Understanding & Implementing Standards NFPA 1500, 1720, and 1851
Supporting Those Who Serve Acknowledgements
The National Volunteer Fire Council (NVFC) would like to thank the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) for their assistance in devel- oping this guide. As an advocate of fire preven- tion and an authoritative source on public safety, NFPA develops, publishes, and disseminates more than 300 consensus codes and standards intended to minimize the possibility and effects of fire and other risks. The NVFC is proud to work with NFPA to promote a culture of safety within the fire and emergency services.
IMPORTANT NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER CONCERNING THE In developing and making the Extracts available, the NFPA is not STANDARD AND THE DOCUMENTS FROM WHICH THEY ARE undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf TAKEN. These Extracts include material taken from and compiled of any person or entity. Nor is the NFPA undertaking to perform any provisions extracted from editions of NFPA Standards selected by duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using these the NVFC. The three referenced standards, like all NFPA codes and documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as standards, are developed through a consensus standards development appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on fire and other safety issues. While the The NFPA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce NFPA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in compliance with the contents of the Extracts themselves or the four the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or standards from which the material is extracted.. Nor does the NFPA verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments list, certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for contained in its codes and standards. compliance with these documents. Any certification or other statement of compliance with the requirements of these documents shall not be The NFPA & NVFC disclaims liability for any personal injury, property attributable to the NFPA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, maker of the statement. consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on the Extracts. The NFPA also makes For additional notices and disclaimers concerning NFPA codes and no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any standards see www.nfpa.org/disclaimers. information published in these documents.
This guide was developed with support from the Federal Emergency Management Agency through Fire Prevention & Safety Grant #EMW-2010-FP-00840. Contents
4 Introduction
5 Developing NFPA Codes and Standards
8 NFPA 1500 Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, 2007 Edition > Scope > Risk Management Plan > Safety and Health Policy The standard extracts taken from NFPA 1500, 1720, and 1851 are > Training, Education, and Professional Development (General Requirements) produced and copyrighted by the > Member Qualifications National Fire Protection Association > Fire Department Apparatus and are based on the original copy > Drivers/Operators of Fire Department Apparatus of the four standards in the editions > Riding in Fire Apparatus noted. Use of the Extracts is pursuant > Inspection, Maintenance, and Repair of Fire Apparatus to license with the NFPA. > Protective Clothing and Protective Equipment (General) > Protective Clothing for Structural Fire Fighting The title National Fire Protection > SCBA Association and the acronym NFPA are registered Trademarks of the > Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) National Fire Protection Association, > Incident Management Quincy, MA. > Risk Management During Emergency Operations > Medical Requirements > Physical Performance Requirements > Health and Fitness
21 NFPA 1500 Checklist
29 NFPA 1720 Standard on Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Volunteer Fire Departments, 2010 Edition > Scope > Purpose > Fire Suppression Organization > Community Risk Management > Staffing and Deployment > Annual Evaluation > Quadrennial Report
34 NFPA 1720 Checklist
36 NFPA 1851 Standard on Selection, Care, and Maintenance of Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting, 2008 Edition > Scope > Purpose > General Definitions > Program (General) > Selection and Purpose > Inspection (General, Routine, Advanced) > Cleaning and Decontamination (General, Routine, Advanced) > Requirements for all Ensembles and Ensemble Elements
43 NFPA 1851 Checklist
48 Conclusion
49 Additional Information Introduction
Standards are an attempt by an industry or profession to self- will contribute immeasurable to health and safety. While regulate by establishing minimal operating, performance, or implementing a standard as a whole may seem overwhelming safety criteria. Consensus standards are developed by specific or unattainable for some, it is important to remember industries to describe widely accepted standards of care and that steps can be taken to apply certain components of key operations for certain practices. They are written by consensus standards while simultaneously formulating plans to adopt committees composed of industry representatives and other other components as conditions allow. Taking small steps can affected parties. have a big impact. It is never too late for a department to adopt a culture of safety. One of the most well-known and respected standards organizations is the National Fire Protection Association In an effort to help departments better understand and (NFPA). Since 1896, NFPA has developed standards directly implement key safety standards, the NVFC has partnered with affecting the fire service at the department level. As an advocate the NFPA to produce this guide. Readers will find information of fire prevention and an authoritative source on public safety, on three NFPA standards: NFPA develops, publishes, and disseminates more than 300 > 1500 Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and consensus codes and standards intended to minimize the Health Program (2007 Edition) possibility and effects of fire and other risks. NFPA’s National Fire Codes® are administered by more than 250 Technical > 1720 Standard for the Organization and Deployment of Fire Committees comprised of approximately 8,000 volunteers and Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations are adopted and used throughout the world. and Special Operations to the Public by Volunteer Fire Departments (2010 Edition) The National Volunteer Fire Council (NVFC), the leading > 1851 Standard on Selection, Care, and Maintenance organization representing the volunteer fire and emergency of Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and services, recognizes that many departments may have difficulty Proximity Fire Fighting (2008 Edition) adopting these standards in their totality. The reasons for this are varied and may include factors such as limited resources or Each standard highlights manageable sections that include unfamiliarity with the standard. Small volunteer departments commentary provided by NFPA. The analysis also highlights may face additional challenges in meeting standards as they action items and/or existing resources to assist departments may be facing more immediate challenges such as disappearing in working toward their safety goals. Standard checklists are budgets and very limited staffing. However, creating and also available. Additional resources including sample operating maintaining a safe and consistent environment for volunteers guidelines, policies, procedures, first-hand accounts from is a critical step to successful recruitment and retention and departments, and more can be found at www.nvfc/org. www.nfpa.org/regs NFPA from ordownloaded canbe NFPA’s web site at andregulations theserules are available of All by request from > > > > > theseincludePrimarily the: the codesduring andstandards development process. There are many andregulations rules thatmust followed be R ensure consistency. Committee thatoversees theproject to resolve conflicts and Committees andPanels coordinated by aCorrelating Technicalmay asingle consist of Committee or multiple related codesor agroup of andstandards, andtheproject on the scope, aproject may develop one code or standard activities. Depending scopeinto anassigned of projects with To conduct their work, Committees andPanels are organized by any interested party. proposed changes to NFPA documents submitted thatcanbe changes, theseTechnical Committees andPanels on act and standards. In toon addition theirproposed own acting responsiblebodies for developing NFPA andrevising codes to, theStandards consensus Council. asthe primary serve They Technical Committees andPanels are appointed by, andreport and are interests. from selected abroad of range More than250 thestandards the developmentwith Association of functions Members theStandards Council are of thoroughly familiar administer andregulations, rules body. asanappeals andserve oversee the Association’s standards development activities, BoardThe alsoappoints a13-person Standards Council to that govern NFPA thedevelopment of codes andstandards. NFPAall andregulations therules of andissues all activities NFPA Directors. Board of Board The hasgeneralcharge over codesThe andstandards development the process with begins involved. canget service the development process andreview andexplains how thefire existence or how are they revised. details section following The Many wonder how NFPA codes andstandards come into Standards Developing NFPA Codes and
Regulations Governing Petitions Directors to theBoard of Guide Participants for intheNFPA theConduct of Technical Meeting Convention Rules NFPA Bylaws NFPA Regulations Governing NFPA theDevelopment of from Decisions of theStandardsfrom Council Decisionsof Standards Development Process Standards ules and Participants . should refer participants toAll the actual
Standards Council to classify Committee members are: the sameinterest category. by used categories generally The the interests, nomore theCommittee thanone-third with from of Technical Committee isconstituted to maintainabalance of interested of or people groups to thetable.viewpoints Each commitment to public safety, to the andtheability bring on factors such astechnical expertise, professional standing, on aNFPA Technical Committee, andappointment isbased NFPA membership isnotrequired inorder to participate than 30voting members representing interests. abalance of nomore consist by theStandardsof Council andtypically codes andstandards. Committees andPanels are appointed responsiblebodies for developing NFPA all andupdating Committees andPanels consensus astheprincipal serve In theNFPA standards development process, NFPA Technical Establishing aConsensus Body thatgovernand for the rules participation. thisprocess andregulationsrules for understanding afull of concerned with safety intheworkplaceconcerned safety with 4. Labor: promulgates and/or enforces standards anagency or that anorganization of 6. Enforcing Authority: enforces standards that promulgatesorganization and/or or independent applied researchlaboratory A representative anindependent testing of 5. Applied Research/Testing Laboratory: standard thereof,or portion thatisaffected by the aproduct,or marketer of assembly, or system, 1. Manufacturer: that voluntarily usesthestandard thestandard tosubject theprovisions or of 2. User: system affected by thestandard or maintaining aproduct, assembly, or installing thatisinthebusiness of an entity 3. Installer/Maintainer:
A representative thatis anentity of A laborrepresentative or employee
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5 Understanding & Implementing Standards 6 Understanding & Implementing Standards on an item. CommitteeThe must reach aconsensus inorder to take action not included in(2) affected by thestandard,or service but is who the ultimate aproduct, purchaser of system, 8. Consumer: agency company, broker, agent, bureau, or inspection 7. Insurance: portion thereof portion thestandard or inthescope of expertise (1) through (8), hasspecial andwho 9. Expert: Special A representative aninsurance of A person who isorA person represents who T A person notrepresenting he Standards D evelopment Process > > Step 1 published schedule. process The contains four basicsteps: years to complete. cycle Each revision proceeds according to a eachtwice year take andthatnormally approximately two threeupdated to every five cycles years in begin revision that referred to here simply asNFPA “standards”) areand revised development process. NFPAAll codes andstandards (also NFPAThe process inthe encourages public participation D Sequence Events of for the Standards
CommitteeThe meeting to then holdsafirst draft revise Input accepted from thepublic or other committees held, isposted for andthedraft public review. Correlating Committee. A vote by is on thefirst ballot draft the standard. necessary, If are therevisions by reviewed the www.nfpa.org/submitpipc for consideration to develop thefirst draft. Visit evelopment Process –Input Stage to how learn to do thisonline.
> > Step 4 > > > Step 3 > > > Step 2
StandardsThe Council decides, evidence, on based all intentNotification to filean appeal of totheStandards Committee(s) andPanel(s) vote on any successful NFPA membershipeach meets June atthe Association Anyone theproposed challenging contents after the necessary,If theCommittee andCorrelating Committee thestandard does notreceiveIf public comments andthe Public comments are accepted onfor thefirst draft ten action. or nottowhether issue thestandard or to take additional Association Technical Meeting. Council on the within 20daysAssociation must filed be of NFPA members atthe Association Technical Meeting. amendments to theTechnical Committee Reports made by Amending Motions” NITMAMs). (certified Technical Meeting on standards andacts with “Certified the Association Technical Meeting. reviewed, motionsare andvalid for certified presentation at Intent toof Make aMotion (NITMAM). NITMAMsare canfilea second balloting completion draft Notice of for report review.draft votes on thesecond by thesecond andposts draft ballot meeting. public comments, then theCommittee holdsasecond draft directly to theStandards Council for issuance. there are If an bypass Association Technical Meeting andproceed to theStandards Council for issuance. Consent standards standard becomes a “consent standard” andissent directly thestandard,Committee revise to further does notwish the submit apublic comment online. weeks. Visit – Association Technical Meeting –Comment Stage – Council Appeals andIssuanceStandard of www.nfpa.org/submitpipc to how learn to
standards issued by NFPA and other organizations. Although operations, frequently to look will thecourts thevoluntary organization. care In for establishing thestandard rescue of care or lossto thatresults some other or individual ininjury Essentially, involves negligence astandard of of theviolation that protect rescue workers statute. under animmunity firegross foror negligence,rescue departments even instates their duties.performance of Most state laws do notprotect some states, may liable adepartment for be thenegligent standards voluntary on private litigation. of the impact In or mandatory, fire and must rescue departments consider NFPA whether Regardless of standard compliance isvoluntary thestandardscomplying ismandatory. with from NFPA standards into regulations. In thesecases, and Health (OSHA)agencies have incorporated wording However, insome or casesfederal state Occupational Safety In mostcases, compliance NFPA with standards isvoluntary. Volunteers A meeting notices,meeting agendas, minutes, andmuch more. standards featuredcharge, in thisguide free of andto find nfpa.org/1720 document pages information at tcapply to apply for committee membership. Visit Meetings are open to everyone, are andindividuals alsoinvited concerns are considered. being NFPA Technical Committee to thecodes and standards process to assure and their needs members shouldtakeFire service amore proactive approach volunteering to siton aTechnical Committee. periods. Additionally, members should fireconsider service proposals both andpublic commentaware of thetiming of suggest changes, and delete add content, andbecome acutely process.revision write proposals, should fire The service and final. inthe It is extremelyto participate important theprocess thecodes until of or standards are validated Unfortunately notalwaysdoes thefire service takeadvantage Get Involved pay close attention to applicable standards. department. Accordingly, fire should and rescue departments enforceablea legally care for standard fire of or rescue inname,voluntary thesestandards canbecome, ineffect, pplication of for more information. Additionally, theNFPA visit and www.nfpa.org/1851 NFP www.nfpa.org/1500 A Standards for to view thecomplete to view www.nfpa.org/
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7 Understanding & Implementing Standards 8 NFPA 1500 www.nfpa.org/1500. To initsentirety, thecurrentedition view visit as, aFormal Interpretation. Committees to notconsidered andshall be, be relied norbe upon NFPA of position theofficial notconsidered shall be orany its of Committee theRegulationsGoverning 6of Projects Section with ororal, thatisnot processed inaccordancestatement, written sections. A onthose theStandard of andcommentary sections NOTE: extracted represent andchecklist text The following approach inthefire to service. healthandsafety theNFPAservices. of edition This 1500emphasizes aholistic emergency critical responders aswellthesafe delivery of first -continuecapability erode toof further thesafety anincident management system,of andcommunication problems vehicle with andoperation, operator training use condition some or members physical -as well of fitness continues to ahazardous be job. However, medical thepoor other emergency services andthe Firefighting delivery of editions. previous National Standard on August 17, 2006. It supersedes all addressed inthisguide andwasapproved asan American in 1992, NFPA 1997,edition fifth of and2002.The 1500is Following thefirstedition, editions were published revised organizations. emergency service of needs specific was problematic didnotprovide they because for the many of to regulations thatwere developed for generalindustry. This were atthetime organizations increasingly subjected being andhealthprograms. occupational safety Fireservice service aconsensusaddress theabsence standard of addressing fire NFPA firstedition The of 1500waspublishedin1987 to 2007 Edition Occupational Safetyand Health Program NFP A 1500Standard on Fire D
department operations, department theduties andresponsibilities of A.4.2.1 comprehensive management plan. risk written 4.2.1 4.2 Risk Management Plan for a fireoccupational and service–related health program. safety 1.1 NFP components:following 4.2.3 thefollowing: associated with 4.2.2 Risk Management. Organization Service plan, NFPA see 1250, Recommended Practice inEmergency management guidanceadditional arisk on thedevelopment of arethe fire identified and effectively department managed. For to of thedaily operations ensure associated with thattherisks management planshouldinclude risk The andobjectives goals members andcivilian), (uniform andprocedures. andpolicies control risk effectiveness techniques of 5. Risk management monitoring of — evaluation solution potential hazards; best of implementationor of mitigation 4. Risk control techniques —solutions for elimination occurrencehazard uponthefrequency based of andrisk a of —thedegree for action 3. priorities Establishment of itsconsequenceshazard of andseverity 2. agiven occurrence —likelihood Risk evaluation of of 1.potential and Risk identificationactual —hazards 8. Otherrelated activities 7. atnon-emergency Operations incidents 6. atemergency incidents Operations 5. Protective clothing and equipment 4. Vehicle operations, emergency both andnon-emergency 3. Training 2. Facilities 1. Administration Scope. The fire department shall develop shall fire The adopt and a department The risk management atleastcover planshall risk The therisks The risk management include planshall risk The atleastthe A 1500Highlights The risk management planshouldconsider risk The fire all This standard This contain shall minimum requirements epartment
organization. operations, communicated andshouldbe throughout the department’s andactivities, operations including emergency afire management of planshouldapplyrisk to aspects all responsibilitiesto members outlined intheplan. with The adoptedthat hasbeen anddistributed by thedepartment document management awritten planshouldbe risk The concerns, solutions previous or processes. andrevise to used be evaluate anddetermine goals, organizational voice onbased each member’s responsibility. area of Meetings can committee on aregular shouldmeet basisto discussconcerns overseeing charged individuals with risk-proneof areas. The management committee. committee The isusually composed arisk of theselection with Developing aplanshouldbegin plan. personnel. Analyze factor eachanddevelop risk amitigation jurisdiction, thepopulation serviced, andtheorganization’s Risk factors to examine may include thedepartment’s isdetermined to unacceptable. risk be level of exposure. Risk control measures must adopted be the when theconsequences, of the severity andthepotential level of level on isbased thehazard’srisk occurrence, probability of department. level. Each arisk hazard assigned shouldbe The and then identifies how they could negatively the impact hazards. Risk control for calls acloser atthesehazards look toassessment used shouldbe identify or known potential main components: control. assessment andrisk risk The injury.likelihood of Risk management shouldfocuson two greatly reduce managementA thorough planwill risk the A to accomplish themission. equipment damage, material, theability lossof or reduction of causingpersonal injury, thepotential of with or anactivity A andhazardspotential responding risks when to anincident. is thefire the department aware member of of each andevery andhazards.potential risks intent The isto make sure that managementand update planto arisk ensure itrecognizes It isimperative establish, thatafire department implement, Commentary risk hazard isdefined by theNFPA or loss. injury as the chance of isdefined by theNFPA as a condition, an object, ✓ financing: www.nfpa.org/1250 for effectiveprogram identification, risk control, and management risk organization an emergency service to develop,minimum criteria implement, or evaluate Risk Management Organization establishes Service NFPA 1250 Recommended inEmergency Practice fa-166.pdf www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/ Risk Management intheFire Practices Service: United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) publication management more byLearn risk about referencing the Resource Spotlight management plan: www.iafcsafety.org. developing Rules Engagement when arisk of Chief’s Reference theInternationalFire Association of www.nvfc.org management found plans canbe onlineExample risk at A > D ction Itemsction evelop management arisk plan.
9 NFPA 1500 10 NFPA 1500 health and safety program.health andsafety through acomprehensivereduce injury thelikelihood of remain, healthy. to thedepartment It of thegoal shouldbe to providedepartment members themeansto become, and healthy work environment for personnel. It on the alsocalls NFPA of section This 1500intends to provide asafe and Commentary thatcompliesthis standard.program with to provide for itsmembersandhealth anoccupational safety 4.3.2 involvedactivities. infire department and the fireto any department persons otherwho be could concernThis andhealthapplies to for members safety all of considerations times. atall primary be andshall department injuries, thefire andoccupational are illnesses of goals for members. all prevention The accidents, andreduction of andhealth safety levels possible of thehighest to operate with statement: thefireto provide department It and of isthepolicy A.4.3.1 to communicable disease, illnesses, andfatalities. accidents andoccupational injuries, of elimination exposures objectivesgoals and identifies specific for the prevention and that andhealthpolicy occupational safety departmental 4.3.1 andHealth4.3 Safety Policy ✓ www.healthy-firefighter.org Healthy Firefighter Program: theNVFC’s through program and wellness Heart- Find resources to create health andsustain adepartment Resource Spotlight It shall be the policy of the fire department thefire and to seek department It of thepolicy be shall The fire department shall adopt an official written adopt shall an fireofficial The department The following is an example of a safety policy policy asafety isanexample following The of occupational safety and health policy. > D A ction Itemsction evelop and adoptwritten official an
Training should include programs but limited notbe to the competency. duties, aswellongoing professional development to ensure to individual that members prior are performing trained skills. shouldinclude programs These to information ensure their job titles, aswellongoing existing development of knowledge, skills, andabilitiesto membersare who new in thenecessary shouldensuredepartment theintroduction of progress job duties andresponsibilities, through various the occupational injuries, illnesses, andfatalities. As members professional development isthereduction programs of A.5.1.1 illnesses. preventing occupational of agoal deaths,with injuries, and training, education, andprofessional development program 5.1.1 requirements)(General 5.1 Training, Education, andProfessional Development to engaging inemergencyto operations. engaging knowledge to for evaluation dutiesthemember assigned prior training, proficiency and skill opportunities, of andamethod thatprovideeducation programs new members initial 5.1.3 expected to perform. arecommensurate thatthey theduties and functions with and professional development members for department all 5.1.2 following: inspector, driver/operator, etc.) officer, officer, chief telecommunicator, investigator, 11. Position-specific development (firefighter, company 10. Information systems andcomputer technology 9. Technical rescue 8. Hazardous materials 7. Incident management system dynamics, equal employment opportunity, etc.) 6. Human resources (leadership, interpersonal supervision, 5. Emergency medical 4. Fire suppression 3. Health andsafety 2. education, investigation, etc.) 1. reduction Community (fire risk prevention, public
The fire department shall establish training and training establish shall fire The department provide shall firetraining, The education, department The fire department shall establish andmaintaina shall fireThe department The primary goal of all training, education, all of goal and primary The
current with regardcurrent to with technologies andtechniques. changing articles,magazine or table top exercises. sure Be to remain mediums such aswebinars, online classes, physical classes, continuing education. done canbe This usingmany different toimportant, remain through itisequallyimportant sharp or death.injury While andeducation isvery training initial unfamiliar situations thatcould increase thelikelihood of roles asresponders. Members shouldnotfindthemselves in andeducated to trained executedepartment their assigned advocates section This thefire for having each member of Commentary ✓ www.usfa.fema.gov/nfa/ andwww.nvfc.org/ the National Volunteer Fire Council: theNational through opportunities Fire Academy and Access resources training andresearch training Resource Spotlight illnesses. preventing occupational deaths, injuries, and professional development programagoal of with > Establish and maintain atraining, education, and A ction Itemsction
Service Service Vehicle Training Operations Program, provides the could required be to operate. NFPA 1451, Standard for aFire they apparatus of and educate types members on thevarious this apparatus. first The step inthis process is to properly train have theappropriate knowledge, skills, andabilitiesto operate apparatus, must thisapparatus andthemembers operating of operations. avariety respond Fire with departments with fire associated vehicle andinjuries fighterfatalities of (USFA) indicate trend analarming intheincreased number Association (NFPA) andtheUnited States Fire Administration A.5.2.2 Qualifications. 1002, 5.2.2 Professional Qualifications. therequirementsmeet NFPA of 1001, 5.2.1 5.2 Member Qualifications times when departments may to fundsto additional departments need when times raise Most fundingcomes training from taxrevenue, but there are academies. colleges. Training may offered also be through county or state academies or community training local with partnerships Many inhousethrough offer training departments online atwww.nfpa.org. viewed 1051 canbe minimumThe requirements for NFPA 1001, 1002, 1021, and or death. reduce injury thelikelihood of forcertifications their assigned role(s). greatly Certifications Each member shouldhave theminimum qualifications or Commentary Qualifications. NFPA 1051, 5.2.5 1021, 5.2.4 serve. citizens they approach members andthe to ensure andhealthof thesafety vehicle associated with operations.the risks isasystems This thedepartment’s componentsare necessary of planto reduce vehiclewith operations, emergency especially response. These should address thestandard procedures operating associated required by 5.5. Section Also, andeducation thetraining drivers/operators all an annual proficiencyevaluation as of second step isto ensure performs thatthefire department skills, andabilitiesto therequirements meet 5.2.2. of The for members tocurriculum knowledge, develop thenecessary driver/operatorsAll therequirements meet NFPA shall of All wildland fire themeet of fighters shall requirements wildland All fireAll officers themeet ofNFPA shall requirements All members who engage in structural firefighting shall shall firefighting membersengageinstructural All who Standard for Fire Apparatus Professional Driver/Operator Standard for Fire Professional Officer Qualifications. Statistics presented Statistics by theNational Fire Protection Standard for Wildland Fire Professional Fighter Standard for Fire Fighter
11 NFPA 1500 12 NFPA 1500 flying hazards in the event of an accident. an hazardsevent in the flying of intheoccupant/passenger be that might areas to minimize restraints, safety equipment andrestrain through theuseof operators andoccupants. sure Be that occupants are restrained requirements for the safety to provide level of thehighest minimum shouldmeet apparatus certain fireAll department Commentary apositivewith latching door. item initsstowed or position by placement inacompartment secured by either holdingthe apositive mechanical meansof anambulance, of patient compartment such items be shall fire or the enclosedapparatus areas seating of within carried 6.1.5 theambulance. of compartment inthepatient (EMS)members operating service medical fire apparatus, includingfor emergency those devices restraint 6.1.1.1 apparatus. fireall department acquisition, operation, maintenance, inspection, andrepair of concerns inthespecification,primary design, construction, 6.1.1 6.1 FireApparatus Department aware other fundingopportunities. of Directors (www.naftd.org) or state fire may associations be funds.training Additionally, theNorth FireAmerican Training to Firefighters Grant (www.fema.gov)Program to supplement Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Assistance goals. canapply their training through the meet Departments ✓ Where tools, equipment, protection or respiratory are The fire department shall shall fireandhealthas The consider safety department
The fire department shall specify restraint devices for devices specify shall restraint fireThe department funds whenfunds necessary. > Identify sources funding to supplement training 1002 when applicable. to meettraining therequirement NFP of > R members. > Identify opportunities training for department A ction Itemsction equire members to receive thenecessary A 1001and ✓ Equipment Management andFunding Equipment: equipment management. Topics include Proper Access NVFC webinars focusing on of aseries safety/equipment-resources template: www.nvfc.org/hot-topics/health-and-safety/ the NVFC’s downloadable, customizable management equipment,the replacement of gear, with andapparatus Meet maintenance standards safety timely through and Resource Spotlight 6.2 Drivers/Operators of Fire Department Fire6.2 Drivers/OperatorsApparatus Department of www.nvfc.org equipment. operational apparatus in for personnel and > Ensure restraint devices are available and apparatus inspection and maintenance. > D A ction Itemsction evelop and follow aregular schedule for
community colleges are alsocommon. a local, county, academy. or state training Partnerships with atthestationor work canoffer with training Departments apparatus. eachoperator piece must of understand thelimitationsof situations. dictate response. acertain Each incident will The emergency inboth apparatus andnon-emergencydepartment fire of must includetraining guidelines for operation each type andqualified to trained saidapparatus.operate be Driver Anyone should operatesapparatus fire who department Commentary fire devices,warning apparatus. andthebacking of traversing crossings, emergency grade railroad theuseof for criteria specific vehicle speed, crossing intersections, emergency travel andemergency response include andshall procedures firenon- for during safelyapparatus driving 6.2.7 requirements an of “approved driver program.” training TrainingOperations Program, to used canbe the meet A.6.2.1 aqualified driver. of supervision operate drivers or by aremember trainee will who under the the apparatus of commensurateprogram thetype with have successfully completed anapproved driver training 6.2.1 ✓
The fire department shall develop shall fireThe standard department operating Fire operated only be shall by apparatus members who NFPA 1451, Standard for aFire Service Vehicle for members. > Offer vehicle operations opportunities training travel and emergency duringan response. operating fire apparatus non-emergencyduring > D A ction Itemsction evelop standard operating procedures for Service, Bureau of LandManagement,Service, Bureau of Indian Bureau of Coordinating Group (NWCG) represents theU.S. Forest theNational CommitteeFire LineSafety (FLSC)of Wildfire fires. inorderwildland apparatus tothe outside of fight The education event. Firebe allowed fighters cannot ride on to or returning from any funeral, parade, or public relations/ is any the firetraveling time is apparatus to, in, participating and 6.3.5. Included in the “seated andbelted” requirement on fire other variancesin6.3.4 than apparatus for thespecific apply to persons situations when or all members are riding A.6.3.1 prohibited. boards, or inany specifically be other shall exposed position and 6.3.5. on tailsteps, Standingor riding sidesteps, running any the vehicle time isinmotionother thanasallowed in6.3.4 belted securely by inapproved seatbelts at positions riding 6.3.1 6.3 Riding inFire Apparatus USFA: www.usfa.fema.gov/fireservice/ Access emergency vehicle resources safety through vehicle response. your Check provider. with andemergency drivercourses training dealing with Many insurance providers offer online andin-person www.nvfc.org/hot-topics/health-and-safety/ enhance emergency vehicle safety: examples, techniques motivation to andbehavioral self-assessment,practices guideline standard operating includesprogram anemergency vehicle best safety Administration (USFA). Thisinnovative educational developed by theNVFCandUnited States Fire Access theEmergency Vehicle program Safe Operations Resource Spotlight infirebeseated and personsshall All riding apparatus It isintended 6.3 thattherequirements Section of
13 NFPA 1500 14 NFPA 1500 a collision. or death intheevent of injury canreduceSeatbelts of therisk approved by inall restrained be seatbelts positions. riding inany occupantsAll riding should apparatus fire department Commentary unit andthere isnodanger to routes escape or to personnel. unlessfollow-upbypassed crews are thelead behind operating theextinguishment.of Areas notextinguished shouldnotbe manner, fire conditions of andthe success aclear view with terrain. allows This thefire fighters tooperate inanunhurried thedriver,of thevehicle with driven being inuninvolved thevehicle (notonesame side on of each side), inclear view thevehicle’s andasideahead of path, fire both fighters onthe recommend thattwo fire fighters, withahoseline,each walk routes. escape could cut off FLSCandtheNWCG The strongly Fire canthen flare behind upunderneath the or vehicle and vehicle to passover or by areas notcompletely extinguished. is notaneffective way to extinguish thefire, asitcanallow the vehicle driver’s isimpaired. vision second The issue isthatthis have thisoperation. performing while killed been Also, the is theexposure to personnel inunprotected positions. Persons stronglyrecommendand they allowed. thisnotbe Oneissue fireswildland dangerous, from positionsis these fighting very fireof riding fighters onthe thepractice of outside vehicles and National State Foresters.Association of isthat position Their Affairs, Fishand Wildlife Agency, National Park Service, and ✓ http://everyonegoeshome.com/seatbelts/ http://everyonegoeshome.com/seatbelts/ Pledge: theNationalSign andEMSSeatbelt Fire Service courses/health-and-safety-training vehicle www.nvfc.org/training-education/ safety: (STOP) useand focusing on seatbelt online training Participate intheNVFC’s Tops Safety OurPriorities Resource Spotlight > A A ction Itemsction dopt and enforce adepartment seatbelt policy. in which a vehicle can be used within the period precedingin which avehicle theperiod within used canbe back inservice. 24-hourreference The provides for situations a vehicle isused, checked itshouldbe before placed being extended checked shouldbe periods weekly. Any such time stored for used inunattended notbe stationsthatmight onthese checksadaily basis. performed shouldbe Apparatus checkedbe regularly. Where isinregular apparatus daily use, other equipment verified. shouldbe Fluid levels shouldalso pumpsand started, shouldbe apparatus of andtheoperation and clearance lights,wipers, andmirrors. windshield The include tires, brakes, anddevices, lights warning headlights features. safety all proper should inspection of This operation vehicles are on aregular inspected basisandchecked for the A.6.4.1 and correct unsafe conditions. or for used emergency purposes,service inorder to identify 24 hours after any useor repair, to andprior placed being in 6.4.1 6.4 Inspection, Maintenance, Fire andRepair of Apparatus day) daily. inspected shouldbe weekly basis. Apparatus frequent enduring use(at least once a Apparatus infrequently thatisused on a inspected shouldbe mechanical failure andidentify any mechanical deficiencies. bymaintained personnel qualified to reducerisk of the Ensure are apparatus and fire inspected thatall department Commentary and records in4.6.5. asspecified maintained be shall 6.4.2 thevehicle. of theinspection conjunction with on fire in vehiclesdepartment be inspected should carried correcteduse shouldbe delay. without equipment safety The a scheduled inspection, any although deficiencies noted in ✓ atleast firebeinspected All weekly, shall apparatus within A preventive maintenance established, be shall program The purpose of this paragraph isto ensure thisparagraph thatall of purpose The equipment on fire carried department vehicles. for pieces fire all of apparatusand forthe safety > D A ction Itemsction evelop amaintenance and checklist schedule annually. shouldconfirm the inspection following: The protective all shouldinspect fire department clothing atleast the protective clothing’s continued for use. suitability The conductedshould be on afrequent basisby members to ensure A.7.1.3 ProtectiveFire Fighting Ensembles. Standard on Selection, Care, andMaintenance Structural of inNFPA 6months asspecified cleaned atleastevery 1851, 7.1.3 equipment innon-emergency activities. consultedshould be to determine for theneed protective worker toapplicable industrial regulations pertaining safety expected to perform, including non-emergency activities. The members’ activities. members are applies This to activities all goggles, glasses, safety andany other items appropriate to the protective equipment shouldincludeshoes, safety gloves, A.7.1.1 member isexpected to perform. is likely to exposed andissuitable be for thetasksthat to provide protection from thehazards to which themember protective clothing andprotective equipment thatisdesigned 7.1.1 7.1 Protective Clothing andProtective Equipment (General) strength. exposure, theentire area checked shouldbe tear for lossof could heatexposure by caused be high or ultraviolet 7. Where color afabric change isnoted, acondition that stains. 6. entirefree The shouldbe from garment excessive and dirt 5. fraying. Sleeve shouldshow andpantcuffs of nosigns excessive wear. attached firmly andshowbe garment of to the nosigns 4. pockets,All pads, knee items andother accessory should due to heat reflectivity exposure. 3. abrasion or loss Reflectiveof shouldshow of trim nosigns wear. excessive2. andshow of intact shouldbe Seams nosigns fraying. 1. free be should materials All from tears, embrittlement, and Structural fire-fighting protectiveStructural be clothingshall provide shall with fireThe each memberdepartment The provision and use of protective provision The anduseof clothing and Inspection of protective of Inspection coats and protective trousers
for Structural Fire Fighting andProximity Fire Fighting for Structural Fire Fighting. requirements NFPA of 1971, Standard on Protective Ensembles use aprotective theapplicable ensemble meet thatshall withandshall be shall firefighting provided structural of 7.2.1 7.2 Protective Fire Clothing Fighting for Structural is unable atonce. to replace everything replace tostructure gradually PPE the department over if time Take steps to develop areplacement afunding with program manufacturers may to programs assistdepartments. offer grant through FEMA to address PPE shortages. Additionally, some suchprograms asthe Assistance to Firefighters offeredGrants NFPAof 1971. grant should take advantage Departments of PPE therequirements thatmeet two of members sets with maySome departments nothave the fundsto provide all accessed1971 andcanbe atwww.nfpa.org/1971. of.disposed PPEAll requirements out are inNFPA spelled are preserved and thattheresulting water grey isproperly how PPE cleaned shouldbe to ensure their protective qualities reduce exposure to toxins. There are specific requirements on shouldestablish a PPE cleaning scheduleDepartments to to provide protection from potentially hazardous exposure. membersFire shouldreceive department theproper PPE Commentary protection thansoiled or dampgarments. before lastlonger andprovidedried thenext usewill greater protective clothing thatiscleaned properly andiscompletely exposed or expose thepublic to contaminants. Structural into proper-fittingbe unnecessarily not will and garments fire-fighting protectivestructural clothingcan change easily activities. Fire fighterswithtwo provided complete sets of clothing soiled, became wet, or contaminated daily during available to members all intheevent thattheprotective would havedepartment stock enough protective clothing whenever possible. It isnotreasonable to thatafire expect protective clothingtherequirements thatmeet NFPA1971 of fire-fighting two structural completemember with of sets A.7.2.1 Members engageinor are who exposed to thehazards The fire department should fireThe consider department providing each
15 NFPA 1500 16 NFPA 1500 ✓ assistance-firefighters-grant assistance-firefighters-grant to fundPPE help replacement: www.fema.gov/ Apply for the Assistance to Firefighters program Grant www.nvfc.org View aNVFCwebinar focusing on heatstress andPPE: Resource Spotlight provided NFP in > R not currently possess theappropriate PPE. PPE replacement thedepartment program does if the requirements definedin NFP > Provide members two PPE with that sets of meet A ction Itemsction egularly clean all PPE using clean theguidelinesegularly all A 1971. A 1971. D evelop a Department of Transportation. of Department breathing airfor SCBA, isregulated by theUnited States compressedtesting cylinders, of gas including thosecontaining Institute or Underwriter’s Laboratories. Additionally, the Equipment such organizations astheSafety third party SCBA unitsare tested andcertified by recognized independent www.nfpa.org/1981. provides therequirements for SCBA instandard 1981: protectionrespiratory by usingproper SCBA. NFPA The level of membersthehighest All provided shouldbe with Commentary Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). Chemical, Biological, Radiological, andNuclear (CBRN)Open certified by NIOSHaswithStandard compliantfor aswithNFPA certified be compliant be also 1981andshall 7.11.1.1 7.11.1 SCBA through FEMA when seeking funding.through seeking FEMAwhen suchprograms asthe Assistance to Firefighters offeredGrants NFPA 1981. grant shouldtake advantage Departments of SCBA therequirements thatmeet members with laidout in maySome departments nothave thefundsto provide all ✓ tr-088.pdf tr-088.pdf www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/ Read theUSFA’s on preventing report SCBA failures: Resource Spotlight open-circuitAll SCBA thatispurchased new shall not currently possess theappropriate SCB SCB requirements definedin NFP > Provide members SCB with A ction Itemsction A replacement thedepartment program does if A 1981. D A that meets the evelop a
A.
assistance or grant programs. assistance or grant surebe offer they any to themanufacturer check with to if see offered budget shortfalls. through FEMAto with help Always such programs asthe grant Assistance to Firefighters Grants out inNFPA 1982. shouldtake advantage Departments of PASSmembers with therequirements thatmeet devices laid maySome departments nothave thefundsto provide all www.nfpa.org/1982. to ensureinstructions proper function. Read NFPA 1982at: and alsomust tested be inaccordance themanufacturer’s with must therequirements meet devices laidout inNFPA 1982 Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH). PASS PASS inanatmosphere operating when considered device incapacitated firefighter.All members shouldusean approved PASS useof The enhances to devices theability locate alostor Commentary the manufacturers’ instructions. toprior inaccordance maintained eachbe useandshall with 7.15.3 the PASSensure of activation whenever PASS are devices used. area. Training procedures andoperational are imperative to tofailed activate thePASS to unitprior entering ahazardous areas. Investigation results show thatfirefighters most often operate PASS fire when devices fightersoperate inhazardous investigation to need wear document reports and thecritical incapacitated assistance. or needs Past firefighter fatality fellowwarn fire fighters inthe event a firefighter becomes isto to thisdevice asanaudible serve device intent of hazardous isimperative duty for their safety. primary The firefighters involved in rescue, fire suppression, orother A.7.15.2 commander officer. or incident safety any or asdirected collapse type, of by theincidentstructural IDLH,be inincidents thatcould result inentrapment, in jeopardize thatperson’s due to safety atmospheres thatcould his or her PASS emergency inall situations thatcould devices 7.15.2 fighters. adequate communications to fire properly ensure of thesafety management system, apersonnel accountability system, and PASSuse of asolidincident coupled shouldbe devices with are encourageddepartments to utilize thistechnology. The mode,an operational thePASS isactivated. device Fire SCBA. with devices When theSCBA unitisactivated to A.7.15.1 Standard on Personal Systems Safety Alert (PASS). 7.15.1 7.15 Personal System Safety Alert (PASS)
Each PASS tested be shall device atleastweekly and Each provided be member shall with, use, andactivate PASS therequirements meet NFPA shall devices of 1982, Technology PASS hasprovidedof theintegration The mandatory use and operation of aPASS of useandoperation mandatory The by prevents accidents andinjuries. conducted be shall inamanner thatrecognizes hazards and similar hazards, including but notlimited exercises, to training 8.1.1 8.1 Incident Management incident management system. Visit www.nfpa.org/1561 to identify the requirements an of resources, of allocation andpromote member safety. Management System (NIMS)are accountable, have theproper the following firethat all departments National Incident a potentially chaotic situation. An to IMSalsohelps ensure incidents to reduce confusion andprovide to organization An incident management system atall used (IMS)shouldbe Commentary purposes. familiarization and to simulated incidents thatare conducted and for training similar to thoseencountered emergency atactual incidents drills, exercises, andother situations thatinvolve hazards 8.1.4 emergency incidents. 8.1.3 involved inemergency operations. standard procedures operating to members applying all Incident Management System, written establishedwith be shall requirements NFPA of 1561, Standard on Emergency Services 8.1.2 ✓ Emergency andother situations thatpose operations incident The management system utilized be atall shall An incident management system the thatmeets The incidentThe management system applied to be shall use accordinguse to themanufacturer’s instructions. > T resources. themanufacturerCheck with for training > T does not currently possess theappropriate devices. a P the requirements definedin NFP > Provide members P with A ction Itemsction A est each P rain membersrain on how to activate P SS replacement thedepartment program if A weeklySS device and prior to each A SS devices that meet A 1982. D A SS devices. evelop
17 NFPA 1500 18 NFPA 1500 principles: thefollowing basis of 8.3.2 management provides abasisfor thefollowing: isaffected by safety fireoperations.whose department Risk atanincident andforoperating any other persons andall members fire all department of responsibility for thesafety A.8.3.1 incidentmanagement command. into theregular of functions 8.3.1 8.3 Risk Management Emergency Operations During potential to save endangered lives. limited membersbe to shall situations where thereof isa 1. Activities risk thatpresentto thesafety asignificant 5. command Operational andcontrol 4. andrevision Planevaluation 3. Tactical planning 2. decision making Strategic 1. thesituation Standard of evaluation ✓ www.usfa.fema.gov/nfa/nfaonline/ theNationalthough Fire Academy: Access incident web-based management system training Resource Spotlight The concept of risk management utilized be on shall the risk conceptThe of incidentThe commander risk integrate shall The incident The commander hastheultimate exercises, and other simulated situations. incident management system duringdrills, > T that meets therequirements laid out NFP in that establishes incident an management system > D A ction Itemsction rain departmentrain personnel on thedepartment’s evelop awritten standard operating procedure
A 1561. factors:following levelssituation. involves risk management The of the of all employed be thatwill ineach in determining thestrategy factor consideredimportant by theincident commander A.8.3.2 response situation by determining anacceptable risk. level of anemergencymembers during by developing a strategy must available useall resources all to ensure of thesafety that the incident itself is inherently risky, the incidentpotential atanemergency for harm incident. Understandingcommander management toshould incorporate practices risk minimize the the order resources. andrelease of incident The commander scene, and andtactics including strategies thedevelopment of incidentThe commander ata isresponsible for activities all Commentary the appropriate strategy. avoidable risk, anddefensive fire suppression are operations is nojustification to members fireexpose to department any value. When there to isnoability save lives or property, there evaluated inproportion to theability save of property to save lives, to membersbe fire therisk should department potential to save lives or property. Where there isnopotential A.8.3.3 ineach situation.their actions andpotential respectto results thepurpose members with of 8.3.3 5. Full protective clothing ensemble andequipment 4. Effective training 3. Standard procedures operating 2. Well-defined options strategic 1. situations inall risk Routine of evaluation excessive, limited be to shall defensive activities operations. 4. In situationsto where members is fire therisk department there to save isnopossibility lives or property. 3. acceptable membersbe shall No when of to thesafety risk risks. members, taken be shall andactions to reduce or avoid these recognized be shall asinherent of to thesafety risks 2. Activities thatare routinely employed to protect property 12. Experienceincidents on based andcritiques previous 11. conditions changing Regular of evaluation 10. Rest andrehabilitation 9. Adequate resources 8. Backupcrews intervention for rapid 7. procedures Safety officers andsafety 6. Effective incident management andcommunications The incidentThe commander to evaluate shall the risk The acceptable level of risk isdirectly related acceptable risk The to level the of The risk to members fire risk isthemost The department
lives or property. compromised saving inany there of way isnopossibility if or avoid members shouldnotbe theserisks. of safety The safety, taken andactions atthe scene shouldattempt to reduce recognized shouldbe property asinherent to members’ risks endangered lives. routinely to used activities Those protect limitedbe to incidents where there isthepotential to save risk that presentto emergency significant responders should thesituation anddetermine how toof proceed. Situations commander must then make acontinuous assessment risk the incident requires anoffensive response, theincident incidentThe commander shouldevaluate thescene. If ✓ commander-checklist-a-quick-reference-guide.html articles/print/volume-162/issue-8/features/incident- Commander Checklist: www.fireengineering.com/ from providesanIncident FireAn article Engineering www.usfa.fema.gov/nfa/nfaonline/ theNationalthough Fire Academy: Access incident web-based management system training Resource Spotlight functions of incidentfunctions of command. > Integrate management risk into theregular commander. > Offer opportunities training for theincident A ction Itemsction
should be familiar with the department andknowledgeable thedepartment familiarwith should be evaluations.medical standard The dictates thatthephysician the requirement for physician afire department to conduct andestablishes to duties asassigned capable enough perform for members calls all to section physicallyThis be fitand Commentary Medical Program for Fire Departments. in NFPA 1582, Standard on Comprehensive Occupational suppression requirements themedical meet shall specified 10.1.3 responsibilities. theindividual’s associated with and thefunctions duties and 10.1.2 byfor duty physician. thefire department 10.1.1 10.1 Medical Requirements better thanavoiding theprocess altogether. Accessing separate from is thedepartment services medical members. department thehealthof essential inevaluating toIt remember isimportant thatconducting physicals is members to receive annual physicals from personal physicians. first responders atlow or no cost. Another is option to require unattainable. Medical professionals to may assist willing be physician having adepartment is if implement apartnership members. Reach out to to hospitalor practice alocal medical to takeimportant steps to department ensure thehealthof requirements due to fundingissues. Nevertheless, itis may ableSome departments to notbe these fulfill more indepth. physicals care conducted physicians by primary andare often to. are evaluations medical These different thantheannual thejob andconditions members areof regularly exposed ✓ Candidates and members who will engageinfire Candidates andmemberswill who Medical take shall evaluations into account therisks Candidates evaluated medically andqualified be shall necessary. the absence afire of department physicianwhen health provider to conduct evaluations medical in > Identify, and develop apartnership with, a possible). conducted by afire department physician (if > Have each member receive evaluation amedical A ction Itemsction
19 NFPA 1500 20 NFPA 1500 challenging members tochallenging do thesame. bychanges and adopting lifestyle thedepartment the rest of to work toward thisgoal. Leadership anexample canset for and/or adoptprogram healthy habits eating andmealplans health andphysical fitness. can develop afitness Departments result intotal CPAT compliance. ultimate The is improved goal do not thoseefforts healthandwellness; evenculture if of implement. to It take isimportant steps toward adopting a requirements may difficult be forto some departments CandidateThe Physical Ability Test (CPAT) performance andevenpotential death. for injury able to do so. Physical performance requirements reduce the make sure thatanyone isphysically intheseactivities engaging emergency response activities. fire The must department candidates and members are physically able to engagein Physical performance requirements to help ensure that Commentary fighter. toprior to enteringprogram into become atraining afire performance requirements establishedby thefire department 10.2.2 IAFC Candidate Physical Ability Test (CPAT) Manual. physical performance requirements referenced intheIAFF/ recruiting, mentoring, process andtraining found inthe A.10.2.1 emergency operations. requirements for candidates andmembersengagein who 10.2.1 10.2 Physical Performance Requirements ✓ www.healthy-firefighter.org/firefighters/fuff Makewith the funfitness Fired Up for Fitness Challenge: Resource Spotlight
Candidates the physical qualified asmeeting be shall develop shall fireThe physical department performance Fire departments should consider use of the shouldconsider Fire departments useof operations. candidates and members who engage emergency in > D A ction Itemsction evelop physical performance requirements for fitness program will provide members with the opportunity to providewill with the opportunity members program fitness aware each member’s of limitations. healthand A department their perform andsafelyduties. fitness be must Departments members helps maintain physicalprogram A healthandfitness Commentary occupational andillnesses. injuries of probability andseverity andthatare intended andactivities functions to reduce the physicianfire department that theindividual’sreflect assigned standards on based fitness be shall determined program by the 10.3.2 functions. thatallows fitness them their assigned perform to safely of Fighters, to enable members to develop andmaintainalevel 1583, Standard on Health-Related Programs Fitness for Fire the thatmeets NFPA program requirementsand fitness of 10.3.1 10.3 Health andFitness of injury due to a lack of physical due to alack of activity. injury of stay physical inpeak condition andalsoreduce thelikelihood ✓ courses/health-and-safety-training courses/health-and-safety-training www.nvfc.org/training-education/ program: training Participate intheNVFC’s Health and Wellness Advocate Resource Spotlight The fire department shall establish and shall provide fire The ahealth department
The maintenance of fitness levels specified inthe levels fitness specified maintenance The of assigned duties.assigned fitness levels foreach memberbased theiron > Work aphysician with to determine appropriate that meets therequirements laid out NFP in > D A ction Itemsction evelop adepartment health and fitness program A 1583. Checklist: NFPA 1500* Supporting Those Who Serve
Content Compliance Plan to Achieve Compliance Expected notes, Modifications, Challenges Y = Yes / N = No Y = Yes / N = No Compliance Date
Risk Management 4.2.2 Develop a risk management plan for the following: Administration Facilities Training Vehicle operations, both emergency and non-emergency Protective clothing and equipment Operations at emergency incidents (see Annex C) Operations at non-emergency incidents Other related activities 4.2.3 Risk management plan shall include (see Annex D) Risk identification — actual and potential hazards Risk evaluation — likelihood of occurrence of a given hazard and severity of its consequences Establishment of priorities for action — the degree of a hazard based upon the frequency and risk of occurrence Risk control techniques — solutions for elimination or mitigation of potential hazards; implementation of best solution Risk management monitoring — evaluation of effectiveness of risk control techniques *This checklist coincides with the sections highlighted in this guide. Visit www.nfpa.org to view the standard in its entirety. 21 Checklist: NFPA 1500 22 Checklist: NFPA 1500
Supporting Those Who Serve
Content Compliance Plan to Achieve Compliance Expected notes, Modifications, Challenges Y = Yes / N = No Y = Yes / N = No Compliance Date
Safety and Health Policy 4.3.1 Adopt a written departmental occupational safety and health policy for the prevention and elimination of accidents and occupational injuries, exposures to communicable disease, illnesses, and fatalities. 4.3.2 Provide members an occupational safety and health program that complies with this standard. Training, Education, Professional Development 5.1.1 Establish and maintain a training, education, and professional development program with a goal of occupational deaths, injuries, and illnesses. 5.1.2 Provide training, education, and professional development for all department members commensurate with and functions that they are expected to perform. 5.1.3 Establish training and education programs that provide new members initial training, proficiency opportunities, and a method of skill and knowledge evaluation for duties assigned to the member prior to engaging in emergency operations. 5.2.1 Members engaged in structural fire fighting meet NFPA 1001, Standard for Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications. 5.2.2 Driver/operators meet NFPA 1002, Standard for Fire Apparatus Driver/Operator Professional Qualifications. Supporting Those Who Serve
Content Compliance Plan to Achieve Compliance Expected notes, Modifications, Challenges Y = Yes / N = No Y = Yes / N = No Compliance Date
5.2.4 Fire officers meet NFPA 1021, Standard for Fire Officer Professional Qualifications. 5.2.5 Wildland fire fighters meet NFPA 1051, Standard for Wildland Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications. Fire Department Apparatus 6.1.1 Safety and health as primary concerns in the specification, design, construction, acquisition, operation, maintenance, inspection, and repair of all fire department apparatus. 6.1.1.1 Restraint devices for fire apparatus, including those restraint devices for emergency medical service (EMS) members operating in the patient compartment of the ambulance. 6.1.5* Tools, equipment, or respiratory protection within enclosed seating areas of fire apparatus or the patient compartment of an ambulance, secured by either a positive mechanical means of holding the item in its stowed position or by placement in a compartment with a positive latching door. 6.2.1 Fire apparatus operated only by members who have successfully completed an approved driver training program commensurate with the type of apparatus the member will operate.
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Supporting Those Who Serve
Content Compliance Plan to Achieve Compliance Expected notes, Modifications, Challenges Y = Yes / N = No Y = Yes / N = No Compliance Date
6.2.7SOPs for safely driving fire apparatus during non-emergency travel and emergency response to include Vehicle speed Crossing intersections Traversing railroad grade crossings Use of emergency warning devices Backing of fire apparatus. 6.3.1 All persons riding in fire apparatus shall be seated and belted securely by seat belts in approved riding positions at any time the vehicle is in motion Standing or riding on tail steps, sidesteps, running boards, or in any other exposed position prohibited. 6.4.1 All fire apparatus inspected, maintained, and tested in accordance with NFPA 1911, Standard for the Inspection, Maintenance, Testing, and Retirement of In-Service Automotive Fire Apparatus. 6.4.2 Fire pumps service tested in accordance with NFPA 1911, Standard for the Inspection, Maintenance, Testing, and Retirement of In-Service Automotive Fire Apparatus. Protective Clothing and Protective Equipment 7.1.1 Each member provided protective ensembles, ensemble elements, and protective equipment designed to provide protection from hazards to which the member is likely to be exposed and that is suitable for the tasks the member is expected to perform. Supporting Those Who Serve
Content Compliance Plan to Achieve Compliance Expected notes, Modifications, Challenges Y = Yes / N = No Y = Yes / N = No Compliance Date
7.1.3 Structural fire-fighting and proximity fire-fighting protective ensembles and elements cleaned per NFPA 1851, Standard on Selection, Care, and Maintenance of Structural Fire Fighting Protective Ensembles. 7.2.1 Members who engage in or are exposed to the hazards of structural fire fighting shall be provided with and use a protective ensemble that meets NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting. 7.11.1.1 All new Open-circuit SCBA shall be certified as compliant with NFPA 1981 and NIOSH Standard for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Open Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). 7.15.1 PASS devices shall meet the requirements of NFPA 1982, Standard on Personal Alert Safety Systems (PASS). 7.15.3 Each member shall be provided with, use, and activate his or her PASS devices in all emergency situations that could jeopardize that person’s safety due to atmospheres that could be IDLH, in incidents that could result in entrapment, in structural collapse of any type, or as directed by the incident commander or incident safety officer.
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Supporting Those Who Serve
Content Compliance Plan to Achieve Compliance Expected notes, Modifications, Challenges Y = Yes / N = No Y = Yes / N = No Compliance Date
Incident Management. 8.1.1 Emergency operations and other situations that pose similar hazards, including but not limited to training exercises, shall be conducted in a manner that recognizes hazards and prevents accidents and injuries. 8.1.2 Written SOP established for all members to use incident management system that meets the requirements of NFPA 1561, Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System during emergency incidents. 8.1.3 The incident management system is utilized at all emergency incidents. 8.1.4 The incident management system shall be applied to drills, exercises, and other situations that involve hazards. 8.3.1 The incident commander shall integrate risk management into the regular functions of incident command. 8.3.2 Risk management shall be utilized on the basis of the following principles: • (1) Activities that present a significant risk to the safety of members shall be limited to situations where there is a potential to save endangered lives. •(2) Activities that are routinely employed to protect property shall be recognized as inherent risks to the safety of members, and actions shall be taken to reduce or avoid these risks. Supporting Those Who Serve
Content Compliance Plan to Achieve Compliance Expected notes, Modifications, Challenges Y = Yes / N = No Y = Yes / N = No Compliance Date
• (3) No risk to the safety of members shall be acceptable when there is no possibility to save lives or property. • (4) In situations where the risk to fire department members is excessive, activities shall be limited to defensive operations. 8.3.3 The incident commander shall evaluate the risk to members with respect to the purpose and potential results of their actions in each situation. Medical 10.1.1 Candidates shall be medically evaluated and qualified for duty by the fire department physician. 10.1.2 Medical evaluations take into account the risks and the functions associated with the individual’s duties and responsibilities. 10.1.3 Candidates and members who will engage in fire suppression meet the medical requirements specified in NFPA 1582, Standard on Comprehensive Occupational Medical Program for Fire Departments. 10.2.1 Develop physical performance requirements for candidates and members who engage in emergency 10.2.2 Candidates are qualified as meeting the physical performance requirements established by the fire department prior to entering into a training program to become a fire fighter.
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Content Compliance Plan to Achieve Compliance Expected notes, Modifications, Challenges Y = Yes / N = No Y = Yes / N = No Compliance Date
10.3.1 Establish and provide a health and fitness program per NFPA 1583, Standard on Health-Related Fitness Programs for Fire Department Members, to enable members to develop and maintain a level of fitness that allows them to safely perform their assigned functions. 10.3.2 Maintenance of fitness levels shall be based on fitness standards determined by the fire department physician that reflect the individual’s assigned functions and activities and that are intended to reduce the probability and severity of occupational injuries and illnesses. risks. department’s capabilitiesto respond to andmanage those andthefire potential risks pictureand thecitizens of atrue standard. Most importantly, itprovided the body politic a template for developing animplementation plan on the workThe done by theCommittee provided theuser with added. was operations firefighting to operations. all Additionally, on sustained anew section resources atthescene inremote areas wasmade applicable having necessary to 2minutes initiate anattack within of requirement have thatthefire department thecapability anddefinitions inthe used document.the terminology The NFPA of 2010edition The 1720standardizes and refines properly. were calls handled being service assist users indetermining if Communications Systems Emergency Services 1221, Annex material thatincluded figures extracted from NFPA onadded “reporting requirements” and attack.”“initial titled “Risk Management Model.” New were sections also managementcommunity wasadded, risk aswasanannex NFPA thefirstedition of revised 1720. on Anew section process for a2004edition. Committee The and reviewed Council asked theTechnical Committee therevision to begin thefirstedition,Following theissuance of theNFPA Standards identified by the firefor theservices department. basis for developing response andresource times capabilities studies inNorth wereAmerica by used theCommittee asa for volunteer fire departments. Research and work empirical service, deployment capabilities,levels of and staffinglevels the standard wasthefirst organized approach to defining Volunteer Fire Departments Medical to thePublic Operations Operations, andSpecial by Fire of Suppressionand Deployment Operations, Emergency NFPA firstedition The of 1720Standard for the Standard for theInstallation, Maintenance, andUse of wasissued in2001. When issued, NFP 2010 Edition the Public by Volunteer Fire D Operations, and Special Operations to Operations, Emergency Medical and D A 1720Standard on Organization eployment Fire of Suppression , to wasadded Organization Organization shall not be considered the official position of NFPA of position theofficial notconsidered shall be orany its of Committee theRegulationsGoverning 6of Projects Section with ororal, thatisnot processed inaccordancestatement, written sections. A onthose theStandard of andcommentary sections NOTE: extracted represents andchecklist text The following volunteer andcombination public fire suppression operations, addressingcriteria theeffectiveness the andefficiency of 1.2.1 1.2 Purpose. membership. itsdepartment or greater of volunteer personnel comprising 85percent emergency service Volunteer Fire Department: having A fire department either volunteer of or careermajority membership. personnel comprising lessthan85percentemergency service Combination Fire Department: having A fire department are:fire departments departments. definitions The for combination and volunteer NFPA 1720applies to combination andvolunteer fire Commentary fire departments. to operations thepublicspecial by volunteer andcombination suppression operations, emergency operations, medical and firerelating to anddeployment theorganization of 1.1 NFP www.nfpa.org/1720. To initsentirety, thecurrentedition view visit as, aFormal Interpretation. Committees to notconsidered andshall be, be relied norbe upon Scope. The purpose of thisstandard isto theminimum specify of purpose The 1720 Highlights A 1720Highlights This standardThis contains minimum requirements epartments
29 NFPA 1720 30 NFPA 1720 equipment necessary to adequately carry out itsmission. toequipment adequately necessary carry personnel hasthe and thatthefireIt department isimportant Commentary fireground operations. thecomponents upto thatadd of effective andall training; of andtactics;thelevel strategy water theapplication of supply; to needed the time respond andplace equipment in action; the apparatus, equipment,the amountof andpersonnel available; firefighting power be can putintoaction ata fire. It includes A.4.1 suppression resources efficiently, effectively, andsafely. personnel, equipment, andother resources to deploy fire department’s fire suppression includes capability sufficient organized be to shall operations ensure thatthefire 4.1 Fire Suppression Organization. desired. standardsapply stricter if to thecommunity.services community The canchoose to NFPA 1720 contains minimum requirements for providing Commentary thejurisdiction.protecting thecitizens of emergency delivery in service, operations medical andspecial ✓ retention-and-recruitment retention efforts:http://www.nvfc.org/hot-topics/ Address and through staffingneeds recruitment Resource Spotlight Suppression how isanexpression capability much of safely. suppression resources efficiently, effectively,and equipment, and other resources to deploy fire and ensure there are sufficientpersonnel, provided> Identify theservices by thedepartment A ction Itemsction Fire suppression should specify thechannels throughshould specify which orders are to be sessions. or training proceduresmeetings departmental The by company periodically reviewed be officers during company orders anddirectivesof thatrelate to their unit. Orders should arethey current. membersAll shouldhave access to thesystem changes atleastannually reviewed to andshouldbe ensure that Such procedures shouldcover matters to notsubject frequent acknowledge regulations existingandprocedures. andrevised establishedthatrequiresshould be each member to read and whenever major changes or are additions made. A system circulated to members, all provided shouldbe andtraining operations. procedures These publishedand shouldbe andeffectiveness and actions uniformity indepartment ensuring and orders developedof shouldbe for thepurpose A.4.1.1 orders.departmental regulations, standard procedures operating (SOPs), and deployment procedures administrative by issuing written the fire department’s organizational, operational, and 4.1.1 www.nfpa.org/1500. 1201 and1500for guidance: www.nfpa.org/1201 and protective clothing are by easily handled aSOP/SOG. NFPA ee other itemswhile such on apolicy personal assetting command may to need establishedby be atown ordinance, task or topic discussed. being andchain organization The of complexity andapproval depend levelTheir on the of will administrative regulations, SOP’s/SOG’s, orders, or ordinances. resources,for deployment of etc. by set canbe policies These recognizing itsroutine andemergency operations, planning organization, theorganization’s identifying command, chain of must adopt officialpoliciesestablishing the department The Commentary and other communications from unitsto headquarters. command followed, alsoshouldbe inreverse order, for reports command acknowledged. andshouldbe chain of chain The of transmitted. ordersAll shouldpassthrough theestablished ✓ The authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) shall promulgate (AHJ)shall having jurisdiction authority The Departmental regulationsprocedures andoperating Departmental meetings sessions. and/or training > R orders should transmitted be and processed. > Establish command a chain of and determine how institute achange. to when necessary providetraining clarification or and circulate these policies members to all and host procedures, and orders for thedepartment. Publish > D A ction Itemsction eview orderseview duringcompany periodically evelop departmental regulations, operating
in their jurisdictions. In addition, itcovers federal, state, users inpreparing for, responding to, disasters andmitigating is adocument that provides to information additional assist theserestrictions. (See framework of Annex operations. the shouldoccur within planningandactivity All could establish theoverall controlling indisaster authority large-scale emergencies. of restrictions or legal Legislation coordinatedbe government levels atall of inanticipation to thecommunity. incidents within Disaster planningshould hazardous materials incidents andother emergency responses identify clearly the AHJ for command responsibility during assistance plans. anddisposal planningprocess The should intervention strategies, expertise, sources andspecialized of at leastannually. CEMPshouldinclude The plans, evacuation emergencythe local planningcommittee (LEPC)andexercised emergency management developed plan(CEMP)shouldbe by requirements.to legal meet resulting The comprehensive and private sector planningprocesses thatare implemented planningprocessThe coordinated shouldbe community with and technical thecommunity. rescue) to within other risks tool forviable planningresponse (e.g., fire suppression, EMS, process to used planresponse to theseemergencies isalsoa hazardous materials. of disposal 29CFR1910.120.)The (See community resulting from thestorage, use, and transportation, responsibilities to to identify andminimize the risks materials emergencies. In some cases, thisincludes regulatory hazardous responsibility for themanagement of primary A.4.2 management plan. risk emergency services medical inaprocessparticipate thatdevelops acommunity fire and 4.2 Community Risk Management. standards-and-codes andwww.volunteerfd.org/ at www.nvfc.org/hot-topics/health-and-safety/ Access andSOPs sampleSOG anddevelopment tips Resource Spotlight In many communities, isassigned thefire department The fire department shall shall fireThe department B .) NFPA 1600
prevention activities of thecommunity anddepartment. prevention of activities assessment to helps A risk focusthefire prevention/loss measures andresources are to needed mitigate theserisks. department’s jurisdiction, andto determineprotection what risks, hazards, the populations located within andvulnerable tothe community identify potential andthedepartment management acommunity planisaway risk Drafting for Commentary management process. provides andtools information additional to assist intherisk a comprehensive planningprocess. NFPA See 1250, which disasterand local agencies’ roles andresponsibilities within to be performed forto aresidential performed be fire. 5.2.4.2.2 (below) provide for baseline agood the tasksneeded on Residential Fireground andNFPA Experiments Field 1710 Standards andTechnology Technical (NIST) Note 1661Report each taskfor likely all emergencies. National The Institute of to personnel needed perform then identify thenumber of provide they and shouldlisttheservices department The Commentary are available to operate safely andeffectively. requirements to ensure members thatasufficient number of 4.3.1 4.3. StaffingandDeployment ✓ www.usfa.fema.gov/pdf/efop/efo35555.pdf developing assessmentProgram worksheet: arisk the National Fire Academy’s Executive Fire Officer’s The USFA publishedanapplied research project from www.publicsafetyexcellence.org/ advanced cover: course on community of risk/standard The Center for Public Excellence Safety offers an Resource Spotlight The fire department shall identify minimum shall fire staffing The department > Identify potential risks. risks. > Identify resources thenecessary to mitigate the > Identify protection thenecessary measures. complete assessment. arisk Work community with officialsand planners to A ction Itemsction
31 NFPA 1720 32 NFPA 1720 Staffing and Response Times noexposuresbasement provide andwith shall for thefollowing: 2000 ft totypical fire assignment astructure alarm ina full initial The c b a risks Special Remote area Rural area Suburban area Urban area Demand Zone properly individuals andtrained equipped two aminimum8. of anIRICconsisting of Establishment of times atall device theaerial of control operator andmaintainprimary asanaerial function inoperations, isused 7. device anaerial one person to If ventilation two individuals,of to ground ladders raise andperform 6. Provision atleastone team, of aminimum consisting of individuals two each suchteam aminimum team with of consisting of 5. search Provision andrescue atleastone victim of hoselines, control,laying of utility andforcible entry line deployed to provide hydrant andto hookup assistin 4. person for Provision one each support attack andbackup of toindividuals effectively andsafely maintaintheline two eachoperated by handline aminimumwith of gpm (380 L/min) 100 which hasaminimum flowrate of (1140L/min)from 300gpm two handlines, rate of each of 3. aneffective water Establishment of flow application supply by line(s)maintained anoperator (1520L/min)for 30minutes 400gpm with minimum of 2. a water anuninterrupted supply of Establishment of dedicated to thistask one individual aminimum of with assignment alarm full area for theoverall coordination theinitial anddirection of 1. incident thehazard command Establishmentoutside of of Response time begins upon completion of thedispatch of completion upon begins Response time Minimum staffing includes members responding from the AHJs department and automatic aid. and automatic fromresponding Minimum the members staffingincludes AHJsdepartment A jurisdiction canhave more zone. thanonedemand A jurisdiction ✓ 2 (186m emergencies. ensure safety and effectiveness when responding to > Identify minimum staffing requirements to A 2 ), dwelling without single-family two-story ction Itemsction aaa
by Determined AHJ Travel distance <500 people/mi 500–1000 people/mi >1000 people/mi Demographics ≥ 2
8m 2
2
4 onbased risk by Determined AHJ Minimum Staff 10 15 6
UK standards fire of cover and must be met 80 percent the of operator), arequirement thatisderived from thecountry- (two in/two out plus the incident commander and pump areas have a lower population density and require six people requirementThis thetime. must80percent met be of Rural Effectiveness Model, referenced areport inNFPA 1710, aswell. and Delivery Systems within a Comprehensive Fire Safety Marshal’s Office, Shapingthe FireFuture Ground of Staffing the requirements provided in the report by the Ontario Fire and fractal measurements. The suburban area is based on the U.S. Census Bureau; staffingand deployment requirements; A. 4.3.2Table 4.3.2 Table 4.3.2Staffingand Response Times asrequired purposes reporting in4.2.2. and thepercentage accomplishment thoseobjectives for of story, basement andexposures home without single-family on alow-hazard occupancy such asa2000ft and response firefighting, objectives time based for structural 4.3.2 Table 4.3.2 members within 9minutesmembers within for theincidents. 90percent of area,for anurban would to they need assemble atleast15 areas.urban To theobjective meet defined inthisstandard andcalculate apercentageinterval on based thetotal in calls atleast15membershad on that9-minute scene within time notification. They would then determine how many times they on scene 9minutes thedispatch after thecompletion of the firewould department record members the number of in thetable for each incident. For example, area, inanurban theresponsemembers on given thescene time attheend of 4.3.2 responseFor objectives time on based of evaluation 1.7 ×distance +0.65=travel time the ISOtravel formula. travel This formula isasfollows: time. Travel distances computed andcanbe are varied utilizing requirement and the assembly four of persons 90 percent the of time. remote The areas reference theOSHA “two in/two out” , needs thefireto recorddepartment the number of b
Directly dependent Determined by Determined AHJ on travel distance 10 9 14 Response Time shall be used by used be shall the AHJ to determine staffing outlines demographic areas, as defined by c
90% 90% 80% 90% 80% Meets Objective 2 (186m
Table 2 ), two- www.nvfc.org. NVFC offers recruitmentand retention andresources tips at by aggressive being recruitmentandretention with efforts. The drills. training Staffing addressedbe challenges should during andwork thetime 90 percent to become more of efficient scene. two minutes attack theinitial within to agoal Set begin attackthe initial two minutes on theemergency after arriving staffing challenges may with be able not begin to Departments emergencies.Response dealing when with iscritical time Commentary time. commence 2minutes attack aninitial within the 90percent of scene, have shall thefire department thecapability tosafely 4.3.3 response capabilities. steps to identify ways to address them andimprove their inTable shown times 4.3.2, shouldtake then thedepartment to theminimum responseshortfalls personnel andresponse evaluate their current response capabilities. there are If determine where each demand zone islocated, andthen department’s response area. must first department The situation) may the arisk exist within the management of Numerous demand zones (anarea to used define or limit Commentary square per atleast1000people area mile. with 3.3.4.4 mile. square per betweenand1000people 500people an area with 3.3.4.3 fewerarea square per than500people with mile. 3.3.4.2 emergency services. atleast8milesfromdistance afire of station to provide 3.3.4.1 situation. arisk management of 3.3.11 ✓ Upon resources assembling thenecessary attheemergency Demand Zones Urban Area Suburban Area Remote Area Rural Area necessary. regard to personnel numbers and response if times > D capability for each demand zone. > Evaluate thedepartment’s current response department’s jurisdiction. > Identify thelocation demand of zones the in A ction Itemsction evelop aplan to address any with shortfalls : : As defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, an As defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, an : area thatrequiresA geographic atravel : : An area to used define or limitthe As defined by the U.S. Census Bureau,
annual basis. deployment delivery, andresponse objectives time on an 4.4.2.1 4.4.2. Annual Evaluation information. personnel andequipment.of NFPA See 1561for additional is responsibility to ensurebest useismade thatthe fire chief’s officers to aspecificbe assigned should company unit. The aschief unitsor thoseserving or support to staff assigned fire company units be to provided.personnel All except those A.4.3.4 have required andequipment. apparatus organizedbe into company unitsor response teams andshall 4.3.4 determine how aresponse modified. should be occurthey to objectives or ensure met to be canstill service out,bridge new development, etc. examined shouldbe when a frequent basis. Issues thatcould response affect such asa delivery objectives are their service proactive on reviewed if objectives outlined in4.4.2.1. more canbe A department to compare authority jurisdiction theservice results with Compiling andthe allows report aquarterly thedepartment Commentary onbased theannual required evaluations by 4.4.2. report,the awritten quadrennially,AHJ with be which shall 4.4.3 Quadrennial Report. ✓ ✓ Personnel responding to fires andother emergencies shall The fire department shall evaluate its level of service,evaluate shall itslevel fire The of department The AHJ should determine the number and type of of The AHJ shoulddetermine thenumber andtype objectives to measure progress. the department’s previously determined service > Set-up annual an evaluation schedule to review A annual evaluations. Comparewith thefindings aquarterlyjurisdiction with report basedon > Provide thedepartment’s authority having A delivery, and response objectives. time the department’s level service, of deployment ction Itemsction ction Itemsction The fire department shall provide shall fireThe department
33 NFPA 1720 34 Checklist: NFPA 1720 Checklist: NFPA 1720* Supporting Those Who Serve
Content Compliance Plan to Achieve Compliance Expected notes, Modifications, Challenges Y = Yes / N = No Y = Yes / N = No Compliance Date
Organization, Operation, and Deployment 4.1 Fire suppression operations shall be organized to ensure that the fire department’s fire suppression capability includes sufficient personnel, equipment, and other resources to deploy fire suppression resources efficiently, effectively, and safely. 4.1.1 AHJ promulgate the fire department’s organizational, operational, and deployment procedures by issuing written administrative regulations, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and departmental orders. 4.2 Fire department participates in a process that develops a community fire and emergency medical services risk management plan. Staffing and Deployment 4.3.1 Fire department identifies minimum staffing requirements to ensure that a sufficient number of members are available to operate safely and effectively. 4.3.2 Staffing and response time objectives for structural fire fighting, based on a low-hazard occupancy such as a 2000 ft2 (186 m2), two-story, single-family home without basement and exposures and the percentage accomplishment of those objectives for reporting purposes as required in Table 4.3.2 and 4.4.2. *This checklist coincides with the sections highlighted in this guide. Visit www.nfpa.org to view the standard in its entirety. Supporting Those Who Serve
Content Compliance Plan to Achieve Compliance Expected notes, Modifications, Challenges Y = Yes / N = No Y = Yes / N = No Compliance Date
4.3.3 Have the capability to safely commence an initial attack within 2 minutes 90 percent of the time upon assembling necessary resources. 4.3.4 Personnel responding to fires and other emergencies are organized into company units or response teams and shall have required apparatus and equipment. Annual Evaluation 4.4.2.1 Fire department evaluates its level of service, deployment delivery, and response time objectives on an annual basis. 4.4.3 Provides the AHJ with a written report, quadrennially, which shall be based on the annual evaluations required by 4.4.2.
35 Checklist: NFPA 1720 NFPA 1851 Standard on Selection, Care, and Maintenance of Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Firefighting 2008 edition
The first edition of NFPA 1851, written in 2001, was titled Standard on the Selection, Care, and Maintenance of Structural NFPA 1851 Highlights Fire Fighting Protective Ensembles, and was developed to be a companion document for NFPA 1971, Standard on 1.1 Scope Protective Ensemble for Structural Fire Fighting. NFPA 1971, which has been in effect since 1975, specifies product design, 1.1.1 This standard shall specify the minimum selection, care, performance, testing, and certification. NFPA 1971 is written and maintenance requirements for structural firefighting for use by manufacturers to design and produce their products protective ensembles and the individual ensemble elements and by certification organizations to evaluate and test those that include garments, helmets, gloves, footwear, and interface products to determine compliance. While NFPA 1971 is components that are compliant with NFPA 1971, Standard primarily written for those groups, the standard is also used on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and by fire departments and other organizations when developing Proximity Fire Fighting. purchase specifications for structural firefighting protective ensembles and ensemble elements. Commentary NFPA1851 is written for organizations that identify specific NFPA 1851 specifies the minimum selection, care, and needs for protective clothing, develop purchase specifications, maintenance requirements for structural firefighting protective and/or purchase structural firefighting protective ensembles ensembles and proximity firefighting ensembles, as well as and ensemble elements. It is also written for end users of structural and proximity firefighting protective ensembles structural firefighting protective ensembles and ensemble with optional chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear elements to be able to inspect, maintain, and care for the (CBRN) protection. NFPA 1851 does not apply to protective protective ensembles and elements they use during structural ensembles or clothing that must be compliant with other firefighting operations. NFPA standards on technical rescue, wildland, vapor- protective ensembles for hazmat operations, liquid-splash NFPA 1851 provides criteria for the selection, care, and protective for hazmat operations, CBRN terrorism incidents, maintenance of protective ensembles and ensemble elements. and emergency medical operations. The 2008 edition is being used for this guide and was approved as an American National Standard on June 24, 2007. This edition is a complete revision of the original and was expanded 1.2 Purpose to include both structural firefighting ensembles and proximity firefighting ensembles. It also follows the new format outlined by 1.2.1 The purpose of this standard shall be to establish a the Manual of Style for NFPA Technical Committee Documents. program for structural firefighting protective ensembles and ensemble elements and for proximity firefighting protective NOTE: The following text and checklist represents extracted ensembles and ensemble elements to reduce the safety risks sections of the Standard and commentary on those sections. A and potential health risks associated with poorly maintained, statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance contaminated, or damaged protective ensembles and ensemble with Section 6 of the Regulations Governing Committee Projects elements. shall not be considered the official position of NFPA or any of its Committees and shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a Formal Interpretation.
To view the current edition in its entirety, visit www.nfpa.org/1851. or repair services. any advanced combination inspection, of advanced cleaning, utilized by to anorganization anythird perform party one or 3.3.49 • • • • cleaning: advanced, contract, routine, andspecialized: thermal, or combined processes. of There are four types ensembles andensemble elements by mechanical, chemical, Cleaning involves removing soils andcontaminants from Commentary chemical, thermal, or combined processes. from ensembles andensemble elements by mechanical, 3.3.13 Cleaning: themanufacturerwith to verify continued compliance. products accordingly andestablishes aprocedure to follow-up body authorizes themanufacturercertification their to label a product thatcompliesthestandard. with In addition, the amanufacturerresponsible hasproduced for determining if NFPA 1851 states is organization thatacertification Commentary requirements thatstandard(s). of continued andlisted the compliancelabeled products with of as acheck themanufacturer on themethods usesto determine follow-up conducted program by organization thecertification therequirements thatstandard(s),with of andestablishes a manufacturer to on listed usealabel products thatcomply standard(s), therequirements aspecific with of authorizes the todemonstrated theability produce aproduct thatcomplies determinesorganization thatamanufacturercertification has 3.3.10 Definitions 3.3 General or body fluids. cleaningSpecialized isdone to remove hazardous materials brush.a soft bristle debris. It dry alsoincludes cleaning spot usingwateroff and Routine atthefire cleaningscene usually begins by brushing protectivespecializes inthecleaning of clothing. cleaning isdoneContract by that anoutside facility ensembles or cleaning elements by agents. washingwith Advanced cleaning involves thethorough cleaning of
Certification/Certified Independent Service Provider (ISP): Independent Service The act of removing soils andcontaminants of act The : A system whereby a
An independent protective equipment program. any of part arespan andthatregular inspections anecessary recognize thattheseitems do nothave anindefinite life jobs inasafe andeffective manner. to need Organizations toolsare thatenable fire important fighters their perform to decontamination. Protective ensembles andensemble elements also provide requirements on andinformation cleaning and Standard Infection on Control Fire Department Program, andHealthOccupational Safety Program, andNFPA 1581, A.4.1.1 functions. assigned their intheperformance theorganization of members of firefighting ensembles and ensemble elements used bythe firefighting ensembles and ensemble elements and proximity forprogram theselection, care, structural andmaintenance of 4.1.1 (General) 4.1 Program essential part of any selection, of essential part care, andmaintenance program. do nothave anextended life span. Regular are inspections an protective clothing ensembles are to subject many stressors and andproximity itemsthat special such as structural firefighting decontamination. thingto remember important The here is 1500 alsoprovides on information additional cleaning and andproximity structural firefightingensembles.of NFPA implement for aprogram theselection, care, andmaintenance standardThe requires develop thatanorganization and Commentary ✓ equipment-resources www.nvfc.org/hot-topics/health-and-safety/safety/ customizable equipment management template: withthe NVFC’s ensembles firefighting downloadable, andproximity andmaintain structural Inspect www.ppe101.com/ for isneeded your what and determine department: ensembles firefighting of moreLearn the types about Resource Spotlight The organization shall develop shall organization The andimplement a NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department proximity firefighting ensembles. > Conduct and regular inspections structural of proximity firefighting ensembles. selection, care, and maintenance and structural of > D A ction Itemsction evelop and implement aprogram for the
37 NFPA 1851 38 NFPA 1851 Table Potential of A.5.1.1 List Fire Ground & substantiates OSHA’s regulations asfollows: andHealth OccupationalFire Safety Program, Department thistask.trends performing when NFPA 1500, Standard on in theorganization. officer safety The should consider national since toindividual thisfunction thatishisor perform her role conducting assessment. therisk officer safety The isthelogical theidentified hazardswhen the frequency of andseverity and ergonomic hazards. shouldalsoconsider organization The thermal, chemical, biological, electrical, radiation, operational, include, but are notlimited to, physical, environmental, A.5.1.1 assessment. arisk perform shall organization proximity firefightingensembles and ensemble elements, the firefighting ensembles and ensemble elements and 5.1.1 andPurchase5.1 Selection Biological HazardsBiological HazardsThermal Environmental Hazards Physical Hazards
Prior to starting the selection process of structural structural process theselection Prior to of starting Biological allergens Biological toxinsBiological pathogens Airborne pathogens Bloodborne Hot surfaces Hot solids Molten metals Hot liquids Steam Flame impingement heat High radiant Low heat radiant High convective heat Excessive noise light Insufficient or bright High wind Wetness Ambient cold High heatandhumidity Excessive vibration surfaces Slippery Pointed objects edges Sharp Abrasive or rough surfaces Projectiles objects or ballistic debris Flying Falling objects In general, some hazards encountered thatcanbe severity (consequence) exposureseverity occurs. if exposurelikelihood to of itspotential thehazard along with risk, shouldconsider theorganization thefrequency or hazards isprovided inTableA listof A.5.1.1. In determining consider thosehazards thatfire fighters are likely to encounter. hazards,In theidentification of should the organization elements 4. 7.1: Section Requirements for ensembles andensemble NFPA 1521, 3. officer’s 4.7: Section Safety responsibilities also in defined lawsfederal 2. Subsection 4.4.2: Mandatory compliance state and with programs andhealth 1. safety 4.3: Section of Mandatory evaluation Person-Position Hazards Radiation Hazards HazardsElectrical Chemical Hazards Other R Ease of donning anddoffing Ease of Fit (poor) Communications ease Vision clarity Ankle andback support Hand function motion Range of comfort Thermal contamination Ease of Material biocompatibility Person-Equipment Hazards Drowning Falling Nighttime visibility visibility Daytime Non-ionizing radiation Ionizing radiation chargeStatic buildup arc flashoverElectrical High voltage Chemical explosions Chemical flashover gas Liquefied contact Chemical ingestion or injection or contact absorption Skin Inhalation Standard for Fire Department Safety Officer Safety Standard for Fire Department elated Emergency Hazards necessary. to thepointwhere cleaning, decontamination, or repair is members shouldfollow intheevent thatanelement issoiled retired.be must organization The determineprotocol what Any ensemble found to be contaminated by CBRN agents must or decontaminated before isconducted. any inspection further Any soiled or contaminated ensemble element must cleaned be Commentary retired.be found to contaminated be by CBRNagents, theensemble shall isinitiated. inspection additional Where ensemble elements are contaminated cleaned be or decontaminated shall before any 6.1.2 (General,6.1 -6.3Inspection Routine, Advanced) responding to aCBRNterrorismof incident. operations, andclimate, location geographic andthelikelihood duties performed, use, frequency of pastexperience, incident of ensembles. thetype assessment includes of risk The areview conduct assessment to a risk determine appropriate firefighting process, theselection Before beginning must theorganization Commentary ✓ ✓ Any ensemble elements thatare found to soiled or be CBRN agents. > R decontamination. ensembles> Inspect all after cleaning or ensembles. > Properly clean or decontaminate any soiled A or purchasing. appropriate firefighting ensembles before selecting > Conduct assessment arisk to determine the A ction Itemsction Itemsction etire any ensemble that is contaminated by missing stitches. or missingreflective seamintegrity,trim, loss of and broken or systems, holes, charring, burn melting, discoloration, damaged rips, tears, cuts, damagedor missinghardware andclosure soiling, contamination, includes of forinspection looking signs their protective of inspections ensembles after each use. This must theorganization conductIndividual routine members of Commentary use. their protectiveof ensembles andensemble elements after each 6.2.1 • Closure system functionality • Liner attachment systems • Hook andloop functionality andlegibility integrity • Label • Reflective integrity trim elasticity wristlet • Loss of physical• Loss of integrity • Evaluation system fitand of coat/trouser overlap integrity moisture barrier • Loss of • Physical damage • Contamination • Soiling the following: that aproblem could exist. An advanced includes inspection 12months or wheneverevery aroutine indicates inspection the training. Advanced must conducted be inspections atleast required,training andmust provide documentation of written manufacturer or theverified ISP determines the extent of inspection. The of are responsible thistype for performing havewho inadvanced techniques inspection trained been thedepartment. members Organization personnel within provider a verified independenttrained (ISP) service or Any advanced or by testing must inspection performed be Commentary the organization’s personnel. trained by providerperformed averified independent (ISP) service or 6.3.1 ✓ Individual membersconduct shall aroutine inspection Advanced andany testing be shall inspection necessary determine if anydetermine additional if is action necessary. ensembles after each use, reporting any issues to > R A ction Itemsction equire members all to inspect theirprotective
39 NFPA 1851 40 NFPA 1851 elements cleaned anddecontaminated. 7.1.1 Advanced) 7.1 -7.3Cleaning andDecontamination (General, Routine, ✓ available. 1851. Contact your manufacturer to discover is what courses NFPA therequirements ontraining meeting of guidelines for their products. Additionally, some offer Manufacturers providecleaning andinspection Resource Spotlight Organizations shall provide shall Organizations ameansfor having ensemble indicates that there may a problem. be every 12monthsevery or whenever aroutine inspection personnel inspect or test protective ensembles > Have averified ISP trained departmentor A ction Itemsction by a verified ISP or by trained department personnel. by averified ISP department or trained by and then thoroughly rinsed. Advanced cleaning must done be used. brush asoft bristle Elements gentlywith canbe scrubbed applied, and protective gloves andeye/face protection must be temperature must below be 105 soiled areas pre-treated. canbe When cleaning, thewater fordesignated PPE cleaning anddecontamination. Heavily necessary,If routine sink cleaning done canbe inautility to used canbe brush gently scrub removebristle thematerial. water, with off. off rinsed canbe Otherdebris andasoft nocontamination isdiscovered,If brushed canbe debris dry routine cleaning process attheemergency scene. canbegin instructions. The manufacturer for cleaning anddrying responsible for routine cleaning andmust reference the decontaminating ensemble elements. end The users are mustOrganizations identify aprocess for cleaning and Commentary training. element manufacturer provide verification shall of written to advanced perform cleaning. ensemble The or ensemble required training determine shall thelevelorganization of ensembleThe or ensemble element manufacturer andthe protectivecleaning of ensembles and ensemble elements. have who the organization received intheadvanced training or theorganization conducted bymember of members of 7.3.1.1 the organization’s personnel. trained 7.3.1 procedures used. provided be drying shall inthissection ensemble or ensemble element, theroutine cleaning and manufacturer’s approval alternative of procedures for the element. manufacturer’s In theabsence of or instructions the manufacturer theensemble provided or ensemble with that on cleaning anddrying user for information instructions 7.2.2 awater hose,with cleaning. andspot debris debris, off rinsing accomplished dry by off brushing service.elements taken being Routine outcleaning of canbe ensemble by the elements performed theend user without A.7.2.1 their issued ensemble andensemble elements.cleaning of 7.2.1 ✓ Advanced by performed averified cleaningbe ISP shall or Organizations shall examine shall themanufacturer’sOrganizations and label endresponsibleThe usersbe shall for theroutine The advanced The managedby cleaningbe shall a Routine cleaning is a light cleaning of ensembles and Routine cleaning of cleaning isalight > D A ensembles. decontamination and schedule policy for all ction Itemsction evelop and implement acleaning and 0 F, milddetergents canbe contamination. notstore Do ensemble elements where they placedshould be inaprotective caseor bagto prevent cross or storedensembles must transported inthismanner, be they personal vehicles.in thepassenger of compartment If elements must stored notbe quarters or transported inliving a protective caseor bagto prevent damage. ensemble Soiled insuch environments,transported placed should be in they equipment thatcould damage them. theelements must be If objects, sharp tools, with or trunks compartments or other ensemble elements must stored in notbe or transported temperatures below 25 unissued. notstore Do ensembles or ensemble elements in storednot be inair-tight containers are unlessthey new and beforeelements storage must clean andmust alsobe anddry exposed worn. tobe notbeing while direct sunlight Ensemble Ensemble elements must stored notbe or indirect sunlight Commentary UVlight. sourcesall of ensemble elements stored shouldbe to minimize exposure to exposure to direct sunlight. Therefore, ensembles and from fluorescentdegradation isfarlesssevere light than ongoingdegradation, research although suggests thatthe sources,UV light such asfluorescent light, cancausesimilar other equipment.accelerated of aging In addition, other garments, resulting strength infabric loss, andcancause fibers in protective of causesdegradation in direct sunlight protective causeof known ensemble degradation. Storage A.9.1.1 worn. or exposeddirect to notbeing sunlight while direct sunlight 9.1.1 advanced cleaning before any repair applicable. when by themanufacturer or anISP. Ensembles to must subject be ISP, hasreceived who theorganization or amember of training repairsmanufacturer,All by must performed theoriginal be an Commentary ensembles or ensemblerepair elements. of has received by themanufacturer training or by anISPinthe manufacturer, anISP, who theorganization or amember of 8.1.1 8.1 Requirements for EnsemblesAll andEnsemble Elements ✓
Ensembles or ensemble stored notbe elements shall in by repairsAll performed theoriginal be shall Ultraviolet (UV) light, from (UV) especially Ultraviolet sunlight, isa ensembles or ensemble elements. department personnel perform any repairs to > Have themanufacturer, ISP, an or trained A ction Itemsction 0 F or above 180 0 F. Ensembles and elements andproximity firefightingensembles and ensemble firefightingensembles and ensemble structural removal of 10.1. areas. folding. Store theensembles inclean, dry, andwell-ventilated storedbe byto limitthedamage by hanging caused creasing or acids, or alkalis. Proximity firefightingcoats and trousers must could come contaminants incontact with such asoils, solvents, appropriately marked for non-live fireonly.training that does not involve live fire, provided thatthe ensembles are ensembles andensemble elements may for used be training activities, including live firetraining. However, retired for used andcannotbe firefightingor emergencydisposed ensembles andensemble elements must destroyed be or CBRN terrorism agents must retired be immediately. Retired ensembles/ensemble elements thatare contaminated by 5years. andproximitymaximum of Structural firefighting theproximityouter of ensemble shell must replaced be ata years manufacture. from thedate of In cases, all theradiant retired shouldbe isthatthey nomoregeneral rule than10 and proximity firefightingensembles/ensemble elements, the 10 thatmay structural theretirement affect of anddisposal thereAlthough are other requirements referenced inChapter Commentary factors, including, but notlimited to, thefollowing: A.10.1.1 theorganization. instructions, andtheexperience of elements by used being theorganization, themanufacturer’s to, issues thatare specific to the ensembles or ensemble elements from service, which includes, but isnotlimited elements 4. or proximity structural Age ensemble or ensemble of other contaminants 3. Ability to adequately remove hazardous materials and their economic repair materials or 2.componentsbeyond of deterioration Specific 1. theitem Overall condition of ✓ The organization shall develop specific criteria developfor shall organization criteria The specific Retirement on based anumber shouldbe of criteria > Hang proximity firefightingcoats and trousers. prevent damage. > T or bag. > T ventilated area. D > Store ensembles aclean, in dry, and well- A ction Itemsction ransport ensembles aprotective in case or bagto ransport soiled ensembles aprotective in case o not expose them to sunlight.
41 NFPA 1851 42 NFPA 1851 structural andproximitystructural firefightingensembles. to or programs assistinthepurchaseidentify other grants of canalsocontactfunding. themanufacturer Departments to Firefighters be used can address to program Grants inadequate tofor implement. some departments FEMA’s Assistance to Firefighter ensemble replacement may programs be difficult ✓ mark them as for non-live fire training only. for used be not training involving live fire.Clearly > R elements for live firetraining. > D ensemble elements. > D contaminated CBRNterrorism with agents. ensembles and ensemble elements immediately if > R manufacture. ensembles no more 5years than after thedate of > R years after thedate manufacture. of ensembles and ensemble elements no more 10 than > R A ction Itemsction etired ensembles or ensemble elements can and proximityetire structural firefighter eplace theradiant outer proximity of shell etire structural and proximityetire structural firefighter estroy or disposeretired of ensembles or o not retired use ensembles or ensemble Checklist: NFPA 1851* Supporting Those Who Serve
Content Compliance Plan to Achieve Compliance Expected notes, Modifications, Challenges Y = Yes / N = No Y = Yes / N = No Compliance Date
Program 4.1.1 Develop and implement a selection, care, and maintenance program for structural PPE ensemble. 4.2.2 Develop a written SOP defining the following part and roles of the program to include: Records Protection of public and personnel from contamination Selection Inspection Cleaning and decontamination Repair Storage Retirement, disposition, and special incident procedures 4.2.3 Limiting the adding of accessories Records 4.3.3 Records kept for each ensemble or element on the following: Person to whom issued Date and condition when issued Manufacturer and model name or design Manufacturer’s identification number, lot number, or serial number Month and year of manufacture *This checklist coincides with the sections highlighted in this guide. Visit www.nfpa.org to view the standard in its entirety.
43 Checklist: NFPA 1851 44 Checklist: NFPA 1851
Supporting Those Who Serve
Content Compliance Plan to Achieve Compliance Expected notes, Modifications, Challenges Y = Yes / N = No Y = Yes / N = No Compliance Date
Date(s) and findings advanced inspection(s) Date(s) and findings of advanced cleaning or decontamination Reason for advanced cleaning or decontamination and who performed cleaning or decontamination Date(s) of repair(s), who performed repair(s), and brief description of repair(s) Date of retirement Date and method of disposal Selection 5.1.2 A risk assessment was performed before selection based on the following: Type of duties performed Frequency of use of ensemble elements Organization’s experiences Incident operations Geographic location and climate Likelihood of or response to CBRN terrorism incident Inspection 6.1.3 Guideline established for members to determining if soiled and needs cleaning. 6.2.1, 6.2.2 Members conduct routine inspections after use for the following: Soiling Contamination Supporting Those Who Serve
Content Compliance Plan to Achieve Compliance Expected notes, Modifications, Challenges Y = Yes / N = No Y = Yes / N = No Compliance Date
Rips, tears, cuts Damaged or missing hardware or closure systems Thermal damage (charring, burn holes, melting, discoloration of any layer) Damaged or missing reflective trim Loss of seam integrity and broken or missing stitches Correct assembly and size compatibility of shell, liner and drag rescue device 6.3.3 Advanced Inspection performed every 12 months. 6.3.4 Advanced inspection findings documented. Cleaning and Decontamination 7.1.1 Organization has a means of having PPE cleaned and decontaminated. 7.1.4 A means has been provided to isolate contaminated PPE for cleaning. 7.1.7 Soiled or contaminated PPE are not brought home or public laundries for cleaning. 7.3.1 Advanced cleaning performed by verified ISP or organization trained personnel. Repairs 8.1.1 Repairs performed by original manufacturer, ISP, or member who has received training.
45 Checklist: NFPA 1851 46 Checklist: NFPA 1851
Supporting Those Who Serve
Content Compliance Plan to Achieve Compliance Expected notes, Modifications, Challenges Y = Yes / N = No Y = Yes / N = No Compliance Date
Storage 9.1.1 Ensembles not stored in direct sunlight or exposed to direct sunlight. 9.1.2 Ensembles and ensemble elements are clean and dry before storage 9.1.3 Ensembles and ensemble elements not stored in airtight containers unless new and unissued 9.1.4 Ensemble and ensemble elements stored between -250 F and 1800 F. 9.1.5 Ensembles or ensemble elements are not stored in compartment or trunks with sharp objects, tools or equipment. Protective bag or case used if ensemble or element must be transported this way. 9.1.6 Ensemble and ensemble elements not stored in living quarters or with personal belongings or transported in the passenger compartment of a personal vehicle. If ensembles or elements must be transported in this manner, they are place in a protective bag or case. 9.1.7 Ensemble and ensemble elements not stored in contact with oils, solvents, acids, alkalis, or other contaminants. 9.1.9 Ensemble and ensemble elements stored in clean, dry, well- ventilated area Supporting Those Who Serve
Content Compliance Plan to Achieve Compliance Expected notes, Modifications, Challenges Y = Yes / N = No Y = Yes / N = No Compliance Date
Retirement and Disposition 10.1.2 Structural ensembles and ensemble elements and proximity ensemble and ensemble elements are retired no more than 10 years from the date of manufacture. 10.2.1 Retired ensembles or elements are destroyed or disposed of so that they cannot be used in any firefighting or emergency activities, or for live fire training Special Incident 10.3.1 Procedures for the handling and custody of structural fire fighting ensembles and ensemble elements that were worn by fire fighters who were victims at incidents where serious injuries or fatalities to the fire fighters occurred.
47 Checklist: NFPA 1851 48 Understanding & Implementing Standards implement a culture of safety.implement aculture of remainsgoal thesame. It isnever too late to embrace and on based available resourcesvary andcapabilities, theoverall adopt thosechanges. While each department’s will timeline Focus isattainable andwork onandachievable what to stepsinitial thatcanultimately make over abig impact time. more manageable pieces to allows take adepartment small examinedwhen intheir entirety. Breaking them down into components inthefuture. Standards overwhelming canbe current resourceswith anddevelop plansto implement other astandard anddetermineisfeasible within what each section contributing to firefighter safety.evaluate should Departments to remember thatstandards are anessential component implement standards. often Though daunting, itisimportant to Many face challenges trying when serious departments Conclusion Email: Fax: 617-770-3500 Phone: 5:00PMEST) 617-770-3000(until Quincy, MA02169-7471USA ParkOne Batterymarch NFPA Codes &Standards Administration Department development process, contact: To regarding generalinformation obtain thestandards process, theNFPA pleasevisit homepage at For on information theNFPA further standards development NFP Additional Information A [email protected] g www.nfpa.org . > > > > > > > > > NFPAfollowing committees: 2012,As of theNVFChasrepresentatives on the serving active NVFCisvery The inthestandards development process. NVFC www.nvfc.org Email: Fax: 202-887-5291 Phone: 1-888-ASK-NVFC Greenbelt, MD20770 7852 Walker Drive, Suite 450 National Volunteer Fire Council To more learn aboutthe NVFC’s involvement, contact: > > > > > > > Supporting ThoseWhoSer Ambulances Forest andRural Fire Protection andHealth Occupational Safety Fire Service Fire Prevention andDeployment Organization Fire Officer Professional Qualifications Fire FighterProfessional Qualifications Fire Department Apparatus Volunteer andDeployment Organization – Fire andEmergency Service Emergency Medical Services Wildland Protective Fire Fighting Clothing andEquipment Qualifications Traffic Control Incident Management Professional and Equipment andProximityStructural Protective Fire Fighting Clothing Professional Qualifications Technical Correlating Incident Management Professional Qualifications Hazardous Materials Response Personnel Hazardous Chemicals [email protected] ve
49 Understanding & Implementing Standards 50 Understanding & Implementing Standards Notes
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