S t y r a ag , r l r or less replac ed b y c hlorite and c alcite g en erally present .

’ As there is n o dou bt c on c ern in g t he D evon ian ag e of t he Pa aeo o oc of t he N o e n e w i as e a s t o l z ic r ks rth r ar a, h lst r g rd ag e of t h e altered rocks of t he S ou t hern area mu c h diff eren ce of O i n i on em st s or of e c on has een en t o t he , pri ity d s ripti b g iv rt h m e o e ar a. ’ Th e D evon ian sedimen ts c on sist of clays an d sands with

a vari able am ou n t Of cal careou s m atter at c ertain horizon s. T e of m n e f o are f ou n ou ou t he e e an d rac s ari ssils d thr g h t s ri s, t h e n en s of t h e e en t he en t e en c e of u ren t ﬁ es s dim ts, ir abs c r b oddi n i e- or o e n c a on of ow w e en g , r ppl mark, th r i di ti s shall at r, t d t o ow t h e sh that beds were deposited i n a moderately deep sea. . The sedi men tati on is su ch as wou ld take place n ear t he zone w e e an e i n o m u d h r s d shad s t . T hese materials have u n derg one c on siderable c han g es throu g h c e i ac i on an d la e e h m cal t t ral pr ssu re.

Chem i c a l Cha n es g ,

' Ow n t o au e of en diﬁ i c u l i g this c s it is t t t o d S t l l g l h or c c e f t h e o oc . T } mal hara t r r ks his is esPec ihllytliz 0222 Wi t e t o c c reou n an d e Of r g ard al a s ba ds s ams ig n eou s roc k T o ou t h e D e on ian oc s of N o hr ug h t v r k rth an d S ou t h De on v , w e e i e on e are s oc e in h r l m st s a s iat d slates in thin se f o i i f e ou s e i c e n , e e are o an ss l r l t l s th r als b ds, len tic les or 332112: IN TROD U CTION . 5 of own e ow or red f e m e du e t o t he c om e e br , y ll , riabl at rial , pl t or art ial re lac em en t of c arbon ate of lim e by f errou s ca rbon ate an t he su sequ en t dec om position of t h e latter ac c om pan ied B e of e e n c e i n c kn e by t he oxidation of t h e iron . ds s v ral i h s thi ss both in Cu lm lim eston es an d in t he Middl e D evon ian limeston es e e c In h e Lowe D e on n c c eou have be n thu s r pla ed . t r v ia al ar s n t h e e e on of o n c ru c u e ow n t o t he c om ba ds pr s rvati rga i st t r , i g

e on of t he f e e u e i s e an d e f ec . pr ssi riabl r sid , v ry partial imp r t

In t he c e of n eou n t h e e c em en of t he as ig s ba ds, r pla t orig inal m in erals by sec on dary produ c ts has been i n m an y cases en tirely obliterated by dec om position ren derin g t he roc ks wo e f or e o o c n e on an d on i n u e rthl ss p tr l g i al i v sti ati , ly dist g ishabl m g f rom dec om posed elast ic ateria s by prac tic e i n t he field . The loc al distribu tion of c olou rin g m atter aff ords a f requ en t o e t o t h e e y ec o n on of oc o e w e in bstacl r ad r g iti r ks , th r is similar, t he field . It o e t o sa in e t o c eou e t o w a is imp ssibl y r g ard alcar s b ds, h t e en sili c ifi c at i on m a e en c e e e of t he xt t y hav tak la , as xampl s partial replac em en t of dark c ri n oidaplim eston e by qu artz are e on n e T n e H e The silic ifi c observable in t h e c oast s cti ar i s y ad . ation of f pssils is also oc c asion ally m et with in t h e Torc ross Sec on w e Lon S n ou of B er H e in S ee ti , hil at g a ds , s th ry ad, ( h t a f rag m en t of FaVOSi t id c oral was f ou n d t o b e en tirely replac ed

In t h e Torc ross ec on c u e of on - i e e by qu artz . s ti b s ir pyr t s app ar c n d o e e c e o n u c o . t o have locally r pla d rg a isms, s h as ri i ssicl s

Eff ec t s of La tera l P ressu re.

e ou n ot wit h st an di n c e i c e on It mig ht b th g ht that, h m al alt rati , w t o ascertain t h e relation s of t he roc ks of t is distric t ith its exten sive coast an d c reek sec tion s wou ld b e a c omparatively and we e n ot f or t he eﬁ ec t s of e e u e easy task, r it lat ral pr ss r ,

e c on e e u c wou b e t he c e. presen tly t o b sid r d , s h ld as

- m t he oc - d o C on f e ou e In pre Permian an p st arb i r s ti s r ks we e u ec t o on of th e N orthern an d Sou thern areas r s bj t l g d ou e e c on con tin u ed pressu re f rom a n orth an s th t rr strial of e an d we traction by whic h they were ben t i n to a seri es ast st f olds . n o c e of an n e o o e en ex In the N orthern Area tra s a t ri r m v m t ist, t h e Sou e n e t he hav e e o an d if su c h are presen t in th r ar a y hith rt _ . The e n c e of on i i u i on of t he esc aped detection . app ara z al d str b t t he en e e an d we roc ks in t he N orthern area is du e t o g ral ast st The o e of t h e strike con sequ en t on this m ovemen t. pr bl m h ow f ar we are en e t o e e e e t he dist ric t is , titl d r g ard th s b lts as u on n o e t h e f u c c e e ou . T e ou tcrops o s ssiv g r ps his q sti i v lv s s on t h e ou of t h e relation of t he Lower D evon ian roc k s th h L we D e on n o on t he n o of D artmou th slates t o t e o r v ia r cks rth e ou i e t u n de on i e a i on an d Wi b e that g rou p in ar as ts d tha r c s d r t , ll ref erred t o f u rt her on S ALCOMB E . 6 GE OLOGY OF K i N Gs nRi D GE A N D

a . St ru c t u ra l P hen om en d t o t h e en eral east an So f ar ref eren c e has only b een m ade g e b c on n l es e b u t t h e w o e c ff ec y sta t smal w t strik , h l distri t is a t d e c u r e w c ob sc u e t h e larg r v s, li c at i on s of en e , h , t v ry sharp i h r ween B eesan ds an d B c on h e distrib u tion of t h e g ri ts b et ea i n ou t of i n i i u P o n n o of H o e m b e du e t o t h e dy g d v d al i t, rth p , ay of he e w e e f olds an d t h e s am e i s t h e c as e i n other parts ar a h r , t n t h e ab sen c e of su f ﬁc ien tly m arked litholog ic al hori z o s d es n ot " o n e Th e i i u o allow of their bein g shown by bou n dary li s . d str b ti n

en S c i owe e h ow t h e. ou n an d of t h e Gre h sts, h v r , s s rapid tr g hi g i n n osin g ou t of syn c lin al an d an tic lin al c u rves a m arked man n er . In c on sequ en c e of this irreg u lar plic ation loc al strikes are w t h e en e e an d w e e t hi s the of ten at varian c e ith g ral strik , , h r is c e e e en ec on n o - ea e n d ou as , th ir pr val t dir ti is rth st rly a s th as f or e m e Colla i t C ee off t he K i n e westerly ; xa pl by p r k, g sbridg E u an d i n of t h e c o s e ween H o e an d T u e st ary, parts a t b t p h rl s ton e. From Challab orou g h t o t h e mou th of t he Y ealm t he strikes ° n f o o e w f ew e c e on n E 1 N a o t he e e f o . 5 nd r sh r ith x pti s ra g r m . ° d S W W . 1 5 S . t o N E . an , . — Throu g hou t t h e distric t n orth westerly an d sou th - easterly st rikes are so loc al an d exc eption al that they m ay prac tic ally b e T e m m ig n ored . h acc o odation of t h e diverg en t strikes t o the en e e an d we e of h u g ral ast st strik t e roc ks m ay b e shown th s.

' FIG 1 — D z a ra m ex lan at or t i k . g p y of S r es.

Th e g narling i n t he D evon ian Roc ks may b e drawn f rom hand ec i m en i n t he c c om n n e m e f ro sp s, as a pa yi g xa pl s m Tin sey H ead. — FIG . 2 . Gn arled ra m en t s o Ti n se H f g f y ead beds.

In l " e am i n ed ar 1llac eou s and sil b t r at t c i ll swe t o ﬁ n e c leav a ' A end ag e i s o §t en p esen i n t he ali' i t enc y r t g llalbibu gl aﬁii s IN TROD U CTION . 7

In in t erlam in ated hard g rits an d shales t he plan es of sc histosity are g en erally beddin g plan es ; in t he arg illac eou s roc ks they are g en erally du e t o c leavag e with whic h beddin g ac c iden tally c oi n c e w e in l c eou oc w e of r t he f o m e id s hil ar il a s r ks ith b ds g it, r r are u u l c e eg w t he la e are l r n t s al y l av hilst tt r partial y so o o at all . Ac o n e c e e l e na e b eddin is oc r ss ﬁ ly l av d dark s at s, g rl d l ally own n f e u n ou n i n e of f o or 0 13i e sh by thi rr g i s ba ds, l s ssils, mark d n c o i di ati n s . Gn n or en en c t o o e e e l n o c ea e in arli g , a t d y it, is m r sp cia ly ti bl

- e or n e m n ed e an d f e u en hard g rit shal s i t rla i at b ds, it is r q tly e en n e f u or c em en ou c on o on pr s t ar small a lts, displa ts thr g h t rti n strai . Fu rther examples of these stru c tu res with relation t o bedding an d c leavag e are iven i n t he illu s tration s f rom Collapi t Creek an d i n t h e s u c c eeging sketc hes (see The e e f o lla i ' i m a b third xampl r m Co p t (lieek (F g . 5) y e merely t he c c en u on of c o o in e b u t en in c on a id tal distrib ti l r g matt r, tak n ec t i on w t he ec on e m 4 u h ith s d xa ple (Fig . ) it s g g ests t e g n arlin g of of b e n n e of o or f u i n In s t ddi g pla s a m re less err g ou s c harac ter. this c on n ec tion it is n ec essary t o poin t ou t t he very f requ en t represen t ation of b eddin at in tervals i n t he dark shales an d e of t h e Torc ross an B eesan ds an d t h e H 0 e an d T u e slat s , p h rl ston e c oasts (an d t he sam e is t h e c ase in t h e Pl ou t h S ou n d ec on own n of c o ou on we red or s ti ) by br ba ds l r ly, as ll as y hard own f e u n ou s H n d or e n e o br rr g i films . ard ba s v ry thi b ds, pr bably e u n f om ec o o on an d o on of m e t on e r s lti g r d mp siti xidati li s films, oc c u oc e e c om arat i v el w e n e c e of r l ally, s parat d by y id i t rspa s of e c eou e w o w en t h e n are s t r arg illa s matt r, hi h hard ba ds f in F fi n e c e e i n n e o en ow t he e c i . g arl d , t sh s , as sk t h ( g a l avag c n of t h n n In B owc om e C ee t he dire tio of t he axes e g arli g . b r k o on Fi oc c u i n u f f t h e in stan c e of sharp c on t rti fig u red ( g . rs b w n n m n e In c e t h e an d yello ish fi ely i terla i ated shal s . this as e i n of e eem t o e m n e t h e c on o t on if sh ar g sharp ax s s s t r i at t r i s, as c u t off f u on e t e e and c e e m a e en c e. by a lt i h r sid , l avag y hav tak la ' C o u e b Pro e o In t h e Torc ross u rve (Fig . als fig r d y ss r * B on n e we e e e eff ec of t h e n n of n y, hav a v ry pr tty t g arli g thi T e e e ban ds of harder m aterial oc cu rrin g i n t he slates. h s hav b een split u p an d drawn ou t vertic ally alon g t he c leavag e so as n f l n t ic les H ad t h e e n een e t o t o f orm ba ds o e . hard r ba ds b abl resist dismem bermen t they wou ld have been arled . ' W t h e e e e- o ou re s t m e t e here rath r hard r pal c l d, y at rials m n e in n e n e e t h e n e of e in are 0 t er do i at i t rlami at d b ds , li s b dd g s o broken an d distorted i n t he direc tion of c leavag e as t o b e en e ou ou w t he e c eou e m en c u n bl d d thr g h t ith dark r arg illa s s di t, a si g t h e roc k t o presen t a cu riou sly brec ciated appearan c e with n o n n e of m i n i on domin a t li s la at . In t he c o ec on ou of Torc ross an d n o of H o e ast s ti s s th rth p , len ticles with f ossils oc c u r sparsely alon g t he plan es of schi st osit b u t w b e een f o t he e e Fi . u n e y, , as ill s r m last xampl ( g l ss u in c on n u ou n en n o e n f o ow these oc c r ti s alig m t, it by m a s ll s that

u a rt . Jou rn . Geol. Soc v ol. Pl e I . 26. Q , at , p ALCOM B E . 8 GE OLOGY or K IN GSB RID GE AN D S

erstau ek W. o G Colla i t Cre , f i re k FIG . 4. p FIG . 3. Collap t C e .

Sli al es (n ot c leav ed) g n arl ed i n Grey sh ales with hard b rown b ed v i c in i ty of c rac ks ﬁlled b y ﬁlm s g n arled f ora di st anc eof 4 yards; u z Q. O q art , Q c leav ag e i n direc ti on of axes of gnar li n n ot b e i n t he f e u i nou s g , r ak g rr g

b an ds.

‘ IG 5 olla i t reels. F . . C p C Ree n a r FIG . 6. B ea c h f e r Ge ston . ' ‘

L am e li t ln .

D istrib u tion of b rown c onc entri c f erru g i nou s c olori ng m atter i n l sof t s ates or shales .

FIG. 7. B owc om be reek o K i em et er . C W. f n g sbridg e C y

n d sha Co torte les.

FIG 8 T . . orcross Clef .

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Con o t ed sl h t r ates wi t ig neou s roc ks

- E 1 0 GE OLOGY or K IN GS B RID GE AN D S ALCOM B .

o c n c oc w en e o i n c e c an o e i e b e V l a i r ks, h th ir rig is l ar, s m t m s

In t h e c e ﬁ red Fi . t h e taken as eviden c e of beddin g . as ( g i n of he ig n eou s ban d seem s t o b e an in dic ation of t e bedd g t li lac e i n w c oc c u w c e en on slat s hi h it rs, ith a displa m t al g a sharp m ei d n an tic lin al axis where beddin g an d c leava g e are c o e t . In s e c c eou s e or e an d i n e hard hal s, al ar shal s, g rit silty shal s, t r lam ii at ion s of ese m e in t h e e m e f om T n e i th at rials, as xa pl s r i s y

an - H e Fi . c e e if e en a e u n e e o e ﬁ ssile ad ( g l avag , xist t, is r th r d v l p d en en c m o e en in t he of t e am i n ae w i c of en t d y, r appar t s r l h h t n Roc of m c c e t o exhibit strai slip c leavag e. ks si ilar hara t r those of T n e H e f o m r of e c eef Coc krid e Po n n e i s y ad r pa t a b a h r at i t, ar n Th e e o We t he m ou th of t he River Avo . g rit shal s st c om b e ’ ' c are e e n Mr Mildm a s T H B e u f u n e . ea ou e a h b a ti lly g arl d b hi d y s . i n t he e c Fi ere u z e n b u t n o At . c ea e x sk t h ( g th is a q art v i , l vag is

be B ea FIG . 1 1 . B ehi n e est c om d Tea H ou s , W c h.

v e e o e . In Colla i t C ee in on e ot n e a e re isibly d v l p d p r k s , ar sh a d o c oc e ow e w ar red n ow p rphyriti r k, y ll ish shal s ith b ba ds sh n n u n c om ni e c e e Fi partial g arli g ac pa d by l avag ( g .

FIG. 12 B Co l i . l ap t Creek.

B B c o e C ee ow N E . of H H ou e en y mb r k, ig h s , dark , appar tly a c c eou e w p rtially al ar s, shal s ith trac es of c rin oids exhibit n n i g arli g (F g .

FIG . 1 3. B ow c om be Creek.

On t h e Re e o e Coa t h e a “ v lst k st, strat con sist of hard slates - e r an d - g rit shal s, g its m u d ston es e , g r atly c on torted and Of en c e e e are e ea e t l av d ; th y r p t d by n n u e e f o t h i m rabl lds, e sharp IN TROD U CTION . 1 1

edg es of t he reef s bein f requ en tly du e t o j u n c tion of c leav a e an d e n l n e (In i Coas e oo b ddi g p a s. th s t v ry g d examples of t ge n u e an d e n e of n c n on of c e e partial at r , variabl a g l s i li ati , l avag are ff o e t he e an d u on e w n t e e a rd d by slat s m dst s ith i rbedd d g rit. F o t he f o e o n e e wou ee n n r m r g i g xampl s , it ld s m that g arli g is i n dic ative of t he resistan c e of beddin g plan es u n der c ertain c on dit i on s t o c leav a e on or e t o t h e e c om e on ﬁssi , rath r lat ral pr ssi w c i n t he so oc of Torc ross Po n e u c e c e e hi h, t r ks i t, has r d d l avag n e i n t h e n e n e n e T n e Hea e m o e pla s , i t rlami at d g arl d i s y d b ds, a r or e en en c t o c e e an d i n t h e e m e f rom l ss slig ht t d y l avag , xa pl s E e M ou an d Co an d B owc om e C ee en rm th, lla it, b r ks, has appar tly f e in e u c n n t h e e e ec on s w e e oc ail d r d i g it. g r y slat s ti , h r l al n d or e m are e en n e e din so f e u en hard ba s s a s pr s t, g arl d b d g is r q tly een c o n c e e i n t he en c e of ec o n z e m dic a s r ssi l avag , that abs r g i abl

on s of b ed in t he . n e of c o m u b e e e ti g , la s s hist sity st r gard d as o e e n e an d ei r n n c n on n i c e of l ava pla s, t varyi g i li ati s as i d ativ i rreg u ar c u rvatu re or dist u rban c e in b eddi n In a spec im en of g rit - shale with thin arg ilfac eou s in t erlam in a * on f o S e F m n f t o Mr Te l a ti r m tok le i g (re erred by . al ) a p rtial c leavag e is displayed ; t h e sc histose ten den c y (or A u swezsc hu n g s kli v ag e) bein g diverg en t i n syn c lin al an d c on verg en t in n I e e s n c e f an c n e . f i c ou b e a a ti li al ax s th s ld r g ard d a pri ipl ,

u c u re in c leav a e wou en ot e n c n n e e f an - u e str t ld d sy li al, i v rt d str n in A s owe e in hi e of u e i c n b e c u e . t r a t li al, d g rv s , h v r, t s typ oc t he of e an d i nn e m n ae we e c om e e e ween r k , s t r th r la i r pr ss d b t e an d t c e e e e ou c an s c c e c o e on hard r hi k r lay rs, th ir b havi r ar ly rr sp d t o that of n early hom og en eou s m aterials u n der like c on di tion s of o e on In t he e we wou e e ec t he c mpr ssi . latt r, ld rath r xp t in c lin ati on of t he c leavag e t o b e in ﬂu en c ed by irreg u larities in t he e of c u u e— e c in n o m c u e n c n e in ax s rvat r v rti al r al rv s, i li d n e e c u e o e or e o z on w e e e c z i i v rt d rv s, m r l ss h ri tal h r v rti ally g e e d n e zag g d b d i g pr vails. Th e c o i n t h e N o e n ea are w oc s hist sity dips rth r ar , ith l al ° e c e on n e n n f om 60 t o e c . The x pti s , at hig h a g l s ra g i g r v rti al distribu tion of n ortherly an d sou therly dips alon g three tra verses f rom t h e m etamorphi c bou n dary n orthward t o t he mar i n of t h e m a s i s as f ollows

m m Mou t hwe l H e . nes di in no h and v er ic f or 1 . g ( o ) Pla pp g rt t al a dis nc e of 15 c h i ns. Vgrt i c al l e n i n wi h b o h n o he l an d ta a , a t r at g t t rt r y l e i c l o he l an d n o h - no h - wes e l sou he di s f or 60 c h in s. n t r y p , a V rt a , rt r y, rt rt t r y

di s f or 70 c h i n s. e i c l an d sou he l wi h oc c asi on n o he di s p , a V rt a t r y, t al rt rly p , f or 80 c h n s e ic al sou h- eas e an d sou h - sou h - e s e di s f or ai . V rt , t t rly t t a t rly p 0 c h n o m a m in 1 2 ai s t p arg . F o u nc i on wi h t he m e m o hic oc s i n S c om b e E s u 2 . r m j t t ta rp r k al t ary

n o hw d. e i c al wi h n o he di 8 som e as low as f or 45 c hains rt ar V rt t rt rly , , e i c l wi h no he l and sou he l i s i e u l l di s i b u ed f or 1 60 V rt a , t rt r y t r y p , rr g ar y tr t , c a ns . e i c l wi h sou he l an d oc c si on l n o he l di s f or 1 75 i V rt a , t t r y a a rt r y p c ﬁai ns.

. om B i c e on ll w e i c and no he l di s f or 3 Fr k rt Va ey n orth ard. V rt al rt r y p n s N o sec ion f r 5 ou he di s in land i n t he 50 c hai . t o 0 c hai ns (som e s t rly p

n i s . e ic l wi h n o l nd oc c si on l sou he l di s f or B eeso g r t ) V rt a , t rther y a a a t r y p he l di N o he di s f or 10 c h i n s . e t i c wi h sou s f or 70 c hai ns . rt rly p a V r al t t r y p 93 c hains . — - e M am . Gaol . Su rv e Geo o of t he Cou n ou n d To u . 22 23. Se y, l g y try ar rq ay p 1 2 GE OLOGY or K IN GS BRID GE AN D SALCOM B E .

Th e resol u tion of these dips in to c u rves does n ot g ive a workable stru c tu re c orrespon din g t o t h e distribu tion of t h e oc w c n ot t o b e won e e ow n t o t h e e en c e r ks , hi h is d r d at i g pr s of n u u m l t u i n t h e ec on e c e mero s s all f au ts an d hr sts s ti s , br a h s i n c on n u of ec on t ou t a u e e on &c . an d ti ity s ti s hr g h l s , v g tati , , more espec ially t o t h e loc al dif ﬁ c u lty i n distin g uishin g beddin g f om c e e n e . H ow e e n o w h an d n r l avag pla s v r , t it st i g these e c on t h e on n on i n n c n on of t he d tra ti s , c sta t variati s i li ati s plan es of sc histosity may b e taken as in di c ative of t h e presen c e of n u e ou ow e e n c on w c f u r e m r s shall r p ati g pli ati s, hi h is th r born e ou t t he di by stribu tion of t h e roc ks. D ISTRIBU TION OF TH E ROCK S OF T H E NORTH E RN ARE A .

CH APTE R II .

D ISTRIB UTION OF TH E ROCK S OF TH E N ORTH E RN RE A A .

The distribu tion of t h e roc ks will n ow b e treated i n detail oc ee n ou w om e of t h e e are e e c on c e e pr di g s th ard , as s typ s ith r al d , or n ot f ac or e o e i n t he c o ec on w c w satis t ily xp s d, ast s ti s hi h ill b e desc ribed later .

D ARTM OU TH SLATE S .

T rou .s t ru c t u rall t he o m o n f c o in t h e his g p , y m st i p rta t a t r N o e n e f o m t h e sou e c on n u on of t he K n rth r ar a , r s th rly ti ati i g s we an d D Th e c on n u of t he ou ar artmou th slates . ti ity g r p ’ with t h e Polperro varieg ated slates (with P t erasp z s rem ain s) has w w been trac ed f rom t h e Revelstoke Coast est ard . Th e roc ks c on of o e es w u f c e sist hard g l ssy slat s , hard silty shal ( ith s r a s S n e w e of w e c an d c e e m u on e or pa g l d ith flak s hit mi a) , l av d dst s n H r arg illac eou s slates (of ten striat ed by f ric tio ) . ard g rit o i e e qu artzite beds are irreg u larly distr bu t d i n t h e slates . Th se are we own on t h e Re e o e Co w e e e are e e e ll sh v lst k ast , h r th y r p at d n u m e ou c on o on an d on t h e S e e Co wh en c e e by r s t rti s , tr t ast , th y e een c e o z on f or om e n c e n n hav b tra d as a h ri s dista i la d, as w sho n on t h e m ap . N e K e on Co e on t h e ou c oa e c o e oc ar at v , s th st , a rath r ars r k w resem blin g arkose as n otic ed . Th e c harac teri stic tin ts of t h e slates are a blen din g of pin k * an d e een m o e u e an d een an d e een pal g r , ttl d p rpl g r ish , pal g r , b u t e e a en e c - red e lilac or b u fi n i n th ir pr v l t pal lila , g r yish , , ti ts in lan d exposu res of ten preven t their b ein g satisf ac torily f t h R n m o e e separated f rom roc ks o e i g r typ . N ear Strete (on t h e sou th) an d at M errifi eld an d n ear D it t i s c ombe (on t h e west) g rey an d g reen ish slates have been e e o en ou n n e b u t i n t h e ou t e n s parat d by br k b dary li s , as s h r part of sheet 350 there is n o proof that su c h separation s have an y At t h e u n c on of t h e m absolu te stratig raphic al valu e . j ti aps u n e e c on t h e D m ou e d e en d r d s ripti art th slat s isapp ar , appar tly, i n a series of an tic lin al plic ation s ; t h e c on tin u ity of thei r i n h e eastern (D artm ou th) an d we stern (Revelstoke) m asse s t n o e n c e i n area on t h e n orth (sheets 349an d 350) is by m a s r a , . t bein g represen t ed by a dou btf u l ban d abou t 1 0 c hain s i n W i dth i n t h e sou th - east c orn er of sheet 349 t o t h e sou th of E ast n Allin g to .

Mou h le u l m o ed wit h dark u e N ear E m e , p p p e s es, p p r t a r l at ttl . r l and eeni sh i n s are ic ll shown i n t he c li ﬁ s sou h of splotc hes g r t t , typ a y t M eadowsf oot B eac h. MB E 1 4 GEOLOGY OF K IN GSBRID GE AND SALCO .

D ou Th e m ost sou therly exposu re of c harac teristic artm th i t s m ou e ween slates is at t h e ben d in t h e river Avon n ear th , b t Shar lan d an d Coekrid e o n w e e u e o e are p g p i ts, h r p rpl g l ssy slat s m su c c eeded by reddish slates with lossy su rf ac es i n plac es ottled n een eges an d c on t ai n i n ri t with oc c asio al vivid g r pat , hard w P t er a s i s em i n or wri n e b eds sim ilar t o t h e ri ts ith p r a s at t , g . n i c i o &c on t h e ou c o of Co n w . T e n was . , s th ast r all his id t fi at ' rec en tly c on firm ed by t h e disc overy of t h e rem ain s of P t erasp z s k id Po n A c oc c o e n e m e in t h e e at Coe r e . slat s g i t st a d r al plat , D r A Sm Woo w een n en e . . ki dly id tifi d by ith d ard, had b f ou n i n t he m e oc u n t he d a shaly g rit at sa l ality, d ri g ' u of t c T n e eem t o n o e ou t en e s rvey h e distri t. his i li r s s s b ath t h e e n e wa b u t e e e en on e e e riv r sa d s a rd, its ast rly xt si is xtr m ly It e en o e m a em c e t he dou btf u l . is v p ssibl that it y bra g rits at Clan n ac om b e an d t he on n of n eou oc e m n e , l g ba d ig s r k that t r i at s A t ou 1 2 c n n ort h we of Clann a at Worthy Farm . ab t hai s st

t z - e e n are ex o d c om e e w t u ar se . b , v ry hard g rits i h albit v i s Similar vein s are also f ou n d y t he Avon n ear Coc ridg e Po n i t. Th e b n of t h e A on f om u e t o f m e n o a ks v , at r a q art r a hal il rth of B an t h am i c red an d e e w e s , display l la , , g r yish slat s ith hard b d of e een an d e c om c oc m u c c on g r y , g r ish, r ddish pa t g rit, l ally h t ort ed T e e m u b e n c u e i n t he D m ou e n e . h s st i l d d art th slat i li r, whic h throu g h a c u r v e i n t h e strike m ay exten d n orthwards n t o S i ic o C On t he o e of on t h e east ba k t dd m b e reek . b rd r A u n em ou t h P n on red o e e oc ou f oo in la tati a , g l ssy, sh ar d r k ab t a t thic kn ess rec alls t h e sheared ig n eou s roc ks of B rookhill n ear

Kin g swear . Throu g h t he c on stan t repetition by m in or c u rves it m u st b e born e i n m in d that there m ay b e an tic lin es of D artm ou th slates w c e e c e et ec on ou en c e of n e hi h hav s ap d d ti , thr g h abs disti ctiv h an d i n n oc l e For t he c c e o on t e c o n . hara t rs, b th ast i la d l a iti s sam e reason t h e m ain bou n daries of t h e g rou p c an hardly ever b e reg arded as defin ite an d satisf act ory . T c e of m e on e are e e i n t h e D ou e ra s li st v ry rar artm th slat s, an d c ou e u en t he lac k of f o n c n o e a e s tly ssil evide e is t r mark bl . A t Mid le Co e on t he S e e Co hi n n or en c e v , tr t ast, a t ba d l ti l of reddish limeston e presen ted obscu re trac es of small f ossils f fi h n u e e o s i e et c . In t he m e c l f f n e u n e s g g stiv s s, sa i li , d r S ea C ff Co e an G ou n om e n on t he u f c e or li ttag r ds, s marki g s s r a red e we e ou D r A S Woo a hard g ritty shal r th g ht by . . mith d w t o b e em n ard fish r ai s .

On t h e ou of P c Co e n of c u e red- own s th il hard v , ba ds r sh d br . f i e a d r abl material n dec om posed c u bes of pyrites su g g est t he f o m e e en c e of c c eou m of or n c r r pr s al ar s fil s a i stru c tu re. B ween Fern c om ' et y b e an d Fern c om e B eac h brown film s an d e en red m n ae o l c c eou imp rsist t la i , r ba y al ar s, are presen t in n e n e or e fi ly lami at d g rit silty s al s. ’ B e ween Piske s Co e an d S n Co e en u t y v a dy v l tic lar, artly c c eou n oc c u i n , u s an d een i d al ar s ba ds r hard p rpli h g r s es. T e e n are f o e t h e n o c u o h s ba ds rm d by i s lati n of g reen ish arg ill a , c eou s m e w e n o n ic e o at rial ith pal pi k rg a lim st n e c on tain in g t he DI RI I 1 ST B U T ON or TH E ROCK S or TH E NORTH E RN ARE A . 5

f f T e hon eyc om b e layers of plat es of P t era sp i s c om u bi c u s . h ir

m Woo w . iden tification was kin dly c on fi rmed by D r. S ith d ard Sim -ilar remain s are f ou n d i n roc ks of t h e same c harac ter on t he ou t - e a o of Co n w at Port wri n kle D own derr s h st c ast r all , , y, ' ’ St Pe e d S o Th e f of W s c lifi Co e n e . an e n . e e c e e t at b a h r s v , ar t r s ’ C u c Re el o e are on t he e of t h e Pi ske s Co e e h r h , v st k , strik y v b ds , an d c on tain red- brown f riable lam in ae su g g estive of dec om posed B own f e n d we e o n o c e i n c alc areou s seam s. r riabl ba s r als ti d

m - ﬂed lilac an d pu rplish m u dston e with hard g rit in a qu ar

ﬁl iddl D wn o - o VVorsewell Red- wn ow e g e o u f . o , s th br p d r oc c u i n a e an d c u t z - ein e e in Re Co e r h rd y lila q ar v d slat s v , t he m ou oa e E e b u t o m t o e e n eou oc at th h rm , pr xi ity sh ar d ig s r ks n e e o n ou f u re d rs th ir rig i d bt l . 30 1 u s A s ecim en f rom t h e c liff s sou th of S t rete (N o. 8 ) is t h Mr “ F n ae e ed . Te e n e u r lish wi n d scri, by all, i rai d p g rit th lami of c c eou n n e e m c osc o e L e mi a s sa dy shale. d r t i r p arg ly c o o e of u a z ou 1 m m i n m e e f e s mp s d q rt g rains, ab t . dia t r ; l par an d f ew e e of m c are so e en The u z a larg ﬂak s i a al pr s t . q art g rain s som eti m es in terloc k an d are sometim es separated by c ryptoc rystallin e m atter c on tain in g m in u te sc ales of a ” m c ac u n e i eo s mi ral. “ Ig n eou s roc ks are very oc c asion ally m et with i n t h e D art

ou la e of ea. T e e ou o n u e m a m th s t s this ar h s , th g h m stly i tr siv , y em o n e u I eou s oc oc c u Shev al b e i n part c on t p ra o s . r ks r at ’ Roc k an d n ear Pit t af ord (at P0 rd s Combe) in t he Strete Marwell n o of in m o e n e W s c . N e R e t c m b e distri t ar , rth g r , ar o

- e c ou we of . R n o e i n t h e c ff on e e e of b a h, s th st i g m r ; li s ith r sid E e Mou Carsewell Co e n e S ou B at t isb orou h rm th ; at v , ar th g . In B e on H u an d G Po n e e on u ac ill q arry, at ara i t, s g r g ati q artz albite vein s are of ten presen t in t h e S tret e an d Revelstoke c o ec on The u n c on e ween t h e D m ou e an d ast s ti s. j ti b t art th slat s t he o s of t he Meadf oot ou e c e w en t he d in c e r ck g r p, x pt h ist tiv f c are on ou n c e u T c c e o e e e. e are hara t rs a h pr d, is v ry vag h y se a e w ou t h e c o e of f o on in en e wa rabl , ith t dis v ry ssils, ly a g ral y. ere c e of c n o c o o or o oc c u t h e tra s ri ids, bra hi p ds c rals r strata are n ot n c u e i n t he D ou e w e e n u i l d d artm th slat s, h th r disti g ish able f rom them b c olou r or n ot . N o lit holog ic a c harac ters have yet been disc overed whic h wou ld en able on e withou t t he assistan c e of f ossil s or of c olou rin g t o say posit iv el w here t he D artmou th slates en d an d t he over of e owe f t h e Meadf oot er es e n lying types t l r part o s i b g i .

ME AD FOOT GROU P.

Ri e ng m or Type.

T e e oc on of e een i sh e s an d lilac l e h s r ks c sist g r y, , r ddi h s at s, ' i c eou or i a d e n e e an d e e t he dee partly s li s s lty, n biti g h r th r red o ou r o e w e ow an d een el ow wh c h c l , m t tl d ith y ll g r ish y l , i o a e se t he f o if e ou s a es a es an d r s of l cally char ct ri ssil r sl t , sh l , g it W e e s ar Looe. rit e in n u e ro o on an d h r g disti g ishabl p p rti , w e e t he ot i n a o e ef e e t o on ou n ed e are h r m tl g b v r rr d is pr c , th y 1 6 GE OLOGY or K INGSB RIDGE AND S ALCOMB E .

m a T e e are e in dic ated by darker tin ts on t he p. h r dark g r y f i slates splotc hed with red (olig iste) am on g st t h e roc ks o th s S i n e e e ween Gov et on an d B u c n Tou , t p , as b t kla d t a ts v ry y ' '

- ween h e Si m ilar t o dark red splotc hed slates at Looe bet t

d . h D artm ou th slates an d t h e reddish f ossilif erou s Looe be s T e h type c orrespon ds in c harac ter an d f ossils t o t e reddi sh f o u Looe b e b u t ou eem i c e ssilif ero s ds, , alth g h it s s by pl at d e e on t o e c on e e e en on e en c on r p titi hav a sid rabl xt si , it vid tly sti t u t es b u t m an d e u e e o e of t h e ou a s all irr g larly d v l p d part g r p, w c ewn i n t h e we e n c o ec on c on t o hi h , as is sh st r ast s ti , sists a e e en of re or e e an d n e m n e e n ot r at xt t y r ddish slat i t rla i at d b ds, distin g u ishable om beds i n t h e Torc ross slates an d t h e Tin sey H e e ad b ds . S eam s of brown f riable f ossilif erou s material “ have been en c ou n tered in m an y plac es throu g hou t t h e exten sion of t h e R n o e e b u t t e e e u f e c c eou n e i g m r typ , h s r sid a a t r al ar s ba ds hav been so c ru shed that it is exc ept ion al t o ﬁ n d g en eric ally iden t iﬁ e f o in em A c u i m e on e om abl ssils th . t al l st e is s ld disc overable in n n oc e an m e en b ed or t wo has een e ec e i la d l aliti s , i p rsist t b d t t d at H oldit c h n e B owrin slei h we of K n e . C n o , ar g g ( st i g sbridg ) ri idal

m e on e m an d en c e of en red- n e are m et w in li st fil s l ti l s, t stai d , ith t he river Avon sec tion opposite A u n em ou t h Plan tation an d " e ween Coekrid e an d S n Po n n e t h e ou of t h e b t g har la d i t, ar m th Filf n s of re an d r f c rin oi al r river. y e d limeston e a e of f requ en t oc c u en c e i n e of A rm er Co The f o i f e ou rr t e slat s y ve. ssil r s m W e e en e t h e oc t he e n c e of e fil s , h r appar t, g iv r k app ara shal , b u t this m ay b e du e t o c oin c iden c es of c leavag e an d beddin g in e ou an d i n om e c ases t o t h e o on of e n a slat g r p , s dist rti b ddi g on e n In t he f ollowin n o e on f o i f e ou al g c l avag e la es. t s ss li r s ' oc i e i n t h e gi in m ore ou roc ee n f ro e t o we l al ti s g g r p , p g m ast st, t h e e m e u e w su b eet t o ou t r shal is s d al ays ] this d bt. On t h e sou th side of Slapton W ood c ru shed trac es of Spi r if erf a an d c n ri oids are m et wit h i n shales with irreg u lar shaly g rit. B etween Slapton an d , Pool hard reddish g lossy slates c on tain c u e own f o c t on w c B on v on e n c r sh d br ssil as s, am g st hi h ar R i a h ec o n e H erac ri n af s c c hi n a t u s S n an d Rh nf c hon ella r g is d , a db . a y . S f S on ou o n ea F n c e Woo c e of c n o &c . th lapt , r ra d , tra s ri ids, were n otic ed i n oc c asion al brown film s i n reddish (partly silic eou s) shales.

N e Lowe Colt sc om b e on t h e n o - e an d we e e are ar r , rth ast st, th r

u e in c - red e an d e n e e e w q arri s hard lila shal s g rit shal s , i t rl av d ith om e c u s e f o f e o u m e c on n n c e of n o . s r h d ssili r s at rial, tai i g tra s cri ids A larg e distorted im ression resem b lin g St rept orhyn c hu s (St ro ’ hi odon ta i a s an p f m en of P leu rodi c t u m p ) g g a rag t y . B y t h e o f om D arn ac om b e t o H e on o n r ad r arl st , at a p i t ou - we of L owe Colt sc om b e n u m e s th st r , rou s c r u shed f ossil . ' i f m e i on , i n c u n c i n o s Za hr en t z s pr ss s l di g r id , p , an d ossibly ' p H om a lo t s l ' n o u an d P eu rodz c t u m - , oc c u i n c re y r lila d shales . On t h e f c n t h e o e on t h e ou - hill , a i g ab v s th , lilac an d red brown "

h e w s and red- b r s al s , ith haly g rits oWn f ri able m atter rec all t he , ec i on Sm u Co T e e o u a . N s t at g g l rs v , rq y ear this lilac shaly g rit s

1 8 GE OLOGY or K IN GSB RID G E AN D SALCOMB E .

ﬁ l m a e e o e i n ar e red- brown f ossilif erou s powdery s r p s d qu ri s ° x an d 0 t 50 f e i c i gi v i n g sou therly dips of 70 t o a lspath g r t d e of C o i e a e t o was n otic ed an d n ear this an ast r ss , alb t pp ars

‘ ' e n . At G ov t on on t h e we b e resen t i i i t h e qu artz v i s e , st , e are e o e i i n n o w f ossilif erou s g reenish shal s xp s d , d pp g rth ard . c o t h e s e m ou of Gov et on ac e N ear t h e f ootbridg e a r ss tr a , s th , tr s

e e i n l a c re an d reem sh a e . Ju s of c rin oids were obs rv d il , g y , g sl t s t sou th of H ig her Sig don a sm all qu arry exposes f ossili f erou s g rey sl ates c on tain in g p hren t es . A t abou t 1 45 c ha ins Sou th of Whitepost Cross very f ossilif erou s hard reddish shale was tu rn ed 11 in exc avating a hole f or a tele g raph ost ga m on st t he c ru shed ossil c as ts were f orms resem blin g d P i n ea In t he N o Rhyn c on ella da end em i c an t er . rth of Kin g s

“ e n e P o ec t H ou e red f o i f e ou a e n o bridg , ar r s s , ssil r s sh l s dip rth a N o 0 K n e an d we of C of a e t rth i g sbridg st r t, p l g reen ish e e f o l f e ou a e of e c t he e e t he y, v ry ssi i r s sh l s, xa tly sam typ as oSsilif ei - ou s shales of Ring m ore; are ex osed i n t he Railway

“ Cu ttin g ; they con t ain c ru shed an d st arted exam les of S a -a ri m oev a an d o e c hi o o an d of Za w att s p p th r bra p ds p . At H oldit c h n ea B owrin slei h we of Ki n r e , r g g , st g sb idg ,lilac an d red shales an d g rit - shal es c on tain shaly red crin oidal lim e

on e an d a c eou en e m ost l ec o o e t o re - st c l ar s l ticl s, d mp s d d brown

- ow e w c of u c o e o o . In B owr n p d r, ith asts m h dist rt brachi p ds i g ’ e Woo n e P e Co e om e e f o f e ou c - r sl ig h d, ar i r s ttag , s v ry ssili r s lila ed g lossy shales con tain abu n dan t trac es of cru shed an d broken ' f o am on whi c h a of t h e t en e a of e o ssils, g st art ﬂa t d c st a valv f a ' larg e brac hiopod (prob ab y a Spi rtf erf -a ) was f ou n d ; j u d ng f rom t h e z e of t h e es on t h e e i c e f o e hi n si impr si , v rt al d pth r m t g e a e een ou an n c an d a mu st h v b ab t i h a h lf . ' In e ween N o t on an d r e Wo ou e a q b t r b idg rkh s , l ' ' e of ar a n t f ro 6 i n. t o 1 8 in; eh are e o e b ds h d i c , m t , xp s d in N h of o e eas o Ra e n ea h n c es . ort S f t e o e n lila shal rl y, t k , r rth r marg in of t h e m ap t he su rf ac e stones of lilac brown an d r n and a e e e e e o S t addon g sa dy rit sh l r s mbl typ s f rit. e ' ryast - nort - east of Chu rchstow (n ear t he head of t he ordswood e ou of Le c m m e n e are in t erlamin vall y) s th ig h, lila shi ri g shal s ' ated with red- brown f ossilif erou s f ri able seams showin g n u merou s di o e c a t of ac o o s n c u n S i ri em and of st rt d s s br hi p d , i l di g p f , c n o s et c . On t he o o 1 e e of t he a e in i a es ri id , pp s t sid v ll y, l l c shal ' wi t e u al t red- own f o f e ou f r e m e h irr g lar sh y , br ssili r s iabl att r

o e en . On e slo es of t he n e a e on t he we is als pr s t t xt v ll y st, e ween C u t o an ac e e w d H are e era e o u e o b t h rchs t h, th r s v l xp s r s f f o l f e ou e on e of e e on t he wes e o t he e ssi i r s shal s ; th s t sid f vall y, " ou u e of e f ro H ow r re at ab t a q art r a mil m atch , sh s ha d g y

- a e a d - lilac sh l s n g rit shales with red brown f riable material a nd ' n u e ou c u e c as s of c o o n u n S i rf if em m r s r sh d t bra hi p ds, i cl di g f s ec i osa P tem n ect s i n osa an d a p , p , tr ces of c ri n oi and ‘ m est ella ? Sou - of of F , on t h e e th this sam side of t he valley, ‘ “ a d red- o n brown n w t f g en are f ou n on t he u f a e “ br ' ra m ts d s r c , on t ai n Plewrocgct u m an d c y p roblem ati c u m St re r hu s , p to hym w sawwn t osu s ? an d Fav osi t id a c oral (St ri a t op om ? At fi errifi eld n e t he hea of t h e n e , ar d xt valle on t he west w y . bro n D ISTRIB U TION OF TH E ROCK 1 S OF TH E N ORT H E RN ARE A . 9 c rushed f ossil film s are visible in hard lilac an d g re shales an d ’ i e A u arr w rt shal s . q y b t he valle bet een N u c kwe an d Laver s gen em en t exposes har g rey sha es with red (olig iste) m ottled su rf ac es an d with brown f ossilf erou s i n t erfi lm in g s ; simi lar shales are e o e in u t he h o t o A e on G ff o xp s d a q arry by hig r ad v t i rd , between Merrifi eld an d Creac om be ; f ossils in either c ase bein g c u e en e o i n on en er c ec n o . r sh d, appar tly b y d g i r g ti

B t h e u u m of t h e A on n e Sou Ef f o e f o y all vi v ar th rd , v ry ssili

f f e ou red- own e c on ain S i ri em Za hren t i s an d r s br shal s t p f , p , St re orh n c hu s In u n e t . e f o f e ou p y a q arry ar this , v ry ssili r s g reen ish - g rey shales are assoc iated with lilac an d g rey shales an d shal an c on n r d S i era Za hren ti s ? an d c n o s . y rit, tai p if , p ri id ’ Sou 0 f e o e n e Lowe S t adb u r n e Re n o P th t ab v , ar r y, ar y ld s ark , an d e ween W e an d B an t ham t he u rf c e e en c e in b t hitl y , s a vid , e u e t he su osit ion e of B ee on an d lac s, j stiﬁ s , p that g rit b ds s parb erry types are loc a y assoc iated with t he shales an d g rit e T oc on o e en o t h e n shal s . his ass iati is m r appar t n orth an d we o Clan n ac om st f b e.

u z - t e e n oc c u in e e u m e on n t o t Q art albi v i s r , b ds pr s ably b l g i g his e on t he we n of t he R e A on 30 c n o e typ , st ba k iv r v at hai s ab v S t i ddi c om e c a d i n u o T u e n b ee n e f o e. r k , a q arry ast h rl st The ban ks of t h e A v on f rom Stokes H ill t o B an t ham af f ord in ter e n e osu e i n w c are en c ou n e e e an d l c e sti g xp r s , hi h t r d g r y li a shal s an d - e ex hib it in n arlin in c e oc c on w g rit shal s g g pla s, asi ally ith e of f r e of ggeeson e oc c on w b ds iabl g rit typ s, asi ally ith hard c om pac t g rits ; with thin s eam s of sheared an d dec om posed o c n c oc in c e of t he D arn ac om b e e e e v l a i r ks pla s ( typ ), v ry rar ly w The a e c on i n ow e exc eedin g t o f eet in thic kn ess . sh l s ta p d ry f ossilif erou s seam s i n several plac es an d are iden tic al in c harac t er w t he f o f e ou e of Colt sc om b e et c . ith ssili r s shal s , Followin g t he west ban k of t he river At 1 5 c n own e m f om S o e H e o e red hai s d str a r t k s ill, g r y ( lig ist ) ' m ottled shales oc c u r ; at f rom 30 t o 34 c hain s lower down Sp i mf n e on t he c u e f o in t h e own m f em , is rec og isabl am g r sh d ssils br fil s w c f o 1 0 t o 1 5 c n f u t e ou in c e e n hi h, at r m hai s r h r s th, pla s still r tai A t 35 c n own e m f o t he a calc areou s c harac t er. hai s d str a r m last m en on e re e w en c e of c n o m e on e are ti d, y shal s ith l ti l s ri idal li st e n e i c e m o e w een c e an d f u e visibl ar la shal s ttl d ith g r pat h s, rth r on g rey red (olig iste) mottled shales a n d li lac red shales . At u 1 3 c n f om t h e e on e en c e red c n o m e abo t hai s r lim st l ti l s, ri idal li ston e films with Zaphrf m t is oc c u r i n reddish shales wi th c ru shed o F o t o n ou w an d ou n t he en in t h e f ssils . r m his p i t s th ard , r d b d e t he e o u e c hi e c on of c an d e e w riv r, xp s r s fly sist lila g r y shal s ith c om c e m u c c on o e w c o e on t o t he pa t g rit b ds , h t rt d, hi h pr bably b l g D a t m ou e e n i n e w t he oc s of e e r th slat s, b i g strik ith r k that s ri s at

Coekridg e Poin t. The en i n t he c o ou of Mou n Fo n e c o n c e b d ast , s th t ll arly i id s with t he strike of red an d pu i lish slates wit red shaly c ri n oi

e c on n n Za ;pman t i s an d red- ow n n eou dal limeston s tai i g p , a br ig s on e u n i n t erv en rock with f retted su rf ac e. This limest ; j dg i g by t o e o t he in w c ow e c u u e, ee b n g dips, hi h sh strik rvat r s ms

7294. 20 GE OLOGY OF K IN GSB RID GE AN D SALCOMB E .

' f horiz on of t h e red c rin oidal lim eston e ﬁlms with Zap hr en t t s previou sly m en tion ed . Th e c oast rou n d Sharplan d Poin t t o Challab orou g h (in c lu di n B o ou I n c on s s of c —red an d e e w o r g h sla d) i ts lila dark g r y slat s, hi are distribu ted i n a m an n er su g g estin g m u c h plic ated repetition . There are several poin ts of in terest on t h e east ban k of t h e River Avon above B an t h am lilac - red f ossilif erou s shales are visible by St adb u r W oo an d woo f u e 11 e n ob t h e y d by a d rth r , b i g pr ably m e han d o on e f om t h e o o e 0 of t h e e f e sa , pr l g d r pp sit si riv r ; riabl g rit b eds are eviden c ed in their Vi c in it Lilac an d g rey shales i n terlam in ated with gritty m aterial syow gn arlin a f ew c hain s t t he m ou 0 St iddi c om b e n orth of St iddic om b e Creek. A th Creek there are g reen sheared ig n eou s roc ks i n dark g rey an d

c sl e or e a o een - e oc fi n e t u if ? w lila at s shal s , ls a dark g r g r y r k ( ith ’ da lei den s s Th e n u m erou s im pression s of Rhyn c hon ella (R. z c rin oidal lim eston e film s on t h e opposite side were n ot observed on i e of t h e e b u t u i e o e if e en this, s d riv r, it is t p ssibl that , p rsist t, their c on tin u ation m ay b e c on c ealed by t h e allu viu m of S t iddi om C ee c be r k. B etween B ig bu ry an d Rin g more f ossilif erou s g rey shales are exposed in a qu arry n ear t h e j u n c tion of stream s ; on e of e e ow ou w f om H ou on e wa u f o th s fl s s th ard r g ht , a littl y p it ssili ' f e ou e e c on n n Za hrf enf t c s are e o r s gr yish shal s tai i g p xp sed . In Ri n m o e o o e t he c u c h u t he o u n c r , pp sit h r , a q arry at r adj tion shews 2 eet of roc k of t h e D arn ac om b e type i n pale g reen ish g rey an d lilac g lossy shales an d rey shales with red (olig iste) N m o i n . u m e ou c of oss11s we e f ou n n c u n ttl g r s asts r d , i l di g ou fl en e m f ’ e on e em n S t ri era. ri m oeu a vari s att d i pr ssi s r s bli g p f p , S tre t orh n c hu s i a s or Or t hif s hi awlon p y g g , pp ym (Ort hot et es erson a t a o Za hren i 9 t s, n c n c o Stri a t o ora p ) als p a bra hi g ral ( p . ) an d e e e of o e on ou n ce D r H . Woo w a larg y tril bit , pr d by . d ard “ t o b e en an e e of P ha c o s la ti r on s or of appar tly y p f P h . F ern a n di o en o m ou z e f r s si . B e ween R n o e an d t h e c o n e f o f e t i g m r ast, g arl d ssili rou s g rey an d c d lila shales an g rit shales are exposed n ear Man or F arm an d n e Challab orou h Co . u ard S ar g ast tation lilac shaly g rit an d e w own f ossilifgrou s n hard shal s ith br ba ds. The c o ec on f om Wes t c om b B ast s ti r e eac h t o Challab orou g h c om m en c e i n D m s art ou th slates su c c eeded by dark shales c on i n i n i n e i n t erb an di n i n ta g th , hard r g plac es an d very similar in m n e ec t o o e of Torc ross an d T n e H e a y r sp ts th s i s ad. The dark e e c on i n c i n o e on e m an r y shal s ta r idal lim st fil s, areassoc iat c d with gi c een - m o e a d la gr ttl d n harden ed shales with red limeston e films ' c on i n i n Za hrf en t t s an d c no I ta g p ri ids. n on e plac e g lossy g rey a er shales Wi p p ec o o e f o of t h r y th d mp s d ssil films e Rin g more t pe are i i e. e m a b e i n v s bl Th y y a sharp syn c lin e or in terc alated . t h e e Wi c i n oi shal s th r dal films . The n u mber of in lan d loc alities i n w i c e of c o o are f o h h trac s bra hi p ds u n d c on trasts with t h e e e e pau c 1t y of u c e i n on t he c o w xtr m s h r ma s ast here c olou r c hang es f ro re d t o g e are f e u en an d on t he w ol m r y r q t h e of very little if an y r c n c n c e g . B e ween A e strati aphi al sig ifi a t r Cove and S (1g e we Co e t h e oc k eem ll v , r s s t o b e f or o t m s part plizat ed D ISTRIB U TION OF TH E RO CK S OF TH E N ORTH E RN ARE A .

e e on of o e of t h e Torc ross e L r titi s th s ty . ar e bloc ks of . p g rep c ri n oi dal limeston e have been u sed f or g ate posts at half a mile sou th of B ig bu ry ; they were n o dou bt obtain ed f o t h e n e ou r m ig hb rhood . Roc ks of t h e D arn ac om b e type oc c u r here an d there throu g hou t t h e area oc c u pied by t he Rin g m ore type as men tion ed i n t he f oreg oin g n otes ; b u t n o volc ani c o on c an e c T e e m a h riz b tra ed . h r y b e m an y m ore seam s of ig n eou s oc t n c an b e e ec e u f c e e en The e of r k ha d t t d by s r a vid c e. b ds t h e Rin g more type are represen ted at Sc ab b ac om b e San ds an d on t he ou of Crab roc k Po n in t h e c o ec on in ee 350 s th i t ast s ti sh t .

r r s e To c os Typ .

These roc ks c on sist of dark g rey slates weatherin g pale g rey an d own b u t n o of n e e een S o en m an d T u e br , rth a li b tw t k ha h rl In e m n e m on e Co e e are oc red. ﬁ l st tta th y l ally t rla i at d silty s , n d n of oc c u i n em en c e an oc c on e a . l ti l s, asi al b ds ba ds hard rit r th N u e ou n n of n eou s oc en e l m u c dec om m r s thi ba ds i r k , g ra y h A ou in m n posed are assoc iated with t ese slates . lth g h a y c ases t he n eou oc eem t o b e c on e o n eou f o im ersi st en c e ig s r ks s t mp ra s, r m p or c on c n n o b e o e n or c an e b e e en pli ati , this a t pr v d, th y rsist tly trac ed beyon d t h e limits in dic ated on t he m a ) phe beds of e f o e m o e n e in b readt ﬁ u n n n f o this typ rm a b lt r tha a mil , r i g r m an d Y m n It u n c r Torc ross Cliff s t o Thu rleston e ar ou th sa ds . is e ' tain whether a series of in terlam in ated ar llac eou s an d silty

e or - e w oc c on n 0 e or own b ds ( g rit shal s) ith asi al ba ds g r y br g rit , whic h are i n lic at ed assoc iation with g rey slates on t he n orth of C l n t on in slade C e on P F m E on Au on hil i , , harl t , ark ar , ast , t , Sou on an d T u e on e S n e on t o e or t o th ilt , h rl st a ds , b l this b lt Za hren t i s an d c rin oi oc c u e e an d t he Rin g m ore type. p s r h r e i n he e of t he T orc ross e Sm o n m th re t slat s typ . all rg a is s abou t t h e siz e an d sh a le of c an ary seed have been f o u n d i n r thoc er’ a s was f o n t he slates n ear S u n n yv ale (Su n n ydale). O u d

- N e t h e m ou of in a qu arry n orth west of Molesc om b e. ar th t h e A on n o of Lon S on e i n e c eef e v , rth g t , b a h r s a larg Ple-u rodi c t yw m was observed in g rey shales with a n ortherly sc histosity dip of From t he west side of Ayrm er Cove t o t h e mou th of t h e River Avon t h e c oast sec tion c on sists c hieﬂy of beds of t he Torc ross t e w c m a e on t o s z on e i n c e assom at i on w y hi h y b l g thi , pli at d ith e I n eou oc m t o o e i n t he begs of t h e Rin g m ore typ . g s r ks si ilar th s F om t h e A on Torc ross sec tion oc c u r i n eig ht or ni n e plac es . r v m ou th t o Thu rleston e San ds t h e Torc ross type is well exposed ‘ ff an d w t he e c e on of t h e o on o e on t he in t h e c li s , ith x pti pr m t ri s d of B o S n n orth side of Lon g S ton e an d at t h e n orth en r ad a d f an d of a n arrow ban d n ear Warren Poin t (on t h e n orth side o R n m o e or Thu rleston e San ds) where roc ks ref erable t o t h e i g r oc e oc c u e e w e e rev ails . I n eou e B eeson typ s r , v ry h r g s r ks hav f h e Lon S on e been n oticed i n s i x plac es on t e n orth o t g t N o promon tory an d i n abou t twelve plac es f u rther sou th . n e . are u f c i en i c t o b e c i n n of t he ig n eou s ban ds s ﬁ tly th k tra ed la d , Wi ose b u t their recu rren ce in beds iden tic al in c harac ter th th 22 GE OLOGY or K INGSB RID GE AN D S ALOOMB E

of o n i c i n t h e Torc ross c liff s poin ts t o a c on st an t repetition v lca ear' t o on The Torc ross e do n ot app o on , h riz s by plicati slat s _ i f t h e B ee on , c on tain ig n eou s roc ks in t h e vic in ity o s r ts f T u e on e san on n on e havin g been en c ou n tered sou th o h rl st s e c o and ou of Su n n e u on t h e , , t h e west, s th yval Q arry ast ast N o Poo H am or in t he in t erv eni n strip of c ou n try by rth l ,

Po n B lan ksm ill B ri e an d S ou H u . i t, g , th ish f 078 of e - c o ou e e Wi c e o In a spec im en (N o. 3 ) l ad l r d slat th tra s e ec e u n e t h e f om t h e Torc ross c o Mr. Te f ossils, r ast, all d t t d d r — “ f f e u n ou s c on e m ic rosc ope Idi omorphic rhom bs o a rr g i arb at ,

c e of m c c o e u a z &c . s al s i a, hl rit , q rt , t h e The roc ks of t h e Torc ross type are well represen ted i n w en S c ab b ac om b e c oast sec tion in sheet 350 i n man y plac es bet e

San ds an d Sou thdown Cliff .

B eeson Gri t s .

f u ar o e T o t h e sou th of t h e roc ks of Torc ross typ e beds o q tz s i n t e an d c om pac t g rit oc c u r i n very variable proportion h slates . Where possible t h e developm en ts of g rit have been shown on t h e m a i n t h e e e of c e e ween B eesan ds an d p, s ri s pat h s b t B e c on P oi n t b u t t h e ou n e of e e c e are n ec e a , b dari s th s pat h s ssarily in deﬁn ite . Th e hard beds of g rit oc c u rrin g in t h e c liff s sou th of B ees an ds e ou of H u c kh am an d in t h e S ou t h ool C ee ec t on villag , s th , p r k s i r n ot n c u e i n t em ou e e on t o t h e a e i l d d h , alth g h th y b l g ou as m o e t o c e em i n t h e e e n n g r p, it is i p ssibl tra th slat ar a i la d Th e n m e of t h e ou where there is a dearth of exposu res . a g r p en f om t h e e of B ee on w e e t h e t we e s is tak r villag s , h r g ri s r ﬁr t i en c ou n tered i n m appin g t h e distr c t . B oth i n their distribu tion an d variable c harac ters these g rits e e c ou n e i n t h e L ooe c an d e e hav th ir t rparts distri t , xhibit typ s

' The also m et with i n t h e W arb erry (St addon ) b eds of T orqu ay . obviou s irreg u l arity of their oc c u rren c e as shown by t h e patc hes on t h e m ap su g g ests syn c lin al or a n tic lin al stru c tu res en tailing t h e c orrelation of t h e Torc ros s slates with thos e sou t h of Tin sey On t h e o e n t h e e n b e H ead . th r ha d sam appeara c e wou ld produ c ed by t h e plic ated ou tc rop of a m ore or less im persist en t e e of i n t h e e in w c c a e t h e T n e H e e s ri s g rits slat s , hi h s i s y ad b ds u b e o e an d t h T r r s wo e o c o s ou e ow em . ld ab v , g r p b l th Th e g reatest developm en t of t h e g rits oc c u rs i n t h e B eeson an d Malborou g h (Abou t a half - mile n orth of Malborou g h e ween I on C e an d B e c on Po n a c e an d ac o b t lt astl a i t) p t h s , r ss e e e e are e f e e th s th r v ry w xposu res .

P oc ee n f om e t o we t h e c a c r di g r ast st , h racter of t h e ro ks a b e a e e f om t h e f o ow n n oo on m y g th r d r ll i g ot es . B y a w d sou th - west of B eeson irreg u lar lilac an d b u ﬂ shaly g rits are e o e i n u arri es e u m a f o n an xp d q , pr s bly rmi g an tic lin e n ear their s o u n c i on Wi t h e e e on t h e j t th g r y slat s n orth . Sou th of H u c kh am

u ow n c n e i n c - e e . c a q arry sh s a sy li thi k b dd d lila an d g rey g rits. D ISTRIB U TION OF TH E R CK S F TH E R 3 O O N O TH E RN ARE A . 2

N ea on t he o o e e of t h e n e en n e e e r this , pp sit sid i t rv i g vall y, th r is a qu arry i n g rey shales with c om pac t g rey g rit irreg u l arly c n o t orted .

Cr n o an d o c u e c o o e een f ou n in t he i‘ ids bs r bra hi p ds hav b d

c red- ec e - lila sp kl d g rits of t h e B eeson patc he s . N orth west of F o e e are t wo u e on o o e e f Th e rd th r q arri s pp sit sid s o a valley . e te n u c on t of at e or es w t e u as r q arry sis s _ sl s shal i h irr g lar c om c e Th e e e pa t g r y g rit . w st rn qu arry is t o t h e n orth of t h e ke Of t he e i n h . t e e s e n ow e ff e stri b ds a t r , it sh s pal bu brittl i an d own or n on e w n u m e ou g r ts br shaly g rit , sa dst , ith r s c u e an d o e c f c m n o o o &c . o r sh d dist rt d asts bra hi p ds , , a g st w Chon et es f ou n On t h e n f Poo hich is d . hill orth o S ou th l

e ow an d w - own e e u m o e or e h y ll hitey br , brittl , irr g lar , r l ss s aly oc c u oc c on l c on n n c u e an d o e c g rits r , asi a ly tai i g r sh d dist rt d asts of c an d n bra hiopods c ri oidal j oin ts .

' I n t h e Sou t h ool C ee ec on w i e e u l p r k s ti , hit sh g rit b ds , irr g ar en c u n an d eam s an d e of c om c r l ti lar g rit ba ds s , b ds pa t g it ' e c e u oc c u e e an d e e i n c e partly r pla d by q artz , r h r th r pli at d s t n as oc ia io with g rey slates .

We of H we H ou e t he e e of t he Wall ark c o st al ll s , g r y slat s p ast are associated with beds of brown brittle or f riable g ri t an d red t c ont n n i n c e c of c u e c hi o o shaly g ri , ai i g pla s asts r sh d bra p ds, m on w c S i ri era was ec o n e an d c n o em n a g st hi h p f r g isabl , ri id r ai s . Small c u bes of pyrites were n otic ed lin in g on e of t h e f ossil c avities . On t h e n orth c oast of H alwell Wood a shaly g rit in g rey slates l f u rn e c u e o n m Orthoc eras f . For ou we e ish d a r sh d rg a is , ( ) ab t t lv ' c hain s sou t h of H alwell Poin t shaly g rits are very oc c asion ally At e ou f o C e on C u resen t in t he slates . a mil s th r m harl t h rc h a pi ht own ec om o e oc w m e ten o a e g br d p s d r k, ith i p rsis t g l ssy sh l on n own f e m e in c e in whi c c n o ﬁlms , c tai s br riabl at rial aviti s, h ri ids n Th o Seem ed t o b e t he o ly rec og n isable or an ism s . e r c k may o Th e I have been orig in ally a f ssilif erou s or c a c areou s g rit. lton Ca e P n on c own on t he m a c on s of e stl la tati g rit pat h , sh p, sist g r y e oc e Wi w e ow or own - es an d slat s ass iat d th hitish, y ll ish br g rit shal The own o c on c on n o c u e c e shaly grits . br g rits c asi ally tai bs r tra s of f ossﬂs an d e en c u ou o u e u f c e ossi b l of , pr s t ri sly c rr g at d s r a s, y ri in A m hen om en on resen t ed e of organ ic o . si ilar is y b ds I‘pear Lin c om b e e gri t in t he s ates on t he Thu r eston e c oast. a g r y n e een n c e c oc c u i n t he e e on t he g rit ba d , ig ht i h s thi k, rs g r y slat s a In t he red n o of M o ou f o s sou th of t he t c h . g rits rth alb r g h ssil e een et ec t ed— n e A on u s e P le rodi c t c hav , b ar lst , cr h d w y l c of of n c h n c o an d c e o n e Ru wel , f ar g ast part a bra i g . ral tra s c n o In e rolon at i on t o B e c on Po n t h e - are ri ids. th ir l g a i t g rits i

- - n ds simi r re e en e f r abl; or e e ow own r b . la pr s t d by i brittl y ll br g t a , _ n he t o those c on stitu tin g t he patches shown on t h e ma betwee t Ca o c i o o an d B ee on e e o en . Malborou h s d v l pm ts sts bra h p ds, g ' d n Chon et es an d c n o we e f ou n e ween B e c on in clu i g , ri ids r d b t a I n eou oc are n ot e en in t he e Poin t an d Galmpton . g s r ks pr s t ar a

t he or n t he e on t he ou of e . oc c u pied by g rits , i slat s s th th m ' 24 GE OLOGY OF K IN GSB RID GE AN D SA LCOM B E .

Mr Te : Petrolog ic al N otes by . all

3082 f om t he hill on t he n o h of Sou h Poo . Fi ne A spec i m en (N o. ) r rt t l

v d b hi n u a z v ei n esem b li n s ec im en N o. 3081 rai ned g rit tra erse y a t q rt , r g p ff s u h of S e e b u t wi h less f e i c o ide and o he m m t he c li s o t tr t , t rr x t r im pu rity.

- A s ec im en N o. 3083 f om B eac on Poi n . Fm e i n ed u ish i p ( ) r t g ra p r l g r t, ’ p c om osed of u a z m i c a f els a l an d red c h es of f e i c o i de som e p q rt , , p r ( ) pat rr x , i m s showi n hom b i c ou li nes an d hu s c le l isi n f om t he dec om o t e g r t , t ar y ar g r p siti ou and di si nteg rati on of f errif erou s c arb onates . ’“ Mr H u n n o e . t t s A sli c e of t he B eesands g rit (4 c hai ns sou th of B eesan ds) c on tai ns m i c osc o i c ou m i n e of whic h on e m i nu e c s l has b een di s oc ed r p t r al , t ry ta l at and ec em en ed b u z hu s in di c in b o h sev e e s u eez e an d t he r t y q art , t at g t a r q i n c ipi en t f orm ati on of sec on dary m i n erals i n t he g rits. In a slic e of ﬁ n e g rit n orth of Ti n sey H ead a m in u te g rai n of tou rm ali n e i s sli h l lb ei di s i nc t l aff ec ed b solu ion wi h i n di c a i on s of t he g t y, a t t y, t y t , t t u li n rec rystalli sati on of sec on dary to rma e. In view of t he u n c ertain ty as t o t h e position of t h e B eeson o he e of t h r v iz . w e e an ou c o e t e Torc ro g its, , h th r t r p ab v b ds ss type or an an t i c li n al rolon g at ion of t h e roc ks of t he Ring more e wou b e dpe t o c o e e e w an c typ , it ld i rr lat th m ith y parti u lar o z on i n t h e c o ec on i n S T e do n o h ri ast s ti heet 350. h y t resemble t he Lon S n e ec n t he o on of w c in g a ds g rits, r sp ti g p siti hi h t he series a sim ilar dou bt exists ; yet they m u st b e re resen ted either in S ou own C f f or t o t h e ou of em he m thd li s s th th . sa e u n c er t ain m u n u c t o t h e oc n ow t o b e e c e ty st at rally atta h r ks d s rib d , t h e l i n se H e e e y ad slat s ries.

Ti n se H ea d l e r y S a t S e i es.

T Ti n e H he s y ead slate series beg in s with t he dyin g ou t of t he of t he B ee on ou ou w I g rits s g r p s th ard. t s n orthern bou n dary is t e ef o e e u e b u t ou e n m h r r v ry vag , its s th r li it is well deﬁn ed by t he own oc w c o e t h e H o n en e E o e S c br r ks hi h b rd r r bl d pid t hists, d m o e or an is r less easily determ in able west of t h e K in g sbridg e E u w e e t he , e are i n c on c w M c st ary h r slat s ta t ith i a Sc hists . Th e o on n pr visi al ame applied t o this series i n volves t he in c lu sion w t he e of t h e n m ith slat s i terla in ated arg illac eou s c alc areou s an d ’ c eou e of T n e H e w c i n t h sili s b ds i s y ad, hi h e Report of t he visit ’ t h e Geo o A oc on t o t he e E e 1 901 we paid by l g ists ss iati ar a ( ast r, ) re ou e w t h e B ee on e T e g r p d ith s b ds . h re bein g n o hard an d f ast ou n e e ween t he on e an d n u m b dari s b t z al typ s, as erou s f au lts an d u o w c thr sts c c u r hi h c an n ot b e trac ed f rom t he c oast sec tion s n n t he n c u on of e e e w i la d, i l si th s b ds ith t he slates an d n ot wi th t h e ade t ed ere f or c on en en c g rits is p h v i e. The in terban ded . i c eou an d eou o arg lla s silic s r cks of Tin sey H ead c on tain seam s of c n o m e on e. Alt h o ri idal li st u h they seem t o b e separated f rom t he ri t s . in t h e e n e eesan ds e w g slat s ar , by slat s hi c h (as f ar as i e f ec e o u e en e on e t o u e do mr t xp s r abl s j dg ) n ot con tain g rit b ep t h e B eesan ds n ar s, g rit ba ds e assoc iated with in ter n e e t o o e of T n e H e lami at d b ds similar th s i s y ad, an d at B eac on an d Woo n Po n n o of H lma i ts ( rth ope) similar beds ac compan y

’ P roc . Geolo i st s A ssoc Vol . v ii P g , x , III. . 1 27 3rd Ju art , p , ly, 1 901 .

26 GEOLOGY or K IN GSB RID GE AND SALOOMB E .

CH APTE R III .

N ORTH E RN AREA—c on tinenc e].

TH E IGN E OU S B OOK S OF TH E N ORTH E RN ARE A .

The absen ce of ig n eou s rocks i n t he B eeson g rit an d Tin sey H ead slate g rou ps ren ders it im probable that t h e n u merou s ban ds in t h e Torc ross g rou p as well as those loc ally presen t i n t h e Rin g more g rou p an d i n t he D art m ou th slates east of

n u e e e or . n f o u n e Revelstoke are all i tr siv pip s , dyk s , sills U rt at ly man y typic al varieties su c h as t h e D arn ac om b e t u f t an d t h e ds Colla it C ee ou of Gerst on sheared ig n eou s han by p r k , s th (which m ay b e dec omposed represen tatives of roc ks i n t he ’ T s ec n are t oo e o o e f or e o o c a e m n orc ros s tio ), d c mp s d p tr l gi l xa i a n so a t h e m o c o e n e t e c on f u e n or c on t h e tio , th t icr s p i h r t s ﬁrms h e In h similarities an d di f f eren c es rec og n ised by t e ye . t e ac tu al exposures t he c on f ormity or disc ordan ce of t h e ig n eou s ban ds with t he sc histosity of t h e slate s aﬂords n o proof of e eal n a u re as t h e s e e t o whi c h t h e oc a e een th ir r t , tr ss s r ks h v b su bjec t wou l d n atu rally produ c e dif f eren t ef f ec ts on diff eren t m e i H n e t o th e e ou r of t he n u s at r als . avi g r g ard b havi ig eo

o of S o e F e n et c . i n t h e D m ou e an d o e r cks t k l mi g , , art th slat s , th s M a of Old M l C ee et c . in t he e df oot e n or of D a i l r k , , b ds , th rt * ou eem ea on e t o e t h e n eou s o of t he m th , it s s r s abl r g ard ig r cks area as ev i den c es of in termitten t vu lc an ic i ty represen ted by t u ﬂs an d a we e an d . Th e O c o e e , lav s as ll as by pip s sills phiti d l rit h e r we of i n e e 1 of t qu a ry st W slad (slid N o . 785} an d t he e c i n E a C e on u ar N m massiv ro k st harl t Q ry (slide o . ay b e ' in tru sive ; b u t decomposed rocks resem b lin g tu f f s an d lavas i n c occu r their v i in ity . A r of n eou oc ou Te st ip ig s r k (th g ht b Mr. all t o b e an altered syen ite) is shown on t h e map f ol owing a sou th - westerly direction f rom Worthy Farm-f (between Chu rchstow an d Thu rles on e on t h e o nan an e of c i o of c a or t ) al g d mi t pl s s h st sity lila sl tes, ’

a e wi h oc a ona a e of . It a e 1 sh l s, t c si l tr c s rit v ri s f rom t o 5 f ee i n ne an d b e i e N B t thick ss , may a si (sl d o. etween Challab orou h an d A rm e Co e g y r v (slide N o. 1 866)an d sou th of Leas oo S n l e N o 1 862 on h F t a d (s id . ) t e Thu rleston e c oast there are on e or t wo an nl c om osed of c ona e The o b ds mai y arb t s. rig in al character of these ban ds is dou t f u l ; t hey m ay have b een c al ' c areou s e en or a c eou t u ﬂs At S i s dim ts c l ar s . t ddi c om b e Creek Lime Ki n in t he Ri v er A on e on ro re e n l , v s cti , a ck s mbli g a sc his tose

Geo o of t he c ou n r ou nd To u M am — . . Geol. S ur v e 38 41 . l g y t y ar rq ay y, T A trac e of ig nequ s roc i n lin e Wi th this b and was 0 ed at “ k B i nt ham C oss ne Chu c hs ow b u t t he e i s n o ev n r , ar r t , r ide c e f or c onnec ting tﬁem . N RTH E RN ARE A 27 O .

- u t o f e s c e N o 1 874 m a b e of v o c n c or n . ar z l pathi rit (slid . ) y l a i ig i q11 t he D artmon t slate area a dec om osed ig n eou s roc k is s e Sh ev al Roc n e S e e an n o e m n vi ibl at k, ar tr t , a th r s all ch, o of t he e c c e oc c u du e we of it P0pi r bably sam hara t r, rs st at ards p e n e r Pit t af ord B an d o . o e e oc are o mb , a th th s r ks amyg dal idal, m a f o n c li n e y rm a ti al ax s of c on tem poran eou s v olc an ic material . The n u merou s ban ds an d patc hes of ig n eou s roc k at and n ear t he mou th of t he River E rm e belon g t o t he same en eral g rou p as t he ig n eou s roc ks of Stoke Flemin g an d of t e Ki n swea r c o an d are m et w o e or e f e u en on i n e of ast, ith m r l ss r q tly al g a c ou n resu m b l c o e on n t o t h e en e ke e ween try, y rr sp di g g ral stri , b t of h e E m an d The e t he mou t t r e S toke Flemin g . hard diabas of Mu x ham Poin t is assoc iated with am yg daloidal roc k (slide 1 845 w c see t o o e e an d e c e e u a t o ) hi h ms v rli it , g iv s pla irr g l rly ec c or e e u T e e are n e c e w br ia sh ar d t f f . h s i t r alat d ith g rey e f or c n e of f om 2 t f ee slat s a thi k ss r 0 o 30 t. w h e St . An c o e oc an n e w c t h rit s r k is apha it hi h , ith mass at w Co m a b n s A arsewell Co e n of C e e e u e. t C ars ll v , y i tr iv v a ba d

f e c oc oc c u i n c l e w u z - e e n an d lsiti r k rs lila s at s ith q art albit v i s , f ia on e e e of o t wo e n o e. N e als parall l ba ds d bas ar this, ith r sid B lac kat err Po n f e e e o e f o m m e en n y i t, lsit is xp s d ; it r s a ass xt di g n o f o W n B e c an d i s ex osed in u arr on t he rth r m i dham a h , a y u m w en c e e en e u e w d en s m it , h it xt ds irr g lar y ast ar , appar tly ’ ram if yin g throu g h roc ks i n t h e partly m asked c liff s above Ryder s Thl s n u e m n ot een e m n e et rolo i eall H ole. i tr siv ass has b xa i d g y ; it may have a su bterran ean c on n ec tion with t h e s eru lit i c g ran o e of Wh m st on H ou e o are n c e c on n u ou hyr y p s , b th i di at as a ti s ‘ ol 4 A G Po n n on t he d eo o c m a S ee 2 . t lva g l g i al p, h t ara i t, o o e t h e Mewst on e s of een e e n eou s oc pp sit , a mas g r sh ar d ig r k in t h D m o s oc c u rs e art u th Slate . At A e on G ff o an n eou s oc t oo n n c n t o ow v t i rd ig r k, i sig iﬁ a t sh on t h e on e- n c sc e e i b om e o n i n c o m on w t h e i h al , xh its s i ts m ith c n e c s e N o c e of n eou oc e rystalli s hi ts (slid . ra s ig s r k hav een m et w i n t he Torc ross an d R n m o e ou an d b ith , i g r r ps oc c on i n t h e D m ou e w i c c on n ot b e asi ally art th slat s , h h d

n c e on t h e On e- n c m a an d of o e own t he m o i di at d i h p, th s sh aj rity are n ec e e e e e n f om f ew n c e t o a f oo or ssarily xag g rat d , b i g r a i h s t

t wo i n thic kn ess . Mic a - trac hyt e is ex osed i n a qu arry on t he west of H orswell

- On t h e we e of t h e H ou e ou e o T u e on e. s , s th ast h rl st st sid u n e n o t e n en d u ec c a e oc a q arry, ar its r h r , a r bbly br i t d r k , p ar

- On t h e o o e si e of en N ew Red e on m c c e. tly , r sts i a tra hyt pp sit t h e qu arry red- stain ed D evon ian slates m ake a very i rreg u lar u n c t l on w ec o o e oc resem b lin an om e e m j ith d mp s d r k , ag g l rat ,

- In e n n e or ou e n whic h m ic a trac hyt e i s disting u ishable. t i r s th r ’ f ac e of t h e qu arry t h e m ic a - t rac hyte is assoc iated irreg u larly with

- On t h e VISl t dec omposed roc k whic h m ay b e a qu artz por hyry. ’ M r F. E e 1 901 . eo o s A oc on o t h e u , of t h e G l g i ts ss iati t q arry, ast r , r F Men n el c o l ec e ec im en s w i c h e u e t o M . ° P. l l t d s h h s bmitt d . C n who c on si e e t h e f e c oc t o b e a rh oht e hapma , r d lsiti r k y ' M m e m en Mr. en n e o nf o (possibly a tu f f ). ll als i rms that f rag ts “ a e s c oc c u rri ng i n t he ag gl omerate show. t he h ig hly ch ract ri ti 28 GEOLOGY or K IN GS BRID GE AN D S ALCOM B E .

c lou H e c on e f om e dy ban din g of t he ac id lavas . sid rs r th ir “ e o c c c e if n ot t h e oc c onso ed p tr g raphi hara t rs that, lavas , r ks lidat - e n e F om t h e n o an d ou en of i v ry ar t h e su rf ac e. r rth s th tr d th s m c of i n eou s oc an d f om t h e en c e Of an s all pat h , r k, r abs y n of n e e i n w t h e D e oni n e e eem t o b e sig s i t rb d g ith v a , th r s s e ou i n u e in f o on an d oc c u littl d bt that it is tr siv that rmati , its r ren c e in tou c h with a N ew Red ou tlier is su g g estive of an e u on n P n Th e oc m a b e t he u er Of r pti i erm ia tim es . r k y p part a n ec k or pipe f rom whic h t h e ef f u sive m aterials av e been i n f m i n f u en u e f 1 t ot t h e e c O e e e t . A d d d, is r li th s at rials par a lt ? e n own N ew Red on m c - c e on t h e we l tti g d i a tra hyt (lava ) st, ’ f a n t h e m ela n e of m c - c e o e an d om e e g ai st g i a tra hyt , rhy lit ag g l rat (c on sidered as t h e u pper part Of t h e m aterial i n t h e ven t ? ) is

hig hl y probable. Th e Torc ros s n eou e e c e in t h e f o ow n e o ig s typ , d s rib d ll i g p tr

o c n o e M r. Te oe n ot n d c e an ec l g i al t s by all , d s i i at y sp ial o on m oc are een i n oc on w t h e E if eli an h riz , as si ilar r ks s ass iati ith s c lates in t h e oast sec tion sou th Of P lym ou th . — f T r r l - N O. 1 777. Sho e sou h o o c oss A a e eeni sh e ﬁ n e r i n ed r t p g r g r y g a , m ll b ro n i sh len i c les ro ec t f om t slig htly sc hi stose roc k . S a w t j r he sm ooth - in m ass i c on f s i c r s u f a c e. The m s u ed a e e a b on a es c hlo i e and r a a g g r g at t , r t m in u te sc ales of what i s i n all prob ab ility a white m i c a c olou rless qu artz an c c i ll n d f elspar o u r n sm a g rai s. Sc attered throu g h t he ab ov e are larg e irreg u lar plates of Opaqu e

leu c - u om hs f i lm en i or - n oxene pse d orp a ter te titano m ag eti te. The oc i s ob ab l m odi ed di b ase b u t t he s u c u e an d c om osi i on r k pr y a ﬁ a , tr t r p t of t n m a s has b een en i l c h n I hav e Of en em he m ai s t re y a g ed. t r arked that t he plates of leu c oxen e rem ai n c om parati v ely u n c han g ed i n f orm af ter t he stru c tu re and c om positi on of t he roc k i n whic h they oc c u r hav e b een c om plet ely altered. — es Of Wi n sl de d - 1 785 u a w a . A een m edi u m . Q rry t ark g r g rain ed

- m assi e oc . O hi i c u i e m o e or less c h n ed t o c hlo i es la h sha ed v r k p t a g t r a g r t , t sec tion s Of f elspar (dec om posed) c arb onates and iron - ores partly c han g e t o

l c e A i c al O hi i c di ab se. eu oxen . typ p t a u sou h of E as h le — e 1 786. Q arry t t C ar ton Dark g r en i sh m assi v e roc k c ontai nin g som e larg e an d m ore or less idiom orphi c f elspars as orphyrit i c iewed u nde t h c on stitu en ts . V r e m i c rosc ope sim ilar t o t he last i n m i n e o i c al c om osit i on D iab ase- or h r ral g p y i t e. — 1 869. N e B u c l nd P an d o Fa m D ar a ark ( W rt y r ). ec om posed li ht g rey c on ai nin i n i sh s ot s l i roc k t g p k p . Ch orite af ter b i ot te i n a m atrix 0 f elspar

mo e or ess dec om osed. Whi e mi c a i n sm a sc es ob b l sec ond r l p t ll al pr a y ary. n l an l e d en e Appare t y a t re sy it . — 1 862. Sou h of Leas Foo S nd Thu les on e P e een s a r t t a , r t al g r l ty oc k s u dded wi h m inu e c s ls of i M i n c om osed t t t ry ta pyr te. a ly p of c arb onates ' hi c h do n ot eﬁ erv esc e f ee w r ly. ha l 1 866. B e ween C l ab orou h an d A rm er Cov e. P e e sl oc t g y al g r y aty r k. Mi c osc o i c a sim i t o t he b ov e wi h t he ddi i on Of sm l r p lly lar a , t a t al Opaqu e ain s and s ea s whi c h e i h b own b eﬂec ed i h an d t h g r tr k app ar l g t r y r t l g t, u s ' em i n d on e Of leu c o en e l seu dom o hs f e i e r x , ( p rp a t r pyr t ). — 1 872. Riv e Av on sou h of t he S es Mi c osc o i c l r , t tak r p a ly c om posed of

- f e s c hlo i e i on o es. The s u c u e of hi s oc i s n l par, r t , r r tr t r t r k ot like that of t he n orm al diabase. — 1 868. St iddi c om b e C ee Ri v e Av on P le eeni s r k, r a g r h g rey sc hi stose roc k wi h len ic les an d s e s whi c h rob ab l e esen or h rit i c f e s t t tr ak l y r pr t p p l pars . Com osed of b o en f e s s s il showi n win s i ion c h o i a i on— p r k l par t l g t tr at , r t , r ores c h n ed t o leu c o ene The c ac a g x . at lasti c phenom en a as seen in t he f elspars D ab as sh are v ery striking . i e ( eared

- 1 8 4. t iddi c om b e C Lim 7 S reek e iln . Sim ilar t o a roc k i n H olb eton Wood b Ri v e E m e b u t m o e s a and ne i n ai n . , y r r , r l ty ﬁ r g r D etac hed g rai n s 29 N ORTH E RN ARE A . of qu artz and f elspar i n a c rypt oc ryst alli n e m at rix larg ely c om posed of se i c i i c u c h w m i c M b o n s i nin . li h s n v v r t a. r ta g S g t ig s of a tran s erse c lea ag e. P ob b l r a ly b u t n ot c ertai n y Of sedim en tary orig i n . — h m - 1 844 . N e Mu x a Poi n E m e Mou h . G eeni sh e ﬁ ne i n ed ar t, r t r g r y, g ra

m . d l i s ll w sh e n u a yg daloidal roc k Am g a o d of ye o i g r e c olo r du e t o epidote. — G ou n d- m ss c om ose of l h sh ed f els s c hlo i e e ido e r a p at ap par , r t , p t

m daloids of e do e u r z an d c hlo i e. Flu i on s u c u e well a yg pi t , q a t r t x tr t r

ed D i b ase. m ark . a — am e loc ali e oc s i h s hi s os . L a e a es Of 1 845. S ty Gr y r k l g tly c t e rg pl t O hi ic u i e l h - sh ed f els a s of en c u shed an d l ered c hlori e p t a g t , at ap p r t r a t , t ,

n c last i c u c u e s on l m ed. leu c oxe e. Cata str t r tr y ark '

— - A v e on Giff o d P e een roc s i h sc hi s ose. u a z f e s 1 788. t r al g r l g tly t Q rt l ar wi h h an o al n m i i n sc ag g reg ate t c lorite d c lou rless or e g ree c a rag g ed a es .

U nde low owe t he oc esem b les . n e- ain ed ri b u t wi h hi he r a p r r k r a g r g t, t g r m ag niﬁc ati on t h e ou tli n es Of t he i n div idu als f orm i ng t he qu artz f elspar ag g reg ate are seen t o b e extrem ely irreg u lar an d t o resem b le t he ou tlin es s h c lli Of t he g rai n s i n t he c orre ponding ag g reg ates Of t e rysta ne sc hist s .

Spec imen s f rom qu artz - albi te vel u s i n ﬁ n e g rai n ed f elspathi c g rit - shales i n a qu arry east Of Thu rleston e an d f rom t h e c oast at t h e m ou th of t h e Avon toward B orou g h Islan d (where t h e a l Th e alb l t e een albite is pin k) have been ex m n ed . has b ’ determin ed by S z ab o s method an d by t h e exam in ation Of ﬂake s

produ c ed by c ru shin g .

C AST E CTION S OF TH E N ORTH E RN ARE A TH E O S .

In t he f oreg oin g n otes ref eren c e has f requ en tly been m ade W w w f in e ou r en o t o t h e c o ec on . e n o c on n t o em ast s ti s ill att ti th , withou t g oin in to t h e c ons ideration of t h e n atu re Of t h e ou n of e m e m o c oc or ou c n on t he c o b dary t ta rphi r ks , t hi g ast ec t on of t h e S ou e n e o Of w c u ec w l b e s i s th r ar a, b th hi h s bj ts il f r o f u e on The c o ec on in S spec ially re e red t rt h r . ast s ti heet 356 f om S e e Ga e n o w c on w e e u n m e H e r tr t t rth ard , sists, h r ask d by ad , — Of D art mou th slates pale- red or lilac - red g lossy slates with e n e c on an d e e of e o hard g r y silty i t r alati , r ddish slat s a l ss g l ssy it T w r n e w e of or u art z e. he r o appea a c , ith b ds hard g rit g its sh c on o on in c e an d t h e n e 0 c o i n t h e e t rti s pla s, la s s hist sity slat s t o b e m o e or e c oin c i en t w e n an e n c e seem r l ss ith b ddi g , app ara larg ely du e n o dou bt t o t h e sn appin g of t he axes Of shai p c i on o u c n n e ween t h e of t h e f olé pli at s, pr d i g a slidi g b t limbs s an d obliteratin g t he appearan c e Of redu plic ation in t he beds n m n throu h n early parallel rearra g e e t . Flakes of m ic a are most prevalen t on t h e su rf ac e of t h e silty B e ween S o Roc k an d P c Co e t h e ban ds an d g rits . t h val il hard v are een or e an am daloidal n eou oc t h e slates g r ish g r y, y ig s r k, am u e f le w c on e 0 m e eem t o f o m an y- d l s il d ith arb at li , s s r

m i dl n e t h e W e f e m en on e . A ou a i at at r all. as alr ady ti d lth g h searc h was m ade in likely plac es rem ai n s Of Pt er' a sp i s were n ot

e t o Torc ross e e c c a n o ec on From Strete Gat th r is pra ti lly s ti , a d t he low c liff ban ks Of Slapton Ley display reddish slates n silty Of t he R n m o e t e assm n o e e of t he beds i g r y , g i t dark g r y slat s

Torc ross type n ear Stoke ey arm . ' en c e en Of t he c hﬁ s n e t he Torc ross H o e At t h e c omm m t ar t l , re rit eds oc c u i n a e a e t n e compact y b r d rk g r y sl t s, par ly i t r lam in ate W113}? hard silty ban ds ; ban ds Of g reen ish i g n eou s roc k 30 GE OLOGY or K IN GSB RID GE AN D sALc OME E . are I n eou oc o e e t he e i n t he ec on also resen t . g s r k v rli s slat s s ti u e P of e o B onn e t h e u n c on e n m o e or e r ss r y, b i g r l ss ﬁg r d y _ a ll l own ji e i n en of en i c e ra e Wi th t he beddin g sh by t altgi m t hard l t l s,

S ee Fi . 8 . d o e c e e i n t h e e . ist rt d by l avag , slat s ( g , p On n h e wn of ou e t h e e c ein Of u z passi g t la a h s by , v s q art ' ° b a h dippin g at 60 c ross t h e sc histosity whi c h di ps n orth at Fu on e n n c e b n Of own c o ou IS rther b ddi g is i di at d y ba ds br l r, as t h e c ase i n t h e E if elian slates Of t h e Plym ou th c oast n ear their ri Th e own n n n on e j u n c tion with t h e St addon g ts . br ba di g i ° plac e with a n ortherly di p Of 45 c rosses c leavag e plan es di ppi n g n o h 7 N e c e e low n e e e rt at ar this , l avag , at a a gl , trav rs s a c ou ple Of brown arg illo- aren ac eou s beds se arat m them in to n e o z on e an d ec n t h e g own eds on t he arly h ri tal ﬂak s, r alli g r m u on A o c hi n sou th side Of B ov isan d B ay i n t h e Ply o th sec ti . ppr a g t he e n w t o c n c oc D u n Po n we enc ou n e , h adla d i h v l a i r ks ( i t) t r

' e u e e o en Of u t z in c e o en o n irr lar d v l pm ts q ar pla s, pr bably d ti g oc u n c e i n t he e w c e n o e c e e l a dist rba s slat s, hi h g iv rth rly l avag ° dips of f rom 50 t o t h e beddin g bein g on ly locally shown t o s m c ros the . S c c eou en c e an d in t erb an din s Of e ilty, partially al ar s , l ti l s g pal e c on Wi t h e c eou m e in c e e n g r y trast th dark arg illa s at rials pla s, b i g espec ially n otic eable n ear t h e larg er m as s Of ig n eou s roc k in D u n Po n C n o an d Za hr en t i s are oc c on di c o e in i t. ri ids p asi ally s v red t h e e an d n The c or u e u z b ed- e n slat s hard le tic les . r g at d q art v i s f o e e e e t Fi . oc c u Of t h alr ady r rr d ( g 9) r at this part e sec tion . F om t o t h e en d of t h e c ff t h e a e e so we r this li d rk g r y slat s , ll i n n ex osed n Su e or Su n n e u e . ydal ( yval ) Q arry, pr vail ’ rom S u n n ydale t o B eesan ds t h ere i s n o sec tion f or abou t 55 n c hai s . At B eesan ds e n t he ou e t h e c liﬁ e n in red m e , b hi d h s s, b g i s at w e f om t h e B e A n O rials ash d r eson g rits above. bse c e f exposu res leaves u s i n dou bt whether t he B eeson g rits term in ate as shown on t he m a n e t h e u m Of e f e u e or e t o t he p ar s mit th ir at r s , strik Th e n shore. e s c tio rec om m en c es im m ediately sou th Of B eesan ds i n a c lif f Of g rey slates with irreg u lar beds Of brown c ompac t g rit or u art z i t e ow n m u c u n T ar sh i g h dist rba c e. hese e assoc iated wi t n e n e e t h e n e n m o e f e u n t i t rlami at d b ds, silty ba ds b i g r r q e an d on ou n c e an i n t h e m e e i n t h e Torc ross ec on pr d th sa typ s ti . For ou t 70 d e w f e u n ou n m o a ab yar s, slat s ith rr g i s ba ds see t rev il k‘ in t he ec e n c f f w c m o o e own N e l n e r di g li , hi h is stly v rg r . ar i s y H e e e ec om e n e n e w e m n On ad, th s b i t rba d d ith silty s di e ts . t h e n o e of T n e H e e e a f u c c e rth sid i s ad, th r is _ a lt ra k ﬁll d with black c ru shed roc The in terlamin ated Tin sey H ead e are b eau t iq u c e e in F m b ds y p k r d plac es . il s of silic eou s li m es op t e with n u m erou s j oin ts Of larg e c rin oids oc c u r in them i n ‘ e e a l c e . On t h e n o e Of T n e H e t he s v r l p a s rth sid i s y ad , silty in terlamin ation s are thic ker than in t he H eadlan d an d are o a e w e of r . In t h e e n t e n n ass ci t d ith b ds g it h adla d , h thi er in terlamin ation is very distin c t throu g h altern ation s of darker an d e I lig ht r tin ts. n terlamin ated beds in dec reasin g amou n t c on n u e f or c hain ou f ro t he H e e n u c c e ti a s th m ad , b i g s eded by a e w m u c u t e e u dark sl t s ith h q ar z, v ry irr g larly distribu ted i n N ORTH 3 E RN ARE A . 1

c e an d w n f e u n ou n a t Th e n e la s, ith thi rr g i s ba ds in tervals . i t r amin ated beds reap ear in a sm all proj ec tion of t h e c li ff at 5 c n f o T n e ead an d e e t o e c onﬁ n e t o hai s r m i s y , as th y app ar b d t he owe Of t he c ff e e c an b e e ou e l r part li , th r littl d bt that th y f orm an an tic lin e. From this poin t f or a qu arter of a m il e ou w th e ec on c on of s e w c leav s th ard s ti sists dark lat s , ith a e n e in c lin in n o an e an d oc c a on n g pla s rth at hig h g l s, si al thi f u n ou e e n err g i s arl b ddi g seam s . In ee c es e ween 5 an d 1 2 c a n ou of T n e H e thr p , b t h i s, s th i s y ad e of e en e or of c n o m e on e we e trac s imp rsist t b ds, ﬁlms ri idal li st , r

n o c e . C c eou en c e o oc c u i n on e Of e e s o s an d ti d al ar s l ti l s als r th s p t ,

u ed Z en d. c o ar c r sh aphr ti rals e obtain able. The brown beds of Green st raig ht will b e m en tion ed i n a su b se n c e qu e t hapt r. T c o ec t on o n n ff o n o c u e t o his ast s i is disapp i ti g , as it a rds l as t he relation s of t h e D artm ou th slates t o t h e Meadf oot beds (of R n o e e an d e en m o e u n f c o e t h e i g m r typ ), is v r satis a t ry as r g ards e on Of he B ee on A f o t he en c e Of r lat i s t s g rits . art r m abs n eou oc e ween B eesan ds an reen st rai ht we e ig s r ks b t G g , hav n o proof Of t h e oc c u rren c e of hard g rits on t h e n orth of t h e B ee on in t h e e c o e on n t o o e u ou of s g rits , slat s rr sp di g th s j st s th B eesan ds an d n e t o t h e im ersist en c e Of s m ; this , havi g r g ard p i ilar t o o e of B ee on in t h e Looe e en e t h e c o e a on g rits th s s ar a, r d rs rr l ti Of t he Tin sey H ead slates with t he Torc ross slates very dou btf u l ; whilst at t h e same time there c an b e n o qu estion that they f orm Th e en e n u e Of t h e e i m en parts Of t h e sam e series. g ral at r s d ts i n t he D artm ou th slates an d overlyin g strata is so similar in c c e f om t h e c o e Of f o an d t he hara t r, that apart r dis v ry ssils, oc z on of en e c o ou in n c on Of en e em e l ali ati g ral l r g disti ti s, it is t xtr ly f c u t o eff ec e en t h e o en eral e on e ween em di ﬁ lt t v m st s parati b t th , c on sequ en tly we are led t o att achperhaps u n du e im portan c e t o t he B ee on e e o en an d t o t he f e u en s oc on Of s g rit d v l pm ts, r q t a s iati

ig neou s roc ks in t he Torc ross slates . The c hief in terest in t he c oast sec tion i n sheet 355 attac hes t o t he we t he eastern part between H oist Poin t an d H ope. To st Of H o Po n t he s en f e u e e e een ef e e t o ist i t ali t at r s hav alr ady b r rr d , an d n o proof s have been obtain ed as t o t h e trou g hin g in of

u z - e e n hig her beds than t he D artmou th slates . (Q art albit v i s oc c u r in t he g reen ish an d reddish g lossy D artm ou th sla tes Of H oist Poin t an d West c om b e B eac h (at t h e m ou th of n on t h e The e en n e of c o t he adjac e t v alley east). v pla s s hist sity P oc eed n ow are ben t at in t ervals in parts Of t h e sec tion . r i g t ard A rm er Co e f o W est c om b e B e t he e o D t y v r m ach , r ddish gl ssy ar ' mou th slates v e plac e t o dark g rey slates beau ti f u lly in ter n e w siﬁ‘i e i n c e an d c on ai n in oc c as on ba d d ith y mat rial, la s, t g i al A ou ere are om e Of u n c e beds of hard g rit . lth g h t s si s dist rba i n t he dark g rey beds at their j u n c tion wi t t he D artmou th slates it is n ot c ertain whether t h e c olou r c han g e is ac c om pan ied f u f u e on t h e e ec o e i n a e by a lt , as rth r dark slat s b m part p l We n e en c ou n t e an n e an e e i e e e red in c olou r . xt r i t rb d d s r s r s m n a of T n e H e and c on n om e i t an bli g th t i s y ad , taini g s hard g r b ds The e comparable t o those On t h e sou th Of B eesan ds . dark g r y 32 GEOLOGY or K IN GSB RID GE A N D SALCOMB E .

m n m of colou r of this series c han es t o red ; it c on tain s a y fil s c o o c e an d e u c rin oidal limestone with ar e rin id ssi l s, irr g lar g . t o an white org an ic patc hes (Mon tic u liporoid whic h Oi n t f Looe an d illendreat h absolu te c orrelati on with t h e li m eston e o , wn B a an d of t he Of t he Plym ou th sec tion sou th of Cro hill y, Po nt an d t he c oast sec tion in Sheet 350 sou th of Crab roc k i at n In e e en on sou th en d Of Sc ab b ac om b e Sa ds . this s ri s , appar tly, of R n m o e u r t he strike of t h e f ossilif erou s beds i g r Q ar y, a small d an d u een a e ha e n e ea e thic kness Of re d ll gr ish p p ry s l s, i t rl v d with decomposed f riable f ossflif erou s mat ter con tain in g brac hio n c o e e n t e al a e or n na ] ods an d Zaphre tid rals, is ith r i rc t d sy cli l y e on t h e red c ri n o a e e is v e e folded. Farth r id l s ri s tra rs d by a f u on whi c e s es c on a n in Za hren t i s an d a lt, bey d h dark y lat t i g p T e e e e e occasional film s of c rin oida limeston e c om e on . h s r s mbl B a in t h e P m ou ec on an d e t h e slates Of Crown hill y ly th s ti , lik r i c t a them con tain org an ic st u c tu res resembling P lewrod y . n Of een n eou oc w e c e ed w c B a ds g r ish ig s r k, ith v si l s fill ith alc

oc c u i n em as in t h e Torc ross e. spar, r th typ e on t h e w e e of A rm er Co e n ot In t he reef s of dark slat st sid y v ,

- n o an d Z en e n Mr. B oo Fox f ar f rom c ri idal aphr tid r mai s, r k e f P t eras i s i n on e Of t he a k c e disc overed trac s o p h rd dar pat h s , w c o u e e i n t h e e on e e e of t h e Lon hi h cc r h r , as slat s ith r sid g San ds rit i n t h e c oast sec tion in Sheet It is rem arkable that t is resemblan c e shou ld b e f u rther ac c en tu ated by t he ' on t h e n o e of t h e Lon S n disc overy of P t em sp t s rth sid g a ds g rit. o f m u b e m A In both cases t he probability f au lts st ad itted. ort h an d sou th f au lt is visible n ear t he n orthern ang le Of Ayrm er gov e.

” On either side of Ayrm er Cove t he dark g rey slates exhibit m o n or e on w w c o ou e n en o enon ttli g vari g ati ith stra l r d ti ts, a ph m Of en oc a e en in t h e owe e of t h e Meadf oot e e t l lly pr val t l r b ds s ri s, b u t still more pron ou n c ed in t h e varie8at ed (Falmou th) slates of Sou thern Cornwall i' On t h e east of Ayrm er Cove hard dark s u c u e e n o u e or en c e are m et wi in t h e e an d ( tr t r l ss) d l s l ti l s th slat s, e nart z e n erh a eno n b eddin are o er e arl d v i s p s d ti g bs vabl . ’ n rou n in g Toby s Poin t t e dark g rey gi ves p e irreg u larly t o — reddi sh ti n ts t he hard g rey len tic les bein g still m ore pro — n ou n c ed trac es Of stru c tu re resem b lin Fu c oids were n oti c ed

e e. Fu e on a e e art oc a e w i h r rth r d rk g r y slat s, y ass i t d ith s lty n e n ons f o t he ase of e c f f an d ea eef s t he i t rlami ati , rm b t li b ch r , red c o ou n i n i n of n c n e o e We n e l ri g mak g a k d a ti li v r them . xt en cou n ter ban ds Of g reen ish ig n eo u s roc k in dark slates with hard len tic les giving plac e t o red slates wi th oc c asion al c han g es t o e c on i n n en c e w c e g r y , ta i g hard l ti l s hi h v ry oc c asion ally e rthoc er s Th e resembl O . proj ec tin g h eadlan d sou th of ’ a To P oi n i s c i e c om o e of e by s t h ﬂy p s d hard r ddish silty shales , Wi th a ten den cy t o g n arlin g an d apparen tly in an an ticlin al

B n Of own - e u n du lati on . a ds br w athered ig n eou s roc k occ u r e e o of red c n o m e on e an h r , als ﬁlms ri idal li st , d t h e c olou r e Th e chang es on c e more t o g r y . su g g estion that these beds — t r ou - Geo o of t he Cou n nd To u . M em . Gaol . S urv e. 1 l g y ar rq ay y 6 18. f P ess 0 t he Geo Su m m o o o ic a Su r e &c . f or 1 898 1 ary r g r l g l v y, , , p.

34 GEOLOGY or K IN GSB RID GE AN D SALCOMB E .

- ed T e e oc are o e u e r eiden t with t he sc histosity. h s r ks m ttl d p rpl e b e on t o t h e Rin o e , in t o e w e r e . T e Par s, th r is g y h y l g m r typ i n roc Of th e c o e en m in on w c , that an d exhibit h r t la ati hi h s . f C n on e i of i t s type n ear K in g sbridg e an d n orth o hilli g t , p rm ts B e on Shar lan d bei n g dressed an d u sed as b u ildin g ston e. y d p l t e an d an i n u o o n we en ou n e b e in t h e , g P i t c t r g rit ds s a s eo s . r ck e i i i n t e - f c e Th e e so with a weather f retted su r a . slat s al xh b t r d m e on e Wi t he lamin ation s of silty material an d re li st ﬁlms, th i c a c e Mon i larg e crin oi d ossic les an d white irreg u lar org an p t h s ( t Wes t c om b e B ea an d c u li poroid already n oted between ch As D ou a e c om e on e ween i an d Ayrm er Cove. artm th sl t s b t th s ou we Coekrid e Po n en on e in t h e n o e on a , g i t, as m ti d t s th t g r we of A rm er pov e have here a repetition Of t h e c rin oidal beds st y , t on e an whic h are also represen ted by t he c rin oidal limes b ds Th e n c in e of D ou n otic ed i n t he River Avon sec tion . a ti l artm th o t h e e ou u n e slates does n ot appear t o exten d ac r ss riv r m th, l ss t h e Old Fe w c m a e all b e e a e c ertain red roc ks at rry, hi h y q y r g rd d ‘ i At n n t o t h e R n m o e r ou are i n cpn e i n t . as belo g i g i g r g p, d d ’ i l e oc c u b u t e ew e e on B an t ham S n , H am s En d redd sh s at s r, ls h r a d i n t h e eef an d c iff t h e e are e or ale eeni an d r s l , slat s dark g r y g r sh c h es A f u e o on o e w red o i e s ot . a lt gr y, ccasi ally m ttl d ith ( lig st ) he i n this section may b e prolon d by t h e Olp1 Ferry ac ross t

- - T a e ben d in t he river i n an east n ortgl east di rec tion . his may h v h some ef f ect in termin atin g t h e D artm ou th slate an tic lin e on t e F o t he ou t en d of B an t ham S n t o t he Lon S on e east . r m s h a ds g t on o e en e l e i n t he e eef an d Prom t ry slat s, ra ly dark g r y b ach r s

n e t ed b u g - an d een ish in t h e c ff e en of te vari g a li s, pr s t similar orc ross ec on A a e P le'wro characteristics t o those of t e T s ti . l rg — di c tyu m was f ou n d in them n ear t h e low water mou th Of t he e an d e en in e m n on o c on t e riv r, v silty t rla i ati s, c asi al hard g ri b ds an d decomposed ban ds an d ﬁlms of c rin oidal limest on e are

M Of - e e e en n e t he o on o . as e e a e u ff wea pr s t ar pr m t ry s s y, p l b th r d vesic u lar ig n eou s roc k oc c u r at in t erv a 3,also thin g reen shaly

n aren t l Of n eou o n . Lon S on e P o on o i s ba ds, p y ig s rig i g t r m t ry

c o o zg Of red t e e of u z - e n e an d or mp s sla s, b ds q art v i d g rit g ritty a es a en c u t off on t he n o t f au of n o ea silty sl t , p tly r h by a lt g r t a ni u e n t he ou e of t he om on o an e s en m g t d . s th sid pr t ry imp rsi t t ban d of yellow- g reen u rple- m ottled i g n eou s roc k occu rs in t he

red ed an d n ea t he red . o ou e e u a n o b s, r t is c l r pass s irr g l rly i t e Th e lat e on n n e m n on g r y. s s c tai silty i t rla i ati s as on t he n orth

Of t he e n . G e an d een n eou n n ou t h adla d r y ig s ba ds, dyi g u wa a on t h e n e Of se ist osi t o c u i n e p rds l g pla s y, c r th m . Farther on t he i e Of re oc i n t he c ff an d , str k s r ks li shoreward reef s are on tin u e redg6 Of en c c c e i n t he e w c d by s id ti al hara t r s a ard reef s . T en f or a n t he red n e i n t he c h , a ch i , ti ts pr vail liff . At t he n orth en d of B o S n n eo oc oc c u in t he red e r ad a d ig us r k rs b ds. Farther ou t he re e Of t he c ff w c c on n an Of s th y b ds li , hi h tai b ds ig n eou s oc as i n e Torc ross ec on ec om e oc red or r k t s ti , b l ally , mottled

Wi red n in t he eef . On e of e e n s of th ti ts, r s th s ba d ig n eou s rock o u i n e a e w en c u l si n e cc rs g r y sl t s ith l ti ar lty i t rlaminati on. Crin oid e an d ra e of c o o S i r i em are st ms t c s bra hi p ds, p f visible on some of ei f th r su r aces, N O TH E N ARE A 3 R R . 5

B e ween T u r e on e S n an d Le F oo San t e oc s t h l st a ds as t d, h r k whic h su port t he N ew Red ou tlier c ons ist of g rey slates with i n t e m in at ions o e or e en c u a an d of own s silty r , m r l ss l ti l r, br i h n e a w reen i i n eou oc ba d d sl tes it h g sh g s r k three f eet in thi c kn ess . These are assoc iated with beds or ban ds of breccia or coarse ' o c an Fa e on t he a e c a n in o o e v l ic t u fi . rth r sl t s h g e c l u r f rom g r y t o e red or i a - red n e w h ee red n in ex u re pal , l l c ba d d it d p ti ts t t they resemble t he Long San ds g rit on t h e coast sou th of B rix b ar an n ot en c eou of u t e of t d . The eef ou ham , s ar a s r s s th T u e on e S n are o o e of m e of a e u f f h rl st a d c mp s d si ilar rath r s t sl t s, b or e ac - red in o ou w e i n n on e or t wo pal lil c l r, ith g r y sh ba di g ; b n of erox idat ed eou s oc we e f ou n in e Sof is a ds p i r k r d th m. t h slat es of this ki n d are oc ally prevalen t in t h e Torc ross type as n e Gerst on Co C ee ofi t he Ki n r e Es u . ar , by lla it r k g sb idg t ary There c an b e no don t that t he roc ks f rom Avon Mou th t o Thu rles ton e Cottag e (at t h e sou th en d of Thu rleston e San ds) ain e on t o t h e Torc ross e an d are on t he a e st rat i ra m ly b l g typ , s m g hic al oriz on an d ha t h e m e e if n ot t he e e e is p h , t t sa typ , sam s ri s, re eat ed by plic ation f rom Avon Mou th n orthward between Fis h ’ Cefilars an d Challab orou h an d A rm er Co e and To g , at y v by s Po n F T u e on e Co e t o B e c on Po n t he oc s are i t. rom h rl st ttag a i t r k c hiefly dark g rey slates (reddish n ear t he commen cemen t of t he c ff wi a en c e an d oc c on c e of f ossils Za hren t i s li ) th h rd l ti l s asi al tra s , p , &c At e Le e c o ou c n e e c e t o red an d u ff . Gr at dg a l r ha g tak s pla b tin ts ; brown films an d hard silty len tic les are presen t i n dark an d B e c on Po n g rey slates between this a i t. B eac on Poin t con sists of hard red an d bu ff silt y slates c e wi re l e w own ar en c e an d asso iat d th g s at s ith br films, h d l ti l s, om c f The u n c n oc c as ional f ossils an dwith s e thi k beds o g rit. j tio of these materials with t h e g re slat es on t he n ort h is m e at an d very obscu re ; on t he sou t they are overlain by in ter am of t he T n e H e e and ev en on t he in at ed b eds i s y ad typ , id tly sam e st rat ig raphical horiz on as t he rocks immediate ly sou th of h o on of t he c eou en e in t he direc B eesan ds. T e dist rti sili s l ticl s ' a e well shown e e an d a e hi b ed of tion of cleav g is h r , a r th r t ck very silic eou s crin oidal limeston e g ives a plicated sou therly di p brin gi n g the in terlamin ated beds u n der a series of dark g rey slates which f orm t he c lif f s between B eacon an d Woolm an Poin ts ; t he Tin sey H ead beds bein g brou g ht u p at their base h In t e e e between f au lt s in on e plac e n ear t e f ormer. h s g r y slates there are hard len tic les with ossic les of crin oids an d e w he c ea e in Z en t ora w c alt hou t , aphr id c ls hi h, h tilt d ith l vag t he eddin o e i t A t thei r g en eral distribu tion show t at b cr ss s . Woolman Poin t t he silty slates an d Tin sey 1 ead beds ag ain

o a ou u f u . H e e as B eac on Po n a pear, pr b bly br g ht by a lt r , at i t, ’ d n u art z ei n on t ere are ban ds of hard c ar n at e an ma y v s al o lget ween h an t he strike of t he schi st osity an d ac r ss it. t is o Co e t h e eac eef on of e Mou t hwell at H pe v , b h r s c sist dark g r y . u u ar i n t n s an d e e s an d i n red slates with m ch q tz, s ri g p ll t , th hard

b n a so oc c u in t he sec ion Pelleks and lenticles of hard c ar o te al r t

nd Ch lla orou h . b etween Ayrm er Cov e a a b g 94 72 . 36 GE OLOGY OF K IN GSB RID GE AN D SA LCOM B E

n n e In t h e c ff of en t he c e t he e ba ds at i t rvals . li s, as is t as , slat s are of a pale g rey c olou r g n arlin g i s loc ally shown by thin harder

n an d oc c on l e e are c e of m es on e . Th e ba ds, asi al y th r tra s li t ﬁlms reef s term in ate at M ou t hwell with yellowish - bu f f hard sil ty F om slates resem blin g those of B eac on Poin t i n textu re. r this

‘ oin t sou thward t h e sec tion will b e desc ribed i n disc u ssin g t he pou n dary between t h e roc ks of t h e N orthern an d S ou thern e ar as . The sec tion f rom B eac on Poin t t o M ou t hwell is t h e westerly e rolon at i on of e ween B eesan ds an d Green st rai ht strik g that b t g , an d in ot h c ases t he Tin sey H ead in terlam in ated beds are t o all appearan c e below t he g rey slates whi c h separate them f rom t he ou f u u n c on oc of H o e H e dl n an d Green st rai h t so d bt l j ti r ks p a a d g , n o w n n m n o c u e an d u n c e e e that, t ithsta di g i r rv s dist rba s, th r is a Won f u u n f o m of s e T e e o n o ou t o t der l i r ity trik . h r is als d bt as he B eeson g rit hori z on bein g re resen ted at B eac on Poin t at least ‘ F hu rlest on e Cot t a e we h a . e n o t o v e a seri es partially arth r rth g , of slates devoid of ig n eou s roc ks whic h are t he westerly c on t in u at ion of t he e of S u n n e u in w c n o n eou slat s ydal Q arry , hi h ig s oc e b een f ou n A s t h e Torc ross r ks hav d . beds with ig n eou s roc ks are repeated over an d over ag ain by plic ation between Thu rleston e an d t h e m ou th of t h e Avon an d rob ab ly still f er n o t o A rm er Co e t h e n u e of ei r u n arth rth y v , at r t j c tion with t h e B eeson g rit horiz on s is t h e vital qu estion as reg ards t he s u c u e of t he e If t h e b e of B e c on P tr t r ar a . ds a oin t f orm an n c n en t h e B ee on are e e of n c n e a ti li al, th s g rits a s ri s a ti li s, prob ably repeated at Lon g Ston e an d c roppin g ou t i n t h e roc ks of R n m o e e u n n t h e T n e H e i g r typ , th s bri g i g i s y ad series in to rec e on w t h e Torc ross ou T di t r lati ith g r p. his view ac c ords w t h e e en c on s n e e on of t he e ith vid t ta t r p titi b ds, it is dia ram at i c all ’ g y represen ted in t h e Proc eedin g s of t h e Geolog ists * A oc on The on e m ss iati . ly p r issible altern ative hypothesis is t o reg ard t h e B eeson g rits as a m ore or less im persisten t developm en t h e T n u n derlying t i sey H ead beds an d overlyin g t h e Torc ross e w c ow e b e en w t he oc f t b ds, hi h t ard th ir as bl d ith r ks o he Rin g m o e t eﬁ T ew t he af e on e t o o ow n t o t h r yp his vi is s r ad pt, i g e i m ersist en c p e of g rit developm en ts in t h e Meadf oot B eds an d e oc en u on i n t he St addon N th ir l al att ati g rou p . either of these n f f ec t h alter atives a ts e statem en t that whether they f orm f ou r en e st rat i ra hi c al o on or t wo t h e oc of t he N g ral g p h riz s , r ks orthern e w c o e li s t he D m ou e are ar a hi h v r art th slat s, parts of t he Mead f o a d c o ot series n rrespon d t o t h e types m et with in that series i n t h e Looe Pl m ou , an d Lon S n Sou of B y th, g a ds ( th rixham)

Co Sec on s . In i e ast ti e th r c ase there has been m u c h repetition ou c on b u t t he t o e thr g h pli ati , ﬁrs hyp th sis postu lates a lesser c n e f or t h e thi k ss strata than t he sec on d altern ative whic h is here o e ad pt d.

’ P roc . Geolo i st s A ss oc . Vol . x v u. Pa g rt 3 p 1 24. e D i a Fi Se m . 2 7 3. 2 6 . ag r , g , 1 SOU TH E RN ARE A . 37

CH APTE R IV .

SO TH E RN ARE A U .

The rocks of this area presen t t wo well- marked st rat i raphi c al — ou t he G een c an d t he M a - c h f e g r ps r s hists ic s ists. th se ou t he G een are f ar c an b e n f e e f om g r ps r schists , as as i rr d r n u m d t h e ou oa an ee ec on e u er o t . The n u e r s c st cr k s ti s, pp m s at r of t he ev iden ce on this poin t m ay b e g athered f rom t he exam ples

e ec t e f or u a ons F s. 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 f o s l d ill str ti ( ig , , , , r m S o e E t u ar Sou 0 1 C ee an d t he ou ern oa of alc mb s y , th r k, s t c st St a t P o on S i e en c e ff o ed h ff r r m t ory. im r vid is a rd by t e cli e w n b t een Ou ter a d Inn er H ope.

In S irit of t he Oc ean Cove (Fig . an in den t ation ot Fo o e ov e on t he ou c o of t h e S a P o on o a a xh l s th ast t rt r m t ry, d rk

een red a c e n e e of t he H orn en e- E o e c g r , (c l ) v i d , vari ty bl d pid t s hists ap aren t ly passing by in terc alation in to Mic a - sc hi sts f orm s an i so e i n t he c ff e n e en ] t he of an at d mass li , b i g vid t axis n in T o n e ou t e e o i verted s nc l e. his is b r by t axial shap f u m e oc a t bl d b k . The Mica- schists u n dou btedly represen t a series of sedimen ts of t he same en eral n atu re as those f ou n d in t he D evon ian area ; and t he reen sc hists may u n hesitatin gly b e reg arded as an alt ered series of basic ig n eou s roc ks alli ed t o t he diabases i n ' an d o c ons n in of e u ff c om osit i on p ssibly isti g part alter d t s. T e rocks of t he Mic a - sc his t g rou p oc cu p t he g reater portion T e f o t h e c oas li n e 0 t he S and B o of t he district . h y rm t tart lt s an d t he ff ec on of f e en o o u n e f or t he di tricts, cli s ti s r spl did pp rt iti s u of t he e e st dy s ri s. East of t he Salcombe estu ary t he Mic a - schist area is bou n ded on t he n orth an d on t h e sou t h by t wo well marked zon es of Green schis t which g radu ally approac h each other as they are f ollowed t o t he westward an d f in ally coalesce t o t he sou th of

Ma orou . The ou ern n f o t he P w e Coa an d lb g h s th ba d rms ra l st, ma also b e stu died in t he cli ff sec t ions f or a mile f rom t he mou th w The n o e n n wel ex of t e Salcombe estu ary east ard . rth r ba d is l C ee ec on * o e in t he Sou 0 0 1 K n e an d B on . p s d th , i g sbridg , ats r k s ti s The sin g le zon e orm ed by t he c oalesc en c e of these ban ds ru n s we wa t o t he B o T e n ou n e on o e M st rd lt ail, b i b d d b th sid s by ica c h o e i t wi b e en t a f om B o T s hists. From t e ab v appar th t r lt ail t o a poin t sou th of Malborou gh t he Green schists f orm a syn l n e and a t o t he ea of i o n e e on i n t wo c i , th t st th s p i t th ir s parati ban ds is du e t o an tic lin al stru c tu re in t he in terv ening Mic a c s h o ou n n u e of es e a e u t u e an d t he s hi t s. T e c mp d at r th l rg r str c r s

t i n u of t he no he n b nd whic h owin t o i e u The f u rther 8 lit g p rt r a , g rr g lar in er lic ion wi Mi c - schi s s and t he b senc e of exp su es es of t p at a t a o r w t _ nno b e s isf ac to il shown on t he m a i s desc i b ed i n Batson Creek, c a t at r y r he n an t he Chapter on t he Relati ons between t he roc ks of t 0 N ort r d Sou thern area. 38 GE OLOGY OF K INGSBRIDGE AND SALCOMB E .

n f ~ i ten se oldin g t o whic h t he m etam orphic roc ks have been su b ec d l s J t e brou g ht ou t i n a strikin m an n er by t he detailed . g m i n Of t he G een c app g r s hists . — FIG . 1 4 . S ou t h o B i ddlekea d P oi n a l om be E st u a r . f t , S c y

H o iz on l sc le 1 i n c h . 60 ds. r ta a , y t - hi st s The dark porti on s represen t he Mi c a sc .

' - M ou lt FIG. 1 5. Cov es u n der t he .

M H M

The Mi - c hi s M m t b e l i n e b edded wi h i neou s b nds c a s ts ( ) see o art y t r t g a . The altered ig neou s roc ks (H ) are 0 g reen and b rown c olou rs . — FIG. 16. ou th ool reek E a st o West ern c om be S p C , f

M Mi c a- schi s s wi h b own f e u i n s m M . t t r rr g ou ﬁl s at l . “ ’ I — i t F G. 1 7. Sp ri t o he Oc ean e w e x Cov , ar Fo le Cov e.

IN D E TO FIGS . 1 4 To 1 X 7.

F o O n of ew t h e of r m this i t vi part t h e m aP b et w x t h Mou an d alb orou h of ec n e lt g is sp ial i t rest . The zzﬁerai SOUTH E RN AREA. 39

st rike of t he Green sc hist zon e is here n orth - west an d sou th e b u t o en u n o n u m e of o - e or en ast, it is br k p i t a b r b at shap d l ti on c e in c on e u en c e of m n o f o t h e es of w i c lar pat h s s q i r lds, ax h h ru n in en e an d w c on a g eral ast est dire ti . S la en o en oc c u in t h e N o e n Are b u t t he c om imi r ph m a r rth r a, parat iv ely slig ht an d impersisten t eviden c es of vu lc an ic ity an d t h e n e ni e n u e of t h e ou n e of t he c e i d ﬁ t at r b dari s rit pat h s, ou oc on w e or e do n ot al ow of e thr g h ass iati ith shal s slat s, th ir being trac ed with an ythin g li ke t he sam e c ertain ty an d min u te i n t m n n ess h e appi g . As f ar ou r O e ons e en t he oc of t h e S ou e n as bs rvati xt d, r ks th r Area have been aff ec ted by t he same set of m ovemen ts as those e e en c e t he oc of t h e N o e n A e an d e hi n o xp ri d b r ks rth r r a, x bit “e Th e eff ec of e e m o e traces of pre ev on ian dis tu rban c e. t th s v en een ec e t h e m e in n in o e b u t m ts has b pr is ly sa ki d b th ar as , T own t he a n e of t h e very diff eren t i n deg ree. his is sh by sh rp ss min or cu rves as well as by t h e m u c h g reater f req u en c y an d in ten sity of t he g n arlin g . A s i n t he c orrespon din g in terlam in ated beds an d g rit shales of t he N o e n A e t he n e m n on s of m c - c w u z rth r r a, i t rla i ati i a s hist ithq art m e of n n in t h e S ou e n A e sc hist aff ord t he best exa pl s g arli g th r r a. i 1 8is f rom a photo aph of in terlam i n ated m ic a - sc hist from ilr A R H u n an d e o u c t h e Ho H e en b . . . e lt ad, tak y t, r pr d d by his

’

- - t z u olt H ead . FIG. 1 8. M i ca qu a r sc / st of B

* M c el B e nd has shown h m ov em en s i n t he sam e di rec ion Mr. ar rtra t at t t iff e en e oc hs i n t he s m e e t he su b e u en m ay take plac e at widely d r t p a ar a, s q t s of t he ev i ou s on e so t he f ac of c oi n c i den c es m ov em en t f ollowi ng t he li ne pr , t hems elv es t o ov e t h i n t he stri ke an d f olding are not su f ﬁc ien t i n t pr e

- m ab senc e of pre D ev onian m ov e ent s. E 40 GEOLOGY OF KIN GS B RIDGE AND SALCOMB .

f n i n . kin d perm ission as it aff ords a beau tif u l illu stration o g arl g i n i on of m i c In g n arled qu artz - sc hist with thin in terlam at s a t he f c e of sc hist t he sof t er m aterial has been sheared ou t over a ts c i en c on o on n so t o e t o e f rac tu res produ c ed by t rti strai , as gi v sp m s f u ou n i n (su c h as t hose here ﬁg u red) t he appearan c e o a s rr d g

— oa st sou t h o H a rd S t on e. FIG . 1 9. H a ll Sa n ds C , f

- - hi s N u l s z e Spec im en s Of g narled qu artz mi c a sc t. at ra i .

- o h e m n ae of u - c T ﬁ lm of m ic a sc hist ac r ss t la i q artz s hist . his en en c t o e u f c u e c c om n e m n u e c en t d y irr g lar ra t r , a pa i d by i iat r sli k e m e e f c u t o O t n oo n ec en sid s , ak s it v ry di ﬁ lt b ai g d ha d sp im s

showin g in ten se g n arli n g . As a ru le t h e g n arlin g c an seldom b e satisf ac torily trac ed b y t h e e e ou t h e n n ou t Of n c e n an d y , thr g h ippi g disti tiv ba ds ou t h e e u e c on e u en on n en e e u e thr g h irr g lariti s s q t i t s pr ss r .

— ' FIG . 20. From the c l on n ort h si de o H l v i la iﬁ f a l S an ds l g e.

u ar z - sc hi s f o m i n sm ll an i c lin a i s N u Q t t, r g a a t al x . at ral si z e.

In n e of e c on n u ou e u e or w e e i t rvals l ss ti s pr ss r , h r t he qu artz c i e een e t o e t h e n n i s h sts hav b abl r sist it, g arli g , as n t he c c om n n e c Fi 2 a pa yi g sk t h ( g . 0) of a spec imen f rom H all San ds C i f f een c o , e t . T i l has b mparativ ly slig h his m n u te pu c kering is n ot u n i e in t h e e e e are c e - v rsal ar a, th r pla s in t he mic a sc hist an d u - c c i n w q artz s hist distri ts hic h it s eem s n ot t o have taken lac e p .

i‘ 42 GEOLOGY Oi KINGSBRIDGE AND SALCOMBE.

L i tera t u re on t he Rela ti on s of t he Roc ks of t he N orthern an d

S ou t hern A reas .

Owin g t o t h e lon g stan din g u n c ertain ty reg ardi n g t he relative ag es Of t h e older roc ks of t h e N orth ern an d S ou thern ‘ e b e c on en en e e t o ef e t o t he O ni on Of ar as, it will v i t h r r r pi s e e u e on e o t o a previ ou s wri ters on this v x d q sti , pr parat ry en e e c on of t h e oc f o owe a o ew g ral d s ripti r ks , ll d by s m hat detailed desc ription of t h e n atu re Of t h e b ou n dary as in vest i g ated du rin g t he g eolog ic al su rvey of t h e district i n t he year

1 891 . D e la B ec he approac hes this su bjec t with characteristic c u on u n of t h e en e of an en a ti . On t he g ro d abs c y appar t passag e of t he on e series in to t h e other an d i n View of t h e c om

parat i v ely m arked lin e Of separation between them ; . af ter disposi n g of t he theory that a part Of t he same g rou p shou ld b e su bj ec ted t o c on dition s u n der s u perin c u mben t pressu re su fh c ien t t o ren der them c rystalli n e W it hou t t he other part havin g been su bjected t o like c on dition s ; h e c on c lu des : In t h e en c e Of an c on r i c o e en c e wou a ea abs y t ad t ry vid , it ld pp r f air t o in f er that these roc ks belon g t o that c lass whic h is more an c ien t than t h e g rau wac ke series ; an d thou g h t h e m ic a an d c hloritic slates of t h e di stric t m ay b e associated wi th oc o e n an en ac eou ec e en u o n e m a r ks p ss ssi g ar s asp t , v s pp si g th y y b e e e f o n o t Of e e w i a o n d trital , that th y rm par that s ri s h ch dj i s ” F om ou a ear D e them on t he n orth . r this it w ld pp that la B ec he advoc ated t he pre - D evon ian ag e of t h e roc ks of t he Sou thern area ; yet on t h e Old Geolog ic al Su rvey m ap t he ou n ar f ai n o e n e an d t he roc of t h e S ou e n b d y is a t d tt d li , ks th r area u n der t he symbol K are shown as an altered part of t he series t o t he n orth . Sedg wic k an d Mu rc hison in 1 840 s eak of t he rocks of t he S ou thern area as a crystalli n e g rou p O mic aceou s an d chloritic e u nli e an o e f o m on i n N o or Sou D e on slat , k y th r r ati rth th v probabl of metamorphic stru c t u re. 1 The ou n dary between t h e roc ks of t he N orthern an d S ou thern areas on t he old g eolog ical m aps is drawn at t he sou th of B eesan ds villag e so f ar n orth as t o in clu de a con siderable art of t he D evonian sec tion on t h e east of t he K ing sbridg e ‘ pst u ar w f ro t he K n e E u a t o H 0 e y, hilst m i g sbrid st ry p it is shown wit h su f ﬁcien t acc u rac y t o leag on e t o in f er that it was trac ed on t he g rou n d i n t h e latter c ase an d c onj ectu red in t he f o e u nl e Mr. H u n } s u e t he e o a o e in oc e rm r, ss, as t : 8 sts, rr r r s pr ss 5] of r n f e en e. In arm on W1 u es on m a b e t a s r c h y this s g g ti , it y poin ted ou t that a dis crepan c y exist s between t he pu blished o a eet 23 an d 2 On h ou n g eol g ic l map sh s 4. sheet 24 t e b is shown by a c on tin u ou s lin e f rom H ope t o t he sou thern en of Sou Poo e b u t at o n t wo o n n are th l villag , this p i t c nti u ou s li es

t t D ev on . Re o on he Geo o of Co n wal l et c . 1 339 p r l g y , r , , pp 35 36,

r 2 ol . v . Trans. Geol. Soc , Se . , V , p. 661 . “ v P e on E m i n i on of e i denc e i n su o t of A hae n a e et c . 1 ap r xa at p r rc a g , , in ed b S e hen Au s en an d Sons H ert f orp1893 pr t y t p t , . SOU TH ERN AREA.

shown t he n o t e n m o u n n n ou of he n o m l di ec on , r h r st r i g t t r a r ti an d c on n u e t he o e ou n i n ee 23 w t h e ti d by d tt d b dary sh t , hilst * ou e n n e n ot o on s th r li is pr l g ed int o tha t sheet. In 1 8 D ' he 86 r. H . B . H ol e e t he e e n u t o t , l1 r g ard d slat s l adi g “ p’ e o c oc u i n t he D e on n em c om m tam rphi r ks as hi h p v ia syst , m en t i n g on t h e absen c e of c lear eviden c e of f au l t between them an d t he c e an d o o H e c on e e t h e mi a slat c hl ritic r c ks . sid r d that eff ec of m et am or hism i n c reased sou t hward an d ou t h e ts p , that, th g h e m o c oc e een u u w n e m ta r hi r ks may hav b thr st p ith g ra it , m ore propably they are altered D evoni an roc ks m an tlin g over a n e m F o H o on e g ra it ass. r m this it wou l d appear that ll c sider d t he alteration du e t o c on tac t m etam orphism i n whic h t he roc ks of h N o e n e on on e t e rth r ar a did n ot share being ou tside t h e c t ac t z . The f o ow n n o a Te ll i g tes re by Mr. all Th e n e e w o P B onn e xt pap r e have t o n tic e is on e by rof . y On t h e Geolog of t he S ou th D evon Coas t f rom Torc ross t o ” ' H o e Cov e n t his e t he c o o e was f or t h e p . i pap r mi r sc p ﬁrst tim e applied t o t h e solu tion of t he vexed qu estion as t o t he relat ion of t h e m etam orphic series t o t h e c om ) arat iv ely u n altered D ev on n oc Af t e e c n t h e en e l c c e of t h e ia r ks . r d s ribi g g ra hara t rs c o ec on f o Torc ross t o H o e t he S Po n P w e ast s ti r m p by tart i t, ra l , B o H e an d B o T t he u t o c on c u e t he f o lt ad lt ail, a h r l d s that li e an d e e are u e n c oc t he on e m u c o e at d slaty s ri s q it disti t r ks, h ld r n t h e o e so e ossib l t he f o on of t he f o m e was tha th r , that v ry y liati r r n e o t o t he dc osi t ion o t he e an d e u n c on i s a t ri r latt r, th ir j ti a f au lted on e ; (2) t at both have su bsequ en t ly been su bj ec ted t o tremen dou s lateral pressu re whic h has ben t them in to hu e f o e n t he n ewe an d o u c n m e ef f ec on t e lds, cl avi g r pr d i g ark d ts ” o e roc k H e en e c e t he m ic rosc O ic c c e of ld r . th d s rib s p hara t rs “ ” t he f o e an d e e an d e ec em s z e t he liat d slaty s ri s, sp ially pha i s f ac t that t he later movemen ts have af f ec ted t he au thi g en ic m n e of w c t he f o m e are c om o e he m n n i rals , hi h r r p s d ; ai tai s that these movem en ts i n t he Sou thern area have operated u pon roc ks e i n t he c on on of c l n e c w e e i n t he alr ady diti rystal i s hists, h r as o e n area they have operated u pon ordin ary sedim en tary

(Ne rotshit sr. B on n f u ref . ey rther desc ribes c ertain c u riou s stru c tu res pro du c ed e u e i n t he D e on n oc of Torc ross and by pr ss r v ia r ks , c on c lu des w1t h some in terest in g spec u lation s as t o t he relation s of t he roc ks i n qu estion t o a v am shed mou n t ain ran g e of t he Alpin e t pe whic h may f ormerly have oc c u pied t he position of ' t he E n sh C n n e g ha l. ’ Three years af ter Prof e ssor B on n ey s paper there appeared i n t he same j ou rn al an other c ommu n ic ation on t h e meta

o c oc of S ou D e on M Ra n . m rphi r ks th v , by iss isi §

If it were prolong ed i n t he direc tion shown af ter b if u rc ati on i t wou ld tou c h t he c oast at 30 c hai n s sou th of t he dotted li ne and 22 c ham s north

ev en b C he in e Rai si n , y at r . — 715 733. 44 E L GY OF K INGS BRIDGE A N D SALCOMB E G O O .

Th e ﬁrst part of this paper deals with t h e bou n dary of t h e At H o e t h e u n t l on i s c e slaty an d m etam orphic serie s . p j c pla d W i e t h e of j u st n orth of t he sm all roc ky headlan d . h l mass ’ t he e n of m c - c f m en of W are e i en h adla d is i a s hist , rag ts hat v d tly beds of t h e s laty series are f ou n d c oatin g i t s n orthern m ost o n T e ee w e e i n ec on an d m ou n p rtio . h y ag r ith that s ri s dir ti a t of dip ; an d litholog ic ally are very like beds oc c u rrin g at a

u n c on n e S ou P 0 0 1 t o b e e c e e e . T e j ti ar th , d s rib d imm diat ly h y c on of m u e m e on e e m u c n u e an d c r sist i p r li st , v ry h i d rat d y n e in c a c e an d of e n of c e stalli h ra t r , brittl ba ds bla kish mat rial havin g a very c ru shed an d slic ken sided look . Th h l n c ed e ju n c tion sec tion by S ou t poo Creek is the des rib . Th e ju n c tion at H all San ds is adm itted by t h e au thoress t o b e om e u Sh e An m u l on of s what dif fi c lt t o fix . says y si ati s h e ou of H S n an d an m u on s of c p yllit s th all a ds , y si lati s hist n o of H S an are i n e c c e oc an d e i n e en e rth all ds , a h as l al v ry xt siv ; a sm all flake of t h e sou thern c lif f s m ig ht b e m istaken f or e an d e n e f m en of t h e n o e n oc m b e phyllit , a v i d rag t rth r r ks ig ht ou o m n t o c t b u t an on e e m n on th g ht appr xi ati g s his , y l g r xa i ati , n he h M e en i t e wou ow t e n c n e . B o v fi ld , ld sh disti t ss th iss

B n n e . t h Raisin an d P rof . o y a tribu te t e phyllitic aspec t of some of t h e m ic a - sc hists n ear t h e ju n c tion t o t h e in ten se post D evon ian earth m ovem en t t o whic h t h e orig in al m ic a - sc hist n has bee su bj ec ted . Th e au thoress su m m arizes h er observation s alon g t he ju n c tion lin e (p. The petrog raphic al part of t h e paper c on tain s desc ription s of t h e m c o c o c c c e of t he c o c e e of t h e c i r s pi hara t rs hl riti s ri s , mi a sc hists an d of a g rou p of roc ks in t erm ediate bet ween t h e t wo

r h m o- h n n f o whic h t e term ic ac e c hloritic i s proposed . T e c o c lu di g part of t h e paper c on tain s a desc ription of t h e stratig raphic al e on of om e of t h e m e m o c c r lati s s ta rphi ro ks . ’ In t he m e e i n w c M R s n ap er e e sa y ar as that hi h iss ai i s p app ar d , Mr Som erv ai l c o en c e e i o “ . mm d a s r es f c ommu n i c ati on s On m etam orphi c an d assomat ed roc ks of t h e extreme sou th of

In these c ommu n ic ation s he stron g ly opposes t he view that t h e t wo e e are e e f u or i n en e s ri s s parat d by a a lt , g ral , by a sharp n e of em c on H e c en on li d ar ati . alls att ti t o t he sim ilarity i n c om o on of t h e oc on o e of t he u n c on n e an d p siti r ks b th sid s j ti li , m n n we e e e c ase of o e t ai tai s that hav h r a pr g r ssive me amorphism. In t he c ou r e of n e t on Mr Som r a l a . e v i c o e e n s his i v s ig ati s, dis v r d ou tc rop of t he Green sc hists on t h e n orth side of t he B ic kerton e an d u o e if t h e t wo ou are e e vall y, th s pr v d that g r ps s parat d by a f u c n n o b e in t he o on n e t o M R n a lt, it a t p siti assig d it by iss aisi . ’ P of e o B on n M e e n o c e r. S om erv ail s ers b u t r ss r y bri ﬂy ti d a , ec n e t o c on e u m en s i n e e n o d li d sid r his arg t d tail, as th y i t t ake n o c on de on t h e e en c e f u n e t he m c o o i t si rati vid r ish d by i r sc pe.

Tran s. D ev on A ssoc . P V l x - . I. o . i x . 1 887 41 943 P II. art , ( ) pp. 7 art

l - - Vo . . . 21 5 224 P III. Vol x x i . 452 4 59. xx pp ; art , . pp. H RN SOU T E ARE A . 45

R H n h e t w a m n 1 Mr. A . u n e e e t I 892 . n o t an , t t r d lis s ith i p r t “ com m u n ication On certain afﬁ n ities between t he D evon ian ” s of ou h D e on an d t h e et a or c t As roc k S t v m m phi schis s. a resu lt of mic rosc opic examina tion of a n u m ber of slic es of diff eren t t pes of roc k f rom t h e D evon ian an d metam orphic e h e ows e e are m an o n of e e n c e an d ar as s that th r y i ts r s mbla , theref ore g reatly stren g t hen s on e of t he arg u m en ts employed by

r Som erv ail . M . It m a perha s b e as well t o stat e here that t he work of t he S u e 8 t en ped f u e t o e a z e s o n w c rv y still rth r mph si thi p i t, hi h wou ld probabl n ot b e dispu ted by those wh o main tain t he dis n n ess of e t wo e e W e e t he a e of t he oc t i c t t s ri s . hat v r r ks i n t he e a o c ea b e c c gl e t a n t m t m rphi ar may , it is pra ti a y c r i tha t he re resen t a series of aren ac eou s an d arg illaceou s de osit s ' wit w c h a con siderable amou n t of basic ig n eou s materi was a oc e an d so f ar o na c o o on c on c e n ed ss iat d, that, as rig i l mp siti is r , they c an b e mat c hed by roc ks oc c u rrin g i n t h e D ev on ian area thou g h t he ig neou s an d sedim en tary types do n ot oc c u r i n t he

J J . H m e o o t on . T sa e r lative pr p r i s . ! .]

' In t he Proc eedin of t he Geo o s Assoc iat ion ' f or J u l g ist j ly, 1 901 t h e au o en eav ou red t o e i om e t h e um en t on , th r p t iz arg s t h e stratig raphic al side f or an d ag ain st t h e re- D evon ian n e It w 9 een of t he roc ks of t he Sou t her ar a. ill s that ﬁrst of t he t wo diag rammatic sec tion s iven in that c om m u n ic a tion c on n ec ts t h e Torc ross volc an ic oriz on s with t h e Green

on t he a u m on ha t he B ee on f o an n c n . schist s , ss pti t t s g rits rm a ti li al ec en n e on e o e t he o e o e e R t i v stig ati s hav dispr v d th r hyp th s s, e e t h e en on . 1 23 w et n e in o e xc pt last g iv , hich is r ai d a m diﬁ d f o t he T n e H e pt es z on e 5 e n en e rm, i s y ad s ( b i g tak as a hig h r ia b horiz on in t he Meadf oot beds in stead 0 Eif el n . It will e seen that this alternative stru c tu re does n ot poin t deﬁn it ely t o t he correlation of t h e Green sc hist s with i g n eou s rocks i n t he S D Fi e n e e e in e e m . ee a a . 27 N orth r ar a mbrac d th s aps ( i g r m, g , p .

- c Mi c a s hi s t g roup .

T t s of u re m c - en e e o of u t - c s rac p i a schists, tir ly d v id q ar z s hi t n t e am n i on oc c u c om rat iv el m a of t he i rl i at , py a y s all p rt Sou e n ea an d owm t o t he re u enc an d r n e of t he th r ar , g q y sha p ss plic ation s can n ot b e traced as a separate g rou p f rom m ic a

w e fi n e u - c in t erb an din an d u schists ith v ry q artz s hist g , q artz schists with mic a - sc hist i n terc alation s or i n t erfi lm m gs althou gh there is every reason t o c on c lu de that su c h di ff eren c es i n o e or e n ou s sedimen tation orig in ally f ormed m r l ss disti ct g r p . W en t he sili ifi c at i on of e on e an d n en e n h c lim st films ba ds, r d ri g them u n disting u ishable f rom qu artz - schist fi l ms an d ban ds w c we e or i nall en n o c ou n t he o hi h r g y g rits, is tak i t ac t , imp ssibility of disting u ishi ng a c alcareou s in terban ded series f rom an in ter an e er e w b e en an d an o erv on en n b d d g rit s i s ill appar t, y bs ati s t di g

Geol i g l M a a z i - o n e 1 892 . 1 20 g e g , , pp .

i Vol. x v u. 3 . 125. , part , p 46 GE OLOGY or K IN GSBRID GE AN D sarc omas .

t o u e e u en e of e o wou b e o e c an d s g g st s q c d p sit ld hyp th ti al,

- — n ec essarily based on t he c orrelation of t he qu artz m ic a sc his ts with t he D evon ian series whic h c an n ot b e proved t o demon In f t he di c as t o we of H S n i t st rat i on . o parts stri t, st all a ds, wou ld b e di f ﬁc u lt t o disting u ish t h e least altered exam ples of

c —c n e n e na e c u art z - c s an d u a mi a s hist, ﬁ ly i t rlami t d mi a s hi ts q rtz c i from e e of t h e c orres on n D e on n e m en s h sts xampl s p g v ia s di ts. P of e o B onn e who wn en on t o f c c e r ss r y , has dra att ti this a t, as rib s it t o t h e def ormation of tru e sc histose c harac ter i n t h e f orm er a e an d t o t h e u on of c o e e in t he e c s sim lati s hist s charact r latt r. All remarks as t o chemic al alteration of calcareou s ban ds in t he N o e n e b e e e e e e t he oc on o rth r ar a mig ht r it rat d h r , as ass iati f brown or red brown dec omposed mat erials is n ot in f requ en t in

of t h e e of t he M c a - c ou S Co e parts ar a i s hist g r p (at plat v , n t he B elt f or e le an d f e f e ou c on e oc ear , xam ), rri r s arb at r ks at Lon Co e ou of San an d e ew e e u e h g v , s th all ds, ls h r s g g st t e f o m e resen c e of e on e or c c a eou m a r r p lim st s al r s g rits, si il r t o o e of B e c on Po n an d T n e H e i n th e e e th s a i t i s ad, s ri s. In t h e in trodu ctory N otes t o t he S ou thern area ref eren c e has been m ade t o t h e g en eral relat ion s of t he Mica- sc hist g rou p t o t he G een c an d o e e an d in t he u e u en desc ri r s hists, b th th r s bs q t p ' tion s of u n c tion section s exam les have been g i ven in ill u s ' t rat ion whic h show that seam s o m ic a - sc hists occu r in lac es i n t he G een c n e t he u n c on an d in e r s hists ar j ti , that plac s t e rapid altern ation of m ica - sc hist with ban ds of t he g reen sc hist (of ten of own c o o m a b e du e t o i n e e n B e br l r) y t rb ddi g . sides these owev e e e are o e e of n of s a e t he h r, th r l cal xampl s a ki d pa s g , as at Mou w e e t he e e en i e of t he een c are n lt, h r r pr s tat v s s hist i ter

c alat ed w i n an of u - 80 t he in t erb an din ith th b ds q artz ist, g s owin n l n in e e h g ar i g a v ry mark d man n er. These ten d t o o e e i n a e onn ec on e ween t he t wo Fu pr v t tim t c ti b t g rou ps. rther e en c e f f o e t h e n e e n ea eef an d c ff vid is a rd d by i t r sti g b ch r s , li

‘ ec on Lan erst on e Po n on t h e e an d i n H am st on s ti s at g i t ast, e Co e an d Moo S n on t he we of t he P w e m an v r a d st, ra l ass, d f u e we Se c o e S n an d B S C rth r st at a mb a ds ickham an ds. learly ' f u t e u n c on are c x c e t ion al t h e e e a a l d ti s , b st xamples re f u r w f u on e ou t n ish ed t o o . On e of e e y a lts t s h c ast th s , at ’ D ec kl er s I an in ec on ea of n o u t o sl d, a dir ti slig htly st rth . c s ff a mass of Green schists ag ain st Mic a u art z - sc hist s on t h e east ; the o e t he we e n en d of Ric am S n o M th r, at st r a ds, cu ts ff ic a sc hist s i n plicate d associat ion with Green sc hists in t he beac h reef s n t he as of G een c on ag ai st m s r s hists t he west. N either of e e f u are a u e o e in ec on b u t e ar th s a lts ct ally xp s d s ti , th y e very e i n a n t h e ou n e of t he ou n o w d mark d tr ci g b dari s r ps rth ar . The B c S n f au o on ed i n i kham a ds lt, pr l a !recti on n orth b v ‘ we c u of f t he own oc k c F st, ts br r s at i kham arm men tion ed on 4 The n e o on n e in pag e 9. arly h riz tal pla s t he Green sc hists c on trast so strong ly Wi th t he c on torted Mica- schists on t he other side of t he con cealed f au lt as t o g ive an ap earan c e of u n c on f o m e ween t he t wo rou at t he a e 0 t h r ity b t g ps b s e cliff . The o n e e n o ec ti on of o m st i t r sti g c ast s the . r cks of t he Mic a c ou th on t h e e c o f o s hist g r p is at ast ast , r m t he mou th of t he S U TH E RN ARE A O . 47

B c e on V e ou w d t o S t Po n c o e t h e i k rt all y s th ar s tar i t, as it r ss s e m o e u n o e t of t h e c o m u c o e strik r abr ptly tha th r par s ast , is h m r c on n u ou c c e e n t he B elt c o n e an d e ti sly a ssibl tha ast li , xhibits m o t of t he c e e of t h e ou we t he oc c s typi al vari ti s g r p, as ll as a ou n e c on of e e eou s n or e m an d si al i t r alati alt r d i ba ds s a s , , e ec e ween t he B c e on e an d H S n e sp ially b t i k rt all y all a ds villag , ow n u m erou f u an d u t we n n an d sh s s a lts thr s s , as ll as g arli g m n or c u r e The Old e i v s . b ac h platf orm reef s between Peart ree Poin t an d t he Green sc hist reef s Of H orseley Cove af f ord e c e en o ort u n i t ies of t u n t he oc k i n n an d oo x ll t p s dyi g r s pla , g d exam ples 0 c orru g ated qu artz an d qu artz - albite vein s m ay b e In f seen . parts o this c oast t h e appearan c e Of t h e roc ks su g ests a c om parison with t he S trete c liff s as t o orig in al s g a ion e i m en t t .

H ere an d t here t h e mem bers of t h e Mic a- sc hist g rou p break ou t h e ee o e i n u e c as e ween t h e S thr g h st p sl p s r g g d rag s , b t tart o n an d E P w e an d b e ween Rew an d Sou n p i t ast ra l t th Sa ds . Oc c on e c rO ou t on t he u m m i i n arré t es asi ally th y p s ts sharp , as i n t h e c a e of t h e u z - c w e of S L H ou e s q art s hists st tart ig ht s , an d east of G u llet P oin t t o t h e n orth of Waterhead : b u t i n these an d sim ilar c ases t h e roc ks are sharply c on torted or n W e e t h r n hig hly in c li ed . h r e beds o pla es of c on tortion are n c n e low an e n e Sou own i n t h e B o c i li d at g l s , as ar thd lt distri t between H ig her S ewer Coastg u ard Station an d B olb erry

D own t h e m c - c an d u - c we e i n f , i a s hists q artz s hists ath r lat

o e e an d o . T e e are f ew e o u e owe e t pp d mass s t rs h r xp s r s , h v r , i n t h e m ore c en tral ﬁ at t i sh su m m it levels of t h e Mic a - sc hist distric ts . In t h e in terlamin ated qu artz - sc hists of t h e E ast P rawle n e ou oo an d i n m n o e c e i n e c on c u ou ig hb rh d , a y th r pla s a l ss spi s m n n e e e oc c u m o e or i n t h e u z n a r , th r r s all h l s pits q art ba ds of ten c on tain in g f erru g in ou s m atter whi c h at ﬁrst sig ht n u e c a of c n o o c e et c . b u t n o c e of o c s g g st sts ri id ssi l s , , tra s rg a i stru c tu re have an ywhere b een detec ted i n t h e roc ks of t h e Sou e n e an d e e an d m c i e are o d th r ar a , th s si ilar avit s pr bably u e t o t h e ec om o on of c u e of on e w c are Of en d p siti b s ir pyrit s , hi h t

n h M - n m et with i t e roc ks of t h e ic a sc hist g rou p . Whe t h e c ru shed an d tortu red c on dit ion of these roc ks is taken in to c c ou n n o u m en e on t h e en c e of f o i n a t , arg ts bas d abs ssils them c an b e leg i tim at ely advan c ed as in dic ative of orig in ally m i Th is u on of t he G een c i azoic sedi en dat on . e d trib ti r s h sts has been shown i n t he in trodu c tory n otes on t h e Sou thern ar ea t o in dic ate an an tic lin al stru c tu re i n t h e m ass of t h e Mic a - s c hist g rou p in t h e P ortlem ou th an d Start area lyin g

M - li e t o t he n o between th eir ou tc rops . Th e ic a sc hists whic h rth f t h e c on e en n of G een c h e i n c u n o v rg t ba ds r s hist av , dis ssi g e on e ween t h e N o e n an d S ou e n e een t h e r lati s b t rth r th r ar as , b a o t o a e of an n c n u c u e u proved ls part k a ti li al str t r , th s ac c ou n tin g f or t h e splittin g u p of t h e n orthern ban d on t he west of K in g sbridg e E stu ary an d t h e dyin g ou t of t h e Green . a on t he e o c ou n ei e t h e sc hists l g m tam rphi b dary , th r by trou g hin g ou t of their lower hori z on s by plic ati on or throu g h '

B RID GE AN D S ALCOM B E . 4-8 GEO LOGY OF K IN GS

T e e ar t h e n ortherly atten u ation Of t h e ig n eou s m aterials . h r e n ot t h e sam e f ac ilities f or dedu c in g t h e g en eral stru c tu re Of

- i n t h e B e e b u t t h e en c e of t h e Mic a sc hist g rou p lt ar a , abs G n c t an d so f ar as I e een e t o t rac es of t h e ree s his s , , hav b abl o e e t h e en c e Of oc b n or e m of n eou oc bs rv , abs l al a ds s a s ig s r k n u u f orbid t h e oc c u rren c e of an y larg e syn c li al str c t res . — S om e spec im en s of t y es i n t h e Mi c a sc hi st g rou p are Mr Te t0 ow desc ribed by . all as l s

W e head C ee Salc om b e E s u a . A m i c sc hi s 7 of N o. 3091 . at r r k, t ry a t ( ) The u ar t he t hong lim m ersc hi ef er type wi th pu c kered qu art oz e f olia. q tz ose f oli c onsi s of m ic o or c yp o c ys alli n e qu art z The m ic ac eou s a t r r t r t . porti on i s a c on f u sed ag g reg ate of m i c a ﬂakes Wi th whi c h som e

- i o s alli n e m e i al i s ssoc i ed. The lan es of l m i n ion or m c r c ry t at r a at p a at , f oli i on h v e b een m u c h u c e ed an d t he m ic a ﬂa es h v e c on se u en l at , a p k r k a q t y ‘ n D s ea s ob ab l du e t o c b on c eou s m a e b een b en t an d b roke . ark tr k pr y ar a tt r

hlo i e i s esen . The o i i n oc c u r b etween t he m i c ac eou s lam inae. C r t pr t r g al m c h ob sc u ed b d n m ic ac i on c harac ters of t he roc k hav e b een u r y y a t . — Lon Cov e S ou h of H all S an ds A u li sh ﬁ n e- i ned N o. 1 7 8. 7 g , t p rp g ra sc hist ose roc k c on tai n i ng n u m erou s c rystals or c rystalli n e g rai n s of a U n de t he m i c osc o e t he in c i l c on s i u en s ar f errif erou s c arb on ate. r r p pr pa t t t e

- seen t o b e t he ab ov e m en i on ed c a b ona e whi e m i c an d u a z . Fe ri c t r t , t a q rt r oxide an d ru t -i le (i n yellowi sh pri sm s an d c rystalli ne g rou ps) oc c u r as im ies portan t ac c essor . ' li — Thi s oc i s sim il t o t he l s loc a . The 1 19. Sam e c ar N o. 7 ty r k ar a t b on at es oc c u r as larg e c rystallin e i ndiv idu als withou t f orm an d also as

sm all idi om or hic c s als hom b s . Ru ile i s esen as i n 1 778 b u t he e p ry t (r ) t pr t , t r i s less f erri c oxide.

- Poi n n ea t he Li h hou se. A u a z N o 1 780 . S sc hi s wi h . tart t, r g t q rt t t l n s f c hi osi w l i P e o s s e l s a ed. Th m ic ac eou s parti n s. a t ty tr t e m ai n m ass of thi s i c e i s f orm ed of irreg u lar i n di v idu als of qu artz whic h v a c onside b l i n si z e an d f o m b u t whi c h i n e lo c wi h eac h ry ra y r , t r k t o he i n su c h wa as t o c on s i u e in d of ou n d- m ass The o h t r a y t t t a k g r . t er c ons i u en s are c hlo i e whi e m i c a ou m li n e u i e an d o e ai u ns. t t t r t , t , t r a , r t l paq g r Th s li n t he u z ose a e e as i n m i The li m en e e e i q art g g r g at a atr x. a g n t of t he f m i c as i s v ery per ec t. — 1 781 . S am e loc i Thi s ec i m en i s m o e m i c ac eou s an N O . al ty s p r d shows A e a e of u r z n f a m arked pu c keri ng . g g r g t q a t g rai s ( elspar probab ly also esen i n his e a e o e he wi h whi e m ic a c h o i e an d som e pr t t ag g r g t ) t g t r t t , l r t

o les n led m i c a- sc hi s paqu e parti c g ar t. The f o ow n n o e is b Mr H u n ll i g t y . t “ Sou h of S a F m . In a sli c e of on e Of t he u z sc hi s b n ds t t rt ar q art t a , t wo m i nu e c s ls Of ou m li n e oc c u on e lon i u di n t he o he t ry ta t r a r a g t al, t r

In b o h c ses he e i s r - a b asal sec ti on . t a t r a e c rystalli sati on of t he tou rm a li n e and i n b o h c ases lso a sli h shea in m ov em en has e c h , t a g t r g t d ta ed and em ov ed t o sho t dis n c e o i ons of t he n ewe t hi s r a r ta p rt r g rowt h . A t s pot on ly has t he qu artz sc hi st rev ealed any trac es of i t s origi nal sedim en tary c om on en s i n i n s of u a z s nd and Of ou m ali n Th p t g ra q rt a t r e. e qu artz sc hi st b ands c on tai ning tou rm aline hav e m u c h resem b lan c e t o t he g rit b an ds i n t he slates b oth i n their relati on t o t he m i c a sc hi sts and i n their

n en ess of ai n . If h e e i s n o c onn ec i on b e ween t he t wo se s of oc s ﬁ g r t r t t t r k , i on f im n a t he c ondit s o sed e tati on t t he de osi ti on of t he sc hists m u st hav e p’ en e c l e ea ed i n D ev oni n im s b e xa t y r p t a t e .

Green Sc hi st s.

W e e e e e oc oc c u i n m as i n t h e P w e c h r v r th s r ks r ass , ra l distri t, on B i c Co on e ween K ellat on an d t h kham mm , b t e K ing sbridg e

P roc . Geol . Assoc . Vol . x v 1 1 . r 3 1 29 , , pa t , p . .

E F K IN GS B RID GE AN D S ALCOM B . 50. GE OLOGY O

u oc Lon CoVe w i c as i n bloc ks of altered ig n eo s r k at g , h h ( parts t he c hif ou of t h e D evon ian sec tion ) c an n ot b e trac ed i n thr g h ' Fu e s ou t h at i t . t he u n derg rowth an d talu s obsc u rin g rth r t i Wi L e B o Co e ec om o e n eou oc 15 oc e ittl r ad v , d p s d ig s r k ass at d th In t h e e am e t h e t h e Mic a - sc his t g rou p i n t wo plac es. b st ex pl n d oc i s ale een an d i n c e assoc i at l on Wi e a r k g r , pli at d th dark g r y

- on s 1s dl - rt z sc hist i n t erlam i n at i S pu rpli s m ic a sc his ts with (lu a , u Ij n e t h e m i c o c o e c an b e t u rb ed b y a sm all thr st . d r r s p all that “ d said is A paren t ly a g reen sc hist m u c h c ru shed an n m e en een n A t Fresliwat er B ay very thi i p rsist t g r ish ba ds,

- On t he en o c n c are oc t e in t h e M c c . appar tly v l a i , ass ia d i a s hists o e red an d een s oc en v ol n orth side of Start C v g r i h r k , appar tly

- n S Co e c n o i n t er li c at ed w t heM c c an d i , a i , is p ith i a s hists , tart v u s u e t h e L ou e e e e t o b e t wo n d of j t nd r ig hth s , th r app ar ba s

- c A m m of dec om posed ig n eou s roc k i n t h e Mic a s hists . s all ass c n e oc c u i n G een c f o m n t h e of an n e e n , r s hist, r i g axis i v rt d sy li rs “ f t h e Oc e n t h e c liff of a sm all c ove loc ally n am ed Spirit o a w t n n i t Co e on t h e ou of Fo o e Co e. N o s v , s th xh l v t iths a di g so e o on oc eem e t o b e t h e e c of an i lat d p siti , this r k s s rath r r li of t h e G een c n m e e oc n an d overlyin g m ass r s hists tha a r l al ba d ,

- havin g re ard t o t h e sou th - westerly strike of t h e Mic a sc hists between tart Poin t an d Peart ree Poin t it su g g ests t h e f orm er t h e exten sion of t h e Green sc hists from t h e Prawle t o Start. ' ' Sou th of Lan n ac om b e B eac h at Woodc om b e San d there are

t e M c - c On t he im persisten t trac es of g reen sc hist in h i a s hist . ‘ sou th of Gran ts rock an ig n eou s ban d is trac eable in the beac h

On t h e ou t of S n n Co e e ow - een w n e reef s . s h ti ki g v y ll g r , ith i t r c alat ed e - n ed oc f o m z on e ou t r r wi e g r y ba d , r ks r a ab thi ty ya ds d T n e b f e c e r m n f e i n t h e e c eef . l a ly a i st b a h r s his ba d , p r a s shi t d f u n e t h e c oa eem t o c on n u e west war t o E by a lt ar st , s s ti ast

w The e n on of M c - c s an d G een c on Pra le. alt r ati s i a s hi t r s hists t h e f oreshore between this an d Lan g erst on e ' Poin t seem t o b e n i n c on M n m o e du e t o plic ated repetition rather tha ter alati . a y r in stan c es of isolated ig n eou s ban ds m ay have esc aped detec tion throu g h t he im possibility of f ollowin g rou n d t he B olt c oast t e oo o h f f lin e at h f t f t e c li s. t he D e on n A e c om Th e on ly volc an ic developm en t i n . v ia r a parable t o t h e Green sc hists is f u rn ished by t h e Ashprin g ton ' T c o he e e . he e on e ween e e ou ou t s ri s rr lati b t th s g r ps, sh ld D e on n a e of t h e Me m o c oc b e e n e es e v ia ta rphi r ks d ﬁ it ly tablish d, owe e gess o e n t h e c on n ec on of t he G een c is, h v r, pr babl tha ti r s hists with t h e ig n eou s roc ks of Stoke Flemin g or wit h those in t he T rc ros o o s g r u p .

Pe o o c n o e — b Mr Te tr l g i al t s y . all — N o. 784. F om t he u arr e A - e ni sh 1 r y ast of B i c kerton . ﬁ ne g rai n ed g r e roc Wi h n o we m a eg sc hi st os t t k t ll rk l y. U nder he m ic rosec e it i s seen t o c on is of e ido e c h o i e ho n blende f e s o es an d c a t s . s t p t , l r t , r , l par, r r ona e — ’ “ Bi c kerton Mr H u nt notes :r A sh c e f rom thi s loc ali ty displays t he f elspars arrang ed i n rou g hly parallel b ands (m i sc rosc opi c ) b u t still as ” g ranu les .

’ u ot at i on f m Mr. Teall ro s N otes . " ’

1 . roc . Geolo t st s Assam Vol. v ii P 3 e1 28 g , x , art , pag . N” R SOU TH E R A E A . 51

— N o - h . 308 F om c o s s h f Fm . a s l i nc 6. r a t ou t o Start (Sig n l H ou c on o d l m S i i of t he Oc ean c ov e. Pa le eeni sh sc his ose oc . ap), at r t g r t r k M c osc o i c a f ou n d t o c on si s of ho n b len de e ido e an d a c olou less i r p y t r , p t , r m c roc r st alli n e m P i ons of f l m c ho n b len de are esen r y osaic . ort air y co pa t r pr t i n hi s s ec im en The oc i s ev den on e of t he een sc hi s rou . t . r k i tly Gr t g p Mr u * he . v T nt f u rn i shes t he f ollowi ng n ote: Spirit of t he Oc ean Co e. wat e - c le f e s r It i s dist rib u t edi n r ar l a has lost i t s i solatedg ran u l ar c harac ter. “ ou h f m i n e als e s Mr. H e desc i b es sli c e as a m ass o r g ly parall treaks . ark r r a r ' n ewly c rystalli sed i n sz t u and hav i ng a f resh appearanc e so c harac t eristi c of h t e c s a i ne sc hi s Or in s u c u es are c om le el ob li e ed. ry t ll ts . ig al tr t r p t y t rat The m i ne ls desc i b e b r are om an d b ou s am hib ole d M . H e c c ra r y ark r pa t ﬁ r p , f els l i b e or ndesi n e ri idoli e e idot e an d z oi si e. ar (a t a ) p t , , t — . ll wish o 1 783. m t Praw e Coas . A reeni sh or e o H a s one Cov e. t g y een sc hi s ose oc A s seen u nde t he m i c osc o e c onf u s ed a re g r t r k . r r p , a g g

e oi e ido e c hlo i e ho nb len de f els a c lc i e u a z sc a c e . g at p t , r t , r , p r, a t , q rt ( r )

— - hi . 30 Seac om b e ands . A ﬁ n e i ned een ish e sc s 90. S g ra g r g r y t Mi c osc o i c all lbi e ab u ndan u z sc c e c hlo i e e ido e whi e r p y, a t ( t), q art ( ar ), r t , p t , t i c - n l an m ne sc a c e s hen e an d i on o es. Thi s oc was o i i l a, g ar t ( r ), r r r k r g a y

- lb i e sc hi s b u t i t has een m u c h ff ec ed b c u shi n . a t t, a t y r g — N o. l 782 . Sho e sou h of Po em ou h wes of Seac om b e San d. A ale r t rtl t , t p - F ls c als m su in som e im es green ﬁ n e g rai n ed sc hi stose roc k . e ar ryst ea r g t

- on e sixteen th of an i n c h are sc attered a u n dant ly throu g h c ertai n b ands . Mi c rosc o i c all hi s oc i s essen i c om osed of lb i t e e ido e and y t r k t ally p a , p t T a i oc c f t he m a as an a e e of c olou hornb len e. he lb te u rs or ost p rt g g r g at r

less u n wi n ned ai ns and m i h eas il b e m i s a en f or u a t z . On e , t g r , g t y t k q r w t v Fl es showin t he ob li u e or t o of he larg er i ndi idu als were i solated. ak g q ° m e en c v ﬂa es v e an ex in c i on of 1 9 as e rg e of a positi e b i sec trix (M. k ) g a t t ef e ed t o wha was dou b less t he c e of t he b as l c le v a e an d sm ll r rr t t tra a a g , a ’ f rag m ents tested b y Sz ab o s m ethod showed t he ﬂam e- c olou rati on an d f u si t b ili y of alb ite. — h M l G eenish re N o. 1 787. u a b oad t o Com b e wes of t e ou . Q rry r , t t r g y

- ﬁ ne i ned oc wit a m a ed a allel s u c u e. Mic rosc o i c all g ra r k rk p r tr t r p y, ranu li i c c o ou less f els ar e ido e an d ale een horn b en de m os l i n g t l r p , p t p g r l t y

- H o n b en de sc hi s . slender pri sm s . r l t

’ ’ / s l v a A ssoc Vo . ii . Par 3 e 1 28 P rov . Geo o st . m , x , t , p g R 52 GE OLOGY or x m c ss m nes A N D SALCOM E .

R CH APTE V .

N ATURE OF TH E B OUN D A RY B ETWE E N N ORTH ERN N S A N D SOUTH E R AREA .

On t he whole t h e bou n dary of t he metamorphic area c an b e located with tolerable c ertain ty owin g t o t he c omparatively

. o h u n altered con dition of t he slates an d shales n t e n orth side. The rapid c hang e f rom on e g rou p t o t he other is equ ally eviden t w e e t he G een c e e i s i n c on ac wi t h l t e an d h r r s hist s ri s t t s a s,

e wee M o ou an d H o e w e e M c - c are i n b t n alb r g h p , h r i a s hists A s he m o n c e of ou n ar c n n o c on tac t with them . t i p rta this b d y a t b e o e e t he e en e on w c een wn w b e v rrat d, vid c hi h it has b dra ill en in o e e g iv _ s m d tail t h e H e e t h e ou n was en To beg in with east coast. r b dary tak n e T nse H e ou of B eesan ds on t he old Geo o c a ar i y ad, s th , l g i l Ma S eet 23 P of e o B on n e u se u en o S u rv e . n e p, h r ss r y s b q tly p i t d ou t e er on eou osi t i on of o e i n e n a n t r s this (d tt d) l , mai t i i n ou e oc n o of t h e B c e on e g that, th g h t r ks rth i k rt Vall y “ oc u e t he o o c of c o e t o t he l ally ass m macr sc pi habit s hists, th s ou of t he e e on ed w ou ou t o o e n c en s th vall y b l , ith t d bt, a m r a i t ' ‘ r hie e e I m et am o E s ri s. n s sketc h map of t he dist ric t Prof essor B on n e lac es an e an d we f u H l San b u t in hi s y p ast st a lt at al ds, e c on e e i t s e o on o ew a M d s ripti l av s xact p siti s m h t dou btf u l. iss ' R sin v es m o e e a e m a an d u n t he en o e f u ai a r d t il d p, r s p s d a lt seawar f o u n e t he u u m of t he B c e on e The r m d r all vi i k rt all y. impossibility of ac ceptin g this view has been poin ted ou t by “ M r Som erv ail t he een c h . ) as Gr s ists are exposed i n a qu arry on t he n or e of t he th sid valley.

Mr. Tea e c e a ec m en f o is u r E 3087 ll d s rib s sp i r m th q ar y ( . ) as A d een sli h l sc hi s ose oc c om os ed of b e e ido e ark r , g t y t r k, p al it , p t , c hlori e hornglende c b on es an d i ron o es . ndou b ed t , , ar at , r U t ly a roc k b elong ” i n t o t he een sc hi s ou and n ot t o t he no m l D ev oni g g r t g r p, r a an diab ases . M H u n o e e r. t bs rv s In my t wo slic es f rom this qu arry water c lear g ran u les of f elspar are sc attered even ly throu g hou t t h e g reen The e of t h e Green c i s i n u if o on e strik s h st this q arry , pr l g d, wou ld tou ch t he c oast at abou t a u art er of a mile sou th of Ti n e H e an d n ne a n n o s y ad, i ch i s rth 0 t he c ommen cemen t of t h e

c ff r n - at G ee st rai ht . The H San ff e n M a c li g all ds cli b i g ic s hist , a d h n n t e Gree sc hi sts of B ic kerton either n ot c on ti n u ou s t o t he c o t or on e e u u m t h e ff e o n as c c al d by all vi , cli s cti n orth f rom Green ' u b e e e f or om e a n n o stra ht m st d scrib d s ch i s rthward in detail. The e t e ef e t o a of t he c om an n t rs r r p rts a c p yi g illu st rat ion (Fig . For i th rty yards f rom its commen cemen t t he section c on of (a) n e c on of own e c on n n sists i t r alati s br shaly b ds tai i g hard ,

Tran c s. D ev on . A sso . f or 1887 4 Vol. x i x . , , p. 35 . ‘ ’ i P roc . Geplo zsts A ssoc . Vol. v i P 3 g , x i , art , p. 1 28. N O RTH E RN A N D S U TH E RN AR AS O E . 53

own - we h br at ered irreg u lar masses of silic eou s c arbon ate roc k with e e T dark g r y shal s . hese are overlain by b) yellow an d red shales ( , e em i n r s bl g beds assoc iated with t h e Green sc hists at B ic kerton , ' an d o t u ﬂs The pr bably . su c c eeding roc ks (0 ) c on sist of brown a d e ow e or e w len c e o of n y ll ish shal s slat s ith hard ti l s, pr bably i i c eou c on e e e e s l s arb at , s parat d by g r y slates or shales with hard S i i l c eou s ﬁlamen ts f rom dec omposed yellow an d red roc ks — FIG . 22 . Cle a t ree f G m vra i g /w.

H or z on sc e 1 i n c h! 60 ds i tal al , yar . e i c a sc a e 1 i n c h! 1 20 f e V rt l l , et.

a a b . o s s c w m

oc e w m e of c ou c in A e on e a . t hi ass iat d ith ass s sili s arb at , as ( ) t s o n ee c n f o t he c om m en c em en t h e ec on p i t, thr hai s r m t, s ti is o c u e f or we e an d en e d e ow- own bs r d t lv yards, th xhibits ( ) y ll br

ec om o e or e w c c on n u e f or - f ou d p s d shaly slaty b ds, hi h ti thirty r W t h e c e on o h . e f t e e e in c t h e oc in yards ith x pti g r y slat s ( ), r ks c an d ar f h ar ( ) (d) e probably o volc an ic ori g in . T e di 8 of both e n orth ward at For t en yards f u rther (6) g rey s ates or shales are exposed an d then c u t off by a thru st f au lt f rom (f ) yellow

ec om o e m e u n e n e own - we e e d p s d at rial d rlyi g hard g r y, br ath r d roc k of t he same appearan c e as t he silic eou s c arbon ate m asses i n a T oc is u c c ee e t en s f u t e e an d ( ). his r k s d d at yard r h r by g r y ' u f f e or e os i n ﬁ n e o c n c t u ﬁ s w c b slat s shal s, p sibly part v l a i , hi h are ex osed by a path t o t he su m mit of t he c lif f over an irreg u lar dist u r c d- lookin t r - own o ec on o y an e ens e g rass g r pr j ti , pr babl xt iv

h In hi ou n e an d en - ou tward slip of t e c liff . t s g r d g r y g re ish g rey even slates or shales are exposed at t h e n orthern en d of t he sec on and e ou e of ou w c f o t h e n u e ti , g iv a s th rly di ab t hi h is , r m at r of t h e ou n u n e e. e on d hi o n whi c t en c n g r d, r liabl y t s p i t, h is hai s m n c m n n e o e e c on f o c o e e e u n ec t t h e . r m its m t, it is ssary trac s ti N o n i n ec on ou 5 ec m en . 3098 o e sp i ( ) btai d this s ti , at ab t Mr Te c n f om Green st rai ht e c e . e hai s r g , is d s rib d by all as a g r y, c e on e a ren t l in t erst rat iﬁ ed w own oc k of h rty carb at , p y ith a br r ' The t wo oc are e e ou f u o n o 1ga t u ﬂ. d bt l rig i , p ss ly a r ks s parat d by a n ow on e e em e c i n e. arr z , xtr ly ri h pyrit It w b een e e n o e i n i ec i on w i c ill e s that th r is br ak th s s t , h h u b e en e e f u ou n or f c o u n c c o ld tak ith r as a a lt b dary, satis a t ry j

on e ween t e e an d u n e e oc . On t he o e n ti , b t al r d alt r d r ks th r ha d , on e an d ec om o e own oc n ot in u silic eou s c arb at s d p s d br r ks , dist g ish ' om t he own u n c on oc are m et w i n t he D e on n able f r br ti r ks, ith v ia

e o i n t he E i e n owe of M e D e on n oc , ar a , b th lia (l r part iddl v ia ) r ks Mo an d i n t he Lower D evon ian roc ks of t he Meadf oot series . re o ln ee 355 356 t e we see f u e on , is ver , sh ts , this y , as shall rth r f requ en tly presen t where t h e reei i sc his ts are i n im media te BE 54 GE OLOGY or K INGSB RID GE AN D SALCOM .

o m t o he u n e e D e oni n an d f or we e an r xi it t alt r d v a , ms as it r p y . i e e If e e oc s are n c u e i n t h e D ev on i n i n termed at s ries. th s r k i l d d a , . ~ th e bou n dary wou ld have t o b e drawn i n t h e positi on ass1g n ed t o an d M ss R s n t h e o b u t e e it by Prof essor B onn ey i ai i at c ast, st pp d b yf au lt or deﬂec ted n orthward t o in c lu de t h e Green sc hi s ts Oi n ted

Mr S om erv ail on t he n o s e of t h e B i e on ll e . ou t by . rth id ck rt a y — K ella t on J a u c ti on For a m il e f rom t he coas t u n til t h e villa e n are o in a e of K ellat on is reac hed n o ac tu al j u n c tion sec tio s b t a b . The u P erm ost beds in t h e Green sc hist qu arr on t he n orth side of t e B ic kerton Vall ey are sof t ban ded sh es whic h wou ld D o At K ellat on probably esc ape n otic e in a ev nian sec tion . u n al t ered ey slates of t he D evon ian g rou bec ome g radu ally i n t erc alat eg wi t h yell owish brown beds an d arder rotten brown ' on n n e t o of eroxi dat ed and ellow- own st y ba ds , g ivi g plac s t p br materials with seam s of sof t reddish an d dark grey s ale or sc hist f e an d w rﬁ i n Th with hig hly m ic ac eou s su r ac s hitish i n t e lm g . e section appears t o b e a more or less rapid passag e f rom u n altered e m en t o e o o e o c n c m e a whi c ann o b e s di tary d c mp s d v l a i at ri l, ch t G een c i Th e o on of b o M c a se arat ed f rom t he r s h sts. xidati th i se i st s an d G een c e ween K ell at on an d B c e t on an d r s hists b t i k r , t he ec o o e c ha e of t h e e eou led w t e d mp s d ract r latt r, i h rapid alt r n on b n e e n or l c a on ren ers i o e t o ati s i t rb ddi g p i ti , it mp ssibl o on e n e w an o m on t o in Th pr l g t li s ith y appr xi ati certa ty . e o e em o c e t o t of t he c e ween ab v r ark is als appli abl _ a par distri t b t K ellat on Sou A n on an d Lan n ac om b e o n l an d t o , th lli g t , c r mi l ; t he b n of c ou n e ween t he S c o e Gas Wo c o or a d try b t al mb rks, ast C ee an d Ma o o B on u . ats r k, lb r g h B e ween K ella t on an d Sou t h ool C ee t h e u nc on e a t p r k, j ti b ds re t a e o e e ween N o e n Town an d Cou n C o par i lly xp s d b t rth r si s r ss, w e e e a ear t o b e m t o o e K ellat on For t h h r th y p si ilar th s at . e rem ain der of the distan c e t h e li n e had t o b e drawn in t h e absen c e

- of e o u e b u t we l e n of M a- c i is xp s r s, a l mark d ba d ic s h st visible, a paren tly separated f rom t h e D evon ian slates by a n arrow ban d 0pG een c r s hist. A ec m en n e t h e u n c on on t he n o of a u in t h sp i , ar j ti , rth q arry, e

G een c N o. t o t he n o of C e one e c r s hists ( rth hiv lst , is d s ribed “ Mr. Te as e na n en c u u - f e hi c an by all, alt r ti g l ti lar q artz lspat d

- c c eo or f o i a. Th e f e s i Th z mi a chl itic l l par is alb te. e qu art has een mo e aﬁ ec t ed t he o em en h n t h Th e o b r by m v ts t a e albite. r c k

u b e c e wi t t he a e- c hi st s m st lass d h lbit s . — " S ou thp ool Creek J em oti on Th e Sou th 0 0 1 Creek sec tion is

e own on t he we n e e t he ev oni n o . b st sh st ba k ; h r , a r c ks c on sist f e a o g r y sl tes with brown f erru g in ou s ﬁlms and a loc al abu n dan ce of z u e n . T e are n t e ec e e e f T q art v i s h y i rs t d by s v ral au lts . he ° sc hi stosity dips are mostly n ortherly at an g les of f rom 50 t o In e of t he ef f ec of u f c e wea e n in t he low c e spit ts s r a th ri g lif f , th re c an b e n o dou bt as t o t h e absolu te c orrelation of t he rocks wi th t he e e ou of T n e H e on t he B e on o slaty s ri s s th i s ad ick rt c ast, an d e ween B e on Po n an Mou t hwell on t he H o e c o t b t ac i t p as . These beds are separated by a thr ust with a n ort herly in c lin at ion

’ S ee P roc . Geo lo i sts Ast on Vol . x v P u 3 . 1 29 1 g , , 30 . Ju l art , pp , y, 1901 . 55 NORTH ERN AN D SOU TH E RN ARE As .

° of 45 f o el ow own an d e i own e o o e r m y l ish br r dd sh br , d c mp s d a e w t ou as e e e n w on e an d sh l s ith g h m s s, r v ali g hard hitish carb at , defin ite beds of choc olate - brown roc k (where less dec omposed re n o o o n Th c c on e e sembli g beds f d l mitic lim esto e). e liff is c al d by u n derg rowth j u st by t he spot where t h e brown roc ks are i n nor a on t wi G e n T e e m a b e f u i n t h e m l c tac th r e sc hists . h r a a lt y ' own o k w e e t he c i f f o e own i t s a e as t ou br r c , h r l is v rg r at b s , h f ra en a e e u oc k or resu lt in f o e g m tary m t rial, ither f a lt r r m t u on of t h e oo of e u s in tr si r ts t shr b , en Th e G e n i on c an b e se . r e sch sts their first defin it e appearan ce speedily bec ome assoc ia ted Wi th more or less dec omposed beds of t he m icaceo c o i or n e e i t e es t h e hl rit c i t rm d a typ , whole bein g dis tu rbed an d f au lt ed in o c In f w ard on e or t w pla es . a e y s these beds g ive plac e t o pale een an d whitish shaly varieties of t e Green sc s s oc a e wi a e a es hist , a s i t d th typic l x mpl of that series which is exposed in a n t ou 30 d u r e on ar y ab t yar s f th r , ow O t h o o e e esc ribed bel . n e pp sit sid of t h e C ee own ec o o e o r k, br d mp s d r cks, e e o e oc u on t he . v ry partially xp s d , c r s k n o of t h e G een an d are c rth r schists, o rob ab l c u t ofi f o t h e D e on n R y . r m v ia n b t h u w n o u t h w y e thr st hic h i tr d ces e o own oc on th e we t an r br r ks s b k B This sec tion h as been very well desc rib ed by M iss Raisin (in t he e ef o e ef e re t o wh o h ow pap r b r r r d ) , e e n c u e t h e dec o o e o v r , i l d s mp s d r cks i n t e i n t he D e on n par at l ast v ia , whic h w e are u n able t o do withou t also embrac in g t he Green sc hists in h ol that series . T e passag e is as f lows In spite of t h e f erru g in ou s rottin g whic h has attac ked som e 75 t h e oc I en e I e ev e f eet of r ks , id tifi d , b li , S both t h e orig in al phyllites with hard n c c eou n a t o o e e al ar s ba ds simil r th s e c I f ou n at H o e Co e an d r whi h d p v , G also t he mu c h altered; b u t more massive rhomboidally join ted chlorite c w c e e t h e of t h e s hist , hi h is h r first

w . metamorphic roc ks t o b e m et with as e g o sou th h Specimen s c ollec ted f rom t h e qu arry i n this sec tion and t e

e t o M r. Te who e o s coast n orth of it were su bmitt d all , r p rt as f ollows a r o c ai e Gu le F m Sou t h ool C ee . A . N l 795. u ar pp t l t ar , p r k b ou s hornblende e ido e aliiii iiish sc higose riic lr Pale g reen ﬁ r , p t ,

- - - H o n b len de c h o i e e ido e sc hist . c a b ona es and ores sc arc e). p c lori t e, r t ( r l r t t 56 GE OLOGY or K INGS B RIDGE AND S ALCOM B E .

N 308 Fi n e ai n ed een ish e sc hi s ose oc o. 4. S m e qu a y. g g g y k a rr r r r _ t r ho n b ende i dot e . c hlor1 t e wi h sc a e ed i n s of i e. Alb i e e , t tt r g ra pyr t t , p , , r l

- d n u les . c arb onates an d sphen e (c olou rless an d m ore or less spi ndle shape g ra ) e ed Fa m Sou t h ool C ee . A u c N o. 3089. O osi e Gu lle pp t t r , p r k p k r c h o i i c m i c - sc hi s som ewha i n erm edia e i n c ha ac e b e ween t he l r t a t, t t t r t r t

- U n de t he m ic osc o e hi s oc l a m i c a sc hi sts an d t he g reen sc hi sts . r r p t r k — The f o m er seen t o b e c om posed of m i c ac eo c hloriti c an d qu artz ose f oli a . r c onsi st of whi e m i c a c hlo it e f ew sm all a n e s an d an oc c asi on l t , r , a g r t a g rai n of alb ite ; t he latter of qu artz g i v i n g u n du lose exti n c ti on an d m c s alli n e e M i ss R i si n oc c asi onally b reaki ng u p i n to i roc ry t ag g r g ates. a rec og ni sed t he exi stenc e of roc ks i n term ediate b etween t he m i c a- sc hi s t ‘ ’ - - an d g reen sc hi st f or whi c h she proposed t he term m i c ac eo c hlorit i c seri es . l n t o hi s eri Thi s roc k u nqu esti on ab ly b e o g s t s es .

h f t he u s e F m . A N 3092 . On t he n o o o o i e Gu ll o. rt q arry pp t t ar pu c kered and c ru shed alb ite- sc hi st sim ilar t o a spec im en f rom Seac om b e

3090 on t he P w e Co s . Sands (N o. ) ra l a t

f — K i n sbrt d e E stu ar Ju n c ti on E ast si tt er K n e , g g y , i g sbridg r n h o E stu ary n ext c laim s ou atten tion . O t e east side (s u th of H alw ell W ood) a small valley whic h open s on t h e c oast c on c eals f or 2 c hain s t h e ac tu al j u n c ti on of g rey broken D evon ian slate s wi own n n e o e on t h e n o f om own th br ish stai i g , xp s d rth , r br h T e dec om posed roc ks on t e sou th . h se dec om posed roc ks are i n part in t erleaved with m ic ac eou s ﬁlm s an d assoc iated wi th

- r e em n m ic a sc hist o roc k r s bli g it . They c on tain harder own e an d m e f ou n t o c on of br b ds ass s, d sist white silic eou s c on t e oc an d own e w c e em e oc ks arb a r k , br shaly b ds hi h r s bl r i n t h e B c e on an d H o e H e n ec n Th e f i k rt p adla d s tio s . ac ts here ob served poin t t o t h e assoc iation of t h e brown ju n c tion roc ks w ith t h e M et am orphic series . They g ive plac e t o pale g reen i sh c an d o e et e of t h e G een c i n wh c f u r s hists th r vari i s r s hists i h, e on b own c o ou oc e an d o i n e w e th r , r l rs l ally pr vail , als plac s her

f n c e M c - c are n o e n o c e e. In on e o sig s i t r alat d i a s hist ti abl sp t ,

Mi c - c ou u b f u l F i i a s hist is br g ht p y a a t ( g . n t h e brow n b eds whic h are here shown t o b e disc olou red portion s of t h e G Th e n e of reen sc hists . li s c on tortion i n th ese roc ks are well shown .

F u lt ed M i c - Fl a , 24, a a sc hi st K i n sbri d e E st u a r , g g y .

Mic - sc hi M . s s . 0 . G e n sc hi s s e . GB . B ow n b eds of G een sc his a t r t r r t g rou p.

K i n sbrid e E s t u W s _ ar J u n c ti on e t si de. 0 n t h e o g g y , pposit e f t h side o e E stu ary g rey shales with lim on itic ﬁlm s are " e e f r 1 xpos d o 2 c hain s sou th f rom T osn os Poin t ; here t h e c ff ec on e c e t o low ou n b u t 4! li s ti g iv s pla g r d, at c hain s f u rther ou ec om en c e wi own oc e e i n t s th r m s th br r ks , ith r erst rat iﬁ ed or i n t er li c a t ed t h p wi dark g rey shales whic h speedily assu m e t h e

58 GEOLOGY or K IN GSB RIDGE AND S A LCOMB E .

e Mou t hwell an d H O e H e n w e e t h e e are g a n . p adla d, h r latt r a i visibl n c are of e ow In t he lan e t o Wi t hym ore t he j u n c tio s hists s t, y ll " : l 876 N o. an d red i n e m c c eou oc s eci m en , part , v ry i a s r k (sp “ 1s alm ost en i e u n e t h e m c o c o e c c o n t o Mr. Te d r i r s p , a rdi all , t r ly g . of m u c o e S om e e O u e i n s 2 eu o c omposed s vit . larg paq g ra ( ) ps d ” e Tou m n e c c e o an d f u e on m orphs af ter pyrit . r ali as a ss ry ) rth r d m l o t h e su rf ac e ston es aff ord eviden c e of partly perox i dat e a

z - c sc hists an d qu art s hists .

- Th e c c om n n l ia ram ow t h e e i e H ope J u n c ti on . a pa yi g sh s rlat v position s of t he dif f eren t parts of t h e g-pope sec ti on t o whi c h we T t h e o c om e e will n ew direc t ou r atten tion . his is m st l t on ec on in t h e e as e c eef s u t h e ev i en c e j u n c ti s ti ar a , b a h r s pply whic h wou ld otherwise b e lac kin g i n t h e i n tervals between t h e

— ra/m o the eh s n ear H o e. FIG . 25. D ia g f f p

B o e ac n Woolm an Mu n hwd l H ope Ou t er

F o Mou t hwell Po n t o t he c om m en c em en of c lif f sec tion s. r m i t t Mou t hwell B eac h (Where t he m etam orphic bou n dary is own on t he old Geo o c Su r e M a e e sh l g i al v y p) dark g r y slat s , we e n t o ale e i n t h e c f f f o m t h e e c eef . ath ri g g r y li , r b a h r s T e c on n g n red f e u n ou m n e h y tai ard thi rr gi s ﬁl s , at i t rvals on t h e c o o oc c on ll m est on e m or en c e al g s hist sity, als asi al ﬁl s, l ti l s f A m o c on tain in t rac es of c rin oids an d of Zap hren ti dw. n en or u s am ou n t 0gqu artz seg reg ation h as taken plac e i n this part of t he sec tion ; besides t h e vein s irreg u larly distribu ted in strin g s i n c on o on c c an d z e w t h e e n a t rti ra ks ig zag g d ith b ddi g , g sh e n e en of u e u en e are m et u v i s vid tly s bs q t dat with . Q artz a o oc c u i n t h e f o of e e an d n oc c on ls rs rm p ll ts, i asi al

— M u thwell n ort si e FIG . 26. o , h d .

assomat i on w c on e B e c on Po n f u e n o . ith arb at , as at a i t rth r rth These beds are in j u n c tion with hard brown shaly more or less c eou oc m e u of f e f e ou c on e f o sili s r ks . artly ad p rri r s arb at , rm i n g a beach rec? on t h e n orth m arg in o f t he strip of san d on NO TH E N A ND SOU TH ERN ARE A 5 R R S . 9

Mou t h ll T e we e c h . h u n c on n o m on e ou b a j ti is a r al , alth g h ' e e e e an d h e e n u m e ou s m c ross f au lt s Ju s st pp d h r t r by r s all . t u n der t h e low c lif f at t h e c omm en c em en t of Mou t h well B eac h a sm all thru st is shown c rossin g t h e u ward c on t in u ation of what appears t o b e a shar an tic lin e of t e hard brown beds aa Fi 26 i n t h e 5 n . e O t he ou f ( g ) dark at s . s th side o t h e san d st ri t h e beac h reef s are c om posed of sharply li c at ed repe " titic u s 0 dark shales (of ten stu dded wit h qu art z pe lets an d Wi th o e m c c eou u f c e n f u e n o ) c on t a n n n s m r i a s s r a s tha rth r rth , i i g ba d of w e c on e an d t he e ow- own we e e hard hit arb at , hard y ll br ath r d c eou e ef o e ef e e t o oc e w m o e dec om sili s shal s b r r rr d , ass iat d ith r o wn The o en r u on of t he u z p sed bro ish shales . br k dist ib ti q art l Il ell ets an d len tic les is su g g estive of t h e g reat c ru shin g t o p ' n su ec t ed whi c h t he beds have bee b . In t h e n n e an le of Mou we l Co e w c i s c on c e e i r t l v , hi h al d by t h e u f f of H o e eadl an d i n t h e t h e c li f f are c om bl p diag ram , s o e of o e s e own oc s w c i n c e ow t he p s d m r mas iv br r k , hi h pla s sh w e on e T e e m o e m e own oc hit silic eou s c arb at . h s r assiv br r ks ° w n n W 1 S or o o i t o t h e e e . 5 . e e u c o t h e strik b i g , th r ab t, r ss H ea an d o u el t o t h e ec on c ef w e e e e an e bli y s d l t, h r th r is app ar T an c e of in eson ation rob ab ly du e t o plic ation . here ma b e a f u i n t he 0 ef t b u t oe n ot in e f e e wit t h e a lt ﬁrst , it d s t r r

c on n u of t h e e or m c - c s c on e n d ti ity shal s ( i a s hi ts), hard arb at ba s d o e w c e e i n c o ou Th ow an c e u . e n hard sili s shal s, hi h h r vary l r br roc ks of t h e in n er an le of Mou t hwell Cove f orm t he sou thern H n dw c e o e l w w o n of t h e e o e . p i t adla , hi h is s ld m passabl at at r On t he ou e of t h e H e n e red an d own s th sid adla d , dark g r y, br platy m ic a - sc hists with qu artz - sc hist in terc alation an d c arbon ates e ow B e S T e e e c on stitu te t h e beac h re f s t ard arn y tac k . h s beds ar o e n i n on e c e in t he H e n c f f of k red v rlai pla adla d li , by a s t dar brown dec omposed roc k whic h ef f ervesc es f reely with ac id ; it i s

T e e o i . o e in n c n e c u t of f f u l . c n at disp s d a sy li by a t h s r ks, part e o e on t o t he own oc k of B c e on Co an d l ast, c rr sp d br r s i k rt ast t h e C ee u n c on - ec on alt hou t h e n w e n of r k j ti s ti s, h thi hit ba ds m ic roc rystallin e qu artz an d semew at more c oarsely c rystallin e c arbon ate whic h are presen t i n bedded assoc iation with t he dark shales or sc hists in H ope H eadlan d an d on either side of it i n e on have n ot been c ert ain ly rec og n ised these s c ti s. The relation of t he H ope H eadlan d beds an d of t h e B arn ey B ef t o t he n c f f ec on see F on s ec e w i c an k re s mai li s t i ( r ti pi ), h h c omm en c es at Ou ter H ope B oat H ou se with t he dark c li ff on t he in t h e m i s n ot e o e ow n t o t he n er en on rig ht diag ra , xp s d i g i t v ti n e c w c we l i n c a e on t h e Si x - i n c m a of a sa dy b a h , hi h is l di t d h p between t he reef s of B arn ey B an k an d those at t he f oot of t h e

Th e c li ﬁ sou th of Ou ter H ope c on sists of dark Mic a - sc hist (with wn t i in ter - g n arled qu artz vein s) bec om in g reddish bro a t s o erox i dat ed i on w t he G een c i w i c a e . j u n c t ith r s h sts, h h r als o t h e e n on an d e u i i u i on 0 i red Owing t alt r ati irr g lar dstr b t br g ht , ow n t h e G een c i ec i on sen e een and e , y g r , y ll ish ti ts r s h st s t re ts a v r n e The u b o i n i on of t h e l ea—c i s i s striking appeara c . s rd at s h st

’ r Teall s n o es . Qu ot at ioii f rom M . t 60 GEOLOGY or K INGSB RID GE AND S ALCOMB E .

— c e n a e h a M c c s are n en se ar e . l arly i dic t d . T e d rk i a s hist i t ly g n l d

- l The c on tain here an d there yell ow brown decomposed len ti c u ar A t - i b an ds an d straw c olou red s eam s probab ly of volcan ic ori g n . t he e of t he ec on i n ee ac e n of ha e e bas s ti , thr pl s, ba ds rd alt r d n eou oc of e c o ou w e e e wea e e oc c u len ig s r k, a g r y l r h r l ast th r d, r —s c S oc o e i n t i c u larly in terbedded i n t h e Mic a hists. imilar r k v rla e i on by brown beds was en c ou n tered in t he S ou t hpool Creek s c t . The ex plan at ion that su g g ests itself is that they f orm t he 11 per part 0 f t he more massive brown roc ks of t he H o e H ead an d ' e e w are own t o ov e e t h e e n on 0 a s ri s, hich sh rli alt r ati s d rk ar lla a c eou s and brown silic eou s roc ks i n t h e sec on d c lef t of t h e H ead n d. It is importan t t o n ote here that t he lin e which has been taken as a j u n ction does n ot c orrespon d t o an abru pt chan e in t h e c e of t he m et am or hi sm M Ra n ed haract r . iss isi has p t he roc ks on t h e n orth side of ope H eadlan d in t he D evon ian . Prof essor B onn ey di stin g u ishes t h e roc ks immediately sou th of t he H eadlan d as tru e sc his ts f rom those on its n orth side as “ n e o n o e B o u or e nf e f u ver m re tha schist s . th a th iti s i r a a lt u n c on e ween D e on n an d A c aean e e in t he H ea n j ti b t v ia r h , ith r dla d or on n o e n f c e al g its rth r a . A s e of f t h e m e own o s f ou n on t h e n o a matt r act, sa br r ck d rth side of t he H eadlan d oc c u r i n assoc iation wit h t h e met am orphic o i n t he H e n e f an d in t he e c eef t o t h e ou r cks , adla d its l b a h r s s th of in so n a e c on n ec on we c n n o ﬁ x an e n e it, i tim t a ti that a t y d ﬁ it plan e of division between t h e roc ks of t he H eadlan d an d t h e

M c - c of Ou e H o e C ff an d e e ef o e lac ed t h e i a s hists t r li , hav th r r p j u n c tion in t he position a so assig n ed t o it i n t he old é eolog ic al S u e Ma rv y p. ’ M r . Teall s petrolog ic al n otes on spec imen s sen t him f rom t he H ope Ju n c tion Sec tion are as f ollows — N o. 3097. N o t h of Mou t hwell Ou e H o e o e A m ss of r ( t r p C v ). a he c b c rty ar onate. — 31 00 . On t he no h s de of H o e H eadl nd on a e rt i p a A b anded c herty c arb t . — 1 794. H o e Cov e sou h side. B nd 3 in c h h Com whit e p , t ; a es t ic k. t roc k with a b anded stru c tu re g i v m g a streaky appearan c e t o an ac e c u t at h n es t o the b an This oc i ri g t a g l ding . r k s c om posed Of m ic roc rystalli ne u z an d som ewha m o e c oa sel c r s lline c b n he t wo q art a t r r y y ta ar o ate. T c ons i t u en s are n ed in m o e or less l e b nds t t arra r para l l a . —~ 30 0 . H o e Cov e ou t hwell. A u ed - c hi s or 8 , p c ker lead c olou red s t h i e W 1 p u z ose n e am in ion s or v e ns —Mic osc o c ll t he p yll t q art i t rl at i r pi a y, u a z ose v ei ns are c om osed of u z and c a b on es e l c oss q rt p q art r at . They c l ar y r t he lam i nat i on of t he h lli es in c es p y . The m n m ss of t he oc k i s . t pla ai a r Si m i lar i n c om osi t i on t o t he m ore m i c ac eou s portions of t he spec im en f rom Ti n se l‘pead N h y ( O. T e lam inae of qu artz and c arb onate prob ab ly represent b eds notwiths tanding that they som etim es c u t ac ross t he l m i n i on of t he h l i e. a at p y l t — 1 791 . H e d nd wes of H e e H o e H ead n n wni sh a la t p ( p la d). G arled b ro - m ic a sc hi s . u z f e s a whi e m i c i e sca c e o u e in s t Q art , l p r, t a, pyr t ( r ) paq g ra , NO TH E N AN D S U TH E RN ARE AS 1 R R O . 6

i ns whi c h m a e esen eu c o I g ra y r pr t l xen e. rreg ul ar patc hes of c lear g ranu litic f els ar i n di l ( v 1du als m ostly u n twi n n ed) are sc attered throu g h t he m ai n m ass of il e oc . These m ossi b e esen o i in l o h ri i c f el t r k ay p ly r pr t r g a p rp y t spar. E i do e- ho nb len e- c h p t r d s ist. N — o. 3088. S m e oc li . A l n s The s a l a ty pa e g ree potted sc hist . pots are sm ll c s s or s alli n e i n v i n a ry tal c ry t g ra s of albi te a erag i ng ab ou t 1 m m . di m e e . The o ec sli h l on t he we he ed su f c e an d are sli ht l a t r y pr j t g t y at r r a , y b owni sh i n ol Mi c ose r c ou r. r c leally t he sc histose m atrix i s essen ti ally an ag g reg ate of ﬁb rou s hornb len e and epidote wi th whi c h som e c hlorite i s . ssoc i a ated. Som e of the larg er i n diVi du als of hornb len de are pri sm ati c i n f o m Wi h ed t e m i n i on s an d t he c olou s are a an d 6 een b lu e or r t rag g r at , r , g r , 7 b lu i s - h reen . The alb i t es oc c u r as pseu do porphyriti c in di v idu als i n t he f o i e m i The are c owded wi h i n lu si on s of e ido e an d som e l at atrx. y r t c p t i m es c on i n so i sm s of horn The ali i ni en t of t he e ido e t ta al pr b lende. p t g ranu les i n t he albi tes i s som etim es b u t n ot always tf e sam e as that i n t he f oli ated m atri x a f ac t whi c h rov es that t he alb ites were dev eloped af ter m h o em en t ad en ac e u t b ef o e all m ov em en had c e sed. The y tak pl , r t a alb i e su b s nc e i s wa e - c e an d t he i ndiv idu ls e i n u i sh u n if o m l t ta t r l ar, a xt g r y, thu s prov m g that they hav e not b een strai ned b y m ec han i c al ac ti on si n c e

he we e odu c ed. Thi s oc is s ec i i n e es i n b ec u se as u le t y r pr r k p ally t r t g , a a r t he alb i tes of t he g reen sc hi sts do n ot oc c u r as pseu do- porphyriti c . i ndi v du s In s u c u e hi s oc i s v e sim il t o t he alb i t e sc hi s s i al . tr t r t r k ry ar t desc ri b ed i n t he Cowal M em oir. — N o 3099. A c u shed m as of u z an d c b on a e e ha s c u shed . r s q art ar t p r p a r v ei n F om t he B o Tail . . r lt Reviewin g t he j u n c t ion eviden c e it is n otic eable t hat when t he u n altered D evon ian slates are in c on tac t with dec om posed brown oc t he e are e e in c on c w or i n rox im i t t o r ks , latt r ith r ta t ith, y , m e e of t he G een c e e an d e n ot een e ec e mb rs r s hist s ri s, hav d t t d where t he Green sc his ts are n ot in rox im i t y t o t h e u n altered D e on n w n o ou an d o e e ee M . v ia , b t alb r g h p In t he east c oast sec tion t he brown roc ks of t he Green s t raig ht low c lif f are in direct lin e of strike with Green sc hists an d brown oc in t he m e of B c e on an d if n ot t h e e e i e ro r ks ha l t i k rt , sam s r s p on e e w a f u c on c e e b t he allu v u m of t he l g d ast ard, a lt al d y r o e i In t he in terven in g valley seem s almost a n ec essary hyp th s s . Green st raig ht c liff t h e brown roc ks are shown t o b e in tim ately D n n e c on n ec ted with u n altered evo ia slat s . The H S n c ff c on of m c an d u c s t he all a ds li s sist i a q artz s hist , c c c e of w c in ou r o n on e i n m n phylliti hara t r hi h is, pi i , at l ast a y c e du e e t o low e of m e m o n t o t h e as s, rath r a g rad ta rphism tha f an ori al c M o eo e t he e m et w on o n . def ormati s hist r v r , typ s ith in this sec tion st ron gljr rec all t h e j u n c tion D evon ian slates with red i n t erb an din an d i n t he n e n e t n g , arts i t rlami at d g ri ty ba ds an d shales of t h e Tin sey ead an d Woolm an Poin t sec t ion s . The ella on Ju n c on if n n n c e e oh K t ti , a ythi g , i di at s a assag ( sou red by dec om osed materials f rom t he u n alt erepslates in to m e m o ta rphic t oo 8. The S ou t hpool sec tion resen ts beds of dolom itic lim eston e in t he e om o e own roc w c are o e easil e e f om d c p s d br s, hi h m r s parabl r h e u n e e D e on n n f om t he m et am or hi c e e f or al t alt r d v ia tha r s ri s , h ou h af au lt ossibleat t h e c om m en c em en t of e G een sc i s t g isp t r h st , brown roc k of Si milar type t o t he c om mon varieties in t he eas t

o ec on e on or es n o t he G een c . c ast s ti r sts , pass i t , r s hist The K ing sbridg e E stu ary sec t ion s i oin t t o t h e c on nec tion of th e brown roc ks with silic eou s c ai hon at e (of t he east c oast 62 GE OLOGY or K IN GSB RID GE AN D SALCOM B E .

h e Mi c an d t he in n er an g le of Mou t hwell Cove types) with t a c s hists . not The brown roc ks of t he B atson Creek sec tion s have Q) . w t e s c eou c on L u f u rn ished t h e hard hi ili s arb 0 u n at Green st rai h t K n i e at e f o d g , i g sbr dg E u e s e an d H o e an d are st ary ( ast id ), p , . n ot seen i n c on tin u ou s exposu re t o

c on tac t with u n altered slates .

H o e e on e t he e c o . The p s c ti xhibits ast ast s o e o i n d K n e E u own oc i n t f i g sbridg st ary br r ks a d l a c e c on u n c on wi oc a c i e S e pli at d j ti th r ks s r b d h M t o t h e D e on n e ( ou e t v ia slat s alth g h rath r u n m o e m c c eou i n an d on t h e n o e o r i a s , , rth sid . s s m - t of H o e H e n ) an d w M c c s t k s p adla d ith i a s hist r c i a o h on t h e sou th side of it . D r c s c . Th e en en c of e e ec on en i z t d y th s s ti s tak D n t a r o e e t o ow e e of de c a t g th r is sh that a s ri s c om posed b rown volc an ic roc ks assoc iated ‘ a w c eou e oc c c eou c ith arg illa s b ds , l ally al ar s i an d c on n n m e on e i n c e f o m tai i g li st pla s, r p l an n e m e e ou e ween t h e e e 8 C? i t r diat g r p b t alt r d £0 4 . ' (I) an d u n t e e oc an d W e e oc e — al r d r ks, h r ass iat d g c ’ with r oc ks su fi i c i en t ly f resh t o ex hibit grades of m etam orphism seem t o b e as - c3 _q fl a) , i n m e c on n ec e wi t t h e on e e e a g ti at ly t d h s ri s $2! as wi th t h e other . $ 5 8 s a g “ Two altern ative stru c tu res were g iven ( 5 ° n (see . 36 of t h e e on of t h e D e on n c: p ) r lati s v ia o . ou in t h e N e n e On o o . e f e e "d g r ps rth r ar a th s " US ec on w c c on n ec t h e Torc ross an d 3 s ti s, hi h ts “ UN Tin sey H ead slates over an ax is of B eeson v 8 w ' ”1 G n u l c on n ec t h e B ee on G rit , at ral y ts s rits R n w t h e o e B e . A s e ’' ith i g m r ds alr ady cé o g e ec on een u e dia :‘ o stat d , this s ti has b fig r d g 16 a n» am m atic ally? Th e c orrelation of t h e 0 74 m m r Ffl U) gorc ross an d Tin sey H ead slates n atu rally h Ffl o su g g ests t e represen tation of t h e Torc ross 5- 4 0 . n eou oc t he G een c T " ' . he m o E-4 i s r ks by r s hists 94 . gt ern at i v e o e 0 2 a hyp th sis is sketc hed in t h e 3 3 3 5 ”J c c om n n m Fi . in an a pa yi g diag ra ( g it o m 0 t h e B ee on are en an ou t 5 8 s g rits tak as o Ce “ c ro in m o e or e e en o pp g r l ss imp rsist t 0 i 9 e i e . j n less e e a d ov 0 s r s th s g rits n erl in g : P . R n e n e e c an b e o e t o Q i t rlami at d b ds pr v 0 3 e e en t he S addon + , w c wou an r pr s t t g rits hi h ld bri n g t h e Green sc hists in to direc t c on n ec tion with t he Ashprin g ton volc an ic e e e e n o efi n s ri s, th r is d ite D evon ian v ol c an i c series wi th whic h t o c on n ec t t he G een c i r s h sts .

’ P roc . Geolo i st s A ssoc . Vol. v ii Pa 3 . 1 24. g , x , rt , p NE W RE D ROCK S OR PE RM IAN 63

CH AP TE R VI .

N E W RE D ROCK S R P E RM IAN O .

B eyon d t h e well - kn own ou tli ers of Slapton an d Thu rleston e e e n o e en c eof t h e N ew Red oc e e on t h e e d th r is vid r ks , ith r s aboar in 5 or n an d S ee 3 5 an d 356 . It c n n o e ef o e b e i n i l , h ts a t , th r r , f e e h e e roc on c e e en e ac os s t h e om on o rr d t at th s ks xt d d r pr t ry , f om o e t O sh ore . H ow e e t h e o n s f r sh r . v r p sitio o these ou tli ers taken i n c on n ec tion with t h e trac es o f N ew Red on B erry H ead on t h e on e n an d w e den c es of e en c e i n c on ha d , ith vi its pr s n ec t i on W t h e Caw n f e e on t h e o e o n t o t he i n ith sa d lsit th r , p i t f eren c e that t h e presen t c oast lin e had been i n n o sm all deg ree n m det erm in ed by t heir an c ie t arg in . The S on ou e c on of n an d ec c t h e f o m e lapt tli r sists sa d br ia r r, ne t h e e on t h e n o de of S on B d e ow n as ar sh d rth si lapt ri g , sh i g u e an d f e am n at on or c u en e d n t h e e tr als l i i s , rr t b d i g ; latt r

— ( u w en t—beddi n near Sla o FIG . 28. J t n B r g p i dg e.

e e f om t h e oc es - e an d an d f om d riv d r l al slat , g rit shal s g rits , r t h e u e n oc c u n i n em w om e n eou n q artz v i s rri g th , ith s ig s a d * m n oc c asion al limeston e f rag e ts . A c on n ec tion between t h e ' larg er mass an d t h e sm all adjac en t patc h on t h e west is o e b u t e ou f u an d t h e n or e n ou n on p ssibl , v ry d bt l , th r b dary , t he e of S on om ew o c u re. Th e T u e ast lapt , is s hat bs h rl ' ston e ou tliers c on sist Of (1 ) t h e stac k c all ed Thu rlest on e Roc w c c o o e of c w e e e e of b ec c k , hi h is mp s d thi k ath r d b ds r ia n n e e t h e s ea n o an c t he of w c tu ll d by i t ar h , pillars hi h e u on a ﬂat eef of of c red an d re n e r st p r s tish lila , g y ba d d, r e e of a e in Colla it C ee &c D e on n e o . v ia slat s shal s (typ sh l s p r k , ) h c ff u i e an d 3 t h e c n e H orswell H ou e (2) t e li o tl r ( ) pat h ar s . Th e t wo e owe e b e c on n ec e u n e t h e a l u u m latt r may , h v r , t d d r l vi The a c n e H orswell H Of t h e in terven in g valley . p t h ar ou se is 29 i exposed i n t h e n orth side of t h e qu arry (Fig . ) n m ic a c e w e e eem t o o e e an d t o u n s t h e tra hyt , h r it s s v rli ab t ag ai t mic a trachyte (M . an appearan c e whi c h is probably du e t o f au lt Th e c hief poin t of in terest in thi s p atch is its Th bein g in tou c h with t h e mic a trachyte . e latter is shown

P el — n T s a s v See en O rias ic u r n . D e on . A oc T ss . f r g ly O tli ers. o

1 86 . 53 &c 6, p , . ﬁ t E E G OLOGY OF K INGS B RID G E AN D SA LCOMB .

A . ) in e e u u n c on w red e - oo n D e o n ( v ry irr g lar j ti ith , bak d l ki g , v nia shales very like Thon st ei n f rag m en ts i n Credi ton an d Te n m ou The m i c a c e a o ec ig th brec c ias . tra hyt ls r alls e A o i i c typ s of f rag m en ts c on tain ed i n these roc k s . rhy l t oc m u c ec om o e i s en e w t h e c e i n on e r k , h d p s d , bl d d ith tra hyt

. part of t he qu arry (M A . an d — w l H u arr . 29. H ors e l om e FIG . Q y

The N ew Red on t h e c o of u e c o ou ast is a p rplish g r y l r , an d f orm s a brec c ia resem blin g i n assortm en t varietie s of t he roc k between T eig n m ou th an d D awlish . It is c om posed of f rag m en ts of t h e sof t b u ﬁ D evon ian shales of t h e beac h eef w t f m en of u an d en Of r s , i h rag ts q artz , appar tly qu artz e on e of u e an d ﬁ n e an d of een albit , st s q artzit g rit g r , very m c c eou S n e c i n c om n u e i a s , pa g l d s hists a mi t d matrix of “ m m e . Th e c f en c on of u z si ilar at rials s hist ragm ts sist q art , f e n ot u n n t an d een m i c S ec m n lspar ( ab da ) g r a ( p i e N o. The n e of u n c on i n t h e c ff i s e u la t h e li j ti li irr g r , beds of

ec c n ou t - ou - we i n t h e br ia , dippi g s h s th st ( direc tion Of Thu rlestone Roc k) at an an g le of abou t are su c c essively overlapped on t h e red an d lilac sof t D evon ian shales or ° ° e u o n em w c e n c n on f slat s s pp rti g th , hi h g iv i li ati s o 50 t o 60 i n ° n n 1 0 a direc tio orth west (F ig . Th e sec tion shows a c on siderab le en e t o Torc ros s f u e on an d c on n lik ss rth r , tai s t he

— ‘ FIG . 30. Cl bet ween L ea s Foot Sand an d T r iﬂ hu lest one S a nd.

! H o i z on sc e 2 Fee t o t he Mi e. e ca sc e 1 In c h 1 60 Fee . r tal al , t l V rti l al , t n ou Of L e F oo S n e c e i n t h e D e on n ba d s th as t a d , d s rib d v ia

C e . 28. hapt r, p The oc cu rren c e of trac es Of N ew Red on th e B rixham e on e eau n ea Waddet on an d i n t h e To u a en n lim st plat , r , rq y p i su la su g g est" t h e explan ation of t h e lim eston e plateau x i n Sheet

’

m r Tes ll s N o es. Qu otation f ro M . t

66 GE OLOGY or K INGSB RIDGE AN D SALGOMEE .

CH APTE R VII.

PLE ISTOCEN E AN D RE CE N T D EPOSITS .

N n e e een f ou n in t he e t he o an c ie t river g rav ls hav b d ar a, oldest sig n s of Pleistocen e chan g es bein g f u rni shed by shelves or a f o of oc f o n eef ou n t he o t in n c e pl t rms r k, rmi g r s r d c as ma y pla s an d su ort in ff of H e or n c en a u t he se of pp cli s ad, a i t t l s, at ba '

- e Th e whi ch trac es o Raised beac h are oc casion ally noticeabl .

e - eac rob ab l a S Co e best exam pl of Raised b h is y th t at plat v , n h ou he S om e st u ar The old e c ear t e m th of t alc b y. b a h lat * l a e w o e f o Pen ell e . c lear ll u e e rms, as g v ry i strat d, hav s a ard s p , theref ore t h e ev i en ce t o b e diari v ed f rom them as t o t h e am ou n t ia e For of elevation an d depression is n ever absolu tely rel bl . e e f o o e e c ff H ea fi v e f ee o e xampl , a plat rm c v r d by li d at t ab v hi h water mig ht b e f ou n d in som e parts of t h e coast between tg9 S ta an d P w e t o o e u w en eat t he old t alu s t o e rt ra l sl p ard b h _ a h ig ht of 20 or 30 f ee o e b i w e if we e o e t o e o e t ab v g at r, it r p ssibl r m v ' u l n The c o n e of t he R e t he acc u m ation maski it . ast li ais d ' beach period was c u t a li tt e f u rther bac k between Prawle Poin t and Peart ree Po n we of t h e S n e ew e e on t h e sea i t, st tart, tha ls h r o en c e t he c n e of H e i n a e f ro 40 t o 50 f ee b ard, h thi k ss ad, pl c s m t, i n t he c i f fs an d t he n e c on t n u ou st ri of at t ish or en l , arly i s fl g tly o ou n nkin t h e ee o e O B et we sl ping g r d fla st sl p s t he schi sts. en t h e Prawle Poin t an d elcom be hou r t h e sea has on lyspared oc c on Of c ff - f rin n H ea at eau an d i t i s n ot asi al strips this li g i g d pl , n m i n t h e B o c o or f o en e t o E e M ou ag ai a lt ast r m th c rm th. B e on me Mou t he Re e o e Coa owe e ff o er y th v lst k st, h v r, a rds v y — ood examples of i t an d both here an d on t he c oas t eas t of g w e Po n t he o u r en c e of in n ac les or e of t h e H ea ra l i t, cc r , patch s, d

“ on t he oc la f o n u e e en a n e n r k p t rm, i s lat by r c t m ri de u dation f om t h e n e ou n u in t he ff o e t h e n u it r ig hb ri g tal s cli s, pr v s a ti y an d o n e of i c c u u on w i n t h e wo d imp rta c th s a m lati , hich, r s of

Go w n - Au en a a m e w en t he e on f d i st , m rks ti h d g radati o t h e su r f ace proc eeded m u ch more rapidly than by t h e mere ef f ec ts of e o o i on an d w en f en of ro f ar e e in h d c mp s ti , h rag m ts ck xc ed g t e motive power of any rain f all were c ou ve ed down slopes al ong ” w i c t h e nu e t a e of e 0 are n ow arr e h h mi t s p rticl s matt r y c i d.

Ra i sed B ea c h a n d H ea d. — Rev elst oke Coast At N et t on Islan d t he Raised- beac h plat has een e e on t h e e of t he o n u n t wo b br ach d al g strik r cks, i s lati g small ridg es of H ead f rom t h e H ead in t he main c li f f t h e base of t h e H ea h e e e i - e ow f i n e in e u e an o e d r is r dd sh y ll , r t xt r th ab v , n A an d con tain s a very f ew sto es . n other in su lat ed ateh at ’ D u n n y s Cove m ay b e mi xed Wi th Raised - beac h materia

ram . D ev on . Assoc f o T r 1 866, p. 106. PLEI A 7 STOCENE ND RECE NT DEPOSITS. 6

E of Ca wel Co e e of Ra e - ea we e m et w ast rs l v trac s is d b ch r ith, f o 8 t o 1 0 f ee a o e i w e on t h e o a or t he at r m t b v h g h at r, r ck pl tf m , H ea a en a u on t a n win a e of B ee e d djac t t l s c i s c s s tl s. The ~m ost con tin u ou s strip of ead on this c oast is n ear Revel o e i e I I an t ee 20 f ee i n c n e . v a e st k , , xc ds t thi k ss y sl d is c pp d by a e in n a l H e A t e e o e as o e c e of . R in ridg ad v lst k , als lac s

et ween aw e an dPeart ree Po n t he c oa t - f n m H u n b r l i t, s ri r s — ’ u p vall eys in lan d an d in t h e st rips of allu v iai M e whi c h e na e on iff at C we l Co e an d t wo or hree o e a e t rmi t cl s, ars l v t th r pl c s on t he E e Mou o in t he Lowe S ewe F all e an d rm th c ast, r r arm v y t h e Middle Sewer valley (St arehole bottom ) openin on t he B olt o in t he Ea Po e ou e t h e S e c o e n ll e c ast, st rtl m th vall y, a mb a ds va y, an d in t he e all e n e S o Roc on t h e S e e Co we littl v y ar h val k tr t ast, a e t u n at e l e e o t or c c u m u l ons of t he a e of h v r c d val y d p si s, a ati g t he o H In om e l c e e are i o e e old c ast ead. s p a s th re s g ns f th s valley i nﬁ llin g s havin g been den u ded in t he f ormation of t h e e en a pr s t llu vi a. Godwin - Au sten asc ribes t h e loc al u n worn an d u narran g ed g ravel i n whic h t he Mou th of t he Erme has been excavat ed t o a peri od of lon c on tin u ed su baerial waste du ring which t e West o En lang oo e e e e on h f g st d at a g r at r l vati . ' In t he en of t he R e A on n e Coekrid e Po n iff of b d iv r v , ar g i t, a cl H e n n wn n On t h e O o 1 e e B en a ad ﬂa ks rece t Blo Sa d . p s t sid ( th m H am at 6 eet o e B an t ham S n Ee 1 f oo of own ), f ab v a ds ach, t br on o o e n b ed of n oc o a e en st y l am is v rlai by a sa d r k, pr b bl r c tly h T u e n ew Red c on o i a e B own S n . T e o e if f s l d t d , l a d h rl st cl ou t lier is partly masked by what seem s t o have been an ac c u m u lation marking t he cou rse of t he adjac en t vall ey i n f ormer times.

B olt Coast s - T he Lower S ewer vall ey ac c u mu lation g ives t he f o ow n ec on a t it s ou in t h e c iff an i n Sewe M ll i g s ti m th, l ﬂ k g r ill San in e en n o e d, d sc di g rd r

FEET . H ead of m ediu m si z ed f rag m ent s of mi ca- qu artz - schi st i n 5 to 1 0 Larg e stones of qu artz an d mi ca- sc hist with im persiste nt seam s of sm aller f rag m en ts Frag m en ts sm al ler than ab ov e i n b rown loam

B se on m ic - sc hi st b ou 6 f ee b ov e hi h w e . a a , at a t t a g at r In S at Co e in t he rom on t or ou n di Sou San d t he pl v , y b th s, f f ca e H e d f o n ﬂat ti s t ra cli is pp d by a , rmi g a ct, con tin u ou s along t he lower slope of t he Sou th San ds some dist an ce. In t he f f on e of t he Co e t he H ea a ou 10 cli t he sou th sid v , d is b t f ee an d e on u ff - own n ou t 5 f ee h t thick r sts b br sa d, ab t t ick, o e n a ou 1 2 f e of e of oc f en oc c asmnal v rlyi g b t et g rav l l al rag m ts, ly we wo n b u t o u n u in r - own an at x ll r , m stly s ba g lar, a d ab br s d m ri At a e hi which also shows im persisten t beddi ng c ou rses . b s t s e o t a ou t 1 5 f ee a o e i w e b u t f u e ea w e e d p si is b t b v h g h at r, rth r st, h r

ol v i . . 94. Qu a/rt . Jou rn . Geol. S oc , V . , p 68 GE OLOGY OF KINGSB RIDGE AN D S ALCOMB E .

t he lat f orm ou 3 f ee owe i t c a ed u e c on is ab t t l r , is p by a r g g d o o e n e u of c om m n u e gl e w i c eem t s li at d sa d, mad p i t d s lls h h s he o e i n t hi n ou t u pward on t h e lat f orm slope u n der t v rly g . d e n e i nl e . In e o wh i t he c on so i g rav l this d p sit, st l at d sa d c rta y m u b e e e o on of R e - e c i t i s n ot u n hkel st r g ard d as a p rti ais d b a h, y u e u en or e that t h e overlyin g g ravel an d san d m ay b e a s bs q t, rath r u ee n e e or e u n e e o i m i e u s cc di g , vall y g rav l st ari d p s t partly x d p h m t h t e beac h aterials .

’ — n ri c k s Co e on t he P w e Co e P rawle Coast s At Ve e v ra l ast, ast of Se c o e S n s n n c e of H e c t h e o f o a mb a d , a pi a l ad aps r ck plat rm n c e of 50 f o t he c f f e ween w c an d t he at a dista yards r m li s, b t hi h in n ac le t h e sea has m ade a c lean breac h in t he roc k lat f orm . e e t h e f o m o n t h e c li fi ou 60 c m t he h r plat r j i s , at ab t yards n n c e e e are t wo c e of c on o e wn pi a l , th r pat h s partially s lidat d bro san d ; t h e sm aller bein g more c on solidated an d c on taini n pebbles at its base ; t h e lar er risin g t o 40 f eet above b ig g w N e er water mark an d exhibitin g b e din g with a sea ard dip. ith of e e c e o e n H e w c eem t o b e en th s pat h s is v rlai by ad, hi h s s abs t f om t he c f f in t he e e c n E e e e n r li s imm diat vi i ity. ith r th s sa d c e are ec en own f rom e c n e ow w pat h s r t, partly bl b a h sa d b l , ith ’ e e c u o w e or e are t he n w e m p bbl s ast p by st rm av s, th y la d ard t r i n at ion of t h e Old Raised - beac h (or of B lown S an d an d Raised e c w c f ar t he m o o le e n on TO b a h) hi h is by st pr bab xpla ati . c c ou n f or t he o on of t h e n n c e we u u e a t is lati pi a l , m st ass m that it f ormed a part of a m ass of H ead ban ked ag ain st t h e c lifi s an d o e n t he old e c n d an d i n t h e en u on of t h e v rlyi g b a h sa , , that, d dati c ff an d e c f o t he c i ff of t he H e was w e li b a h plat rm, l part ad ash d away an d t he trac es of t he Old beac h preserved i n t h e an g le e ween t h e f o m o e an d t h e c f f e n on b t plat r sl p li at its t rmi ati . The Old beac h platf orms ran g e f rom hig h water m ark t o 1 0 or 1 5 f ee o e on s c o 5 f ee e n ou t he e e t ab v it, thi ast, t b i g ab t av rag e w e e t h e H e e u e on t he f o m e ween h ig ht h r ad plat a x r st plat r , b t P w e an d Peart re ra l e poin ts. At t he Prawle en d of t h e H ead plateau st rip t h e ac c u mu lation f o c ff of e ow- own t on oa or n e oc c rms a li y ll br s y l m sa dy arth, a i on all n s y prese ting a stratified ap c aran os throu g h distribu tion of e i i n on e ot w e e tli ; , e c f f ou 24 f ee mat r al s h r li is ab t t high , t he e t on c on o 20 f ee of H e e in c o ou an d Wi s c i sists t ad , y l r , th man y larg e f rag men ts in t h e u pper hal yellow- brown an d with f w — e er f rag men ts i n t he lower u pon 3 f eet Of red loam with u n u t on e u on 1 f oo of u small s ba g lar s s, p t s ban u lar ston es an d a f ew u e e e ou 5 f ee o e i h w q artz p bbl s , at bas ab t t ab v g ater. On t he e lat f orm t he e of t h e H e c ff c e of slat , at, bas ad li , tra s c on o a e olg e c n own an d c w s lid t d b a h sa d, br bla kish , ith small e e of u art z an d we e n o c e e n p bbl s schist, r ti d adh ri g t o in terstices i n he A 1 t platgorm . t abou t 5 chain s f rom Lan n ac om b e Mill i n , Co e n e t on t he we m a v ar his, st, a si ilar oc c u rren c e was oh e at o f e a s rved ab u t 8 et bove hig h water mark ; t h e H ead here o e on n i n a ec als r sts, partly sa d , p rt dir tly on t h e platf orm t he e en eac c on of u eb b l On pr s t b h sists q artz es . t he old beac h plat f o n e t h e H e f f n e alc om b e Po n on t rm ar ad cli , ar i t, h e 6 i n c h PLE ISTOCE E 69 N AN D RE GE N T D E POSITS .

* m a t wo bou l ders were seen ; on e of ﬁ n e whi tey g re roc k 3 » p 1 . x I l he o e of c o e f t x f t . t e oc wi tli 4 t i . é , th r ars , g r y r k dark e n f t 2 f t f t e n 3 . x . x 1 . lva v i s, 5 } These bou lders m ay have been in c orporated in old beac h m e an d em n e f e t h e c c u m u l on of t h e H e an d at rials r ai d a t r a ati ad , t he u e u en em o of b ot h in i u e of e e an d we s bs q t r val , v rt th ir siz ig ht , b u t it is also possible that they m ig ht have been stran ded t f om w ec At an e on t he F en c Co and in ballas r a r k. y rat r h ast Croyde B ay (N orth D evon ) we have exec t i on al in s tan ces Of

n e ou e of e z e i n t h e R e - e c e u e n g ra it b ld rs larg si ais b a h s, s g g sti g i c e ﬂotation .

E of Lan n ac om b e M e ow s - own n o m i e ast ill y ll i h br sa dy l a , v sibl e e an d e e an d n e t h e e of t he H e c ff u e h r th r , at ar bas ad li , s g g sts

I — i a M t F G. 31 . The P n nac les, n e r a c hc o mbe Sand.

u e w Old e c e . The H e c 4 f t o admixt r ith b a h mat rial ad liff is 0 t .

50 f t . in c e n e Mat c h c om b e San d an d o e nn c e hi h pla s , ar , is lat d pi a l s of H ea f om 1 5 t o 20 f ee in e e on t he e c lat f orm r t h ig ht , r st b a h ou 5 f ee o e w e i The c li F . H e at ab t t ab v hig h at r ( g ad , ou oc en c e of f m en i n t h e red n o m thr g h l al abs rag ts sa dy l a , T presen ts an horiz on tally stratif ied ap earan c e. he i nn ac les are in n e f om t he Co t h e n e e ein in u e B ou li r ast , ar st g s lat d y ab t 2 f o t h e H e i n t h e c li At t he f u e en d f 0 yards r m ad ﬁ . rth r o Mat c hc om b e S an d (m ou t h of S tart Farm valley) t he reddish own on o e on b ed of ﬁ n e e n on n n br st y l am r sts a r ddish sa d , c tai i g m e e b c an d c on o e in c e an d en c losin s all p bbl s , la kish s lidat d pla s , n u merou s su bang u lar ston es an d pebbles of m ic a - sc hist an In om e c e b ed 2 f ee c an d e u n qu artz . s pla s this is t thi k r sts ou h e c f o m u 5 f ee o e w e en t e o e . v ly b a h plat r , at ab t t ab v hig h at r B etween t he above an d Peart ree Poin t on e part of t he sec tion has been partic u larly m en tion ed by Pen g ellysl H ere t he sec tion c on sists of

FE E T. (1 ) H ead of reddi sh loam stu dded with lar e an d sm all n u sc hi s and u a z s on es wit b nds of a g lar t q rt t , a stoneless loam here an d there 1 5 170 20 2 Co se e owi sh - b own u art z ose s nd eddi sh in t he ( ) ar y ll r a , r u e v isib le f or ew f ee down w d an d t hen pp r art, a t ar , c onc ea ed where t he c liff slopes down ward m ore g ently t o t he Old b eac h platf orm b y (3) 4 t o 5 ’ M P roc . Geolo i st s A ssoc Vol. v ii P 3 . 1 30 . P on ou nc ed b r. g ” x , art , p r y ” n H arker t o b e A Gra i te Gnei ss an d Qu artz D iorite. “ a f Tr ns . D ev on . A ssoc . f or 1 866, On Raised Beac hes . " ’ ' 70 GE OLOGY OF K i NGss E i DGE AN D sAL c OM B E .

FE E T . 3 H e d - of t he s m e c h c e as t h e H ead ( ) a , a ara t r f ee ab ov e es i ng on t h e oc k pla f o m b ou 5 r t r t r at a t t 1 5 hig h water — e t h e owe The obviou s readin g of t h e sec ti on is t o c on si d r l r h e H e o e ki n t h e H ead a rec en t talu s f rom t ad ab v , mas g Or old own own w c on n u on of t h e Old e c n bl d ard ti ati b a h sa d . In f ou of i i n an a c en f o m . san d (2) t o t h e roc k plat r av r th s , dj a t wn w t o t h e lat f orm an d spot t h e san d seem s t o c on tin u e do ard , a g e e t o in its v ic ini ty a trac e of blac kish c on sohdat ed s n adh r s ' F om w e . t h e su rf ac e of a n arrow reef at 5 f eet above hi g h at r r t his we c an onl y adm it an other in ter retation than that g i ven o t he by assu m in that t h e san d has slip e down ward an d n t g ’

i ew Vi z . . e t o e een Pen e H ead Thi s ap ars hav g lly s V , was let That t he platf orm a t er rec eivin g a c overin g of talu s (3) own f u e u en c e t h e u c u t c an d n d by rth r s bsid , tal s ba k, a sa dy e c f o m e w c u n u e u en e e i on was o e i n b a h r d, hi h,d ri g s bs q t l vat , v rla b y t h e H ead Th e c lif f s toward Peart ree P oin t show i n on e plac e 30 f eet a d of H ead c on tain in g very larg e f rag men ts here n there. A t e f rom 8 t o 1 0 f ee o e w e t h e u f c e of its bas t ab v hig h at r, s r a t h e roc k platf orm is strewn with larg e an g u lar sc hist bou lders whic h are here an d there c em en ted by c oarse blac k c on solidated n m e u Of n u an d su n u e a n an d c on sa d, ad p a g lar ba g lar slat g r i s T c h c e of H e tain in g qu artz eb b les . his oc u rren c e an d t e tra s ad on t h e roc k p at f orm s at t h e Start an d between t h e S tart an d H a S n 1 0 t o 1 5 f ee o e w e e n c o e t o t h e ll a ds , at t ab v hig h at r, b i l s n w mi n on of the Old u oc c u t oo it t le c e t o la d ard ter ati tal s, py spa b e n di c e on t h on e- in c m a i at d e h p. — Coast N or t h of S t ar t P oi n t B etween Lon g Cove an d B road Co e i n t h e ou e n n e of S t o e ot Co e own s n c on v , s th r a g l r v , br a d ' tain in g larg e su ban g u lar f rag m en ts o qu artz an d ﬂat bevilled f en Of c an d s lat e Of en e an d o m eb b les rag m ts s hist , t larg , als s all of u art z an d l - ﬂin t t h e w o e ou 2 eet i n , g rit, cha k , h l ab t 5 o ess e on t h e o lat f orm ou 1 4 f ee a o e h thi , r sts r ck at ab t t b v hig w ater. A t some c hain s t o t e sou th a larg e qu artz bou lder was n o c e on an n c c e e ee ti d i a ssibl r f .

’ At H l S n l e t h e oof of ef u e o ou e a l a ds vil ag r a cl t, s d as a b at h s , is f ormed by a c on solidated san dy ac c u m u lation con tain in g ' u n u an d ou n e on e in o z on n e f o 5 t o 6 s ba g lar r d d st s h ri tal li s, r m f - in ee c n e an d e ou 1 0 f ee o e w e . t , thi k ss at bas ab t t ab v hig h at r At B eesan ds t h e H ead is made u Of debris f rom t h e B eeson i an d e o e an d n e e ere n or S e e G e or i n g r ts slat s ab v , ith r at tr t at , t h e i n e en n i c oe e e e an ec n o c e t h e t rv i g d stri t, d s it d s rv y sp ial ti , on o n of n e e e n t h e oc c u en c e S on Le on ly p i t i t r st b i rr by lapt y, n o e of S on e of e o o i rth sid lapt ridg , g rav l, pp s te t o whic h “ R e B e c en e on t h e Old eo o c m a The ais d a h is g rav d g l g i al p. e o art iall own on t h e e en eo o i c m a an d d p sit is y sh pr s t g l g al p, is u er c e n n c n P o s p ﬁ ial y v ry i sig iﬁ a t. r ceedi n g f rom sou th t o n orth t h e f oll owm g sec ti on s were observed

FT . IN . B ow e h c u m u l i n r n art y a c at o Wi th u nworn slate an d a f ew qu artz st on es PLE ISTOCE NE AN D RECE NT D EPOSITS. 71

Coa se h reddish s nd of c o e mm inu ed s a e w h T IN . r art y a t l t it a F . f ew smal s a e u z an d flin eb b es l l t , q art , t p l 1 0 ' B own v e of c om ac t ‘t u a z s e an d f w r g ra l q rt , lat , a e fli n t eb bles and su ang gar ston es som e of t he qu artz peb bpes are larg e The b ase of t he ac c u m ulation res ts on the u ptu rned edg es of t he D ev oni n sla es or sh les e h s b ou a t a at, p r ap , a t 8 f eet ab ove hig h water N e t h e o e t h e e c on t a n in n e e of m l e ar ab v , g rav l, i g fli t p bbl s s al siz , is shown restin on t he D evon ian at abou t 1 0 f eet above t he w e — L at r level of t e ey. Fu e n o e ia of e or a e f en c on t n n rth r rth, a br cc slat sh l rag m ts ai i g e es Of u t an d fl n e e an d e e ow n Of bbl q artz, g ri i t h r th r , sh s sig palse bedding ; b u t this observat ion in view of t he presen c e of N ew Red e u nre e e s o m en of br ccia is liabl , as a partial r a s rt t it e t o t he n oo o a on of e of m o e ec en t mi ht l ad i r ti trac s r r avels.

f t h e Sla t on e h f en of Ra e - eac g rav patc is a rag m t is b h , th e H e if en e i e was c om e e e e e f o ig h r y, it th x st d, pl t ly s v r d r m

t he Lowe t h e m e Of f o on . r, at ti its rmati The g en eral in f eren ces t o b e dedu ced f rom t he oc c u rren ces

o e- en one are : - T a t he oc f o on t he oas ab v m ti d h t r k plat rms c t,

u e w t he Ra e - eac el c en o e u er en c e co pl d ith is d b h r i s , d t a s bm g of The H ea en o e an e e on of he at least 20 f eet. d d t s l vati t Raised beaches su fﬁ cien tly hig h an d of su fﬁ cien tly lon g du ration t o e m of t he sheddi n Of e en e u f n f o t he h r it xt siv tal s a s , r m ig h

Fn o e o e t he aised- e c ff an d e en n f or c on a ds ab v , v r b a h cli , xt di g a l n e ou w f o on t he Old ea f o sider b e dista c s t ard r m it, b ch plat rm ; i n t he proc ess of it s accu mu l ation t he marin e deposit s were we w a l n o o e in t he e of t h e partially s pt a ay, p rtial y i c rp rat d bas a u t l s. Th e oc cu rren c e of din ts i n t h e Slapton g ravel an d i n t h e san d beac h i n St orepot Cove seem t o poin t t o an opposite C f i n e t o t h e e en n e ow n n e . Ad drif t o sh g l pr s t , am ly , d n ha l r f i n t he R e - e c e i o t h e o i i n f mittin g su c h a d i t ais d b a h p r d , r g o

on L e e o e n e e Vl z . , t h e ou e e ec on Slapt y b c m s i t llig ibl , s th rly, d fl ti of t h e Gara (t h e n orthern tribu tary t o t h e L ey) by a ban k of en ou wa c o m ou f om w shin g le driv s th rd a r ss its th , r hich n a u fi n d wa t o t h e O o e n an d material wou ld t rally its y pp sit ba k , acc ou n t f or t he g ravel patc h on t he n orth of Slapton B ridg e as a T e e c an b e n o ou t o t he e i en e flu v i at ile deposit . h r d bt as x st c n t h e R e - e c f o n of t h e S alc ombe E stu ary du ri g ais d b a h rmatio .

S u bm ari n e F orest s .

f o e Of B c o in S ee 350 i s a e Th e su bmerg ed r st la kp ol h t , v ry ' e e c hﬁ s i n ee 356 short distan c e n orth of t he Str t sh t ; yet there f u e ed e are n o rec ords of t h e Occu rren c e O s bm rg v g etation f rom we e c a this spot rou n d t h e Start Coast u n til r a h S lc ombe an d e on t h e B o H e t he on ec o e n n c e E st u arv , b y d lt ad ly r rd d i sta ' O T u e on e San n B u B a is on t he sou th f h rl st ds i ig b ry y. * b e t h e u m e e f o e i n B u B a Pen e descri d s b rg d r st ig b ry y , g lly . f S i m i en om b u t on ly men tion s t h e oc c u rren c e o lar ph en a at

a n s ev on . Assoc . f or 1866 . 77 &c . Tr . D , p , M B E 72 GE OLOGY OF K IN GS B RID GE A N D SA LCO .

u n c en u S n i n S c o e E st ary, i id N orth S an ds an d So th a ds , al mb t w as c o e e n f m u s B u B a f o e tally . H e i or s that ig b ry y r s dis v r d t h e n o S l de of i n 1 866 b y t h e displac emen t Of t h e san d on rth o . Th e f o m eef f e s e e e t h e Thu rleston e roc k plat r r s , a t r v r st rms Wi ee ru n c om m en c em en t Of a m ass of dark blu e c lay th tr t ks t 1 50 f ee e on an d other veg etable remain s w as exposed a t b y d e e wou i n i e m k w e e i n n t i e , t hig h w at r ar , h r spri g d s th r ld s ll e c a was 1 5 f ee i n b e b ou t 1 3 f ee Of w a e . Th w eat her , a t t r l y t w n d e en e e w f or 94 f ee i n n o we e idth , a xt d d s a ard t a rth st rly n an d f e n n n e ac e of f om 20 m direc tio , , a t r passi g a sa dy i t rsp r 30 f ee n e e an d was e i n t h e e i rec i on t , ag ai app ar d trac d sam d t e u n are Of i ou s z es on é f or 50 f eet f u t e . Th e t e t , r h r r r ks var s r _ 1 1 8 n c e i n m et e n o n c i n i c i on bein g f rom 5 t o i h s dia r , disti t d at s e c o e e oa w e e n u e m on Of roots wer dis v rabl , ks r disti g ishabl a g st t m an d an m en e u n Of a i n u i e oo he , im s q a tity b rk q t a g d

stat e Of preservation . f e e su b A s an exam ple Of t h e in f requ en t di sc losu re O th s e e on P en e e e m arin e trac es Oi v g tati , g lly says that th r is reason t o thin k that between its disc losu re i n 1 802 an d its e o u e 50 e e t h e B c oo u m e e f o e was xp s r y ars lat r , la kp l s b rg d r st n ot u n c overed . F we e oe n ot m en on u m e e f o e M r. J . air ath r d s ti s b rg d r st * h e n c on S ou S n . At N o S n e e c i di ati s at th a ds rth a ds , d s rib s them t hu s At low water sprin g tides m ay b e seen e e e i n t h e n l e u n Of u n Of ee an d mb dd d sa d a arg q a tity tr ks tr s , , on n f oo or t wo e ow t h e u f c e of dec om dig g i g a t b l s r a , a mass o e e e e e m et w t am on w i c a e een p s d v g tabl matt r is i h , g st h h h v b

f ou n t h e of ee n u c o n an d e e . d small sprays tr s , ts , a r s , l av s An oak u n 3 f ee i n m e e an d 6 f ee on w as du tr k , t dia t r t l g , g u t 4 f ee f om t h e u f c e n e t he e w as c an d o at t r s r a , ar h art it bla k

er b u t u i n t he ou e 6 n c e of c c u f e enc e . v y hard, p lpy t r i h s its ir m r

e Va lley A llu v i a. an d Su bm erg d F ores t s .

It n o c e e t h e u m e e f o e c oc c u e is ti abl that s b rg d r st lays py sit s , t h e em ou c u e Of t h e e en n e Of n e whi c at b h r s pr s t li s drai ag , h wou ld n ot have been su itable f or terre strial g rowth du rin g t h e m e w en t h e a u n ow o e n n e m ti h ll vial ﬂats , b rd ri g ti y str a s , f o m e t h e e of w de c n n e an d in T or A e t h e r d b ds i r ha ls , that bb y ,

P a n on &c . w e e e e u e een c u t ou ig t ﬂats , , h r th s all via hav b thr g h , e or ea u m n i n a p aty p t s bstratu is u su ally f ou n d . Ag ai e t u e w c e een in e en c e or e w c e s ari s hi h hav b xist , vall ys hi h hav

b een e u e du n t h e R e - e c e o we e st ari s , ri g ais d b a h p ri d , hav e n at on Of e t w ﬂu v i at ile an d m i n e c c u n alt r i s p a ith ar a mu latio s , a s i n som e Corn i sh stre am t i n s ec tion s,s howin g at on c e t h e n f t h e lo g du ration O f orest period an d t h e c han g es that took

c e u n ow . It c n n o h owe e b e pla d ri g its g r th a t , v r , said that t h e u m e e f o e u n e c on s i t , e on o e e e s b rg d r sts d r d ra i ab v , r pr sen t an y t n b u t t h e m ost ec en ow of h e o hi g r t g r th t at p ri d , an d it is very o b e t e w e e i n de pr ba l that h y r va d by river waters an d c overed by

Salc om b e an d N ei hb ou hood b J . Fai rweat her g r , y , Salc om b e 1 88 , 4

O GE OLOGY OF K IN GSB RID GE AN D SA LC M B E .

T e e O erv on en i n c on n ec on w t h e oc c u en c e h s bs ati s, tak ti ith rr d Of Felsites an d Gran ophyres i n t h e Modbu ry di stri c t an at

B lac kat err P o n are of c on e e n e e . y i t, sid rabl i t r st r a a l Th e n e an d f e i i c oc They a e thu s ex l in b e. g ra it ls t r ks , by direc t tran sport om D artm oor an d f rom exposed m asses traversin g t h e c ou rse of t h e E rm e t h e dec reasi n g nu m bers of t h e ston es f rom E rm e M ou th eastward bein g what we shou ld expec t n Of in e f Th e n u n der t h e prevailin g c o dition s sh g l dri t . fli t peb bles dem an d a dif f eren t explan ation as their dis tribu tion is n ot so loc al ; t h e most Obviou s su g g estion is derivation f rom old e c e w c een f o e u n t h e e en c e b a h mat rials, hi h had b rm d d ri g pr val Of own c nn e or we e f a d ha l st rly dri t. N e t h e n c n e of T n e H e e e ween T n e ar a ti li i s y ad b ds, b t i s y \ H e an d Green st rai ht c on so e c e Of S n e e e ad g , lidat d pat h s hi g l adh r ' t o t h e roc ks at a f ew f eet above t h e base Of t he c lifl 5 th e material en c w t h e e c e ow an d m a e een c on is id ti al ith b a h b l , y hav b solidated by perc olation throu g h c alc areou s b eds i n t h e S lates where t h e b eac h had b een b an ked a ai n st t h e c lif f f or a u f fi c en en Of m e b u t on t h e o he n e m a s i t l g th ti ; , t r ha d, th y y b e t h e e c Of e o e on n t o t he R e - e c r li s a d p sit b l g i g ais d b a h period .

B l w o n S an d.

’ Sm c of B own S n o u at t he ou Of t he E m all tra ts l a d cc r m th r e, A rm er Co e Challab orou h B e c on B o ou at y v , g a h, r h Islan d an d _ t he o o i e c o b t he A on n e Coekri de , Po n on pp s t ast v ar g i t, B an t ham H yarm , ou t h S n Le Foo S n an ams at a ds, as t a d, d T u e on e n h rl st Sa ds . E CON OMICS . 75

CH APTE R III V .

E CON OMIC S .

Wat er Su l pp y.

Alt hou g h t he area is well watered an d t he ham lets an d f arm e o n e u a e u e f om we an d n u c u st ads btai ad q t s ppli s r lls spri g s , str t ral c on dition s as t o t he relati ve perm eability of t h e roc ks are n ot u c wou c on u c e t o t h e f u n n of e w e s u s h as ld d r ishi g a larg at r pply . Th e oc are e e e ou c e e n e Or o n r ks all p rm abl thr g h l avag la s j i ts , an d e en e o z on u c u z e n r m sses or r t tiv h ri s, s h as q art v i s, har g it a ec o o e n Of u s la e are t oo oc e d mp s d ba ds ar s t , l al, irr lar, and i e en t o f u rn is u m o e n n 8 rin 3 e mp rsist t m ch r tha la d . h re a e owe e o f ew c e on t he hi e an f o m n r , h v r, pr bably pla s g h r s r i g t h e watersheds where su p hes m ig ht n ot be Obtain ed by sin kin g t o t h e u on e e t o Se t h s r n f o 1 00 t o 200 f ee sat rati l v l, p va yi g r m t. There are f ew streams or brooks of an y m ag n itu de whic h are n ot ren dered u n available f or im pou n ding b t he drai nag e f rom f m an d e on e c ou ses b u t he e are m n m ar s haml ts al th ir r , t r a y s all brooks in t h e B olt an d tart di stric ts an d elsewhere whic h m ig ht b e thu s u tilised. In t h e broader valleys t he allu via are of t en ﬂanked by slopes Of u s or H e an d f e u e f u n e an o s i t e f or tal ad, this at r r ish s m y p s ibil i s u water s pply.

Al l t he m in ing en terprise in t he distric ts u n der c on sideration h x r has been t he resu lt of private specu lation . T e e t em el erox idat ed c harac ter of t h e sc hi sts in t he n eig hbou rhood Of S ou th Rllin t on led t o wo n f or on ore w owe e we e trial rki g s ir , hich, h v r, r o u c su ﬂi c ien t l f c o e u n don e n ot v n e . aba d, ha i g pr d d y satis a t ry r s lts At Sou th San ds an Old min e adit shows that at some time a atten tion had been attracted t o that qu rter.

i n Materi a ls etc . B u i ld g ,

Roofi n slates have been Obtain ed f rom t h e Torc ross slat es at Su n n v a e Molesc om b e an d W n e u e on t he o e of y , i slad q arri s, sh r s ro ore in e e u r e n e K n r d e an d i n F Creek s v ral q a ri s, ar i g sb i g B u c lan d qu arry ; an d in other qu arries on t he same g en eral lati tu de slates of t he same charac ter as those in the Torc ross ban d e een wo e TO he n o of t he Torc ross and Ch l n on hav b rk d . t rth il i g t e t h e w c o e e n ae of en i n t erfi lm ed Vall hard shales ith h siv lami , t wi own e are u arri ed ou t in e oc k an d u e th r matt r, larg flat bl s s d ” w ls e W or on e f or e n s ou n t c . en f lidst s, h ba k , b dary al , h properly selec t ed they admit of bein g dressed an d u sed as bu ild n t e e o er u of t he i mg stone. Th e in t erlami a d b ds v m ch d strict 76 GE OLOGY or K IN GSB RID GE AN D SALCOMB E .

B o t h e la e n d are t oo decomposed f or these pu rposes . th s t s a w e e t he c o e on Of t h e on e an d i n e Of e i n g g rits, h r h si th ck ss b dd o t h e o e are u e u o u n an d du rability f th r s itabl , s pply l cal b ildi g The e e u c o e i n t he E C e on m aterials . hard r diabas s, s h as th s ast harl t ’ u e t h e u arr we of W n e St . An c o i e Ro , q arri s , y st i slad , at h r t s ck

f o u le o m e l . et c . , rm d ra r ad ta The H orn blen de- e idot e sc hists have been lar ely u sed f or

alc om b e Th e M c - rnish m e bu ildin g u rposes at . i a schists at

l u e f or w on e ou ou e et c . Pen e ef er rials local y s d all st s, th s s, g lly r s N w Red n of t he S on ou t e w e e of e ﬁ n e t o t he e sa d lapt li r, h r v ry

n as oc c s ona u e f or c n . g rai , a i lly s d asti g s

S oi l, etc .

The o l of t he r c on t h e w o e f e e an d o u e, s i dist i t is, h l , rtil pr d ctiv alt hou h less so i n c ert ain parts Of t h e B olt an d Prawle mi ca c hi s ist ric t s To hi t h e esen c e of f e u n ou m t e in s t . t s pr rr g i s at r f f e en e Of o d on t h e oc c u en c e of ec o o e di r t stat s xi ati , rr d mp s d volc an ic materials an d of c alc areou s seams re eat ed throu ghou t o en es c a on n o ou c on u e The i by alm st dl s pli ti s d bt tri t s. t llag e Operation s c arried on on steep hillsides here and there are a matter of su rprise t o t h e stran g er wh o is f amiliar with a ﬂatter or e ee n u l n c on o l ss st ply u d ati g t u r. The o e t h e Rin ore e an d D ou a es s il mad by b ds artm th sl t , e e w n e of o an n ot u c u e o a e e tr at d ith itrat s da m h s p rph sph t , mak s oo t a e lan e ec f or oo c m an d oo n n g d ill g d , sp ially r t s, g d g razi g la d, ” yieldi n earl g rass crops) It is rat er t oo lig ht f or st rong w ea an d u t t he c e o m et w i n t he Tor r c oss et c . h t , lay y s ils ith , , slate di strict s make u p f or this In t he metamorphic ea t he G een c i n u l f u rn c e o ar r s h sts at ral y ish ri h st s il.

i R Inf o m ion su ied b y Mr. yde of Ri n m o e e r at ppl r, g r , r lati ng t o that dis t ric t . APPE N D IX.

L i sT OF P RIN CIPAL W ORK S ON TH E GE OL OGY OF TH E

D ISTRICT .

SE D G WICK R v . e . P of . A . and Si r R. I M U RCH ISON . On t he , r ! ] Ph si c a S u c u e of D ev on shi e an d on t he Su b div i si ons and y l tr t r r , Geo o i l R n s l g c a elatio s of it s Old Stratiﬁed D epo its . — — P roc . eol . oc v l ii 33 38 . 55 5 4. G S ., o . . (pp. ) pp 6 6

1 839. D E LA B ECH E Sir H . T. Re o on t he Geolo of D ev on , ! p rt g y ,

Co n w ll an d est S om e se . M am . Geol . Su r v e . r a , r t y — S and B ol . 32 36 Sl on an d Thu les one . 210 ! tart t pp apt r t , pp ,

1 840 . E DGWICK R v S e . P of . A . nd Si r R. I. MU RCH ISON . t he , r a ! ] On Physi c al Stru c tu re of D ev onshire and on t he Su b di v i si ons an d eo o i c a Rel n t d d i G io s of i s O e S i e D e os s &c . l g l at l r trat ﬁ p t , — l . Geo . S oc . Tra n s v ol. v . . 633 704 S and B o , pp ! tart lt, p

1 846. M U RCH ISON Si r R. I. A b i ef ev i ew of t he C ssi c i on of t he , ! ] r r la ﬁ at

Sedim en Roc s Of Corn wall Tran s. Ro . Geol. S oc . Corn . tary k , y v o v 3 l. i ., p. 32 .

WILLIA M S RE V . D . On t he Ki s G ou of Co n w l an d Sou h , lla r p r al t — — D ev on it s ela ion s &c . Ibi d. . 1 27 1 28. r t , , pp

1 849. GOD WIN AU STE N R.A .C. On t he e of t he E n i sh Cha nnel . ! ] , Vall y g l — G l . o . v ol v i . . 9 9 Qu a rt . Jou rn . eo S c , . , pp 6 6. — Ou t he S u perﬁc ial Ac c u m u lation s of t he Coasts Of t he E ng li sh Channel an d t he c hang es they i ndic ate.

a J eol. oc v ol . v i . 21 1 22 Qu rt . owrn . G S . i ., pp 1 , .

G LLY W. The T ias si c u lie s of D ev onshi e. 1 866. PI N E O , r t r r — Tran s. D ev on . A ssoc , pp . 49 59.

On a N ewly- di sc ov ered Su b m erg ed Forest i n B ig b u ry B ay ' — Sou h D ev on . l bz d. . 77 79. t , pp — Ibi . R ised B eac hes. d . 103 109. a , pp

H OLL D r. H . B . On t he O de Roc s of Sou h D ev on and E 1 868. l r k t ast

Co nw l . r a l — u art . J ou rn . Geol . Soc . v ol. i v . . 400 454. Q , xx , pp S ec i a Ref e enc e 438 ! p l r , pp ,

B s of ou h D ev on and Co nw . JU K E S J . . N o es on S , t part t r all — d. v ol. i i . . 7 7 . e l . oc . Irelan Roy G o S , , pp 6 1 0 .

B ON N E Y Rev . P of . T. G. On t he Geo o of t he Sou h D ev on Coas , r l g y t t, f rom Torc ross t o H ope Cov e. — rn . Geol. S oc v ol. xl . . Qu art . Jou , , pp 1 27.

FAIRWE A TH E R J . S c om b e and N ei hb ou hood. P i n ed , al g r r t at

Salc om b e.

RAISIN CA TH E RIN E A . N o es on t he Met am or hi e oc s of Sou h 1 887. , R t - k — t D ev on . ol v o x lu i 7 5 Qu art . Jou rn . Ge . S oc , ., pp. 1 733.

7 8 9. SOM ERVA IL A. On t he Met am o hi c and Assoc ia ed Roc s of 1 88 , , , rp t k

t he e em e S ou h of ev In h ee a s. xtr t D on shire. t r p rt — Tran s. D ev on . v o . 3 2 v Assoc , l. xix 349 6 ol. xx . . 21 5 — , pp pp 224 v l . o xx i ., pp. 452 459. 78 GE OLOGY OF K INGS B RIDGE AN D SAL COMB E .

W H The a e Of t he C s ine Sc hi s s of t he B o . 1 889. H U D LE STON . . , g ry tall t lt — l . M a . D ec . III . re dd n As oc . 45 48 and Geo , P s. A . D ev o . s , pp , g l v i — 4 v o . ., pp . 51 2 51 . n d Chl o i i c Sc his s RA ISIN CA TH E RIN E A . D ev on i n G een s on es a , a r t r t t — of ou h D ev on . Geol . M a . . 265 269. S t g , pp

c c u en c e of D e i Tou m li n e i n it u a z 1 891 . H U N T A . R. On t he O Q , rr tr tal r a . rt e TZt A s oc S c hi s wes of S Poi n t Sou h D ev on . R . B . s . pp. —t t tart , t p , 643 644.

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1 LOWE H . J . On t he Re o 901 . lati n of t he Sou th D ev on Sc hists to t he Dev oni n — S es. Tran s. D ev on Assam v ol i ii . 523 531 a lat , . xxx , pp. .

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